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Becerril-García MÁ, Flores-Maldonado OE, González GM, García-González G, Hernández-Bello R, Palma-Nicolás JP. Safety profile of intravenous administration of live Pichia pastoris cells in mice. FEMS Yeast Res 2022; 22:6576328. [PMID: 35488874 DOI: 10.1093/femsyr/foac023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Pichia pastoris has been widely used to produce antigenic proteins aimed to integrate subunit vaccines. Moreover, increasing interest in large-scale vaccine production at the lowest cost is rapidly focusing in the development of yeast surface display (YSD) systems for delivery of antigens. In this scenario, the safety of live yeast administration must be warranted, however such information is very scarce. Here we assess the intravenous administration (i.v.) of live P. pastoris cells in order to trace dissemination in BALB/c mice and to evaluate the immune response raised against the yeast compared to the well-defined pathogen Candida albicans. Our results demonstrate dissemination of P. pastoris to the heart, kidney, and spleen, but it is quickly eliminated during the first 48 hours post-infection (hpi), with persistence in the liver along with mild mononuclear and polymorphonuclear (PMN) infiltrate, which was resolved at 144 hpi. In vivo delayed-type hyper-sensitivity test (DTH) or in vitro antigenic stimulation of mice splenocytes demonstrate that transient infection of P. pastoris did not induce a cell-mediated immune response nor increase the level of circulating IgG or IgM. These results demonstrate the innocuous profile of P. pastoris and support its use as a safe delivery system for vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Ángel Becerril-García
- Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Microbiología. Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León. Ave. Francisoco I. Madero y Dr. Eduardo Aguirre Pequeño s/n, Col. Mitras Centro. C.P. 64460, Monterrey, Nuevo León, México
| | - Orlando Esau Flores-Maldonado
- Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Microbiología. Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León. Ave. Francisoco I. Madero y Dr. Eduardo Aguirre Pequeño s/n, Col. Mitras Centro. C.P. 64460, Monterrey, Nuevo León, México
| | - Gloria M González
- Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Microbiología. Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León. Ave. Francisoco I. Madero y Dr. Eduardo Aguirre Pequeño s/n, Col. Mitras Centro. C.P. 64460, Monterrey, Nuevo León, México
| | - Gerardo García-González
- Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Microbiología. Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León. Ave. Francisoco I. Madero y Dr. Eduardo Aguirre Pequeño s/n, Col. Mitras Centro. C.P. 64460, Monterrey, Nuevo León, México
| | - Romel Hernández-Bello
- Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Microbiología. Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León. Ave. Francisoco I. Madero y Dr. Eduardo Aguirre Pequeño s/n, Col. Mitras Centro. C.P. 64460, Monterrey, Nuevo León, México
| | - José Prisco Palma-Nicolás
- Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Microbiología. Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León. Ave. Francisoco I. Madero y Dr. Eduardo Aguirre Pequeño s/n, Col. Mitras Centro. C.P. 64460, Monterrey, Nuevo León, México
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Szerencsés B, Igaz N, Tóbiás Á, Prucsi Z, Rónavári A, Bélteky P, Madarász D, Papp C, Makra I, Vágvölgyi C, Kónya Z, Pfeiffer I, Kiricsi M. Size-dependent activity of silver nanoparticles on the morphological switch and biofilm formation of opportunistic pathogenic yeasts. BMC Microbiol 2020; 20:176. [PMID: 32571216 PMCID: PMC7309973 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-020-01858-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Dimorphism and biofilm formation are important virulence factors of some opportunistic human pathogenic yeasts. Such species commensally colonize skin or mucosal surfaces generally in yeast form, but under particular circumstances, convert into virulent hyphae and disseminate internal organs or cause mucocutaneous infections. The yeast-to-hypha shape-conversion promotes the development of a biofilm, a thick extracellular matrix with sessile cells within. The biofilm is capable to prevent the penetration of antifungal drugs, rendering the surviving biofilm-resident cells intrinsic sources of recurrent infections. The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) to attenuate the morphological switch and biofilm formation of several opportunistic pathogenic yeasts and to determine whether this feature depends on the nanoparticle size. Results AgNPs in three different sizes were prepared by chemical reduction approach and characterized by transmission electron microscopy, ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy and dynamic light scattering. The antifungal activity was evaluated by the microdilution method, the inhibitory capacity on biofilm formation and the biofilm degradation ability of differently sized AgNPs was assessed by viability assay. The morphological state of opportunistic pathogenic yeast cells in monoculture and in co-culture with human keratinocytes in the presence of AgNPs was examined by flow cytometry and scanning electron microscopy. All the three AgNPs inhibited the growth of the examined opportunistic pathogenic yeasts, nevertheless, AgNPs with the smallest diameter exhibited the most prominent toxic activities. AgNPs attenuated the biofilm formation in a nanoparticle size-dependent manner; however, their biofilm destruction capacity was negligible. AgNPs with the smallest size exerted the most significant effect on suppressing the morphological change of pathogens in monoculture as well as in a co-culture with keratinocytes. Conclusions Our results confirm that AgNPs are capable to hinder yeast-to-hypha morphological conversion and biofilm formation of opportunistic pathogens and this biological effect of AgNPs is size-dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nóra Igaz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, Szeged, H-6726, Hungary
| | - Ákos Tóbiás
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, Szeged, H-6726, Hungary
| | - Zsombor Prucsi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, Szeged, H-6726, Hungary
| | - Andrea Rónavári
- Department of Applied and Environmental Chemistry, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Péter Bélteky
- Department of Applied and Environmental Chemistry, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Dániel Madarász
- Department of Applied and Environmental Chemistry, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Csaba Papp
- Department of Microbiology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Ildikó Makra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, Szeged, H-6726, Hungary
| | - Csaba Vágvölgyi
- Department of Microbiology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Kónya
- Department of Applied and Environmental Chemistry, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.,HAS-USZ Reaction Kinetics and Surface Chemistry Research Group, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Ilona Pfeiffer
- Department of Microbiology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Mónika Kiricsi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, Szeged, H-6726, Hungary.
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Pandey N, Gupta MK, Paul P, Tilak R. Necessity to identify candida species accurately with minimum inhibitory concentration determination in each case of bloodstream infections. J Infect Public Health 2019; 13:753-758. [PMID: 31899133 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2019.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2019] [Revised: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bloodstream Candida infection is a life-threatening event among ICU admitted patients. This infection is caused by a diverse range of Candida species having varied minimum inhibitory concentrations. OBJECTIVES To identify Candida species causing bloodstream infections with their antifungal susceptibility determination. METHODS Candida species isolated from the blood of ICU admitted patients were identified by phenotypic as well as by molecular methods including PCR-RFLP using MspI restriction enzyme and MALDI TOF MS. The minimum inhibitory concentration of fluconazole, voriconazole, amphotericin B and caspofungin was determined against isolated Candida species by CLSI M27A3 guidelines. RESULTS A total of 119 Candida species were isolated. Among them, C. tropicalis(n=29) was the predominant isolate followed by C. parapsilosis(n=18), C. glabrata (n=12), C. krusei (n=11) and C. albicans(n=11). Uncommon Candida species isolated were; Wickerhamomyces anomalus(n=15), Kodaemia ohmeri(n=8), C. lusitaniae (n=5) and C. auris (n=2). A varied antifungal MIC values were observed. Caspofungin had the lowest MIC among the tested antifungals. Increased fluconazole MIC was observed against the isolated Candida species including C. tropicalis. All the isolated C. lusitaniae and C. auris strains have ≥1mcg/ml amphotericin B MIC. In comparison to fluconazole, voriconazole was more effective when tested in vitro. CONCLUSION Emergence of uncommon Candida species having varied antifungal MIC warns the physicians to have a prompt, accurate identification with antifungal MIC determination in each case of bloodstream Candida infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Pandey
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India.
| | - Munesh K Gupta
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India.
| | - Pradeep Paul
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India.
| | - Ragini Tilak
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India.
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Hong SI, Suh YS, Kim HO, Bae IG, Shin JH, Cho OH. Successful Treatment of Catheter Related Blood Stream Infection By Millerozyma farinosa with Micafungin: A Case Report. Infect Chemother 2019; 50:362-366. [PMID: 30600661 PMCID: PMC6312903 DOI: 10.3947/ic.2018.50.4.362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Millerozyma farinosa (formerly Pichia farinosa) is halotolerant yeast mainly found in food and ubiquitous in the environment. It was a rare yeast pathogen, but it has recently emerged as a cause of fungemia in immunocompromised patients. Optimal therapy for invasive fungal infection by this pathogen remains unclear. We report a case of catheter related blood stream infection caused by M. farinosa in a 71-year-old patient who recovered successfully after removal of the central venous catheter and treatment with micafungin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun In Hong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Changwon, Korea
| | - Young Sun Suh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Changwon, Korea
| | - Hyun Ok Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Changwon, Korea
| | - In Gyu Bae
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Korea
| | - Jong Hee Shin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Oh Hyun Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Changwon, Korea.
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Abstract
Honey has been considered a relatively safe foodstuff due to its compositional properties, with infant botulism caused by Clostridium botulinum being the most prominent health risk associated with it. Our review is focused on the honey microflora along the food chain and evaluates the pathogenic potential of those microorganisms found in honey. This product may contain a great variety of bacteria and, particularly, fungi that eventually entered the food chain at an early stage (e.g., via pollen). For many of these microorganisms, opportunistic infections in humans have been recorded (e.g., infections by Staphylococcus spp., Citrobacter spp., Escherichia coli, Hafnia alvei, Aspergillus spp., Fusarium spp., Trichoderma spp., Chaetomium spp.), although direct infections via honey were not registered.
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Affiliation(s)
- N T Grabowski
- a Institute for Food Quality and Food Safety, Hanover University of Veterinary Medicine, Foundation , Hanover , Germany
| | - G Klein
- a Institute for Food Quality and Food Safety, Hanover University of Veterinary Medicine, Foundation , Hanover , Germany
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Galán F, García-Agudo L, Guerrero I, Marín P, García-Tapia A, García-Martos P, Rodríguez-Iglesias M. Evaluación de la espectrometría de masas en la identificación de levaduras de interés clínico. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin 2015; 33:372-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eimc.2014.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Revised: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Eddouzi J, Lohberger A, Vogne C, Manai M, Sanglard D. Identification and antifungal susceptibility of a large collection of yeast strains isolated in Tunisian hospitals. Med Mycol 2013; 51:737-46. [PMID: 23768242 DOI: 10.3109/13693786.2013.800239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) was used as a rapid method to identify yeasts isolated from patients in Tunisian hospitals. When identification could not be exstablished with this procedure, sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer with 5.8S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2) and D1/D2 domain of large-subunit (LSU rDNA) were employed as a molecular approach for species differentiation. Candida albicans was the dominant species (43.37% of all cases), followed by C. glabrata (16.55%), C. parapsilosis (13.23%), C. tropicalis (11.34%), C. dubliniensis (4.96%), and other species more rarely encountered in human diseases such as C. krusei, C. metapsilosis, C. lusitaniae, C. kefyr, C. palmioleophila, C. guilliermondii, C. intermedia, C. orthopsilosis, and C. utilis. In addition, other yeast species were obtained including Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Debaryomyces hansenii (anamorph known as C. famata), Hanseniaspora opuntiae, Kodamaea ohmeri, Pichia caribbica (anamorph known as C. fermentati), Trichosporon spp. and finally a novel yeast species, C. tunisiensis. The in vitro antifungal activities of fluconazole and voriconazole were determined by the agar disk diffusion test and Etest, while the susceptibility to additional antifungal agents was determined with the Sensititre YeastOne system. Our results showed low incidence of azole resistance in C. albicans (0.54%), C. tropicalis (2.08%) and C. glabrata (4.28%). In addition, caspofungin was active against most isolates of the collection with the exception of two K. ohmeri isolates. This is the first report to describe caspofungin resistant isolates of this yeast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamel Eddouzi
- * Institute of Microbiology, University Hospital Lausanne and University Hospital Center , Lausanne , Switzerland
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Mallet S, Weiss S, Jacques N, Leh-Louis V, Sacerdot C, Casaregola S. Insights into the life cycle of yeasts from the CTG clade revealed by the analysis of the Millerozyma (Pichia) farinosa species complex. PLoS One 2012; 7:e35842. [PMID: 22574125 PMCID: PMC3344839 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0035842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2011] [Accepted: 03/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Among ascomycetous yeasts, the CTG clade is so-called because its constituent species translate CTG as serine instead of leucine. Though the biology of certain pathogenic species such as Candida albicans has been much studied, little is known about the life cycles of non-pathogen species of the CTG clade. Taking advantage of the recently obtained sequence of the biotechnological Millerozyma (Pichiasorbitophila) farinosa strain CBS 7064, we used MLST to better define phylogenic relationships between most of the Millerozyma farinosa strains available in public collections. This led to the constitution of four phylogenetic clades diverging from 8% to 15% at the DNA level and possibly constituting a species complex (M. farinosa) and to the proposal of two new species:Millerozyma miso sp. nov. CBS 2004T ( = CLIB 1230T) and Candida pseudofarinosa sp. nov.NCYC 386T( = CLIB 1231T).Further analysis showed that M. farinosa isolates exist as haploid and inter-clade hybrids. Despite the sequence divergence between the clades, secondary contacts after reproductive isolation were evidenced, as revealed by both introgression and mitochondria transfer between clades. We also showed that the inter-clade hybrids do sporulate to generate mainly viable vegetative diploid spores that are not the result of meiosis, and very rarely aneuploid spores possibly through the loss of heterozygosity during sporulation. Taken together, these results show that in this part of the CTG clade, non-Mendelian genetic exchanges occur at high rates through hybridization between divergent strainsfrom distinct clades and subsequent massive loss of heterozygosity. This combination of mechanisms could constitute an alternative sexuality leading to an unsuspected biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandrine Mallet
- INRA UMR1319, Micalis Institute, CIRM-Levures, Thiverval-Grignon, France
- AgroParisTech UMR1319, Micalis Institute, Thiverval-Grignon, France
| | - Stéphanie Weiss
- INRA UMR1319, Micalis Institute, CIRM-Levures, Thiverval-Grignon, France
- AgroParisTech UMR1319, Micalis Institute, Thiverval-Grignon, France
| | - Noémie Jacques
- INRA UMR1319, Micalis Institute, CIRM-Levures, Thiverval-Grignon, France
- AgroParisTech UMR1319, Micalis Institute, Thiverval-Grignon, France
| | | | - Christine Sacerdot
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Génétique Moléculaire des Levures, CNRS, UMR 3525, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 06, UFR 927, Paris, France
| | - Serge Casaregola
- INRA UMR1319, Micalis Institute, CIRM-Levures, Thiverval-Grignon, France
- AgroParisTech UMR1319, Micalis Institute, Thiverval-Grignon, France
- * E-mail:
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Bader O, Weig M, Taverne-Ghadwal L, Lugert R, Gross U, Kuhns M. Improved clinical laboratory identification of human pathogenic yeasts by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Clin Microbiol Infect 2010; 17:1359-65. [PMID: 20946411 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2010.03398.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The key to therapeutic success with yeast infections is an early onset of antifungal treatment with an appropriate drug regimen. To do this, yeast species identification is necessary, but conventional biochemical and morphological approaches are time-consuming. The recent arrival of biophysical methods, such as matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS), in routine diagnostic laboratories holds the promise of significantly speeding up this process. In this study, two commercially available MALDI-TOF MS species identification systems were evaluated for application in clinical diagnostics, using a geographically diverse collection of 1192 clinical yeast and yeast-like isolates. The results were compared with those of the classical differentiation scheme based on microscopic and biochemical characteristics. For 95.1% of the isolates, all three procedures consistently gave the correct species identification, but the rate of misclassification was greatly reduced in both MALDI-TOF MS systems. Furthermore, several closely related species (e.g. Candida orthopsilosis/metapsilosis/parapsilosis or Candida glabrata/bracarensis) could be resolved by both MALDI-TOF MS systems, but not by the biochemical approach. A significant advantage of MALDI-TOF MS over biochemistry in the recognition of isolates novel to the system was observed. Although both MALDI-TOF MS systems employed different approaches in the database structure and showed different susceptibilities to errors in database entries, these were negligible in terms of clinical usefulness. The time-saving benefit of MALDI-TOF MS over biochemical identification will substantially improve fungal diagnostics and patient treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Bader
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and German National Reference Centre for Systemic Mycoses, University Medical Centre Göttingen, Kreuzbergring 57, Göttingen, Germany.
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Jung PP, Friedrich A, Souciet JL, Louis V, Potier S, de Montigny J, Schacherer J. Complete mitochondrial genome sequence of the yeast Pichia farinosa and comparative analysis of closely related species. Curr Genet 2010; 56:507-15. [DOI: 10.1007/s00294-010-0318-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2010] [Revised: 08/20/2010] [Accepted: 08/23/2010] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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