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Rodriguez-Carlos A, Raúl A, Jacobo-Delgado YM, Serrano CJ, Santos-Mena A, De Jesus-Gonzalez LA, Boix E, Rivas-Santiago B. Drug repositioning identifies histone deacetylase inhibitors that promote innate immunity in non-tuberculous mycobacterial infection. Can J Microbiol 2024; 70:252-261. [PMID: 38855942 DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2023-0127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Non-tuberculosis infections in immunocompromised patients represent a cause for concern, given the increased risks of infection, and limited treatments available. Herein, we report that molecules for binding to the catalytic site of histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibit its activity, thus increasing the innate immune response against environmental mycobacteria. The action of HDAC inhibitors (iHDACs) was explored in a model of type II pneumocytes and macrophages infection by Mycobacterium aurum. The results show that the use of 1,3-diphenylurea increases the expression of the TLR-4 in M. aurum infected MDMs, as well as the production of defb4, IL-1β, IL-12, and IL-6. Moreover, we observed that aminoacetanilide upregulates the expression of TLR-4 together with TLR-9, defb4, CAMP, RNase 6, RNase 7, IL-1β, IL-12, and IL-6 in T2P. Results conclude that the tested iHDACs selectively modulate the expression of cytokines and antimicrobial peptides that are associated with reduction of non-tuberculous mycobacteria infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Rodriguez-Carlos
- Medical Research Unit-Zacatecas, Mexican Institute for Social Security-IMSS, Zacatecas, Mexico
| | - Anguita Raúl
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | | | - Carmen Judith Serrano
- Medical Research Unit-Zacatecas, Mexican Institute for Social Security-IMSS, Zacatecas, Mexico
| | - Alan Santos-Mena
- Medical Research Unit-Zacatecas, Mexican Institute for Social Security-IMSS, Zacatecas, Mexico
| | | | - Ester Boix
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Bruno Rivas-Santiago
- Medical Research Unit-Zacatecas, Mexican Institute for Social Security-IMSS, Zacatecas, Mexico
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Reil I, Špičić S, Barbić L, Duvnjak S, Kompes G, Benić M, Stojević D, Cvetnić Ž, Arapović J, Zdelar-Tuk M. Antimicrobial Resistance in Rapidly Growing Nontuberculous Mycobacteria among Domestic and Wild Animals Emphasizing the Zoonotic Potential. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2520. [PMID: 37894179 PMCID: PMC10609087 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11102520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are opportunistic pathogens capable of causing infections in humans and animals. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the potential role of domestic and wild animals as a reservoir of multiple resistant, rapidly growing NTM strains representing a potential zoonotic threat to humans. A total of 87 animal isolates belonging to 11 rapidly growing species (visible colonies appear within three to seven days) were genotyped and tested for susceptibility to the 15 most commonly used antibiotics in the treatment of such infections in a human clinic. By determining the antimicrobial susceptibility, the most prevalent resistance was found to cephalosporins (>50%), followed by amoxicillin-clavulanate (31.0%), clarithromycin (23.0%), tobramycin (14.9%) and doxycycline (10.3%). Resistance to imipenem, ciprofloxacin, minocycline and linezolid was notably lower (<7.0%). All tested isolates were susceptible to amikacin and moxifloxacin. The most frequent resistance was proved in the most pathogenic species: M. fortuitum, M. neoaurum, M. vaccae and M. porcinum. Meanwhile, other species displayed a higher sensitivity rate. No significant resistance differences between domestic and wild animals were found. The established significant frequency of resistance highlights the significant zoonotic potential posed by circulating rapidly growing NTM strains, which could lead to challenges in the treatment of these infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irena Reil
- Croatian Veterinary Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.R.); (S.Š.); (M.B.); (D.S.); (Ž.C.); (M.Z.-T.)
| | - Silvio Špičić
- Croatian Veterinary Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.R.); (S.Š.); (M.B.); (D.S.); (Ž.C.); (M.Z.-T.)
| | - Ljubo Barbić
- The Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Sanja Duvnjak
- Croatian Veterinary Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.R.); (S.Š.); (M.B.); (D.S.); (Ž.C.); (M.Z.-T.)
| | - Gordan Kompes
- Croatian Veterinary Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.R.); (S.Š.); (M.B.); (D.S.); (Ž.C.); (M.Z.-T.)
| | - Miroslav Benić
- Croatian Veterinary Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.R.); (S.Š.); (M.B.); (D.S.); (Ž.C.); (M.Z.-T.)
| | - Dora Stojević
- Croatian Veterinary Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.R.); (S.Š.); (M.B.); (D.S.); (Ž.C.); (M.Z.-T.)
| | - Željko Cvetnić
- Croatian Veterinary Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.R.); (S.Š.); (M.B.); (D.S.); (Ž.C.); (M.Z.-T.)
| | - Jurica Arapović
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University Clinical Hospital Mostar, 88000 Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina;
- School of Medicine, University of Mostar, 88000 Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Maja Zdelar-Tuk
- Croatian Veterinary Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.R.); (S.Š.); (M.B.); (D.S.); (Ž.C.); (M.Z.-T.)
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3
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Mohebbipour‐Loren A, Soghrati M, Barin S, Rezaei M. A case report of cutaneous infection with Mycobacterium neoaurum. Clin Case Rep 2023; 11:e7265. [PMID: 37143460 PMCID: PMC10151593 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.7265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous infection due to Mycobacterium neoaurum in immune-competent individuals had only been reported in limited cases. The point that makes our case very impressive was its cutaneous infection, and presentation in the immune-competent patient. Abstract Cutaneous infections caused by nontuberculous mycobacteria usually occur in immunocompromised hosts. We report a rare case of cutaneous infection caused by Mycobacterium neoaurum in an immune-competent patient.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sajjad Barin
- Pathology Department, School of MedicineArdabil University of Medical SciencesArdabilIran
| | - Mitra Rezaei
- Pathology Department, School of MedicineShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
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Sarhan MS, Wurst C, Tzankov A, Bircher AJ, Wittig H, Briellmann T, Augsburger M, Hotz G, Zink A, Maixner F. A nontuberculous mycobacterium could solve the mystery of the lady from the Franciscan church in Basel, Switzerland. BMC Biol 2023; 21:9. [PMID: 36747166 PMCID: PMC9903526 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-022-01509-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In 1975, the mummified body of a female has been found in the Franciscan church in Basel, Switzerland. Molecular and genealogic analyses unveiled her identity as Anna Catharina Bischoff (ACB), a member of the upper class of post-reformed Basel, who died at the age of 68 years, in 1787. The reason behind her death is still a mystery, especially that toxicological analyses revealed high levels of mercury, a common treatment against infections at that time, in different body organs. The computed tomography (CT) and histological analysis showed bone lesions in the femurs, the rib cage, and the skull, which refers to a potential syphilis case. RESULTS Although we could not detect any molecular signs of the syphilis-causing pathogen Treponema pallidum subsp. pallidum, we realized high prevalence of a nontuberculous mycobacterium (NTM) species in brain tissue sample. The genome analysis of this NTM displayed richness of virulence genes and toxins, and similarity to other infectious NTM, known to infect immunocompromised patients. In addition, it displayed potential resistance to mercury compounds, which might indicate a selective advantage against the applied treatment. This suggests that ACB might have suffered from an atypical mycobacteriosis during her life, which could explain the mummy's bone lesion and high mercury concentrations. CONCLUSIONS The study of this mummy exemplifies the importance of employing differential diagnostic approaches in paleopathological analysis, by combining classical anthropological, radiological, histological, and toxicological observations with molecular analysis. It represents a proof-of-concept for the discovery of not-yet-described ancient pathogens in well-preserved specimens, using de novo metagenomic assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed S Sarhan
- Eurac Research - Institute for Mummy Studies, 39100, Bolzano, Italy.
| | - Christina Wurst
- Eurac Research - Institute for Mummy Studies, 39100, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Alexandar Tzankov
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andreas J Bircher
- Department of Allergology, University Hospital Basel, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Holger Wittig
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Basel, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Briellmann
- Citizen Science Basel; formerly Institute of Forensic Medicine, Forensic Chemistry and Toxicology, University of Basel, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marc Augsburger
- University Center of Legal Medicine, Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Gerhard Hotz
- Natural History Museum Basel, 4051, Basel, Switzerland
- Integrative Prehistory and Archaeological Science, University of Basel, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Albert Zink
- Eurac Research - Institute for Mummy Studies, 39100, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Frank Maixner
- Eurac Research - Institute for Mummy Studies, 39100, Bolzano, Italy.
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Masoumi M, Sakhaee F, Zolfaghari MR, Tarashi S, Rahimi Jamnani F, Vaziri F, Siadat SD, Fateh A. Mixed pulmonary infection with four isolates of nontuberculous mycobacteria: a case report of mycobacterium bacteremicum infection. Pneumonia (Nathan) 2022; 14:7. [PMCID: PMC9636635 DOI: 10.1186/s41479-022-00100-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
A mixed pulmonary infection of Mycobacterium bacteremicum and three different isolates of nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) is an unusual clinical manifestation and have not yet been indicated. In this case report, we reported four isolates of NTM using phenotypic and genotypic test of pulmonary sample in Tehran, Iran.
Case presentation
We report a case of severe pulmonary disease in a 19-year-old male patient with productive cough, shortness of breath, and low-grade fever for several weeks. The C-reactive protein (CRP) level (80.2 mg/L) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) (95 mm/h) were high. The computed tomographic scan indicated bronchiectasis, nodular opacities, consolidation, and cavitary lesions on both sides. The result of purified protein derivative (PPD) test was equal to 15 mm. The sequences of hsp65, rpoB, and 16S rDNA genes indicated more than 99% homology to four isolates of nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM), including Mycobacterium fortuitum, M. chelonae, M. mucogenicum, and M. bacteremicum. We found that all four strains were susceptible to amikacin, cefoxitin, ciprofloxacin, clarithromycin, imipenem, and linezolid. The patient was treated with ciprofloxacin, clarithromycin, and amikacin, along with Montelukast, for five months.
Conclusion
We report a case of severe pulmonary infection by four isolates of NTM. After treatment, the patient reported complete resolution of the signs and a weight gain of 5 kg; also, the CRP and ESR were normal. Nine months after the infection diagnosis, a new CT scan revealed further improvements.
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New RAPMYCOI SensititreTM Antimicrobial Susceptibility Test for Atypical Rapidly Growing Mycobacteria (RGM). Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12081976. [PMID: 36010326 PMCID: PMC9407062 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12081976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapidly growing mycobacteria (RGM) cause an increasing international concern, mainly due to their natural resistance to many antibiotics. The aim of this study was to conduct species identification and determine the antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of RGM isolated in Poland. Antimicrobial susceptibility was tested using broth microdilution and the RAPMYCOI panel. A total of 60 strains were analysed, including the following species: M. fortuitum complex (30), M. abscessus subsp. abscessus (16), M. abscessus subsp. massiliense (7), M. chelonae (5), and M. mucogenicum (2). For 12 M. abscessus subsp. abscessus strains, the presence of the erm 41T28 genotype associated with inducible macrolide resistance and a functional erm gene was confirmed. A MUT2 mutation in the rrl gene (constitutive resistance) was identified for two strains from the subtype M. abscessus subsp. massiliense. Among the 15 tested antibiotics, amikacin and linezolid had the strongest antimycobacterial activity. Most of the tested strains were resistant to doxycycline and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. Tigecycline MICs were low for all tested strains. Findings from our study highlight the importance of correct identification of clinical isolates and antimicrobial susceptibility testing.
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Antibiotic susceptibility of mycobacteria isolated from ornamental fish. J Vet Res 2022; 66:69-76. [PMID: 35582485 PMCID: PMC8959692 DOI: 10.2478/jvetres-2022-0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are increasingly recognised as causative agents of opportunistic infections in humans for which effective treatment is challenging. There is very little information on the prevalence of NTM drug resistance in Poland. This study was aimed to evaluate the susceptibility to antibiotics of NTM, originally isolated from diseased ornamental fish.
Material and Methods
A total of 99 isolates were studied, 50 of them rapidly growing mycobacteria (RGM) (among which three-quarters were Mycobacterium chelonae, M. peregrinum, and M. fortuitum and the rest M. neoaurum, M. septicum, M. abscessus, M. mucogenicum, M. salmoniphilum, M saopaulense, and M. senegalense). The other 49 were slowly growing mycobacteria (SGM) isolates (among which only one was M. szulgai and the bulk M. marinum and M. gordonae). Minimum inhibitory concentrations for amikacin (AMK), kanamycin (KAN), tobramycin (TOB), doxycycline (DOX), ciprofloxacin (CIP), clarithromycin (CLR), sulfamethoxazole (SMX), isoniazid (INH) and rifampicin (RMP) were determined.
Results
The majority of the isolates were susceptible to KAN (95.95%: RGM 46.46% and SGM 49.49%), AMK (94.94%: RGM 45.45% and SGM 49.49%), CLR (83.83%: RGM 36.36% and SGM 47.47%), SMX (79.79%: RGM 30.30% and SMG 49.49%), CIP (65.65%: RGM 24.24% and SGM 41.41%), and DOX (55.55%: RGM 9.06% and SGM 46.46%). The majority were resistant to INH (98.98%: RGM 50.50% and SGM 48.48%) and RMP (96.96%: RGM 50.50% and SGM 46.46%).
Conclusion
The drug sensitivity of NTM varies from species to species. KAN, AMK, CLR and SMX were the most active against RGM isolates, and these same four plus DOX and CIP were the best drugs against SGM isolates.
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Huang RR, Yang SR, Zhen C, Ge XF, Chen XK, Wen ZQ, Li YN, Liu WZ. Genomic molecular signatures determined characterization of Mycolicibacterium gossypii sp. nov., a fast-growing mycobacterial species isolated from cotton field soil. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2021; 114:1735-1744. [PMID: 34392432 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-021-01638-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
A Gram-positive, acid-fast and rapidly growing rod, designated S2-37 T, that could form yellowish colonies was isolated from one soil sample collected from cotton cropping field located in the Xinjiang region of China. Genomic analyses indicated that strain S2-37 T harbored T7SS secretion system and was very likely able to produce mycolic acid, which were typical features of pathogenetic mycobacterial species. 16S rRNA-directed phylogenetic analysis referred that strain S2-37 T was closely related to bacterial species belonging to the genus Mycolicibacterium, which was further confirmed by pan-genome phylogenetic analysis. Digital DNA-DNA hybridization and the average nucleotide identity presented that strain S2-37 T displayed the highest values of 39.1% (35.7-42.6%) and 81.28% with M. litorale CGMCC 4.5724 T, respectively. And characterization of conserved molecular signatures further supported the taxonomic position of strain S2-37 T belonging to the genus Mycolicibacterium. The main fatty acids were identified as C16:0, C18:0, C20:3ω3 and C22:6ω3. In addition, polar lipids profile was mainly composed of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylinositol. Phylogenetic analyses, distinct fatty aids and antimicrobial resistance profiles indicated that strain S2-37 T represented genetically and phenotypically distinct from its closest phylogenetic neighbour, M. litorale CGMCC 4.5724 T. Here, we propose a novel species of the genus Mycolicibacterium: Mycolicibacterium gossypii sp. nov. with the type strain S2-37 T (= JCM 34327 T = CGMCC 1.18817 T).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Rui Huang
- School of Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Shen-Rong Yang
- School of Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Zhen
- School of Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Xian-Feng Ge
- School of Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Kai Chen
- School of Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Wen
- School of Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-Nan Li
- School of Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Zheng Liu
- School of Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China.
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Kusano T, Fukasawa C, Yamamoto S, Shiratori E, Murata S, Takaki A, Chikamatsu K, Mitarai S, Hoshino T. Pin tract infection caused by Mycobacterium neoaurum in a 14-year-old child: A case report. J Infect Chemother 2021; 27:1244-1247. [PMID: 33745809 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2021.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Although rapidly growing non-tuberculosis mycobacterium can occasionally cause postoperative infections, Mycobacterium neoaurum is a rare pathogen of surgical site infection. We report a case of pin tract infection caused by M. neoaurum in a 14-year-old girl who was admitted for lengthening of her right fourth metatarsal bone. Pain, redness, and exudate were observed 18 days after external fixator insertion. Repeated exudate cultures revealed M. neoaurum, and she was diagnosed with a mycobacterial pin tract infection. She was initially administered intravenous ciprofloxacin and minocycline, and then was switched to oral trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and minocycline for a total of 6 months. Despite the pin tract infection, bone lengthening was completed under antibiotic treatment without removal of the pin; no other complications were noted. There are no prior reports of external fixator pin tract infection by M. neoaurum. While such cases may be rare, this case demonstrates that bone distraction may still be successfully completed using appropriate antibiotic therapy without pin removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taizo Kusano
- Chiba Children's Hospital, Division of Infectious Diseases, Chiba, Japan.
| | - Chie Fukasawa
- Chiba Children's Hospital, Division of Infectious Diseases, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shota Yamamoto
- Chiba Children's Hospital, Division of Infectious Diseases, Chiba, Japan
| | - Erika Shiratori
- Chiba Children's Hospital, Division of Infectious Diseases, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shota Murata
- Chiba University Hospital, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Chiba, Japan
| | - Akiko Takaki
- Department of Mycobacterium Reference and Research, The Research Institute of Tuberculosis, Japan Anti-tuberculosis Association, Kiyose, Japan
| | - Kinuyo Chikamatsu
- Department of Mycobacterium Reference and Research, The Research Institute of Tuberculosis, Japan Anti-tuberculosis Association, Kiyose, Japan
| | - Satoshi Mitarai
- Department of Mycobacterium Reference and Research, The Research Institute of Tuberculosis, Japan Anti-tuberculosis Association, Kiyose, Japan; Basic Mycobacteriosis, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Tadashi Hoshino
- Chiba Children's Hospital, Division of Infectious Diseases, Chiba, Japan
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Mycobacterium neoaurum Bloodstream Infection Associated with a Totally Implanted Subclavian Port in an Adult with Diabetes and History of Colon Cancer. Case Rep Infect Dis 2021; 2020:8878069. [PMID: 33489390 PMCID: PMC7790582 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8878069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Mycobacterium neoaurum is a rapidly growing nontuberculosis mycobacterium (NTM) that was first isolated from soil in 1972 and is ubiquitous in soil, water, and dust. The first reported case of human infection by M. neoaurum was published in 1988, presenting as a Hickman catheter-related bacteremia in a patient with ovarian cancer. M. neoaurum has since been recognized as a source of predominantly opportunistic bloodstream infections in immunocompromised hosts. We report the case of an adult diabetic male with M. neoaurum bloodstream infection secondary to an infected venous-access port that had been implanted nearly six years prior for temporary chemotherapy. Case Presentation. A 66-year-old male with schizophrenia, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and a history of excision and chemotherapy to treat adenocarcinoma of the colon 6 years prior, presented with fever and behavioral changes. He was found to have a M. neoaurum bloodstream infection secondary to his implanted subclavian port. Multiple preoperative blood cultures, as well as the removed catheter tip culture, were positive for M. neoaurum. The patient's condition improved to near premorbid levels after port removal and 6 weeks of targeted antimicrobial therapy. Discussion and Conclusions. Bloodstream infections due to rapidly growing NTM, such as M. neoaurum, have been infrequently reported; however, improved isolation and identification techniques based on genomic testing are resulting in a more in-depth recognition of these widely scattered environmental microbes in human infections. Nonetheless, lengthy identification and susceptibility processes remain a diagnostic and treatment barrier. Patients such as ours who have a history of malignancy and an indwelling foreign body have most often been reported as acquiring M. neoaurum bacteremia. Fortunately, device removal and appropriate antimicrobial therapy guided by susceptibility data is often enough to manage these atypical mycobacterial infections.
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Diversity of Mycobacteriaceae from aquatic environment at the São Paulo Zoological Park Foundation in Brazil. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0227759. [PMID: 31935265 PMCID: PMC6959594 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0227759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the species diversity of Mycobacteriaceae in surface water samples from six environments at the zoological park in São Paulo, Brazil. Three hundred and eighty isolates were cultivated and identified by phenotypic characteristics (growth rate and pigmentation) and sequencing of hsp65, rpoB and 16S rRNA genes. The results revealed that almost 48% of the isolates could be identified at the species level; about 50% were classified at the genus level, and only less than 2% of the isolates showed an inconclusive identification. The isolates classified at the genus level and not identified were then evaluated by phylogenetic analyses using the same three concatenated target genes. The results allowed us to identify at the genus level some isolates that previously had inconclusive identification, and they also suggested the presence of putative candidate species within the sample, demonstrating that this zoological park is an important source of diversity.
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Diagnosis and treatment of catheter-related bloodstream infection: Clinical guidelines of the Spanish Society of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology and (SEIMC) and the Spanish Society of Spanish Society of Intensive and Critical Care Medicine and Coronary Units (SEMICYUC). Med Intensiva 2019; 42:5-36. [PMID: 29406956 DOI: 10.1016/j.medin.2017.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Catheter-related bloodstream infections (CRBSI) constitute an important cause of hospital-acquired infection associated with morbidity, mortality, and cost. The aim of these guidelines is to provide updated recommendations for the diagnosis and management of CRBSI in adults. Prevention of CRBSI is excluded. Experts in the field were designated by the two participating Societies (the Spanish Society of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology and [SEIMC] and the Spanish Society of Spanish Society of Intensive and Critical Care Medicine and Coronary Units [SEMICYUC]). Short-term peripheral venous catheters, non-tunneled and long-term central venous catheters, tunneled catheters and hemodialysis catheters are covered by these guidelines. The panel identified 39 key topics that were formulated in accordance with the PICO format. The strength of the recommendations and quality of the evidence were graded in accordance with ESCMID guidelines. Recommendations are made for the diagnosis of CRBSI with and without catheter removal and of tunnel infection. The document establishes the clinical situations in which a conservative diagnosis of CRBSI (diagnosis without catheter removal) is feasible. Recommendations are also made regarding empirical therapy, pathogen-specific treatment (coagulase-negative staphylococci, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus spp., Gram-negative bacilli, and Candida spp.), antibiotic lock therapy, diagnosis and management of suppurative thrombophlebitis and local complications.
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Gupta RS, Lo B, Son J. Phylogenomics and Comparative Genomic Studies Robustly Support Division of the Genus Mycobacterium into an Emended Genus Mycobacterium and Four Novel Genera. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:67. [PMID: 29497402 PMCID: PMC5819568 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 289] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The genus Mycobacterium contains 188 species including several major human pathogens as well as numerous other environmental species. We report here comprehensive phylogenomics and comparative genomic analyses on 150 genomes of Mycobacterium species to understand their interrelationships. Phylogenetic trees were constructed for the 150 species based on 1941 core proteins for the genus Mycobacterium, 136 core proteins for the phylum Actinobacteria and 8 other conserved proteins. Additionally, the overall genome similarity amongst the Mycobacterium species was determined based on average amino acid identity of the conserved protein families. The results from these analyses consistently support the existence of five distinct monophyletic groups within the genus Mycobacterium at the highest level, which are designated as the "Tuberculosis-Simiae," "Terrae," "Triviale," "Fortuitum-Vaccae," and "Abscessus-Chelonae" clades. Some of these clades have also been observed in earlier phylogenetic studies. Of these clades, the "Abscessus-Chelonae" clade forms the deepest branching lineage and does not form a monophyletic grouping with the "Fortuitum-Vaccae" clade of fast-growing species. In parallel, our comparative analyses of proteins from mycobacterial genomes have identified 172 molecular signatures in the form of conserved signature indels and conserved signature proteins, which are uniquely shared by either all Mycobacterium species or by members of the five identified clades. The identified molecular signatures (or synapomorphies) provide strong independent evidence for the monophyly of the genus Mycobacterium and the five described clades and they provide reliable means for the demarcation of these clades and for their diagnostics. Based on the results of our comprehensive phylogenomic analyses and numerous identified molecular signatures, which consistently and strongly support the division of known mycobacterial species into the five described clades, we propose here division of the genus Mycobacterium into an emended genus Mycobacterium encompassing the "Tuberculosis-Simiae" clade, which includes all of the major human pathogens, and four novel genera viz. Mycolicibacterium gen. nov., Mycolicibacter gen. nov., Mycolicibacillus gen. nov. and Mycobacteroides gen. nov. corresponding to the "Fortuitum-Vaccae," "Terrae," "Triviale," and "Abscessus-Chelonae" clades, respectively. With the division of mycobacterial species into these five distinct groups, attention can now be focused on unique genetic and molecular characteristics that differentiate members of these groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radhey S. Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, CA, Canada
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Walayat S, Awwal T, Roy M, Ahmad S. Mycobacterium neoaurum line-related bacteremia with pulmonary involvement: Case report and review of literature. IDCases 2018; 11:88-90. [PMID: 29552489 PMCID: PMC5849790 DOI: 10.1016/j.idcr.2018.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium neoaurum is a rapidly growing non-tuberculous mycobacterium which is ubiquitous in nature. While it can cause line related infections in immunocompromised host, case reports of urinary tract infections, cutaneous infections, pulmonary infections, and meningoencephalitis have also been reported. We report the first case of Mycobacterium neoaurum line related bacteremia with concomitant pulmonary involvement. Our patient responded well to a nine week course of antimicrobials after removal of infected central line.
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15
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Paniz-Mondolfi AE, Greninger AL, Ladutko L, Brown-Elliott BA, Vasireddy R, Jakubiec W, Vasireddy S, Wallace RJ, Simmon KE, Dunn BE, Jackoway G, Vora SB, Quinn KK, Qin X, Campbell S. Mycobacterium grossiae sp. nov., a rapidly growing, scotochromogenic species isolated from human clinical respiratory and blood culture specimens. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2017; 67:4345-4351. [PMID: 28984546 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.002216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A previously undescribed, rapidly growing, scotochromogenic species of the genus Mycobacterium (represented by strains PB739T and GK) was isolated from two clinical sources - the sputum of a 76-year-old patient with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, history of tuberculosis exposure and Mycobacterium avium complex isolated years prior; and the blood of a 15-year-old male with B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia status post bone marrow transplant. The isolates grew as dark orange colonies at 25-37 °C after 5 days, sharing features in common with other closely related species. Analysis of the complete 16S rRNA gene sequence (1492 bp) of strain PB739T demonstrated that the isolate shared 98.8 % relatedness with Mycobacterium wolinskyi. Partial 429 bp hsp65 and 744 bp rpoB region V sequence analyses revealed that the sequences of the novel isolate shared 94.8 and 92.1 % similarity with those of Mycobacterium neoaurum and Mycobacterium aurum, respectively. Biochemical profiling, antimicrobial susceptibility testing, HPLC/gas-liquid chromatography analyses and multilocus sequence typing support the taxonomic status of these isolates (PB739T and GK) as representatives of a novel species. Both isolates were susceptible to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute recommended antimicrobials for susceptibility testing of rapidly growing mycobacteria including amikacin, ciprofloxacin, moxifloxacin, doxycycline/minocycline, imipenem, linezolid, clarithromycin and trimethropin/sulfamethoxazole. Both isolates PB739T and GK showed intermediate susceptibility to cefoxitin. We propose the name Mycobacterium grossiae sp. nov. for this novel species and have deposited the type strain in the DSMZ and CIP culture collections. The type strain is PB739T (=DSM 104744T=CIP 111318T).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lynn Ladutko
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, VA Connecticut Healthcare, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Barbara A Brown-Elliott
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Mycobacteria/Nocardia Laboratory, Tyler, TX, USA
| | - Ravikiran Vasireddy
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Mycobacteria/Nocardia Laboratory, Tyler, TX, USA
| | - Wesley Jakubiec
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, VA Connecticut Healthcare, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Sruthi Vasireddy
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Mycobacteria/Nocardia Laboratory, Tyler, TX, USA
| | - Richard J Wallace
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Mycobacteria/Nocardia Laboratory, Tyler, TX, USA
| | - Keith E Simmon
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Bruce E Dunn
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Clement J. Zablocki VA Medical Center, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | | | - Surabhi B Vora
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kevin K Quinn
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Kaiser Permanente Fontana Medical Center, Fontana, CA, USA
| | - Xuan Qin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sheldon Campbell
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale School of Medicine/Yale-New Haven Hospital, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, VA Connecticut Healthcare, West Haven, CT, USA
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Zaragoza Bastida A, Rivero Pérez N, Valladares Carranza B, Isaac-Olivé K, Moreno Pérez P, Sandoval Trujillo H, Ramírez Durán N. Molecular Identification of Mycobacterium Species of Public Health and Veterinary Importance from Cattle in the South State of México. THE CANADIAN JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES & MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY = JOURNAL CANADIEN DES MALADIES INFECTIEUSES ET DE LA MICROBIOLOGIE MEDICALE 2017; 2017:6094587. [PMID: 28694831 PMCID: PMC5488153 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6094587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacterium genus causes a variety of zoonotic diseases. The best known example is the zoonotic tuberculosis due to M. bovis. Much less is known about "nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM)," which are also associated with infections in humans. The Mexican standard NOM-ZOO-031-1995 regulates the presence of M. bovis in cattle; however, no regulation exists for the NTM species. The objective of this study was to isolate and identify nontuberculous mycobacteria species from cattle of local herds in the south region of the State of Mexico through the identification and detection of the 100 bp molecular marker in the 23S rRNA gene with subsequent sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. Milk samples (35) and nasal exudate samples (68) were collected. From the 108 strains isolated, 39 were selected for identification. Thirteen strains isolated from nasal exudates amplified the 100 bp molecular marker and were identified as M. neoaurum (six strains), M. parafortuitum (four strains), M. moriokaense (two strains), and M. confluentis (one strain). Except M. parafortuitum, the other species identified are of public health and veterinary concern because they are pathogenic to humans, especially those with underlying medical conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Zaragoza Bastida
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Tollocan/Jesús Carranza s/n, 50180 Toluca, MEX, Mexico
- Área Académica de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuaria, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Av. Universidad Km 1, Ex-Hda. de Aquetzalpa, 43600 Tulancingo, HGO, Mexico
| | - Nallely Rivero Pérez
- Área Académica de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuaria, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Av. Universidad Km 1, Ex-Hda. de Aquetzalpa, 43600 Tulancingo, HGO, Mexico
| | - Benjamín Valladares Carranza
- Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados en Salud Animal, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Km 15.5 Carretera Panamericana Toluca-Atlacomulco, 50200 Toluca, MEX, Mexico
| | - Keila Isaac-Olivé
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Tollocan/Jesús Carranza s/n, 50180 Toluca, MEX, Mexico
| | - Pablo Moreno Pérez
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Tollocan/Jesús Carranza s/n, 50180 Toluca, MEX, Mexico
| | - Horacio Sandoval Trujillo
- Departamento de Sistemas Biológicos, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Xochimilco, Calzada del Hueso 1100, 04960 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Ninfa Ramírez Durán
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Tollocan/Jesús Carranza s/n, 50180 Toluca, MEX, Mexico
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Abstract
ABSTRACT
Rapidly growing mycobacteria (RGM) compose approximately one-half of the currently validated mycobacterial species and are divided into six major groups, including the
Mycobacterium fortuitum
group,
M. chelonae/M. abscessus
complex,
M. smegmatis
group,
M. mucogenicum
group,
M. mageritense
/
M. wolinskyi
, and the pigmented RGM. This review discusses each group and highlights the major types of infections associated with each group. Additionally, phenotypic and molecular laboratory identification methods, including gene sequencing, mass spectrometry, and the newly emerging whole-genome sequencing, are detailed, along with a discussion of the current antimicrobial susceptibility methods and patterns of the most common pathogenic species.
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18
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Takeda M, Matsumura AT, Kurosaki K, Chhetri RT, Motomatsu S, Suzuki I, Sahabi DM. An enantioselective NADP+-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase responsible for cooxidative production of (3S)-5-hydroxy-3-methyl-pentanoic acid. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2016; 80:1155-63. [DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2016.1148578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
A soil bacterium, Mycobacterium sp. B-009, is able to grow on racemic 1,2-propanediol (PD). The strain was revealed to oxidize 3-methyl-1,5-pentanediol (MPD) to 5-hydroxy-3-methyl-pentanoic acid (HMPA) during growth on PD. MPD was converted into an almost equimolar amount of the S-form of HMPA (S-HMPA) at 72%ee, suggesting the presence of an enantioselective MPD dehydrogenase (MPD-DH). As expected, an NADP+-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase, which catalyzes the initial step of MPD oxidation, was detected and purified from the cell-free extract. This enzyme was suggested to be a homodimeric medium-chain alcohol dehydrogenase/reductase (MDR). The catalytic and kinetic parameters indicated that MPD is the most suitable substrate for the enzyme. The enzyme was encoded by a 1047-bp gene (mpd1) and several mycobacterial strains were found to have putative MDR genes similar to mpd1. In a phylogenetic tree, MPD-DH formed an independent clade together with the putative MDR of Mycobacterium neoaurum, which produces opportunistic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minoru Takeda
- Graduate School of Engineering, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Japan
| | | | - Kaishi Kurosaki
- Graduate School of Engineering, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Rajan Thapa Chhetri
- Graduate School of Engineering, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Shigekazu Motomatsu
- Graduate School of Engineering, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Ichiro Suzuki
- Graduate School of Engineering, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Danladi Mahuta Sahabi
- Graduate School of Engineering, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Biochemistry, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria
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Chin'ombe N, Muzividzi B, Munemo E, Nziramasanga P. Molecular Identification of Nontuberculous Mycobacteria in Humans in Zimbabwe Using 16S Ribosequencing. Open Microbiol J 2016; 10:113-23. [PMID: 27335623 PMCID: PMC4899540 DOI: 10.2174/1874285801610010113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Revised: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Several nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) were previously isolated from diverse environments such as water, soil, sewage, food and animals. Some of these NTM are now known to be opportunistic pathogens of humans. Objective: The main purpose of the study was to identify NTM isolates stored at the National Microbiology Reference Laboratory (NMRL) and were previously isolated from humans during a national tuberculosis (TB) survey. Methods: Pure NTM cultures already isolated from human sputum samples during the national TB survey were retrieved from the NMRL and used for this study. DNA was extracted from the samples and 16S ribosomal RNA gene amplified by polymerase chain reaction. The amplicons were sequenced and bioinformatics tools were used to identify the NTM species. Results: Out of total of 963 NTM isolates stored at the NMRL, 81 were retrieved for speciation. Forty isolates (49.4%) were found to belong to Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex (MAC) species. The other 41 isolates (50.6%) were identified as M. lentiflavum (6.2%), M. terrae complex (4.9%), M. paraense (4.9%), M. kansasii (3.7%), M. moriokaense (3.7%), M. asiaticum (2.5%), M. novocastrense (2.5%), M. brasiliensis (2.5%), M. elephantis (2.5%), M. paraffinicum (1.2%), M. bohemicum (1.2%), M. manitobense (1.2%), M. intermedium (1.2%), M. tuberculosis complex (1.2%), M. parakoreense (1.2%), M. florentinum (1.2%), M. litorale (1.2%), M. fluoranthenivorans (1.2%), M. sherrisii (1.2%), M. fortuitum (1.2%) and M septicum (1.2%). Two isolates (2.5%) could not be identified, but were closely related to M. montefiorense and M. phlei respectively. Interestingly, the MAC species were the commonest NTM during the survey. Conclusion: The study emphasizes the importance of identifying species of NTM in Zimbabwe. Future studies need to ascertain their true diversity and clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nyasha Chin'ombe
- Molecular Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Zimbabwe, P O Box A178, Avondale, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Boniface Muzividzi
- National Microbiology Reference Laboratory, P.O. Box ST 749, Southerton, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Ellen Munemo
- National Microbiology Reference Laboratory, P.O. Box ST 749, Southerton, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Pasipanodya Nziramasanga
- Molecular Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Zimbabwe, P O Box A178, Avondale, Harare, Zimbabwe
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20
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Padya L, Chin'ombe N, Magwenzi M, Mbanga J, Ruhanya V, Nziramasanga P. Molecular Identification of Mycobacterium Species of Public Health Importance in Cattle in Zimbabwe by 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing. Open Microbiol J 2015; 9:38-42. [PMID: 26668660 PMCID: PMC4676045 DOI: 10.2174/1874285801509010038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Revised: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium species are naturally found in the environment as well as in domestic animals such as cattle. So far, more than 150 species of Mycobacterium, some of which are pathogenic, have been identified. Laboratory isolation, detection and identification of Mycobacterium species are therefore critical if human and animal infections are to be controlled. The objective of this study was to identify Mycobacterium species isolated in cattle in Zimbabwe using 16S ribosomal RNA gene amplification and sequencing. A total of 134 cow dung samples were collected throughout Zimbabwe and mycobacteria were isolated by culture. Only 49 culture isolates that were found to be acid-fast bacilli positive by Ziehl-Neelsen staining. The 16S rRNA gene was successfully amplified by PCR in 41 (84%) of the samples. There was no amplification in 8 (16%) of the samples. Out of the 41 samples that showed amplification, 26 (63%) had strong PCR bands and were selected for DNA sequencing. Analysis of the DNA sequences showed that 7 (27%) belonged to Mycobacterium neoaurum, 6 (23%) belonged to Mycobacterium fortuitum, 3 (12%) to Mycobacterium goodii, 2 (1%) to Mycobacterium arupense, 2 (1%) to Mycobacterium peregrinum or M. septicum and 1 isolate (0.04%) to Mycobacterium elephantis. There were 5 (19%) isolates that were non-mycobacteria and identified as Gordonia terrae, a close relative of Mycobacterium. The study therefore provided a molecular basis for detection and identification of Mycobacterium species in animals and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah Padya
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe ; Department of Applied Biology and Biochemistry, National University of Science and Technology, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe
| | - Nyasha Chin'ombe
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Marcelyn Magwenzi
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Joshua Mbanga
- Department of Applied Biology and Biochemistry, National University of Science and Technology, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe
| | - Vurayai Ruhanya
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe
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21
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Microbiological features and clinical relevance of new species of the genus Mycobacterium. Clin Microbiol Rev 2015; 27:727-52. [PMID: 25278573 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00035-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are present in the environment, mainly in water, and are occasionally responsible for opportunistic infections in humans. Despite the fact that NTM are characterized by a moderate pathogenicity, the diseases caused by NTM at various body sites are increasing on a worldwide level. Among over 150 officially recognized NTM species, only two or three dozen are familiar to clinicians, and even to most microbiologists. In this paper, approximately 50 new species described in the last 8 years are reviewed, and their role in human infections is assessed on the basis of reported clinical cases. The small number of reports concerning most of the "new" mycobacterial species is responsible for the widespread conviction that they are very rare. Their role is actually largely underestimated, mainly because they often remain unrecognized and misidentified. Aiming to minimize such bias, emphasis has been placed on more common identification pitfalls. Together with new NTM, new members of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex described in the last few years are also an object of the present review.
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22
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Rapidly growing mycobacteria as emerging pathogens in bloodstream and device-related infection: a case of pacemaker infection with Mycobacterium neoaurum. JMM Case Rep 2015. [DOI: 10.1099/jmmcr.0.000054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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23
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Kim CK, Choi SI, Jeon BR, Lee YW, Lee YK, Shin HB. Pulmonary infection caused by Mycobacterium neoaurum: the first case in Korea. Ann Lab Med 2014; 34:243-6. [PMID: 24790914 PMCID: PMC3999325 DOI: 10.3343/alm.2014.34.3.243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2014] [Revised: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 02/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium neoaurum is rapidly growing mycobacteria that can cause human infections. It commonly causes bloodstream infections in immunocompromised hosts, and unlike other mycobacteria species, it rarely causes pulmonary infections. We confirmed the first pulmonary infection case in Korea caused by M. neoaurum using full-length 16S rRNA gene sequencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Ki Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Korean Institute of Tuberculosis, Osong, Korea
| | - Soo In Choi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Byung Ryul Jeon
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Yong-Wha Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea
| | - You Kyoung Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Hee Bong Shin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea
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24
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Kumar A, Pazhayattil GS, Das A, Conte HA. Mycobacterium neoaurum causing prosthetic valve endocarditis: a case report and review of the literature. Braz J Infect Dis 2014; 18:235-7. [PMID: 24076109 PMCID: PMC9427497 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjid.2013.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2012] [Revised: 05/26/2013] [Accepted: 05/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium neoaurum is a rare cause of bacteremia, and infection usually occurs in an immunocompromised host in the setting of an indwelling catheter. Prosthetic valve endocarditis due to non-tuberculous mycobacteria typically carries a dismal prognosis; we report a case of M. neoaurum prosthetic valve endocarditis with favorable response to antimicrobial therapy without surgical intervention.
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25
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Alhusseini M, Miceli MH, Chandrasekar P, Revankar S. Catheter-related bloodstream infection due to Mycobacterium neoaurum in a patient with acute leukemia. Leuk Lymphoma 2013; 55:1933-4. [PMID: 24152051 DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2013.858153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maha Alhusseini
- Wayne State University School of Medicine , Detroit, MI , USA
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26
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Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium and Mycobacterium neoaurum detection in an immunocompromised patient. Epidemiol Infect 2013; 142:882-5. [PMID: 23842543 DOI: 10.1017/s0950268813001660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-tuberculous mycobacteria are increasingly described as infectious agents in immunocompromised patients. A 17-year-old male patient suffering from secondary non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and treated with chemotherapeutic agents was admitted to hospital due to pleuropneumonia. Mycobacterium neoaurum was cultured repeatedly from his sputum and, Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium (M. a. avium) was detected by IS901 qPCR from detached fragments of his intestinal mucosa. We attempted to determine the possible sources of infection by analysing environmental samples from the closed oncology unit and conventional unit in the hospital, and from the patient's home residence and places which he frequented. The environment of the patient harboured mycobacteria (41 isolates in total); however, M. neoaurum was not recovered. M. a. avium was detected by qPCR in the environmental samples from a small flock of hens kept by his neighbour. Although it was not confirmed by DNA fingerprinting methods, the M. a. avium infection could have been acquired through the eating of incompletely cooked eggs.
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27
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Lorencova A, Klanicova B, Makovcova J, Slana I, Vojkovska H, Babak V, Pavlik I, Slany M. Nontuberculous mycobacteria in freshwater fish and fish products intended for human consumption. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2013; 10:573-6. [PMID: 23614799 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2012.1419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are potentially pathogenic agents commonly found in natural ecosystems, while food is considered to be another source of NTM for humans. We investigated a total of 92 tissue samples of freshwater fish and fish products: fish directly obtained from ponds (n=25), retail fresh (n=23) and frozen fish (n=23) and smoked fish products (n=21). Culture examination for the presence of mycobacteria was positive in 11 (11.9%) from all the examined samples. The 15 obtained isolates were identified as Mycobacterium fortuitum (n=5), M. immunogenum (n=2), M. phocaicum/ mucogenicum (n=1), M. neoaurum (n=2), M. peregrinum (n=2), M. porcinum (n=1) and M. senegalense/houstonense/conceptionense (n=2). NTM DNA was found in one (4.0%) sample of fresh fish from ponds and in 60.9% and 91.3% of retail fresh and frozen fish, respectively. None of the smoked fish products contained NTM DNA. The results of our study suggest that freshwater fish and fish products, especially retail frozen fish, might be a reservoir of NTM for humans, and proper handling and treatment before consumption of such products is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alena Lorencova
- Department of Food and Feed Safety, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
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El Helou G, Viola GM, Hachem R, Han XY, Raad II. Rapidly growing mycobacterial bloodstream infections. THE LANCET. INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2013; 13:166-74. [DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(12)70316-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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El Helou G, Hachem R, Viola GM, El Zakhem A, Chaftari AM, Jiang Y, Tarrand J, Raad II. Management of rapidly growing mycobacterial bacteremia in cancer patients. Clin Infect Dis 2012; 56:843-6. [PMID: 23254418 DOI: 10.1093/cid/cis1032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapidly growing mycobacteria (RGM) are environmental organisms capable of causing a wide spectrum of diseases. We identified 116 cancer patients with RGM. Mycobacterium mucogenicum was the leading cause of disease. Removal of the catheter correlated with significant decrease in the bacteremia relapse rate (P = .007). A median duration of 4 weeks of therapy produced a good outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilbert El Helou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Infection Control, and Employee Health, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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List of new names and new combinations previously effectively, but not validly, published. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2012. [DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.048033-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this announcement is to effect the valid publication of the following effectively published new names and new combinations under the procedure described in the Bacteriological Code (1990 Revision). Authors and other individuals wishing to have new names and/or combinations included in future lists should send three copies of the pertinent reprint or photocopies thereof, or an electronic copy of the published paper, to the IJSEM Editorial Office for confirmation that all of the other requirements for valid publication have been met. It is also a requirement of IJSEM and the ICSP that authors of new species, new subspecies and new combinations provide evidence that types are deposited in two recognized culture collections in two different countries. It should be noted that the date of valid publication of these new names and combinations is the date of publication of this list, not the date of the original publication of the names and combinations. The authors of the new names and combinations are as given below, and these authors’ names will be included in the author index of the present issue. Inclusion of a name on these lists validates the publication of the name and thereby makes it available in bacteriological nomenclature. The inclusion of a name on this list is not to be construed as taxonomic acceptance of the taxon to which the name is applied. Indeed, some of these names may, in time, be shown to be synonyms, or the organisms may be transferred to another genus, thus necessitating the creation of a new combination.
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Brown-Elliott BA, Nash KA, Wallace RJ. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing, drug resistance mechanisms, and therapy of infections with nontuberculous mycobacteria. Clin Microbiol Rev 2012; 25:545-82. [PMID: 22763637 PMCID: PMC3416486 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.05030-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 335] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Within the past 10 years, treatment and diagnostic guidelines for nontuberculous mycobacteria have been recommended by the American Thoracic Society (ATS) and the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA). Moreover, the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) has published and recently (in 2011) updated recommendations including suggested antimicrobial and susceptibility breakpoints. The CLSI has also recommended the broth microdilution method as the gold standard for laboratories performing antimicrobial susceptibility testing of nontuberculous mycobacteria. This article reviews the laboratory, diagnostic, and treatment guidelines together with established and probable drug resistance mechanisms of the nontuberculous mycobacteria.
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Honarvar B, Movahedan H, Mahmoodi M, Sheikholeslami FM, Farnia P. Mycobacterium aurum keratitis: An unusual etiology of a sight-threatening infection. Braz J Infect Dis 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s1413-8670(12)70308-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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García-Martos P, García-Agudo L. [Infections due to rapidly growing mycobacteria]. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin 2011; 30:192-200. [PMID: 22133415 DOI: 10.1016/j.eimc.2011.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2011] [Revised: 08/30/2011] [Accepted: 09/10/2011] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Rapidly growing mycobacteria (RGM) are ubiquitous in nature and widely distributed in water, soil and animals. During the past three decades we have observed a notable increment of infections caused by RGM, both localized and disseminated, as well as nosocomial outbreaks of contaminated medical equipment. The microbiological diagnosis of RGM infections includes direct microscopic observation and culture. The taxonomic identification is performed by phenotypic, biochemical, chromatographic and molecular biology techniques. The treatment differs from that of other mycobacteriosis like tuberculosis, owing to the variable in vitro susceptibility of the species of this group. The RGM are resistant to conventional antituberculous drugs, but can be susceptible to broad spectrum antimicrobial agents. In this study we comment on the significant aspects of human infections by RGM, including their biology, epidemiology, pathology, microbiological diagnosis, taxonomic identification, antimicrobial susceptibility and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro García-Martos
- Unidad de Micobacterias, Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Cádiz, Spain.
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