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Park KH, Kim D, Jung M, Kim DY, Lee YM, Lee MS, Hong KW, Bae IG, Hong SI, Cho OH. Effects of sub-inhibitory concentrations of nafcillin, vancomycin, ciprofloxacin, and rifampin on biofilm formation of clinical methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Microbiol Spectr 2024:e0341223. [PMID: 38651875 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03412-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections are often difficult to treat because of their biofilm-forming ability and antimicrobial resistance. We investigated the effects of sub-minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of antibiotics on MRSA biofilm formation. Clinical MRSA isolates were grown with sub-MICs (1/256-1/2 × MICs) of nafcillin, vancomycin, ciprofloxacin, and rifampin. The biofilm biomass was measured using crystal violet staining. Of the 107 MRSA isolates tested, 63 (58.9%) belonged to sequence type 5 (ST5), and 44 (41.1%) belonged to ST72. The MIC50/MIC90 values of nafcillin, vancomycin, ciprofloxacin, and rifampin were 256/512, 1/2, 64/512, and 0.008/0.03 mg/L, respectively. The sub-MICs of nafcillin, vancomycin, ciprofloxacin, and rifampin promoted biofilm formation in 75 (70.1%), 49 (45.8%), 89 (83.2%), and 89 (83.2%) isolates, respectively. At sub-MICs of nafcillin, the factors associated with strong biofilm induction were the ST5 strain (P = 0.001) and agr dysfunction (P = 0.005). For the sub-MICs of ciprofloxacin, the associated factors were the ST5 strain (P = 0.002), staphylococcal protein A type t002 strain (P < 0.001), and ciprofloxacin resistance (P < 0.001). Among the sub-MICs of rifampin, only ST5 was associated with strong biofilm induction (P = 0.006). Because the sub-MICs of rifampin were much lower than clinically relevant concentrations, we further tested the capability of biofilm induction in 0.03[Formula: see text]32 mg/L of rifampin. At these concentrations, rifampin-induced biofilm formation was rare in rifampin-susceptible MRSA [1.0% (1 of 100)] but common in rifampin-resistant MRSA [71.4% (5 of 7), P < 0.001]. Induction of biofilm biomass at sub-MICs of antibiotics is common in clinical MRSA isolates and is differentially affected by the MRSA strain and antibiotic class. IMPORTANCE Bacteria can be exposed to sub-MICs of antibiotics at the beginning and end of a dosing regimen, between doses, or during low-dose therapies. Growing evidence suggests that sub-MICs of antimicrobials can stimulate MRSA biofilm formation and alter the composition of the biofilm matrix. Pevious studies have found that sub-MICs of oxacillin, methicillin, and amoxicillin promote biofilm formation in some community-acquired MRSA (CA-MRSA). We evaluated biofilm induction by sub-MICs of four different classes of antibiotics in 44 CA-MRSA and 63 healthcare-associated MRSA (HA-MRSA) strains. Our study indicated that sub-MICs of nafcillin, vancomycin, ciprofloxacin, and rifampin frequently promote biofilm induction in clinical MRSA isolates. Strong biofilm induction in sub-MICs of nafcillin, ciprofloxacin, and rifampin was more frequent in HA-MRSA than in CA-MRSA. Antibiotic-induced biofilm formation depends on the antibiotic class, MRSA strain, and antibiotic resistance. Our results emphasize the importance of maintaining effective bactericidal concentrations of antibiotics to treat biofilm-related infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki-Ho Park
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dokyoung Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
- Center for Converging Humanities, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
- Medical Research Center for Bioreaction to Reactive Oxygen Species and Biomedical Science Institute, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Minji Jung
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dong Youn Kim
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yu-Mi Lee
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Mi Suk Lee
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyung-Wook Hong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju, South Korea
| | - In-Gyu Bae
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Sun In Hong
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Oh-Hyun Cho
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan, South Korea
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Kim HJ, Lee D, Moon HJ, Jeong D, Shin TY, In Hong S, Lee HJ. Real-world comparison between mechanical and manual cardiopulmonary resuscitation during the COVID-19 pandemic. Am J Emerg Med 2024; 76:217-224. [PMID: 38128162 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2023.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has posed significant challenges to healthcare systems worldwide, including an increase in out-of-hospital cardiac arrests (OHCA). Healthcare providers are now required to use personal protective equipment (PPE) during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Additionally, mechanical CPR devices have been introduced to reduce the number of personnel required for resuscitation. This study aimed to compare the outcomes of CPR performed with a mechanical device and the outcomes of manual CPR performed by personnel wearing PPE. METHODS This multicenter observational study utilized data from the Korean Cardiac Arrest Research Consortium registry. The study population consisted of OHCA patients who underwent CPR in emergency departments (EDs) between March 2020 and June 2021. Patients were divided into two equal propensity score matched groups: mechanical CPR group (n = 421) and PPE-equipped manual CPR group (n = 421). Primary outcomes included survival rates and favorable neurological outcomes at discharge. Total CPR duration in the ED was also assessed. RESULTS There were no significant between-group differences with respect to survival rate at discharge (mechanical CPR: 7.4% vs PPE-equipped manual CPR: 8.3%) or favorable neurological outcomes (3.3% vs. 3.8%, respectively). However, the mechanical CPR group had a longer duration of CPR in the ED compared to the manual CPR group. CONCLUSION This study found no significant differences in survival rates and neurological outcomes between mechanical CPR and PPE-equipped manual CPR in the ED setting. However, a longer total CPR duration was observed in the mechanical CPR group. Further research is required to explore the impact of PPE on healthcare providers' performance and fatigue during CPR in the context of the pandemic and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Joon Kim
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, 31, Suncheonhyang 6-gil, Cheonan 31151, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongwook Lee
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, 31, Suncheonhyang 6-gil, Cheonan 31151, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyung Jun Moon
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, 31, Suncheonhyang 6-gil, Cheonan 31151, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongkil Jeong
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, 31, Suncheonhyang 6-gil, Cheonan 31151, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Yong Shin
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, 31, Suncheonhyang 6-gil, Cheonan 31151, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun In Hong
- Department of internal medicine, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, 31, Suncheonhyang 6-gil, Cheonan 31151, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Lee
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, 31, Suncheonhyang 6-gil, Cheonan 31151, Republic of Korea
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Kwon JS, Hong SI, Kim JY, Cha HH, Kim T, Park SY, Kim MC, Park SY, Choi SH, Chung JW, Kim SH. Cytokine and Chemokine Profiles in Acute Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome and Scrub Typhus in South Korea. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2023; 109:1311-1318. [PMID: 37903435 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.23-0146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In East Asia, severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) and scrub typhus, which are common endemic tick- and mite-mediated diseases sharing common clinical manifestations, are becoming public health concerns. However, there are limited data on the comparative immunopathogenesis between the two diseases. We compared the cytokine profiles of SFTS and scrub typhus to further elucidate immune responses that occur during the disease courses. We prospectively enrolled 44 patients with confirmed SFTS and 49 patients with scrub typhus from July 2015 to December 2020. In addition, 10 healthy volunteers were enrolled as healthy controls. A cytometric bead array was used to analyze plasma samples for 16 cytokines. A total of 68 plasma samples, including 31 (45.6%) from patients with SFTS and 37 (54.4%) from patients with scrub typhus, were available for cytokine measurement. There were three cytokine expression patterns: increased levels in both SFTS and scrub typhus (interleukin 6 [IL-6], IL-10, interferon gamma induced protein 10 [IP-10], and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor [GM-CSF]), highest levels in SFTS (interferon alpha [IFN-α], IFN-γ, granulocyte-CSF [G-CSF], monocyte chemotactic protein 1 [MCP-1], macrophage inflammatory protein 1α [MIP-1α], and IL-8), and distinct levels in scrub typhus (IL-12p40, tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNFα], IL-1β, regulated on activation and normally T-cell expressed and secreted [RANTES], IL-17A, and vascular endothelial growth factor [VEGF]). Although patients with acute SFTS and scrub typhus exhibited partly shared expression patterns of cytokines related to disease severity, the different profiles of cytokines and chemokines might contribute to higher mortality in SFTS than in scrub typhus. Discrete patterns of helper T cell-related cytokines and VEGF might reflect differences in CD4 T-cell responses and vascular damage between these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Soo Kwon
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun In Hong
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Yeun Kim
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Hee Cha
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Taeeun Kim
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Yoon Park
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Chul Kim
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Yeon Park
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Ho Choi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Won Chung
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Han Kim
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Keerthana SP, Yuvakkumar R, Ravi G, Hong SI, Al-Sehemi AG, Velauthapillai D. Fabrication of Ce doped TiO 2 for efficient organic pollutants removal from wastewater. Chemosphere 2022; 293:133540. [PMID: 34999098 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.133540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Pristine and Ce doped TiO2 nanoparticles were fabricated for toxic pollutants removal from wastewater. Pristine, 2% Ce and 4% Ce doped TiO2 photocatalysts were produced via hydrothermal route. 4% Ce doped TiO2 exhibited 2.41 eV bandgap which is smaller than pure TiO2. The morphology was also investigated and it was established that doping of Ce ions enhanced the surface roughness and reduced the particle size. The surface area was characterized through BET analysis and 4% Ce-TiO2 possess higher surface with large pore diameter which helped the photocatalytic activity. The prepared photocatalysts were investigated on reduction of pollutants from wastewater under visible light. Higher efficiency was obtained for 4% Ce-TiO2 photocatalyst for both model pollutants. The "k" value possessed was also higher for the doped TiO2 catalyst. These analysis reports the optimum level of ceria doping to enhance morphology, surface area and it increased activity than bare TiO2. 4% Ce-TiO2 will be the potential candidate for efficient wastewater management. The 4% Ce doped TiO2 photocatalyst provided 77% and 88% on reducing MB and RhB dyes. The dopant has developed higher surface area, morphology and good recombination rate which reduced the toxic pollutants and changed the wastewater to reuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- S P Keerthana
- Department of Physics, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, 630 003, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - R Yuvakkumar
- Department of Physics, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, 630 003, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - G Ravi
- Department of Physics, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, 630 003, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - S I Hong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | | | - Dhayalan Velauthapillai
- Faculty of Engineering and Science, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, 5063, Norway
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Keerthana SP, Yuvakkumar R, Senthil Kumar P, Ravi G, Hong SI, Velauthapillai D. Investigation of PEG directed Sb 2WO 6 for dyes removal from wastewater. Chemosphere 2022; 291:132677. [PMID: 34715096 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Pristine and polyethylene glycol assisted antimony tungstate (Sb2WO6) was developed via hydrothermal route. The pristine and surfactant assisted Sb2WO6 were further exemplified to reveal the properties of the samples. The bandgap calculated for Sb2WO6, 5 ml PEG- Sb2WO6, 10 ml PEG- Sb2WO6 was 2.78 eV, 2.66 eV and 2.21 eV. The 10 ml PEG assisted sample exhibited narrow bandgap. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra of the samples showed metal vibrations and stretching of the water molecules adsorbed. The Raman spectra showed the vibrational modes present in Sb2WO6. The morphology was analyzed employing transmission electron microscope (TEM) for all samples. Pristine Sb2WO6 showed growth of nanorods with higher dimensions with high agglomeration. 5 ml PEG- Sb2WO6 showed the growth of nanorods with lesser agglomeration. 10 ml PEG assisted Sb2WO6 exhibited distinct growth of nanorods with no agglomeration on the surface. The elemental composition was examined employing X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy. Prepared product photocatalytic behaviour was tested employing Rhodamine B dye degrading. Different catalyst loading were investigated for degrading the toxic pollutants. 0.2 g 10 ml PEG-Sb2WO6 showed 81% efficiency on degrading the toxic pollutant from wastewater. The OH radicals are accountable for photocatalytic behaviour of prepared photocatalyst. The 10 ml PEG-Sb2WO6 has the good reusability behavior and stable properties after three cycles. The prepared 10 ml PEG- Sb2WO6 photocatalyst will be the potential candidate for the remediation of the water treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- S P Keerthana
- Department of Physics, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, 630 003, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - R Yuvakkumar
- Department of Physics, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, 630 003, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - P Senthil Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Chennai, 603110, India; Centre of Excellence in Water Research (CEWAR), Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Chennai, 603110, India.
| | - G Ravi
- Department of Physics, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, 630 003, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S I Hong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Dhayalan Velauthapillai
- Faculty of Engineering and Science, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, 5063, Norway
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Hong SI, Ryu BH, Hong KW, Bae IG, Cho OH. Real World Experience with Regdanvimab Treatment of Mild-to-Moderate Coronavirus Disease-19 in a COVID-19 Designated Hospital of Korea. Infect Chemother 2022; 54:114-124. [PMID: 35384423 PMCID: PMC8987179 DOI: 10.3947/ic.2021.0143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Real-world clinical data concerning regdanvimab, a monoclonal antibody treatment for patients with mild-to-moderate coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), are urgently needed. Here, we describe our experience with regdanvimab. Materials and Methods This retrospective cohort study enrolled high-risk adults with mild-to-moderate COVID-19 who were admitted to a dedicated COVID-19 hospital in Korea from March to September 2021. We used multiple logistic regression and propensity score-matching to compare the outcomes of patients who did or did not receive regdanvimab. The primary outcome was in-hospital progression to severe or critical status, or death. Results Of 586 patients eligible for regdanvimab, 256 patients who received regdanvimab and 251 untreated patients were included. The median age was 66 years and 47.5% were men. The most common underlying illnesses were hypertension (53.8%) and diabetes (36.9%). Patients were admitted to the hospital at a median of 2 days after symptom onset; regdanvimab was administered at a median of 3 days after symptom onset. Multivariate analysis indicated that regdanvimab significantly reduced the risk of disease progression during hospitalization [odds ratio (OR): 0.285; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.144 - 0.564]. In a 1:1 propensity score-matched cohort (172 patients in either group), regdanvimab also decreased the risk of progression (OR: 0.162; 95% CI: 0.068 - 0.386). Conclusion In high-risk patients with mild-to-moderate COVID-19, regdanvimab decreased the risk of progression to severe COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun In Hong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Changwon, Korea
| | - Byung-Han Ryu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Changwon, Korea
| | - Kyung-Wook Hong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju, Korea
| | - In-Gyu Bae
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju, Korea.,Gyeongsang Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju, Korea
| | - Oh-Hyun Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Changwon, Korea.,Gyeongsang Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsangnam-do Masan Medical Center, Changwon, Korea.
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Keerthana SP, Yuvakkumar R, Senthil Kumar P, Ravi G, Hong SI, Velauthapillai D. Investigation of pure and g-C 3N 4 loaded CdWO 4 photocatalytic activity on reducing toxic pollutants. Chemosphere 2022; 291:133090. [PMID: 34856234 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.133090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
A facile synthesis of pristine and g-C3N4 loaded CdWO4 (Cadmium Tungstate) were reported and analyzed the effect of pollutants removal in wastewater. The samples were characterized and the morphology of the pristine sample showed the nanostructures with high cluster of layer formed. While adding PEG (Polyethylene glycol), the surface has exhibited less agglomeration and in g-C3N4 added sample the agglomeration was intensely reduced and nanostructures have been clearly found. Photocatalytic performance on cationic dye was investigated under visible light. The efficiency calculated for g-C3N4- CdWO4 sample was 85% for MB. The C/C0 plot gives better degradation. The kinetic study revealed pseudo first order reaction. The g-C3N4-CdWO4 sample exhibited higher "k" value which proved best efficiency on removing the pollutant. g-C3N4-CdWO4 sample will make better reduction on toxic pollutants and be a good candidate in futuristic applications. By carbon based derivates inclusion with photo active materials, the morphology and surface area was greatly improved and it enhances activity of host material and it will be the promising material for industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- S P Keerthana
- Department of Physics, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, 630 003, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - R Yuvakkumar
- Department of Physics, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, 630 003, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - P Senthil Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Chennai, 603110, India; Centre of Excellence in Water Research (CEWAR), Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Chennai, 603110, India.
| | - G Ravi
- Department of Physics, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, 630 003, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S I Hong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Dhayalan Velauthapillai
- Faculty of Engineering and Science, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, 5063, Norway
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Ryu BH, Hong SI, Lim SJ, Cho Y, Hong KW, Bae IG, Cho OH. Features of COVID-19 Among Children and Adolescents Without Risk Factors Before and After the Delta Variant Outbreak in South Korea. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2022; 41:e34-e35. [PMID: 34773397 PMCID: PMC8658054 DOI: 10.1097/inf.0000000000003394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Byung-Han Ryu
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Changwon
| | - Sun In Hong
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Changwon
| | - Su Jin Lim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsangnam-do Masan Medical Center, Changwon
| | - Younghwa Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea Labour Welfare Corporation Changwon Hospital, Changwon
| | - Kyung-Wook Hong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju
| | - In-Gyu Bae
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju
- Gyeongsang Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Oh-Hyun Cho
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Changwon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju
- Gyeongsang Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju, South Korea
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Ryu BH, Hong SI, Lim SJ, Cho Y, Hwang C, Kang H, Kim SH, Wi YM, Hong KW, Bae IG, Cho OH. Clinical Features of Adult COVID-19 Patients without Risk Factors before and after the Nationwide SARS-CoV-2 B.1.617.2 (Delta)-variant Outbreak in Korea: Experience from Gyeongsangnam-do. J Korean Med Sci 2021; 36:e341. [PMID: 34931500 PMCID: PMC8688347 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2021.36.e341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Data on severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) delta variant virulence are insufficient. We retrospectively compared the clinical features of adult coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients without risk factors for severe COVID-19 who entered residential treatment centers (RTCs) before and after the delta variant outbreak. METHODS We collected medical information from two RTCs in South Korea. On the basis of nationwide delta variant surveillance, we divided the patients into two groups: 1) the delta-minor group (diagnosed from December 2020-June 2021, detection rate < 10%) and 2) the delta-dominant group (diagnosed during August 2021, detection rate > 90%). After propensity-score matching, the incidences of pneumonia, hospital transfer and need for supplemental oxygen were compared between the groups. In addition, risk factors for hospital transfer were analysed. RESULTS A total of 1,915 patients were included. The incidence of pneumonia (14.6% vs. 9.2%, P = 0.009), all-cause hospital transfer (10.4% vs. 6.3%, P = 0.020) and COVID-19-related hospital transfer (7.5% vs. 4.8%, P = 0.081) were higher in the delta-dominant group than those in the delta-minor group. In the multivariate analysis, the delta-dominant group was an independent risk factor for all-cause (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.91; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.16-3.13; P = 0.011) and COVID-19-related hospital transfer (aOR, 1.86; 95% CI, 1.04-3.32; P = 0.036). CONCLUSION Hospitalization rates were increased in the adult COVID-19 patients during the delta variant nationwide outbreak. Our results showed that the delta variant may be more virulent than previous lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung-Han Ryu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Changwon, Korea
| | - Sun In Hong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Changwon, Korea
| | - Su Jin Lim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsangnam-do Masan Medical Center, Changwon, Korea
| | - Younghwa Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea Labour Welfare Corporation Changwon Hospital, Changwon, Korea
| | - Cheolgu Hwang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Busan Medical Center, Busan, Korea
| | - Hyungseok Kang
- Department of Chest Medicine, Masan National Tuberculosis Hospital, Changwon, Korea
| | - Si-Ho Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon, Korea
| | - Yu Mi Wi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon, Korea
| | - Kyung-Wook Hong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju, Korea
| | - In-Gyu Bae
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju, Korea
| | - Oh-Hyun Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Changwon, Korea
- Gyeongsang Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju, Korea.
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10
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Son HJ, Kim T, Lee E, Park SY, Yu S, Hong HL, Kim MC, Hong SI, Bae S, Kim MJ, Kim SH, Yun JH, Jo KM, Lee YM, Lee S, Park JW, Jeon MH, Kim TH, Choo EJ. Risk factors for isolation of multi-drug resistant organisms in coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia: A multicenter study. Am J Infect Control 2021; 49:1256-1261. [PMID: 34146624 PMCID: PMC8251653 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajic.2021.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Superimposed multi-drug resistant organisms (MDROs) co-infection can be associated with worse outcomes in patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), even if these patients were managed with strict airborne and contact precautions. Identifying risk factors for isolation of MDROs is critical to COVID-19 treatment. Methods All eligible adult patients with confirmed COVID-19 pneumonia from 10 hospitals in the Republic of Korea between February 2020 and May 2020 were retrospectively enrolled. Using this cohort, epidemiology and risk factors for isolation of MDROs were evaluated. Results Of 152 patients, 47 with microbial culture results were included. Twenty isolates of MDROs from 13 (28%) patients were cultured. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (5 isolates) was the most common MDRO, followed by methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (4 isolates). MDROs were mostly isolated from sputum samples (80%, 16/20). The median time from hospitalization to MDRO isolation was 28 days (interquartile range, 18-38 days). In-hospital mortality was higher in patients with MDRO isolation (62% vs 15%; P = .001). Use of systemic corticosteroids after diagnosis of COVID-19 (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 15.07; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.34-97.01; P = .004) and long-term care facility (LTCF) stay before diagnosis of COVID-19 (aOR: 6.09; 95% CI: 1.02-36.49; P = .048) were associated with MDRO isolation. Conclusions MDROs were isolated from 28% of COVID-19 pneumonia patients with culture data and 8.6% of the entire cohort. Previous LTCF stay and adjunctive corticosteroid use were risk factors for the isolation of MDROs. Strict infection prevention strategies may be needed in these COVID-19 patients with risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo-Ju Son
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tark Kim
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Bucheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunjung Lee
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Yoon Park
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Shinae Yu
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Lim Hong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Daegu Catholic University Medical Center, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Chul Kim
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sun In Hong
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Korea
| | - Seongman Bae
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Min Jae Kim
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sung-Han Kim
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ji Hyun Yun
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Konkuk University Medical Center, Konkuk University School of Medicine
| | - Kyeong Min Jo
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Inje University Haeundae Paik Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Yu-Mi Lee
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungjae Lee
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Wan Park
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Hyok Jeon
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Hyong Kim
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Ju Choo
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Bucheon, Republic of Korea.
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11
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Wi YM, Lim SJ, Kim SH, Lim S, Lee SJ, Ryu BH, Hong SI, Cho OH, Moon K, Hong KW, Kim S, Bae IG. Response System for and Epidemiological Features of COVID-19 in Gyeongsangnam-do Province in South Korea. Clin Infect Dis 2021; 72:661-667. [PMID: 32672789 PMCID: PMC7454481 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciaa967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The South Korean government has been combating the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak using public information and extensive viral screening. We describe the application of the Korean response system in Gyeongsangnam-do province and outline the epidemiological features of COVID-19 in the cohort. METHODS A Rapid Response Team tracked the patients' activities and identified close contacts. A Patient Management Team made decisions regarding the severity of illness, hospital allocation depending on severity, and time of discharge. A national medical center with 155 beds and 4 university-affiliated hospitals with 48 negative-pressure isolation rooms were dedicated for patients with COVID-19. RESULTS As of 15 April, 17 400 residents were tested, of whom 111 were confirmed positive cases. Of the 111 patients, 78 were cured and discharged, 2 recovered after mechanical ventilation, and none died. One healthcare worker at the national center tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. All 412 staff members at the center were tested, but there were no additional infections. Cough (30.0%) was the most common initial symptom, whereas anosmia and ageusia were the first symptoms in 14.7% and 15.7% of the patients, respectively. Overall, 25 patients (22.5%) reported having no symptoms at admission and 7 (6.3%) remained asymptomatic at discharge. CONCLUSIONS A response system that enabled the early detection of COVID-19 cases, including asymptomatic and presymptomatic cases, and timely quarantine of these patients and their contacts, along with efficient allocation of medical resources, was the key to curbing the COVID-19 outbreak in Gyeongsangnam-do Province.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Mi Wi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Jin Lim
- Department of Pulmonology Diseases, Gyeongsangnam-do Masan Medical Center, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Si-Ho Kim
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungjin Lim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Jin Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Han Ryu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun In Hong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Oh-Hyun Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyunglan Moon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Wook Hong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunjoo Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea.,Gyeongnam Center for Infectious Disease and Prevention, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Gyu Bae
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea
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12
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Byun JH, Kang DH, Kim JW, Kim SH, Moon SH, Yang JH, Jung JJ, Cho OH, Hong SI, Ryu BH, Park HO, Choi JY, Jang IS, Kim JD, Lee CE. Veno-Arterial-Venous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in a Critically Ill Patient with Coronavirus Disease 2019. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 56:medicina56100510. [PMID: 33008007 PMCID: PMC7600367 DOI: 10.3390/medicina56100510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Patients with cardiopulmonary failure may not be fully supported with typical configurations of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), either veno-arterial (VA) or veno-venous (VV). Veno-arterial-venous (VAV)-ECMO is a technique used to support the cardiopulmonary systems during periods of inadequate gas exchange and perfusion. In the severe case of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which simultaneously affects the heart and lung, VAV-ECMO may improve a patient's recovery potential. We report the case of a 72-year-old woman with acute respiratory distress syndrome and circulatory failure following COVID-19, who was treated with VAV-ECMO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joung Hun Byun
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Changwon 51472, Korea; (J.H.B.); (D.H.K.); (J.W.K.); (S.H.K.); (S.H.M.); (J.H.Y.); (J.J.J.)
| | - Dong Hoon Kang
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Changwon 51472, Korea; (J.H.B.); (D.H.K.); (J.W.K.); (S.H.K.); (S.H.M.); (J.H.Y.); (J.J.J.)
| | - Jong Woo Kim
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Changwon 51472, Korea; (J.H.B.); (D.H.K.); (J.W.K.); (S.H.K.); (S.H.M.); (J.H.Y.); (J.J.J.)
| | - Sung Hwan Kim
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Changwon 51472, Korea; (J.H.B.); (D.H.K.); (J.W.K.); (S.H.K.); (S.H.M.); (J.H.Y.); (J.J.J.)
| | - Seong Ho Moon
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Changwon 51472, Korea; (J.H.B.); (D.H.K.); (J.W.K.); (S.H.K.); (S.H.M.); (J.H.Y.); (J.J.J.)
| | - Jun Ho Yang
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Changwon 51472, Korea; (J.H.B.); (D.H.K.); (J.W.K.); (S.H.K.); (S.H.M.); (J.H.Y.); (J.J.J.)
| | - Jae Jun Jung
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Changwon 51472, Korea; (J.H.B.); (D.H.K.); (J.W.K.); (S.H.K.); (S.H.M.); (J.H.Y.); (J.J.J.)
| | - Oh-Hyun Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Changwon 51472, Korea; (O.-H.C.); (S.I.H.); (B.-H.R.)
| | - Sun In Hong
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Changwon 51472, Korea; (O.-H.C.); (S.I.H.); (B.-H.R.)
| | - Byung-Han Ryu
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Changwon 51472, Korea; (O.-H.C.); (S.I.H.); (B.-H.R.)
| | - Hyun Oh Park
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Institute Health Science, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Gyeongsang National University Jinju Hospital, Jinju 52727, Korea; (H.O.P.); (J.Y.C.); (I.S.J.); (J.D.K.)
| | - Jun Young Choi
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Institute Health Science, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Gyeongsang National University Jinju Hospital, Jinju 52727, Korea; (H.O.P.); (J.Y.C.); (I.S.J.); (J.D.K.)
| | - In Seok Jang
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Institute Health Science, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Gyeongsang National University Jinju Hospital, Jinju 52727, Korea; (H.O.P.); (J.Y.C.); (I.S.J.); (J.D.K.)
| | - Jong Duk Kim
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Institute Health Science, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Gyeongsang National University Jinju Hospital, Jinju 52727, Korea; (H.O.P.); (J.Y.C.); (I.S.J.); (J.D.K.)
| | - Chung Eun Lee
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Institute Health Science, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Gyeongsang National University Jinju Hospital, Jinju 52727, Korea; (H.O.P.); (J.Y.C.); (I.S.J.); (J.D.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-55-750-8124
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13
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Ryu BH, Baek EH, Kim DH, Kim SE, Kim HJ, Cho OH, Hong SI, Do HJ, Park CH. Preterm Twins Born to a Mother with Miliary Tuberculosis: Importance of Early Recognition and Prompt Response in Infection Control to Manage Congenital Tuberculosis Exposure in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. Jpn J Infect Dis 2020; 74:97-101. [PMID: 32741929 DOI: 10.7883/yoken.jjid.2020.183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Delayed diagnosis of congenital tuberculosis (TB) in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) is a serious problem in terms of infection control. Here, we report our preemptive infection control activities implemented after the diagnosis of miliary TB in a mother of preterm twins (index twins, NB1 and NB2) in the NICU. In addition, we reviewed previous case reports of congenital TB exposure in the NICU setting. Immediately after diagnosing miliary TB in the mother, the index twins were isolated before their TB diagnosis and received preemptive anti-TB medication; contact investigations were also conducted. Eventually, NB1 was diagnosed with congenital TB at 29 days of age, and NB2 showed no definite evidence of TB. Through contact investigation, 11 of the 16 exposed infants received isoniazid prophylaxis and no positive tuberculin skin test results were obtained after 3 months. One of the 31 exposed healthcare workers showed new interferon-gamma release assay conversion. Moreover, our case showed a much shorter contagious period compared to that in previous reports (8 versus 17-102 days). This suggests that a high index of suspicion and prompt measures can help prevent congenital TB outbreaks and reduce the burden of infection control activities in the NICU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung-Han Ryu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Hwa Baek
- Infection Control Office, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Republic of Korea
| | - Da-Hye Kim
- Infection Control Office, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Eun Kim
- Infection Control Office, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Ju Kim
- Infection Control Office, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Republic of Korea
| | - Oh-Hyun Cho
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun In Hong
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jeong Do
- Department of Pediatrics, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan-Hoo Park
- Department of Pediatrics, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Republic of Korea
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14
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Ryu BH, Cho Y, Cho OH, Hong SI, Kim S, Lee S. Environmental contamination of SARS-CoV-2 during the COVID-19 outbreak in South Korea. Am J Infect Control 2020; 48:875-879. [PMID: 32485273 PMCID: PMC7260524 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajic.2020.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Objectives Although contact precaution is generally recommended in situations where coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is suspected, there is limited evidence on environmental contamination of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Therefore, we conducted environmental surveillance on SARS-CoV-2 contamination in 2 different healthcare settings. Methods Viral contamination was investigated on the environment of 2 hospitals that had admitted 13 COVID-19 patients. In hospital A, 5 patients with pneumonia occupied negative pressure rooms. In hospital B, 8 asymptomatic patients shared 2 common 4-bed rooms. Most rooms were poorly cleaned or disinfected. Environmental swab were collected from inside and outside the rooms and were tested using real-time RT-PCR for the detection of SARS-CoV-2. Results In hospital A, SARS-CoV-2 was detected in 10 of 57 (17.5%) samples from inside the rooms including the Ambu bag and infusion pump. Two samples obtained at more than 2 m from the patients showed positive results. In hospital B, 3 of 22 (13.6%) samples from inside the rooms were positive. Areas outside the rooms, such as the anteroom, corridor, and nursing station, were all negative in both hospitals. Conclusions Hospital surfaces surrounding patients were contaminated by SARS-CoV-2. Our findings support the value of strict contact precaution, routine cleaning, and disinfection in the management of COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung-Han Ryu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Changwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Younghwa Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea Labour Welfare Corporation Changwon Hospital, Changwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Oh-Hyun Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Changwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun In Hong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Changwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunjoo Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Changwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungjun Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Changwon, Republic of Korea.
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15
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Park KH, Jung M, Kim DY, Lee YM, Lee MS, Ryu BH, Hong SI, Hong KW, Bae IG, Cho OH. Effects of subinhibitory concentrations of chlorhexidine and mupirocin on biofilm formation in clinical meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. J Hosp Infect 2020; 106:295-302. [PMID: 32679053 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2020.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effects of subinhibitory concentrations (sub-MICs) of antibacterial agents on the biofilm-forming ability of Staphylococcus aureus require further study. AIM To investigate the effects of sub-MICs of chlorhexidine and mupirocin on biofilm formation in clinical meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates. METHODS MRSA isolates were collected from patients with bloodstream infections at a tertiary care hospital. The basal level of biofilm formation and biofilm induction by sub-MICs of chlorhexidine and mupirocin were evaluated by measuring biofilm mass stained with Crystal Violet. FINDINGS Of the 112 MRSA isolates tested, 63 (56.3%) and 44 (39.3%) belonged to sequence type (ST)5 and ST72 lineages, respectively, which are the predominant healthcare- and community-associated clones in South Korea. ST5 isolates were more likely to have chlorhexidine MIC ≥4 (73.0% vs 29.5%), resistance to mupirocin (23.8% vs 0%), agr dysfunction (73.0% vs 9.1%), and qacA/B gene (58.7% vs 2.3%) compared to ST72 isolates. The basal level of biofilm formation ability was frequently stronger in ST72 isolates compared to ST5 isolates (77.3% vs 12.7%). Sub-MICs of chlorhexidine and mupirocin promoted biofilm formation in 56.3% and 53.6%, respectively, of all isolates. Biofilm induction was more prevalent in ST5 isolates (85.7% for chlorhexidine, 69.8% for mupirocin) than in ST72 isolates (15.9% for chlorhexidine, 27.3% for mupirocin). CONCLUSION Sub-MICs of chlorhexidine and mupirocin promoted biofilm formation in half of the clinical MRSA isolates. Our results suggest that ST5 MRSA biofilm can be induced together with some other bacterial virulent factors following exposure to chlorhexidine, which might confer a survival advantage to this clone in the healthcare environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- K-H Park
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - M Jung
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - D Y Kim
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Y-M Lee
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - M S Lee
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - B-H Ryu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Changwon, Republic of Korea
| | - S I Hong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Changwon, Republic of Korea
| | - K-W Hong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - I-G Bae
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju, Republic of Korea; Gyeongsang Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - O-H Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Changwon, Republic of Korea; Gyeongsang Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju, Republic of Korea.
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16
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Hong KW, Cheon YH, Moon K, Hong SI, Ryu BH, Cho OH, Bae IG. Comparison of the clinical characteristics and outcomes of bloodstream infections caused by Raoultella species and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Infect Dis (Lond) 2020; 52:489-497. [DOI: 10.1080/23744235.2020.1758764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Wook Hong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Hong Cheon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyunglan Moon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun In Hong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Changwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Han Ryu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Changwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Oh-Hyun Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Changwon, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Gyu Bae
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju, Republic of Korea
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Hong SI, Ryu BH, Chong YP, Lee S, Kim S, Kim HC, Hong KW, Bae IG, Cho OH. Five severe COVID-19 pneumonia patients treated with triple combination therapy with lopinavir/ritonavir, hydroxychloroquine, and interferon β-1b. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2020; 56:106052. [PMID: 32544570 PMCID: PMC7293467 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.106052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sun In Hong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Changwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Han Ryu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Changwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Pil Chong
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungjun Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Changwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunjoo Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Changwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Cheol Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Changwon, Republic of Korea; Gyeongsang Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Wook Hong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Gyu Bae
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju, Republic of Korea; Gyeongsang Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Oh-Hyun Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Changwon, Republic of Korea; Gyeongsang Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju, Republic of Korea.
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Baek EH, Kim SE, Kim DH, Cho OH, Hong SI, Kim S. The difference in hand hygiene compliance rate between unit-based observers and trained observers for World Health Organization checklist and optimal hand hygiene. Int J Infect Dis 2020; 90:197-200. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2019.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
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In Hong S, You S, Ryu BH, Hong KW, Cho OH, Bae IG. 1165. Risk Factors for Bloodstream Infections During Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO). Open Forum Infect Dis 2019. [PMCID: PMC6809363 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofz360.1028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although bloodstream infections (BSIs) are important complications of ECMO, data on clinical characteristics of ECMO-associated BSIs remain limited. This study aimed to investigate clinical characteristics of ECMO-associated BSIs and evaluate the role of routine active surveillance cultures (ASCs) in predicting subsequent BSIs. Methods We reviewed the medical records of adult patients who received ECMO for >48 hours in 2 teaching hospitals between January 2013 and March 2019. ECMO-associated BSIs were defined as bacteremia occurring from 48 hours after ECMO initiation. ASCs for multidrug-resistant organisms were obtained from nasal, axillary, inguinal, and rectal swabs when patients were admitted to the ICUs. Results Overall, 28 of 110 (25.4%) patients had BSIs within the median 7 days after ECMO initiation. Table 1 shows the clinical characteristics of patients with ECMO-associated BSIs. Among BSI cases, the most common pathogens were Candida spp. (25%). Longer ECMO days (P < 0.01), steroid use (P = 0.02), and more blood transfusions (P < 0.01) were associated with BSIs. However, there was no association between the results of ASCs and subsequent pathogens of BSIs. Conclusion BSIs during ECMO were associated with longer ECMO duration, steroid use and blood transfusion. The pathogens of BSIs could not be related to ASCs. ![]()
Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun In Hong
- Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Changwon, Kyongsang-namdo, Republic of Korea
| | - Shinae You
- Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, Cheonan, Ch’ungch’ong-namdo, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Han Ryu
- Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Changwon, Kyongsang-namdo, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Wook Hong
- Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Korea, Jinju, Kyongsang-namdo, Republic of Korea
| | - Oh-Hyun Cho
- Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Changwon, Kyongsang-namdo, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Gyu Bae
- Gyeongsang University Hospital, Jinju, Kyongsang-namdo, Republic of Korea
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Maheswari RU, Yuvakkumar R, Ravi G, Hong SI. Organic Datura metel Leaf Extract Mediated Inorganic Rare Earth La₂O₃ Nanocrystals Formation. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2019; 19:4033-4038. [PMID: 30764966 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2019.16303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Development of sustainable synthesis of La₂O₃ nanocrystals formation employing Datura metel leaf extract was explored. The obtained nanocrystals were analyzed employing XRD, Raman, PL, FTIR, XPS and TEM characterizations. With increasing incubation and aging, the transformation of La(OH)₃ to LaOOH and metal ellagate complex formation to La₂O₃ nanocrystals formation was observed. The obtained XRD results clearly revealed the transformation of lanthanum hydroxide to lanthanum oxide hydroxide and then to lanthanum oxide nanocrystals formation with 1, 4 and days. The influence of incubation and aging on La₂O₃ nanocrystals formation was discussed. Datura metel leaf extract product mixture over a period of incubation formed pure hexagonal lanthanum oxide nanocrystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Uma Maheswari
- Department of Biochemistry, Madurai Medical College, Government Rajaji Hospital, Madurai 625020, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - R Yuvakkumar
- Department of Nanomaterials Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 305-764, South Korea
| | - G Ravi
- Nanomaterials Laboratory, Department of Physics, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630003, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S I Hong
- Department of Nanomaterials Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 305-764, South Korea
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21
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Hong SI, Suh YS, Kim HO, Bae IG, Shin JH, Cho OH. Successful Treatment of Catheter Related Blood Stream Infection By Millerozyma farinosa with Micafungin: A Case Report. Infect Chemother 2019; 50:362-366. [PMID: 30600661 PMCID: PMC6312903 DOI: 10.3947/ic.2018.50.4.362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Millerozyma farinosa (formerly Pichia farinosa) is halotolerant yeast mainly found in food and ubiquitous in the environment. It was a rare yeast pathogen, but it has recently emerged as a cause of fungemia in immunocompromised patients. Optimal therapy for invasive fungal infection by this pathogen remains unclear. We report a case of catheter related blood stream infection caused by M. farinosa in a 71-year-old patient who recovered successfully after removal of the central venous catheter and treatment with micafungin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun In Hong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Changwon, Korea
| | - Young Sun Suh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Changwon, Korea
| | - Hyun Ok Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Changwon, Korea
| | - In Gyu Bae
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Korea
| | - Jong Hee Shin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Oh Hyun Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Changwon, Korea.
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Hong J, Jang OJ, Bak MH, Baek EH, Park KH, Hong SI, Cho OH, Bae IG. Management of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii epidemic in an intensive care unit using multifaceted intervention strategy. Korean J Intern Med 2018; 33:1000-1007. [PMID: 29172401 PMCID: PMC6129627 DOI: 10.3904/kjim.2016.323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS We evaluated the effects of a multifaceted intervention for controlling a carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) epidemic in an intensive care unit (ICU) with no restrictions on carbapenem use. METHODS This study was conducted in a medical ICU between April 2012 and June 2016. The baseline infection control programs included surveillance cultures, contact precautions, and environmental cleaning. However, increases in the detection of CRAB isolates beginning in May 2013 led to the implementation of a new protocol, consisting of universal glove and gown use with daily chlorhexidine bathing for all patients in combination with baseline programs. The efficacy of the intervention was subjected to interrupted time series (ITS) analysis. RESULTS The multifaceted intervention led to a decrease in the incidence of CRAB from 17.65 to 0.89 cases per 1,000 patient-days, during the study period (p < 0.001). ITS analysis revealed a significant change in the trend of CRAB incidence (-0.413, p < 0.001). Over this same period, mean monthly use of carbapenems increased from 143.54 ± 95.73 to 204.95 ± 78.43 doses per 1,000 patient-days (p = 0.018). CONCLUSION Our multifaceted intervention reduced the incidence of CRAB acquisition in an ICU where carbapenem use was not restricted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeongmin Hong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Korea
| | - Ok Jeom Jang
- Infection Control Office, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Korea
| | - Mi Hui Bak
- Infection Control Office, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Korea
| | - Eun Hwa Baek
- Infection Control Office, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Korea
| | - Ki-Ho Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sun In Hong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Changwon, Korea
| | - Oh-Hyun Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Korea
- Infection Control Office, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Korea
- Correspondence to Oh-Hyun Cho, M.D. Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, 79 Gangnam-ro, Jinju 52727, Korea Tel: +82-55-750-8745 Fax: +82-55-755-9078 E-mail:
| | - In-Gyu Bae
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Korea
- Infection Control Office, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Changwon, Korea
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Cho OH, Park KH, Song JY, Hong JM, Kim T, Hong SI, Kim S, Bae IG. Prevalence and Microbiological Characteristics of qacA/B-Positive Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolates in a Surgical Intensive Care Unit. Microb Drug Resist 2017; 24:283-289. [PMID: 28799881 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2017.0072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing use of chlorhexidine for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) decolonization has raised concerns about the emergence of resistance to or tolerance of this antiseptic. We examined the frequency and characteristics of qacA/B chlorhexidine tolerance genes among MRSA isolates in a surgical intensive care unit (ICU) where MRSA-colonized patients are decolonized by chlorhexidine bathing. The MRSA isolates were evaluated for chlorhexidine susceptibility, mupirocin resistance, molecular typing, agr functionality, and the heterogeneous vancomycin-intermediate S. aureus (hVISA) phenotype according to the presence of the qacA/B genes. Overall, 119 MRSA isolates were obtained from active surveillance cultures (93, 78.2%) and clinical cultures (26, 21.8%) between 2012 and 2014. Among these isolates, 39 (32.8%) carried the qacA/B genes, and 23 (19.3%) exhibited mupirocin resistance. Most qacA/B-positive isolates (36/39, 92.3%) were identified as ST5-SCCmecII (69.2%) and ST239-SCCmecIII (23.1%), which are common healthcare-associated (HA)-MRSA strains in Korea. Multivariate analysis found that qacA/B-positive MRSA isolates were associated with agr dysfunction (OR, 4.87; 95% CI, 1.71-13.87) and the hVISA phenotype (OR, 4.09; 95% CI, 1.48-11.34). In conclusion, our study showed that qacA/B carriage was common among MRSA isolates in an ICU where chlorhexidine is commonly used for decolonization. qacA/B carriage was significantly associated with agr dysfunction and the hVISA phenotype. These features may confer a selective advantage on HA-MRSA strains, including ST5-SCCmecII and ST239-SCCmecIII, in the ICU setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oh-Hyun Cho
- 1 Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine , Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Ho Park
- 2 Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine , Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Young Song
- 1 Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine , Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Min Hong
- 1 Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine , Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Taeeun Kim
- 1 Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine , Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun In Hong
- 3 Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital , Changwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunjoo Kim
- 4 Department of Laboratory Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine , Jinju, Republic of Korea.,5 Gyeongsang Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine , Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Gyu Bae
- 1 Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine , Jinju, Republic of Korea.,5 Gyeongsang Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine , Jinju, Republic of Korea
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Won YY, Park JS, Choi SJ, Hong SI. A novel flexible drill device enabling arthroscopic transosseous repair of Bankart lesions. Orthop Traumatol Surg Res 2017; 103:499-504. [PMID: 28359839 DOI: 10.1016/j.otsr.2017.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2016] [Revised: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED We have developed a flexible drill device that makes arthroscopic transosseous repair possible, and report preliminary results. Twelve patients with post-traumatic anterior inferior glenohumeral instability were selected. SURGICAL TECHNIQUE the flexible drill device is inserted into the shoulder joint through the posterior portal and the guide pipe unit is placed 5mm posterior to the margin of the anterior glenoid rim. The flexible drill is driven through the glenoid with the power drill, creating a hole in the glenoid. A non-absorbable suture is passed through the hole and a sliding knot tying is performed over the capsule and labrum after completing stitches with the suture hook loaded. The same procedures are repeated in the 2, 3 and 4 o'clock positions of the glenoid. There was no recurrence of dislocation at the mean follow-up period of 52.3 months. The mean Rowe score was 89.5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y-Y Won
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - J S Park
- Hallym university, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, 07441 Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - S J Choi
- Hallym university, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, 07441 Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - S I Hong
- Hallym university, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, 07441 Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Hong SI, Kim T, Jung J, Park SY, Chong YP, Lee SO, Choi SH, Kim YS, Woo JH, Lee SA, Kim SH. Tuberculous Meningitis-Mimicking Varicella-Zoster Meningitis. Infect Chemother 2017; 49:123-129. [PMID: 28681577 PMCID: PMC5500267 DOI: 10.3947/ic.2017.49.2.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) is one of the most common etiologies of aseptic meningitis. The severest manifestation of VZV meningitis is occasionally confused with tuberculous meningitis (TBM). Thus, we investigated the clinical manifestations of VZV meningitis as compared with those of TBM. Materials and Methods All adult patients who were diagnosed with VZV meningitis or TBM were enrolled at a tertiary hospital in Seoul, South Korea, during an 8-year period. The clinical characteristics and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) profile of patients were analyzed. Results Seventy-nine patients with VZV meningitis and 24 patients with TBM were enrolled in this study. Of the 79 patients with VZV meningitis, 63 (80%) did not received empirical anti-tuberculous therapy (Group 1) and the remaining 16 (20%) received empirical anti-tuberculous therapy (Group 2), compared with 24 patients with TBM (Group 3). Altered mental status, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, neurologic sequelae, CSF protein levels, and CSF adenosine deaminase levels revealed a trend of being higher in Group 3 than Group 2, which was higher than Group 1. However, the CSF/serum glucose ratio was significantly lower in Group 3 than in Group 1 or Group 2. Conclusion About one fifth of VZV meningitis cases presented as severe manifestations, mimicking TBM. The CSF/serum glucose ratio might be useful to differentiate VZV meningitis from TBM until definite diagnostic tests are available. Physicians should keep in mind that a differential diagnosis between severe VZV meningitis and TBM is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun In Hong
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Changwon, Korea
| | - Taeeun Kim
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Korea
| | - Jiwon Jung
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Se Yoon Park
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong Pil Chong
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Oh Lee
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Ho Choi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yang Soo Kim
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jun Hee Woo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Ahm Lee
- Department of Neurology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Han Kim
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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Hong SI, Jang YR, Kim MC, Kim T, Park SY, Chong YP, Lee SO, Choi SH, Kim YS, Woo JH, Lee SA, Kim SH. Tuberculous Meningitis-Mimicking Varicella-Zoster Meningitis. Open Forum Infect Dis 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofw172.892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sun In Hong
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Changwon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Changwon, South Korea
| | | | | | - Taeeun Kim
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Se Yoon Park
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yong Pil Chong
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Oh Lee
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Ho Choi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yang Soo Kim
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Hee Woo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Ahm Lee
- Department of Neurology, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Han Kim
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Hong SI, Kim T, Park SY, Jung J, Lee JY, Chong YP, Sung H, Lee SO, Choi SH, Kim YS, Woo JH, Kim SH. Sensitivity of the Cytomegalovirus Antigenemia Assay to Diagnose Cytomegalovirus Retinitis. Infect Chemother 2016; 48:302-308. [PMID: 27883376 PMCID: PMC5204009 DOI: 10.3947/ic.2016.48.4.302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis is one of the most important tissue-invasive CMV diseases in immunocompromised patients. Since 1980, non-invasive diagnostic methods, notably the CMV antigenemia assay, have been widely used as adjunct tests to diagnose tissue-invasive CMV diseases. However, there are limited data on the diagnostic value of the CMV antigenemia assay for diagnosing CMV retinitis. Materials and Methods We performed a retrospective review of all cases of CMV retinitis at Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea over a 9-year period. The diagnosis of CMV retinitis was made by experienced ophthalmologists according to medical history and an ophthalmoscopic appearance of typical retinopathy, together with absence of an alternative diagnosis. Results We analyzed 44 patients with CMV retinitis (affecting 57 eyes) for whom the CMV antigenemia assay was performed. Of the 44 patients, 31 (70%) were HIV-uninfected and 13 (30%) were HIV-infected. The overall sensitivity of the CMV antigenemia assay was 66% (95% confidence interval [CI] 50–80%). The test’s sensitivity showed a non-significant trend towards being higher in HIV-infected patients than in HIV-uninfected patients (sensitivity 85% vs 58%, respectively, P = 0.16). In a subgroup analysis of the 35 patients without other concurrent tissue-invasive CMV disease, the sensitivity of the CMV antigenemia assay was 57% (95% CI 40–74%). Conclusions The CMV antigenemia assay has limited value as a non-invasive diagnostic adjunct test for CMV retinitis. Therefore, the results of the assay need to be interpreted in the context of underlying disease, clinical presentation, and ophthalmoscopic findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun In Hong
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Changwon, Korea.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Taeeun Kim
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Se Yoon Park
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jiwon Jung
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Joo Yong Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong Phil Chong
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Heungsup Sung
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Oh Lee
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Ho Choi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yang Soo Kim
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jun Hee Woo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Han Kim
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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Yuvakkumar R, Hong SI. Structural and toxic effect investigation of vanadium pentoxide. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl 2016; 65:419-24. [PMID: 27157769 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.04.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2015] [Revised: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A facile inorganic complex synthesis route has been developed to synthesis V2O5 nanostructures. The effects of varying incubation time on the crystallinity and morphology of the V2O5 phase has been investigated. The obtained XRD result clearly revealed the pure orthorhombic V2O5 crystalline phase. Raman antiphase bridging VO and chaining VO stretching modes peaks at 686 and 521cm(-1) attributed orthorhombic V2O5 characteristics. The V2p3/2 peak at the binding energies of 517eV and V2p1/2 peak at 524eV assigned to V(5+) oxidation state. Bioinspired V2O5 nanostructures as a biocompatible material for anticancer agents show excellent cytotoxicity at higher V2O5 concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Yuvakkumar
- Nanomaterials Laboratory, Department of Physics, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630 004, Tamil Nadu, India; Department of Nanomaterials Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, South Korea.
| | - S I Hong
- Department of Nanomaterials Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, South Korea.
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Kim T, Hong SI, Park SY, Jung J, Chong YP, Kim SH, Lee SO, Kim YS, Woo JH, Lim YS, Sung H, Kim MN, Choi SH. Clinical Features and Outcomes of Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis Caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae: A Matched Case-Control Study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95:e3796. [PMID: 27258513 PMCID: PMC4900721 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000003796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae is a well-known cause of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) in cirrhotic patients. However, little information is available regarding clinical characteristics and outcomes of SBP caused by S. pneumoniae. It has been suggested that spontaneous pneumococcal peritonitis (SPP) often spreads hematogenously from concomitant pneumococcal pneumonia, and is associated with a higher rate of mortality.During the period between January 1997 and December 2013, 50 SPP cases were identified. These cases were then age/sex-matched with 100 patients with SBP due to causes other than S. pneumoniae (controls).SPP accounted for 4.3% (50/1172) of all culture-proven SBPs. The baseline Child-Pugh class, etiology of cirrhosis, and model for end-stage liver disease scores were comparable for the 2 groups. SPP patients were more likely than control patients to have a community-acquired infection (90.0% vs. 76.0%; P = 0.04), concurrent bacteremia (84.0% vs. 59.0%; P = 0.002), and to present with variceal bleeding (10.0% vs. 1.0%; P = 0.02). None of the study patients had pneumococcal pneumonia. The most common initial empirical therapy for both groups was third-generation cephalosporins (96.0% vs. 91.0%; P = 0.34) which was active against a significantly higher proportion of the cases than of the controls (97.8% vs. 78.7%; P = 0.003). Thirty-day mortality was significantly lower in the case group than in the control group (10.0% vs. 24.0%; P = 0.04).SPP was not associated with pneumococcal pneumonia and showed lower mortality than SBP caused by other organisms. However, the present study was constrained by the natural limitations characteristic of a small, retrospective study. Therefore, large-scale, well-controlled studies are required to demonstrate the influence of SPP on mortality, which was marginal in the present study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taeeun Kim
- From the Department of Infectious Diseases (TK, SIH, SYP, JJ, YPC, S-HK, S-OL, YSK, JHW, S-HC); Department of Gastroenterology (Y-SL); and Department of Laboratory Medicine (HS, M-NK), Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Kang YM, Choi JH, Lee MJ, Ahn A, Park CJ, Chang K, Seo S, Hong SI, Kim MS. Multiple myeloma in a patient with acromegaly. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul) 2015; 30:110-5. [PMID: 25491781 PMCID: PMC4384674 DOI: 10.3803/enm.2015.30.1.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Revised: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 07/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Acromegaly is a slowly progressing condition resulting from excess growth hormone (GH), generally caused by a GH-secreting pituitary adenoma. Cancer is the third most common cause of mortality in patients with acromegaly, and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) is known to influence tumor formation by increasing cell proliferation and inhibiting apoptosis. Multiple myeloma (MM) is a plasma cell neoplasm, and previous studies have suggested the possible role of IGF-1 in its development of MM. However, no cases of acromegaly accompanied with MM have been reported in Asia to date. We here report the case of a 58-year-old woman with acromegaly accompanied with MM who presented with longstanding acromegalic manifestations resulting from a GH-secreting pituitary adenoma and also exhibited anemia, a reversed albumin/globulin ratio, and plasmacytosis on bone marrow examination. Because IGF-1 has been suggested to play an important role in the development and progression of MM, the patient promptly underwent surgical removal of the pituitary adenoma via a transsphenoidal approach. Since there is currently no consensus on therapeutic guidelines and suggested prognosis for MM with acromegaly, long-term follow-up of such cases is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Mi Kang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong Han Choi
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min Jung Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ari Ahn
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chan Jeoung Park
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kiju Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seyoung Seo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sun In Hong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min Seon Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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Kim SH, Kim MY, Hong SI, Jung J, Lee HJ, Yun SC, Lee SO, Choi SH, Kim YS, Woo JH. Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis-mimicking Tuberculosis. Clin Infect Dis 2015; 61:9-17. [PMID: 25778752 DOI: 10.1093/cid/civ216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulmonary tuberculosis is occasionally confused with invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) in transplant recipients, since clinical suspicion and early diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis and IPA rely heavily on imaging modes such as computed tomography (CT). We therefore investigated IPA-mimicking tuberculosis in transplant recipients. METHODS All adult transplant recipients who developed tuberculosis or IPA at a tertiary hospital in an intermediate tuberculosis-burden country during a 6-year period were enrolled. First, we tested whether experienced radiologists could differentiate pulmonary tuberculosis from IPA. Second, we determined which radiologic findings could help us differentiate them. RESULTS During the study period, 28 transplant recipients developed pulmonary tuberculosis after transplantation, and 80 patients developed IPA after transplantation. Two experienced radiologists scored blindly 28 tuberculosis and 50 randomly selected IPA cases. The sensitivities of radiologists A and B for IPA were 78% and 68%, respectively (poor agreement, kappa value = 0.25). The sensitivities of radiologists A and B for tuberculosis were 64% and 61%, respectively (excellent agreement, kappa value = 0.77). We then compared the CT findings of the 28 patients with tuberculosis and 80 patients with IPA. Infarct-shaped consolidations and smooth bronchial wall thickening were more frequent in IPA, and mass-shaped consolidations and centrilobular nodules (<10 mm, clustered) were more frequent in tuberculosis. CONCLUSIONS Certain CT findings appear to be helpful in differentiating between IPA and tuberculosis. Nevertheless, the CT findings of about one-third of pulmonary tuberculosis cases in transplant recipients are very close to those of IPA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Sung-Cheol Yun
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Yun JH, Sung H, Kim T, Hong SI, Chong YP, Kim SH, Choi SH, Kim YS, Woo JH, Lee SO. Comparison of the clinical characteristics of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and nontuberculous mycobacteria patients with joint involvement. Infection 2015; 43:207-9. [PMID: 25623639 DOI: 10.1007/s15010-015-0731-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) joint involvement is rare. However, the incidence of NTM disease is increasing and it is difficult to distinguish NTM from Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). Here, the clinical characteristics of NTM joint involvement were compared with those of MTB. Distal joint involvement and precipitating factors were significantly more frequent for NTM joint infections. Because pathologic findings of NTM and MTB were similar, microbiological investigations are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Yun
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 138-736, Republic of Korea
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Jung J, Hong SI, Yu S, Kim YK, Lee JY, Lee SO, Choi SH, Kim YS, Woo JH, Kim SH. 1463Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome (IRIS) in Neutropenic Patients with Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis (IPA) during Neutrophil Recovery. Open Forum Infect Dis 2014. [PMCID: PMC5781930 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofu052.1009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jiwon Jung
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sun In Hong
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Shinae Yu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yong Kyun Kim
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ju-Young Lee
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sang-Oh Lee
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sang-Ho Choi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yang Soo Kim
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jun Hee Woo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sung-Han Kim
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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Lee JY, Hong SI, Kim YK, Yu S, Jung J, Kim SM, Park SJ, Kim MN, Lee SO, Choi SH, Kim YS, Woo JH, Kim SH. 1686A Rapid and Non-Invasive 2-Step Algorithm for Diagnosing Tuberculous Peritonitis Using T Cell-Based Assays on Peripheral Blood and Peritoneal Fluid Mononuclear Cells and Peritoneal Fluid Adenosine Deaminase. Open Forum Infect Dis 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofu052.1232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ju Young Lee
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sun In Hong
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yong Kyun Kim
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Shinae Yu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jiwon Jung
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sun-Mi Kim
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Su-Jin Park
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Mi-Na Kim
- Laboratory Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sang-Oh Lee
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sang-Ho Choi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yang Soo Kim
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jun Hee Woo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sung-Han Kim
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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Ahn JH, Kang BJ, Hong SI, Lee JS, Lee JS, Oh YM, Lee SD. Clinical characteristics and survival of Korean idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension patients based on vasoreactivity. J Korean Med Sci 2014; 29:1665-71. [PMID: 25469067 PMCID: PMC4248588 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2014.29.12.1665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to identify a vasoreactive subset of patients with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH) in Korea and to show their clinical characteristics and prognosis. Data on patients who were diagnosed with IPAH at Asan Medical Center between January 1994 and March 2013 were retrospectively collected. Acute vasodilator testing was performed with inhaled nitric oxide during diagnostic right heart catheterization. A positive acute response was defined as a reduction in mean pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP) ≥10 mmHg to an absolute level of mean PAP <40 mmHg without a decrease in cardiac output. Among a total of 60 IPAH patients included for analysis, 9 (15%) showed a positive acute response to acute vasodilator testing. Acute responders showed significantly lower peak velocity of a tricuspid regurgitation jet on echocardiography (4.1±0.3 m/s vs. 4.6±0.6 m/s; P=0.01) and significantly lower mean PAP hemodynamically (47±10 mmHg vs. 63±17 mmHg; P=0.003) than non-responders at baseline. The survival rate of acute responders was 88% at 1, 3, 5, and 10 yr, respectively, which was significantly higher than that of non-responders (85%, 71%, 55%, and 40%, respectively; P=0.029). In conclusion, Korean IPAH patients with vasoreactivity showed better baseline hemodynamic features and survival than those without vasoreactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jee Hwan Ahn
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byung Ju Kang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sun In Hong
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Su Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Seung Lee
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
- Center for Pulmonary Hypertension and Venous Thromboembolism, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yeon-Mok Oh
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang-Do Lee
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
- Center for Pulmonary Hypertension and Venous Thromboembolism, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
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Ahn JH, Hong SI, Cho DH, Chae EJ, Song JS, Song JW. A Case of IgG4-Related Lung Disease Presenting as Interstitial Lung Disease. Tuberc Respir Dis (Seoul) 2014; 77:85-9. [PMID: 25237380 PMCID: PMC4165665 DOI: 10.4046/trd.2014.77.2.85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Revised: 05/13/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Intrathoracic involvement of immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4)-related disease has recently been reported. However, a subset of the disease presenting as interstitial lung disease is rare. Here, we report a case of a 35-year-old man with IgG4-related lung disease with manifestations similar to those of interstitial lung disease. Chest computed tomography showed diffuse ground glass opacities and rapidly progressive pleural and subpleural fibrosis in both upper lobes. Histological findings showed diffuse interstitial lymphoplasmacytic infiltration with an increased number of IgG4-positive plasma cells. Serum levels of IgG and IgG4 were also increased. The patient was diagnosed with IgG4-related lung disease, treated with anti-inflammatory agents, and showed improvement. Lung involvement of IgG4-related disease can present as interstitial lung disease and, therefore, should be differentiated when evaluating interstitial lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jee Hwan Ahn
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sun In Hong
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong Hui Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Jin Chae
- Department of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joon Seon Song
- Department of Pathology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Woo Song
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
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Yuvakkumar R, Suresh J, Nathanael AJ, Sundrarajan M, Hong SI. Novel green synthetic strategy to prepare ZnO nanocrystals using rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) peel extract and its antibacterial applications. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl 2014; 41:17-27. [PMID: 24907732 DOI: 10.1016/j.matlet.2014.04.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2013] [Revised: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
In the present investigation, we report a sustainable novel green synthetic strategy to synthesis zinc oxide nanocrystals. This is the first report on sustainable biosynthesis of zinc oxide nanocrystals employing Nephelium lappaceum L., peel extract as a natural ligation agent. Green synthesis of zinc oxide nanocrystals was carried out via zinc-ellagate complex formation using rambutan peel wastes. The successful formation of zinc oxide nanocrystals was confirmed employing standard characterisation studies. A possible mechanism for the formation of ZnO nanocrystals with rambutan peel extract was also proposed. The prepared ZnO nanocrystals were coated on the cotton fabric and their antibacterial activity were analyzed. ZnO nanocrystals coated cotton showed good antibacterial activity towards Escherichia coli (E. coli), gram negative bacteria and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), gram positive bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Yuvakkumar
- Department of Nanomaterials Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 305-764, South Korea
| | - J Suresh
- Advanced Green Chemistry Lab, Department of Industrial Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Alagappa University, Karaikudi - 630 003, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - A Joseph Nathanael
- Department of Nano, Medical and Polymer Materials, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 712-749, South Korea
| | - M Sundrarajan
- Advanced Green Chemistry Lab, Department of Industrial Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Alagappa University, Karaikudi - 630 003, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - S I Hong
- Department of Nanomaterials Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 305-764, South Korea.
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Hong SI, Lee YM, Park KH, Kim SH. Is the sensitivity of the QuantiFERON-TB gold in-tube test lower than that of T-SPOT.TB in patients with miliary tuberculosis? Clin Infect Dis 2014; 59:142. [PMID: 24729500 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciu248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sun In Hong
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul
| | - Yu-Mi Lee
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan
| | - Ki-Ho Park
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Han Kim
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul
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Hong SI, Hong SK, Wallace JM, Kohn DH. Ultrastructural observation of electron irradiation damage of lamellar bone. J Mater Sci Mater Med 2009; 20:959-965. [PMID: 19034616 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-008-3651-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2008] [Accepted: 11/03/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The ultrastructure of murine femoral lamellar bone and the effect of electron irradiation (200 kV) on collagen and mineral features were investigated using in situ high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). Bands of collagen fibrils were mostly aligned parallel to the long axis of the bones, with some bands of fibrils inclined in longitudinal sections. The similarity of the ultrastructure between the longitudinal and transverse sections supports the rotated plywood structure of the lamellar bone. The collagen fibrils appeared damaged and the mineral crystals were coarsened after electron irradiation. Continuous diffraction rings became spotty and the contrast between rings and the background became sharper, further suggesting coarsening of apatite crystals and increased crystallinity after irradiation. No new phases were observed after irradiation. Both the damage to collagen and coarsening of apatite crystals can deteriorate the strength and integrity of bone, and may provide insight into fracture in patients who have undergone radiation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- S I Hong
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-1078, USA.
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Park YG, Wey MY, Hong SI. Enhanced wear and fatigue properties of Ti-6Al-4V alloy modified by plasma carburizing/CrN coating. J Mater Sci Mater Med 2007; 18:925-31. [PMID: 17143738 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-006-0014-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2005] [Accepted: 12/29/2005] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a newly developed duplex coating method incorporating plasma carburization and CrN coating was applied to Ti-6Al-4V and its effects on the wear resistance and fatigue life were investigated. The carburized layer with approximately150 microm in depth and CrN coating film with 7.5 microm in thickness were formed after duplex coating. Hard carbide particles such as TiC And V(4)C(3) were formed in the carburized layer. XRD diffraction pattern analysis revealed that CrN film had predominant [111] and [200] textures. The hardness (Hv) was significantly improved up to about 1,960 after duplex coating while the hardness value of original Ti-6Al-4V was 402. The threshold load for the modification and/or failure of CrN coating was measured to be 32 N using the acoustic emission technique. The wear resistance and fatigue life of duplex-coated Ti-6Al-4V improved significantly compared to those of un-treated specimen. The enhanced wear resistance can be attributed to the excellent adhesion and improved hardness of CrN coating film for the duplex-coated Ti-6Al-4V. The initiation of fatigue cracks is likely to be retarded by the presence of hard and strong layers on the surface, resulting in the enhanced fatigue life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y G Park
- Department of Materials Engineering, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
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Kang SW, Park CH, Hong SI, Kim SW. Production of penicillic acid by Aspergillus sclerotiorum CGF. Bioresour Technol 2007; 98:191-7. [PMID: 16458001 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2005.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2004] [Revised: 11/21/2005] [Accepted: 11/24/2005] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The production of penicillic acid by Aspergillus sclerotiorum CGF for the biocontrol of Phytophthora disease was investigated in submerged fermentation using media composed of different nutrients. Soluble starch was found to be the most effective substrate among the carbon sources used, and produced the highest penicillic acid concentration of 2.98 mg ml(-1). When organic nitrogen sources were used, pharmamedia, yeast extract, and polypeptone-S were found to be suitable organic nitrogen sources (2.46-2.71 mg ml(-1)). The production of penicillic acid was not detected in when inorganic nitrogen sources were used. Only Na2HPO4, among the metal ions and phosphate salts tested, increased the production of penicillic acid (approximately 20%). When A. sclerotiorum CGF was cultured in optimal medium [8.0% (w/v) soluble starch, 0.6% (w/v) yeast extract, and 0.3% (w/v) Na2HPO4], maximum penicillic acid concentration (approximately 9.40 mg ml(-1)) and cell mass (approximately 17.4 g l(-1)) were obtained after 12 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- S W Kang
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, Korea University, 1, Anam-dong, Seoul 136-701, Republic of Korea
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Kang SW, Park YS, Lee JS, Hong SI, Kim SW. Production of cellulases and hemicellulases by Aspergillus niger KK2 from lignocellulosic biomass. Bioresour Technol 2004; 91:153-156. [PMID: 14592744 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-8524(03)00172-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the production of cellulases and hemicellulases from Aspergillus niger KK2, solid state fermentation (SSF) was performed by using different ratios of rice straw and wheat bran. When A. niger KK2 was grown on rice straw alone as a solid support in SSF, the maximum FPase activity was 19.5 IU g(-1) in 4 days. Also, CMCase (129 IU g(-1)), beta-glucosidase (100 IU g(-1)), xylanase (5070 IU g(-1)) and beta-xylosidase (193 IU g(-1)) activities were concurrently obtained after 5-6 days of fermentation. The higher enzyme activities produced by A. niger KK2 is a significant advantage from the viewpoint of practical saccharification reaction. Cellulases and hemicellulases produced by A. niger KK2 might be applied to pulp and paper industry, feed industry and chemical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- S W Kang
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, Korea University, 1 Anam-dong, Sungbuk-ku, Seoul 136-701, South Korea
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Moon H, Kim SW, Lee J, Rhee SK, Choi ES, Kang HA, Kim IH, Hong SI. Independent Exponential Feeding of Glycerol and Methanol for Fed-Batch Culture of Recombinant Hansenula polymorpha DL-1. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2003; 111:65-80. [PMID: 14645999 DOI: 10.1385/abab:111:2:65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2002] [Revised: 04/01/2003] [Accepted: 05/01/2003] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
As a novel feeding strategy for optimizing human epidermal growth factor (hEGF) production with a recombinant Hansenula polymorpha DL-1 using the methanol oxidase (MOX) promoter in H. polymorpha DL-1, independent exponential feeding of two substrates was used. A simple kinetic model considering the cell growth on two substrates was established and used to calculate the respective feeding rates of glycerol and methanol. In the fedbatch culture with methanol-only feeding, the optimal set point of specific growth rate on methanol was found to be 0.10 h-1. When the fed-batch cultures were conducted by the independent feeding of glycerol and methanol, the actual specific growth rate on glycerol and methanol was slightly lower than the set point of specific growth rate. By the uncoupled feeding of glycerol and methanol the volumetric productivity of hEGF increased from 6.4 to 8.0 mg/(L.h), compared with methanol-only feeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Moon
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Korea
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Abstract
AIMS To improve the production of clavulanic acid through the development of strains, the selection of a production medium and a pH shift strategy in a bioreactor. METHODS AND RESULTS Streptomyces clavuligerus mutant 15 was selected by antibacterial activities. As a result of pH control in a 2.5 l bioreactor, the highest productivity (3.37 microg x ml(-1) x h(-1)) was obtained at a controlled pH of 7.0. CONCLUSIONS The highest level of production obtained was an increase of about 36% compared with a non-controlled pH. When the production of clavulanic acid reached the maximum level, the pH was shifted from 7.0 to 6.0 for reduction in decomposition rate. The maximum concentration of clavulanic acid was maintained for 24 h as a result of the pH shift control, and a significant reduction in the decomposition of clavulanic acid was obtained. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Clavulanic acid decomposition was considerably reduced as a result of the pH shift control. The results of this study can be applied for the efficient production of beta-lactamase inhibitory antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- S D Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
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Park YS, Kang SW, Lee JS, Hong SI, Kim SW. Xylanase production in solid state fermentation by Aspergillus niger mutant using statistical experimental designs. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2002; 58:761-6. [PMID: 12021796 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-002-0965-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2001] [Revised: 01/22/2002] [Accepted: 01/31/2002] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The initial moisture content, cultivation time, inoculum size and concentration of basal medium were optimized in solid state fermentation (SSF) for the production of xylanase by an Aspergillus niger mutant using statistical experimental designs. The cultivation time and concentration of basal medium were the most important factors affecting xylanase activity. An inoculum size of 5 x 10(5) spores/g, initial moisture content of 65%, cultivation time of 5 days and 10 times concentration of basal medium containing 50 times concentration of corn steep liquor were optimum for xylanase production in SSF. Under the optimized conditions, the activity and productivity of xylanase obtained after 5 days of fermentation were 5,071 IU/g of rice straw and 14,790 IU l(-1) h(-1), respectively. The xylanase activity predicted by a polynomial model was 5,484 IU/g of rice straw.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y S Park
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, Korea University, 1, Anam-dong, Sungbuk-ku, Seoul, 136-701, Korea
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Park IC, Park MJ, Woo SH, Lee KH, Lee SH, Rhee CH, Hong SI. Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL)-induced apoptosis is dependent on activation of cysteine and serine proteases. Cytokine 2001; 15:166-70. [PMID: 11554786 DOI: 10.1006/cyto.2001.0893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We examined the role of caspases and serine protease(s) in cell death induced by tumour necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL). After incubation of adenocarcinoma cells with TRAIL, caspase-3, -8 were activated and the cleavage of Bid induced the release of cytochrome c, from the mitochondria to the cytosol. Tetrapeptide inhibitors of caspase-1, -2, -3, and -8 suppressed DNA fragmentation and attenuated the release of cytochrome c, whereas inhibitors of caspase-5 did not. Interestingly, the general serine protease(s) inhibitor 4-(2-aminoethyl)benzylsulfonyl fluoride (AEBSF) resulted in the arrest of apoptosis. However, the AEBSF did not prevent the release of mitochondrial cytochrome c during TRAIL-induced apoptosis. From these results, we postulate that serine protease(s) may be involved in post-mitochondrial apoptotic events, that lead to the activation of the initiator, caspase-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- I C Park
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, 215-4 Gongneung-dong, Nowon-ku, 139-240 Seoul, South Korea
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Park IC, Park MJ, Rhee CH, Lee JI, Choe TB, Jang JJ, Lee SH, Hong SI. Protein kinase C activation by PMA rapidly induces apoptosis through caspase-3/CPP32 and serine protease(s) in a gastric cancer cell line. Int J Oncol 2001; 18:1077-83. [PMID: 11295059 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.18.5.1077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) rapidly induced cell death in SNU-16 gastric adenocarcinoma cells. DNA ladder formation and caspase-3/CPP32 activation were observed in PMA treated cells indicating that PMA induces apoptosis. z-DEVD-fmk, specific inhibitor of caspase-3/CPP32, inhibited the induction of apoptosis by PMA, demonstrating that caspase/CPP32 are critically involved in PMA-induced apoptosis. The serine protein inhibitor 4-(2-aminoethyl)benzenesulfonyl fluoride effectively blocked apoptosis, and also prevented caspase-3/CPP32 activation. Go6983, a specific inhibitor of PKC, almost completely suppressed apoptosis and caspase-3/CPP32 activation. Furthermore, 1,2-dihexanoyl-sn-glycerol, an endogenous activator of PKC, induced apoptosis detected by DNA fragmentation and Hoechst 33258 nuclear staining. From these results, we conclude that PMA is not only a tumor promoter, but can also induce apoptosis in gastric cancer cells. PMA-induced apoptosis appears to be mediated through activation of protein kinase C, and the activation of serine protease(s) and caspase-3/CPP32 may be the molecular mechanisms by which PMA induces apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- I C Park
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Seoul 139-240, Korea
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Lee SH, Kang HS, Rhee CH, Kim MS, Kwon HC, Park MJ, Park IC, Lee CT, Kim CM, Hong SI. Growth-inhibitory effect of adenovirus-mediated p53 gene transfer on medulloblastoma cell line, Daoy, harboring mutant p53. Childs Nerv Syst 2001; 17:134-8. [PMID: 11305765 DOI: 10.1007/s003810000341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
To improve the survival rate, gene therapy, such as the replacement of inactivated tumor suppressor genes, has become a new investigational adjuvant treatment modality for human malignancies. We investigated the effect of adenovirus(Ad)-mediated transfer of wildtype p53 tumor suppressor gene on the medulloblastoma cell line, Daoy, which harbors mutant-type p53 gene. At 50 multiplicity of infection (moi), immunohistochemical staining with p53 monoclonal antibody showed positive staining in all cells 2 days after Ad-CMV-p53 infection. The high expression of wild-type p53 protein was detected in Ad-CMV-p53-infected cells, and expression of wild-type p53 protein peaked on day 2 after the infection. The growth of Ad-CMV-p53-infected cells was greatly suppressed in vitro, and the Ad-CMV-p53 treatment significantly reduced the tumor mass in vivo. The mean weight of Ad-CMV- infected tumors was only 16% of those which were mock infected, and 25% of those which were Ad-CMV-beta-gal infected. On microscopic examination, Ad-CMV-p53-infected tumors showed numerous apoptotic bodies. This Ad-CMV-p53 gene transfer showed high transduction efficacy and expression, resulting in significant growth inhibition of Daoy harboring mutant type p53.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Lee
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Seoul.
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Lee SH, Kim MS, Kwon HC, Park IC, Park MJ, Lee CT, Kim YW, Kim CM, Hong SI. Growth inhibitory effect on glioma cells of adenovirus-mediated p16/INK4a gene transfer in vitro and in vivo. Int J Mol Med 2000. [PMID: 11029524 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.6.5.559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumour suppressor gene p16/INK4a encodes a specific inhibitor of the cyclin D-dependent kinases CDK4 and CDK6. p16/INK4a prevents the association of CDK4 with cyclin D1, and subsequently inhibits phosphorylation of retinoblastoma tumour suppressor protein (pRb), thus preventing exit from the G1 phase. In human cancers, the estimated frequency of genetic alteration involving the p16/INK4a locus is believed to be second only to alteration of p53. A high frequency (greater than 50%) of homozygous p16/INK4a gene deletion has been demonstrated in glioblastoma tissues and p16/INK4a is altered in 80% of glioma cell lines. Therefore, restoration of p16/INK4a would suppress cell proliferation and induce cell growth arrest. We showed here that restoration of p16/INK4a expression in p16 negative U87MG, U251MG and partially deleted U373MG by Ad-CMV-p16/INK4a induced growth suppression in vitro and in vivo. Expression of p16 transferred by Ad-CMV-p16/INK4a in glioma cells was highly efficient and maintained for more than seven days. In addition, we found that the endogenous status of p16 and Rb might affect the expression of exogenous p16/INK4a gene and inhibitory effect of cell proliferation. Even though, there were several factors affecting the efficiency of Ad-CMV-p16/INK4 gene transfer, our results suggest that Ad-CMV-p16 gene therapy strategy is potentially useful and warrants further clinical investigation for the treatment of gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Lee
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, 215-4, Nowon-Ku, Gongneung-Dong, Seoul, 139-706, Korea.
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50
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Lee SH, Kim MS, Kwon HC, Park IC, Park MJ, Lee CT, Kim YW, Kim CM, Hong SI. Growth inhibitory effect on glioma cells of adenovirus-mediated p16/INK4a gene transfer in vitro and in vivo. Int J Mol Med 2000; 6:559-63. [PMID: 11029524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumour suppressor gene p16/INK4a encodes a specific inhibitor of the cyclin D-dependent kinases CDK4 and CDK6. p16/INK4a prevents the association of CDK4 with cyclin D1, and subsequently inhibits phosphorylation of retinoblastoma tumour suppressor protein (pRb), thus preventing exit from the G1 phase. In human cancers, the estimated frequency of genetic alteration involving the p16/INK4a locus is believed to be second only to alteration of p53. A high frequency (greater than 50%) of homozygous p16/INK4a gene deletion has been demonstrated in glioblastoma tissues and p16/INK4a is altered in 80% of glioma cell lines. Therefore, restoration of p16/INK4a would suppress cell proliferation and induce cell growth arrest. We showed here that restoration of p16/INK4a expression in p16 negative U87MG, U251MG and partially deleted U373MG by Ad-CMV-p16/INK4a induced growth suppression in vitro and in vivo. Expression of p16 transferred by Ad-CMV-p16/INK4a in glioma cells was highly efficient and maintained for more than seven days. In addition, we found that the endogenous status of p16 and Rb might affect the expression of exogenous p16/INK4a gene and inhibitory effect of cell proliferation. Even though, there were several factors affecting the efficiency of Ad-CMV-p16/INK4 gene transfer, our results suggest that Ad-CMV-p16 gene therapy strategy is potentially useful and warrants further clinical investigation for the treatment of gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Lee
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, 215-4, Nowon-Ku, Gongneung-Dong, Seoul, 139-706, Korea.
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