1
|
Mihaljević Ž, Reil I, Habuš J, Štritof Z, Naletilić Š, Jurkić Krsteska G, Kovač T, Zdelar-Tuk M, Duvnjak S, Špičić S. Mycobacteriosis in a Pet Ferret ( Mustela putorius furo) Caused by Mycobacterium xenopi: A Case Report on Neglected Risk of Zoonotic Transmission. Pathogens 2024; 13:328. [PMID: 38668283 PMCID: PMC11054065 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13040328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Ferrets are highly susceptible to a wide range of mycobacteria, mainly M. bovis, M. avium, and M. triplex. Therefore, ferrets pose a risk of transmission of mycobacteriosis, especially zoonotically relevant tuberculosis. The aim of this study was to describe the findings of M. xenopi mycobacteriosis in a pet ferret and emphasize its zoonotic potential. A pet ferret had a history of weight loss, apathy, hyporexia, and hair loss. Abdominal ultrasound revealed splenomegaly with two solid masses and cystic lesions of the liver. Fine-needle aspiration cytology revealed numerous acid-fast bacilli in epithelioid cells, thus leading to the suspicion of mycobacterial infection. Because of its poor general condition, the ferret was euthanized. Necropsy examination revealed generalized granulomatous lymphadenitis, pneumonia, myocarditis, splenitis, and hepatitis. Histologically, in all organs, there were multifocal to coalescing areas of inflammatory infiltration composed of epithelioid macrophages, a low number of lymphocytes, and plasma cells, without necrosis nor multinucleated giant cells. Ziehl-Neelsen staining detected the presence of numerous (multibacillary) acid-fast bacteria, which were PCR-typed as M. xenopi. This is the first study showing the antimicrobial susceptibility testing of M. xenopi in veterinary medicine, describing the resistance to doxycycline. Overall, our results could facilitate further diagnosis and provide guidelines for the treatment protocols for such infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Željko Mihaljević
- Croatian Veterinary Institute, Savska Cesta 143, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (Ž.M.); (M.Z.-T.); (S.D.); (S.Š.)
| | - Irena Reil
- Croatian Veterinary Institute, Savska Cesta 143, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (Ž.M.); (M.Z.-T.); (S.D.); (S.Š.)
| | - Josipa Habuš
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Heinzelova 55, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (J.H.); (Z.Š.); (G.J.K.)
| | - Zrinka Štritof
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Heinzelova 55, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (J.H.); (Z.Š.); (G.J.K.)
| | - Šimun Naletilić
- Croatian Veterinary Institute, Savska Cesta 143, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (Ž.M.); (M.Z.-T.); (S.D.); (S.Š.)
| | - Gabrijela Jurkić Krsteska
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Heinzelova 55, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (J.H.); (Z.Š.); (G.J.K.)
| | - Tajna Kovač
- Veterinary Clinic Dr. Pezo, Ede Murtica 2, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Maja Zdelar-Tuk
- Croatian Veterinary Institute, Savska Cesta 143, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (Ž.M.); (M.Z.-T.); (S.D.); (S.Š.)
| | - Sanja Duvnjak
- Croatian Veterinary Institute, Savska Cesta 143, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (Ž.M.); (M.Z.-T.); (S.D.); (S.Š.)
| | - Silvio Špičić
- Croatian Veterinary Institute, Savska Cesta 143, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (Ž.M.); (M.Z.-T.); (S.D.); (S.Š.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Špičić S, Duvnjak S, Papić B, Reil I, Zrnčić S, Mihaljević Ž, Naletilić Š, Zupičić IG, Kompes G, Habrun B, Mareković I, Zdelar-Tuk M. Description of Mycobacterium pinniadriaticum sp. nov., isolated from a noble pen shell ( Pinna nobilis) population in Croatia. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1289182. [PMID: 38192290 PMCID: PMC10773828 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1289182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Shortly before the mass mortality event of the noble pen shell (Pinna nobilis) population in the south-eastern Adriatic coast, two rapidly growing Mycobacterium strains CVI_P3T (DSM 114013 T, ATCC TSD-295 T) and CVI_P4 were obtained from the organs of individual mollusks during the regular health status monitoring. Methods The strains were identified as members of the genus Mycobacterium using basic phenotypic characteristics, genus-specific PCR assays targeting the hsp65 and 16S rRNA genes and the commercial hybridization kit GenoType Mycobacterium CM (Hain Lifescience, Germany). MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry did not provide reliable identification using the Bruker Biotyper Database. Results and discussion Genome-wide phylogeny and average nucleotide identity (ANI) values confirmed that the studied strains are clearly differentiated from their closest phylogenetic relative Mycobacterium aromaticivorans and other validly published Mycobacterium species (ANI ≤ 85.0%). The type strain CVI_P3T was further characterized by a polyphasic approach using both phenotypic and genotypic methods. Based on the phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic results, we conclude that strains CVI_P3T and CVI_P4 represent a novel species, for which the name Mycobacterium pinniadriaticum sp. nov. is proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvio Špičić
- Laboratory for Bacterial Zoonosis and Molecular Diagnostics of Bacterial Diseases, Department of Bacteriology and Parasitology, Croatian Veterinary Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Sanja Duvnjak
- Laboratory for Bacterial Zoonosis and Molecular Diagnostics of Bacterial Diseases, Department of Bacteriology and Parasitology, Croatian Veterinary Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Bojan Papić
- Veterinary Faculty, Institute of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Irena Reil
- Laboratory for Bacterial Zoonosis and Molecular Diagnostics of Bacterial Diseases, Department of Bacteriology and Parasitology, Croatian Veterinary Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Snježana Zrnčić
- Laboratory for Fish Pathology, Department for Pathological Morphology, Croatian Veterinary Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Željko Mihaljević
- Laboratory for Pathology, Department for Pathological Morphology, Croatian Veterinary Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Šimun Naletilić
- Laboratory for Pathology, Department for Pathological Morphology, Croatian Veterinary Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivana Giovanna Zupičić
- Laboratory for Fish Pathology, Department for Pathological Morphology, Croatian Veterinary Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Gordan Kompes
- Laboratory for General Bacteriology and Mycology, Department of Bacteriology and Parasitology, Croatian Veterinary Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Boris Habrun
- Laboratory for General Bacteriology and Mycology, Department of Bacteriology and Parasitology, Croatian Veterinary Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivana Mareković
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Microbiology, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Maja Zdelar-Tuk
- Laboratory for Bacterial Zoonosis and Molecular Diagnostics of Bacterial Diseases, Department of Bacteriology and Parasitology, Croatian Veterinary Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Reil I, Špičić S, Barbić L, Duvnjak S, Kompes G, Benić M, Stojević D, Cvetnić Ž, Arapović J, Zdelar-Tuk M. Antimicrobial Resistance in Rapidly Growing Nontuberculous Mycobacteria among Domestic and Wild Animals Emphasizing the Zoonotic Potential. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2520. [PMID: 37894179 PMCID: PMC10609087 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11102520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are opportunistic pathogens capable of causing infections in humans and animals. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the potential role of domestic and wild animals as a reservoir of multiple resistant, rapidly growing NTM strains representing a potential zoonotic threat to humans. A total of 87 animal isolates belonging to 11 rapidly growing species (visible colonies appear within three to seven days) were genotyped and tested for susceptibility to the 15 most commonly used antibiotics in the treatment of such infections in a human clinic. By determining the antimicrobial susceptibility, the most prevalent resistance was found to cephalosporins (>50%), followed by amoxicillin-clavulanate (31.0%), clarithromycin (23.0%), tobramycin (14.9%) and doxycycline (10.3%). Resistance to imipenem, ciprofloxacin, minocycline and linezolid was notably lower (<7.0%). All tested isolates were susceptible to amikacin and moxifloxacin. The most frequent resistance was proved in the most pathogenic species: M. fortuitum, M. neoaurum, M. vaccae and M. porcinum. Meanwhile, other species displayed a higher sensitivity rate. No significant resistance differences between domestic and wild animals were found. The established significant frequency of resistance highlights the significant zoonotic potential posed by circulating rapidly growing NTM strains, which could lead to challenges in the treatment of these infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irena Reil
- Croatian Veterinary Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.R.); (S.Š.); (M.B.); (D.S.); (Ž.C.); (M.Z.-T.)
| | - Silvio Špičić
- Croatian Veterinary Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.R.); (S.Š.); (M.B.); (D.S.); (Ž.C.); (M.Z.-T.)
| | - Ljubo Barbić
- The Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Sanja Duvnjak
- Croatian Veterinary Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.R.); (S.Š.); (M.B.); (D.S.); (Ž.C.); (M.Z.-T.)
| | - Gordan Kompes
- Croatian Veterinary Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.R.); (S.Š.); (M.B.); (D.S.); (Ž.C.); (M.Z.-T.)
| | - Miroslav Benić
- Croatian Veterinary Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.R.); (S.Š.); (M.B.); (D.S.); (Ž.C.); (M.Z.-T.)
| | - Dora Stojević
- Croatian Veterinary Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.R.); (S.Š.); (M.B.); (D.S.); (Ž.C.); (M.Z.-T.)
| | - Željko Cvetnić
- Croatian Veterinary Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.R.); (S.Š.); (M.B.); (D.S.); (Ž.C.); (M.Z.-T.)
| | - Jurica Arapović
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University Clinical Hospital Mostar, 88000 Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina;
- School of Medicine, University of Mostar, 88000 Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Maja Zdelar-Tuk
- Croatian Veterinary Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.R.); (S.Š.); (M.B.); (D.S.); (Ž.C.); (M.Z.-T.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kompes G, Duvnjak S, Reil I, Hendriksen RS, Sørensen LH, Zdelar-Tuk M, Habrun B, Cvetnić L, Bagarić A, Špičić S. First Report and Characterization of the mcr-1 Positive Multidrug-Resistant Escherichia coli Strain Isolated from Pigs in Croatia. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2442. [PMID: 37894098 PMCID: PMC10609023 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11102442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence and rapid spread of the plasmid-mediated colistin-resistant mcr-1 gene introduced a serious threat to public health. In 2021, a multi-drug resistant, mcr-1 positive Escherichia coli EC1945 strain, was isolated from pig caecal content in Croatia. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing and whole genome sequencing were performed. Bioinformatics tools were used to determine the presence of resistance genes, plasmid Inc groups, serotype, sequence type, virulence factors, and plasmid reconstruction. The isolated strain showed phenotypic and genotypic resistance to nine antimicrobial classes. It was resistant to colistin, gentamicin, ampicillin, cefepime, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, sulfamethoxazole, chloramphenicol, nalidixic acid, and ciprofloxacin. Antimicrobial resistance genes included mcr-1, blaTEM-1B, blaCTX-M-1, aac(3)-IId, aph(3')-Ia, aadA5, sul2, catA1, gyrA (S83L, D87N), and parC (A56T, S80I). The mcr-1 gene was located within the conjugative IncX4 plasmid. IncI1, IncFIB, and IncFII plasmids were also detected. The isolate also harbored 14 virulence genes and was classified as ST744 and O101:H10. ST744 is a member of the ST10 group which includes commensal, extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli isolates that play a crucial role as a reservoir of genes. Further efforts are needed to identify mcr-1-carrying E. coli isolates in Croatia, especially in food-producing animals to identify such gene reservoirs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gordan Kompes
- Department for Bacteriology and Parasitology, Croatian Veterinary Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (G.K.); (M.Z.-T.); (B.H.); (L.C.); (A.B.); (S.Š.)
| | - Sanja Duvnjak
- Department for Bacteriology and Parasitology, Croatian Veterinary Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (G.K.); (M.Z.-T.); (B.H.); (L.C.); (A.B.); (S.Š.)
| | - Irena Reil
- Department for Bacteriology and Parasitology, Croatian Veterinary Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (G.K.); (M.Z.-T.); (B.H.); (L.C.); (A.B.); (S.Š.)
| | - Rene S. Hendriksen
- Research Group for Global Capacity Building, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark; (R.S.H.); (L.H.S.)
| | - Lauge Holm Sørensen
- Research Group for Global Capacity Building, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark; (R.S.H.); (L.H.S.)
| | - Maja Zdelar-Tuk
- Department for Bacteriology and Parasitology, Croatian Veterinary Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (G.K.); (M.Z.-T.); (B.H.); (L.C.); (A.B.); (S.Š.)
| | - Boris Habrun
- Department for Bacteriology and Parasitology, Croatian Veterinary Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (G.K.); (M.Z.-T.); (B.H.); (L.C.); (A.B.); (S.Š.)
| | - Luka Cvetnić
- Department for Bacteriology and Parasitology, Croatian Veterinary Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (G.K.); (M.Z.-T.); (B.H.); (L.C.); (A.B.); (S.Š.)
| | - Antonela Bagarić
- Department for Bacteriology and Parasitology, Croatian Veterinary Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (G.K.); (M.Z.-T.); (B.H.); (L.C.); (A.B.); (S.Š.)
| | - Silvio Špičić
- Department for Bacteriology and Parasitology, Croatian Veterinary Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (G.K.); (M.Z.-T.); (B.H.); (L.C.); (A.B.); (S.Š.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Tomljenovic M, Lakošeljac D, Knežević L, Bubonja-Šonje M, Abram M, Špičić S, Zdelar-Tuk M, Duvnjak S, Reil I, Valjin O, Kramarić M, Miškić T, Janković IL, Rončević D. Coxiella burnetii (Q-fever) outbreak associated with non-occupational exposure in a semi-urban area of western Croatia in 2022. Zoonoses Public Health 2022; 70:285-293. [PMID: 36582027 DOI: 10.1111/zph.13022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In March 2022, an outbreak of Q fever (Coxiella burnetii) with non-occupational exposure was confirmed in a semi-urban area in Čavle, Croatia. Veterinary and human epidemiological investigations were conducted to identify the source of the outbreak and to implement appropriate control measures. Three farms were settled next to each other near the homes of the first human cases at the end of the street. The closest farm was less than 500 meters away. These farms contained 161 adult sheep and goats. Among the animal samples analysed, all 16 goats (100%) and 24/50 sheep (48%) tested positive for C. burnetii IgM/IgG antibodies, phase I and II. One out of five sheeps' vaginal swabs were C. burnetti DNA positive. Human testing revealed 20 confirmed and three probable cases (9/23 pneumonia, 2/23 hepatitis, 21/23 fever), with three hospitalizations, and one death. Twenty-seven cases were discarded following negative laboratory results. The epidemiological investigation revealed airborne transmission as the most likely route of transmission. Multiple logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate risk factors for Q fever infection. Persons who were near the farms (≤750 m) (OR 4.5; 95% CI = 1.1-18.3) and lived in the nearest street to the farms had the highest risk of contracting Q fever (OR 3.7; 95% CI = 1.1-13.6). Decreased rainfall compared to monthly averages was recorded in the months prior to the outbreak with several days of strong wind in January preceding the outbreak. This was the largest Q fever outbreak in the county in the last 16 years, which was unexpected due to its location and non-occupational exposure. To stop the outbreak, numerous intensive biosecurity measures were implemented. The outbreak highlights the importance of urban development strategies to limit the number of animal housing near residential areas while providing regular biosecurity measures to prevent infections in livestock.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Morana Tomljenovic
- Department of Social Medicine and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Rijeka, Croatia.,Department of Epidemiology, Teaching Institute of Public Health of the Primorje-Gorski Kotar County, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Danijela Lakošeljac
- Department of Epidemiology, Teaching Institute of Public Health of the Primorje-Gorski Kotar County, Rijeka, Croatia.,Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Studies, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Lucija Knežević
- Department of Epidemiology, Teaching Institute of Public Health of the Primorje-Gorski Kotar County, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Marina Bubonja-Šonje
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Clinical Hospital Centre Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia.,Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Maja Abram
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Clinical Hospital Centre Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia.,Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Silvio Špičić
- Department of Bacteriology and Parasitology, Croatian Veterinary Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Maja Zdelar-Tuk
- Department of Bacteriology and Parasitology, Croatian Veterinary Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Sanja Duvnjak
- Department of Bacteriology and Parasitology, Croatian Veterinary Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Irena Reil
- Department of Bacteriology and Parasitology, Croatian Veterinary Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Orea Valjin
- State Inspectorate of Republic of Croatia, Regional office Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Melanija Kramarić
- State Inspectorate of Republic of Croatia, Regional office Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Tihana Miškić
- Ministry of Agriculture, Veterinary and Food Safety Directorate, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Dobrica Rončević
- Department of Epidemiology, Teaching Institute of Public Health of the Primorje-Gorski Kotar County, Rijeka, Croatia.,Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Studies, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Arapović J, Kompes G, Dedić K, Teskeredžić S, Ostojić M, Travar M, Tihić N, Delić J, Skočibušić S, Zekiri-Sivro M, Verhaz A, Piljić D, Laura L, Duvnjak S, Zdelar-Tuk M, Arapović M, Šabotić E, Reil I, Nikolić J, Ahmetagić S, Cvetnić Ž, Habrun B, Bosilkovski M, Špičić S. Antimicrobial resistance profiles of human Brucella melitensis isolates in three different microdilution broths: First multicentre study in Bosnia and Herzegovina. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2022; 29:99-104. [PMID: 35182775 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2022.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brucellosis is a ubiquitous emergent bacterial zoonotic disease causing significant human morbidity in Bosnia and Herzegovina. So far, a high rate of resistant Brucella has been found worldwide. This study prospectively analysed the rates of resistance among human Brucella melitensis (B. melitensis) strains isolated in Bosnia and Herzegovina. METHODS This study included 108 B. melitensis isolates from 209 patients diagnosed at five medical centres in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The resistance profiles of the B. melitensis isolates for the 13 most commonly used antimicrobials were studied in standard Brucella broth (BB) and cation-adjusted Mueller-Hinton broth (CAMHB) supplemented with 4% lysed horse blood or 5% defibrinated sheep blood. RESULTS Of the 209 patients, B. melitensis blood cultures were positive for 111 (53.1%). Among the 108 isolates investigated, 91 (84.3%) were resistant to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole on BB, but not on either CAMHB. Nearly all isolates (>90%) were resistant to azithromycin on BB and both CAMHBs. CONCLUSIONS We observed a high rate of B. melitensis resistance to azithromycin. The high rate of resistance to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole that we observed was related to BB, so an alternative broth should be used, such as the enriched CAMHBs in this study, for evaluating resistance to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Whole-genome sequencing studies are needed to understand the development of antimicrobial resistance in B. melitensis strains isolated from humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jurica Arapović
- University Clinical Hospital Mostar, Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina; School of Medicine, University of Mostar, Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
| | | | - Kanita Dedić
- Cantonal Hospital "Dr. Irfan Ljubijankic", Bihac, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | | | - Maja Ostojić
- University Clinical Hospital Mostar, Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Maja Travar
- University Clinical Centre of the Republic of Srpska, Banja Luka, The Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina; Faculty of Medicine, University of Banja Luka, Banja Luka, The Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Nijaz Tihić
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Banja Luka, Banja Luka, The Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Jasminka Delić
- Cantonal Hospital "Dr. Irfan Ljubijankic", Bihac, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Siniša Skočibušić
- University Clinical Hospital Mostar, Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina; School of Medicine, University of Mostar, Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | | | - Antonija Verhaz
- University Clinical Centre of the Republic of Srpska, Banja Luka, The Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina; Faculty of Medicine, University of Banja Luka, Banja Luka, The Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Dilista Piljić
- University Clinical Center Tuzla, Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Luka Laura
- Veterinary Institute of Herzegovina-Neretva Canton, Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | | | | | - Maja Arapović
- School of Medicine, University of Mostar, Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina; Veterinary Institute of Herzegovina-Neretva Canton, Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Enisa Šabotić
- Cantonal Hospital "Dr. Irfan Ljubijankic", Bihac, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Irena Reil
- Croatian Veterinary Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jadranka Nikolić
- University Clinical Hospital Mostar, Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina; School of Medicine, University of Mostar, Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Sead Ahmetagić
- University Clinical Center Tuzla, Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | | | | | - Mile Bosilkovski
- Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Faculty of Medicine, University Clinic for Infectious Diseases, Skopje, Republic of North Macedonia
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Spicic S, Zdelar-Tuk M, Ponsart C, Hendriksen RS, Reil I, Girault G, Leekitcharoenphon P, Rukavina V, Rubin M, Freddi L, Duvnjak S. New Brucella variant isolated from Croatian cattle. BMC Vet Res 2021; 17:126. [PMID: 33743687 PMCID: PMC7981855 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-021-02833-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A novel Brucella strain closely related to Brucella (B.) melitensis biovar (bv) 3 was found in Croatian cattle during testing within a brucellosis eradication programme. Case presentation Standardised serological, brucellin skin test, bacteriological and molecular diagnostic screening for Brucella infection led to positive detection in one dairy cattle herd. Three isolates from that herd were identified to species level using the Bruce ladder method. Initially, two strains were typed as B. melitensis and one as B. abortus, but multiplex PCR based on IS711 and the Suis ladder showed that all of them to belong to B. melitensis, and the combination of whole-genome and multi-locus sequencing as well as Multi-Locus Variable numbers of tandem repeats Analysis (MLVA) highlighted a strong proximity within the phylogenetic branch of B. melitensis strains previously isolated from Croatia, Albania, Kosovo and Bosnia and Herzegovina. Two isolates were determined to be B. melitensis bv. 3, while the third showed a unique phylogenetic profile, growth profile on dyes and bacteriophage typing results. This isolate contained the 609-bp omp31 sequence, but not the 723-bp omp31 sequence present in the two isolates of B. melitensis bv. 3. Conclusions Identification of a novel Brucella variant in this geographic region is predictable given the historic endemicity of brucellosis. The emergence of a new variant may reflect a combination of high prevalence among domestic ruminants and humans as well as weak eradication strategies. The zoonotic potential, reservoirs and transmission pathways of this and other Brucella variants should be explored. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12917-021-02833-w.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvio Spicic
- Department of Bacteriology and Parasitology, Laboratory for Bacterial Zoonosis and Molecular Diagnostics of Bacterial Diseases, Croatian Veterinary Institute, Savska street 143, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Maja Zdelar-Tuk
- Department of Bacteriology and Parasitology, Laboratory for Bacterial Zoonosis and Molecular Diagnostics of Bacterial Diseases, Croatian Veterinary Institute, Savska street 143, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Claire Ponsart
- French Agency for Food, Environmental & Occupational Health Safety (ANSES), Bacterial Zoonoses Unit - Animal Health Laboratory, National & OIE/FAO Animal Brucellosis Reference Laboratory, EU Reference Laboratory for Brucellosis, 14 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, Maisons-Alfort, Cedex, France
| | - Rene S Hendriksen
- Technical University of Denmark, National Food Institute, Research Group for Genomic Epidemiology, Kemitorvet, Building 204, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Irena Reil
- Department of Bacteriology and Parasitology, Laboratory for Bacterial Zoonosis and Molecular Diagnostics of Bacterial Diseases, Croatian Veterinary Institute, Savska street 143, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Guillaume Girault
- French Agency for Food, Environmental & Occupational Health Safety (ANSES), Bacterial Zoonoses Unit - Animal Health Laboratory, National & OIE/FAO Animal Brucellosis Reference Laboratory, EU Reference Laboratory for Brucellosis, 14 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, Maisons-Alfort, Cedex, France
| | - Pimlapas Leekitcharoenphon
- Technical University of Denmark, National Food Institute, Research Group for Genomic Epidemiology, Kemitorvet, Building 204, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Vesna Rukavina
- Ministry of Agriculture, Veterinary and Food Safety Directorate, Veterinary Office Sisak, Branch Office Glina, Trg bana Josipa Jelačića 2, 44 400, Glina, Croatia
| | - Martina Rubin
- Ministry of Agriculture, Veterinary and Food Safety Directorate, Department for Veterinary Epidemiology, Planinska 2a, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Luca Freddi
- French Agency for Food, Environmental & Occupational Health Safety (ANSES), Bacterial Zoonoses Unit - Animal Health Laboratory, National & OIE/FAO Animal Brucellosis Reference Laboratory, EU Reference Laboratory for Brucellosis, 14 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, Maisons-Alfort, Cedex, France
| | - Sanja Duvnjak
- Department of Bacteriology and Parasitology, Laboratory for Bacterial Zoonosis and Molecular Diagnostics of Bacterial Diseases, Croatian Veterinary Institute, Savska street 143, Zagreb, Croatia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Duvnjak S, Račić I, Špičić S, Zdelar-Tuk M, Reil I, Cvetnić Ž. Molecular epidemiology of Brucella melitensis strains causing outbreaks in Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina. Acta Vet Hung 2018; 66:177-188. [PMID: 29958525 DOI: 10.1556/004.2018.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The most recent data on the incidence of brucellosis in Southeast Europe prove the persistence of this zoonosis in the area, regardless of constant efforts at controlling it as one of the most dangerous zoonoses. Forty-three Brucella melitensis strains were collected from cattle, sheep, goats and humans from Croatia as well as Bosnia and Herzegovina between 2009 and 2015. The strains were identified and genotyped in order to determine their epidemiological background. Standard biotyping methods and Bruce-ladder were used to identify the strains. Genotyping was done using multilocus variable number tandem repeats analysis (MLVA) on 16 and multilocus sequence typing analysis (MLST) on nine loci. Results were compared to each other and to internationally available data. Twenty- five novel genotypes and two sequence types were identified. All tested strains, apart from vaccine and reference strains, showed very close phylogenetic and geographic relationships. The genotyping results indicate the endemicity of brucellosis in this region. MLST showed no variation, confirming the stability of housekeeping genes. The results confirm already established routes of disease spread in this area, showing that a more detailed and vigorous control of this zoonosis is necessary.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sanja Duvnjak
- Laboratory for Bacterial Zoonoses and Molecular Diagnosis of Bacterial Diseases, Department for Bacteriology and Parasitology, Croatian Veterinary Institute, Savska cesta 143, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivana Račić
- Laboratory for Bacterial Zoonoses and Molecular Diagnosis of Bacterial Diseases, Department for Bacteriology and Parasitology, Croatian Veterinary Institute, Savska cesta 143, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Silvio Špičić
- Laboratory for Bacterial Zoonoses and Molecular Diagnosis of Bacterial Diseases, Department for Bacteriology and Parasitology, Croatian Veterinary Institute, Savska cesta 143, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Maja Zdelar-Tuk
- Laboratory for Bacterial Zoonoses and Molecular Diagnosis of Bacterial Diseases, Department for Bacteriology and Parasitology, Croatian Veterinary Institute, Savska cesta 143, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Irena Reil
- Laboratory for Bacterial Zoonoses and Molecular Diagnosis of Bacterial Diseases, Department for Bacteriology and Parasitology, Croatian Veterinary Institute, Savska cesta 143, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Željko Cvetnić
- Laboratory for Bacterial Zoonoses and Molecular Diagnosis of Bacterial Diseases, Department for Bacteriology and Parasitology, Croatian Veterinary Institute, Savska cesta 143, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Cvetnić Ž, Duvnjak S, Đuras M, Gomerčić T, Reil I, Zdelar-Tuk M, Špičić S. Evidence of Brucella strain ST27 in bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) in Europe. Vet Microbiol 2016; 196:93-97. [PMID: 27939163 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2016.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Revised: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Marine mammal brucellosis has been known for more than 20 years, but recent work suggests it is more widespread than originally thought. Brucella (B.) pinnipedialis has been isolated from pinnipeds, while B. ceti strains have been associated with cetaceans. Here we report a Brucella strain isolated from multiple lymph nodes of one bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) during routine examination of dolphin carcasses found in the Croatian part of the northern Adriatic Sea during the summer of 2015. Classical bacteriological biotyping, PCR-based techniques (single, multiplex, PCR-RFLP) and 16S rRNA DNA sequencing were used to identify Brucella spp. Multiple-locus variable number tandem repeat analysis of 16 loci and multilocus sequence typing of 9 loci were used for genotyping and species determination. The combination of bacteriological, molecular and genotyping techniques identified our strain as ST27, previously identified as a human pathogen. This report provides, to our knowledge, the first evidence of ST27 in the Adriatic Sea in particular and in European waters in general. The zoonotic nature of the strain and its presence in the Adriatic, which is inhabited by bottlenose dolphins, suggest that the strain may pose a significant threat to human health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Željko Cvetnić
- Croatian Veterinary Institute, Department of Bacteriology and Parasitology, Laboratory for Bacterial Zoonosis and Molecular Diagnostics of Bacterial Diseases, Savska Street 143, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Sanja Duvnjak
- Croatian Veterinary Institute, Department of Bacteriology and Parasitology, Laboratory for Bacterial Zoonosis and Molecular Diagnostics of Bacterial Diseases, Savska Street 143, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Martina Đuras
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Heinzelova Street 55, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tomislav Gomerčić
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Biology, Heinzelova Street 55, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Irena Reil
- Croatian Veterinary Institute, Department of Bacteriology and Parasitology, Laboratory for Bacterial Zoonosis and Molecular Diagnostics of Bacterial Diseases, Savska Street 143, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Maja Zdelar-Tuk
- Croatian Veterinary Institute, Department of Bacteriology and Parasitology, Laboratory for Bacterial Zoonosis and Molecular Diagnostics of Bacterial Diseases, Savska Street 143, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Silvio Špičić
- Croatian Veterinary Institute, Department of Bacteriology and Parasitology, Laboratory for Bacterial Zoonosis and Molecular Diagnostics of Bacterial Diseases, Savska Street 143, Zagreb, Croatia.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Duvnjak S, Račić I, Špičić S, Zdelar-Tuk M, Reil I, Cvetnić Ž. Characterisation of Brucella suis isolates from Southeast Europe by multi-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis. Vet Microbiol 2015; 180:146-50. [PMID: 26324171 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2015.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Revised: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/14/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Porcine brucellosis is a common bacterial zoonosis which can cause significant financial losses. Its diverse and often complicated factors have hampered efforts to control disease spread. The aim of the study was to assess the epidemiological situation of porcine brucellosis primarily in Croatia and its relationship to genotypes present in other, mostly European countries. One hundred and seven Brucella suis strains isolated from swine, hares, cattle, humans, wild hares, a wild boar and a mare originating mainly from Croatia (112), but also a few from Slovenia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia and Macedonia (15) were tested using classical microbiological testing, Bruce-ladder, RFLP, Multiplex-suis and genotyped using multi-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA). We determined 43 Brucella suis genotypes. Strains were grouped according to phylogenetic and geographic relationships, revealing both regional specificity and uniqueness and suggesting possible sources and modes of spread among animals. Our study also confirmed problems with Bruce19 locus that may hinder comparisons of new types with those in the international database. Forty-one novel genotypes were identified and deposited into the international database. Our study supports the idea of wild animals as a source of disease in domestic animals and also gives evidence to hypothesis of cross-border animal trafficking between former Yugoslavian countries. It also highlights the need to expand such research across more of southeast Europe, especially to countries with poorer social and economical situation in order to prevent a realistic outbreak and for better understanding of the biology of this pathogen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sanja Duvnjak
- Croatian Veterinary Institute, Department for Bacteriology and Parasitology, Laboratory for Bacterial Zoonoses and Molecular Diagnosis of Bacterial Diseases, Savska cesta 143, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Ivana Račić
- Croatian Veterinary Institute, Department for Bacteriology and Parasitology, Laboratory for Bacterial Zoonoses and Molecular Diagnosis of Bacterial Diseases, Savska cesta 143, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Silvio Špičić
- Croatian Veterinary Institute, Department for Bacteriology and Parasitology, Laboratory for Bacterial Zoonoses and Molecular Diagnosis of Bacterial Diseases, Savska cesta 143, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Maja Zdelar-Tuk
- Croatian Veterinary Institute, Department for Bacteriology and Parasitology, Laboratory for Bacterial Zoonoses and Molecular Diagnosis of Bacterial Diseases, Savska cesta 143, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Irena Reil
- Croatian Veterinary Institute, Department for Bacteriology and Parasitology, Laboratory for Bacterial Zoonoses and Molecular Diagnosis of Bacterial Diseases, Savska cesta 143, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Željko Cvetnić
- Croatian Veterinary Institute, Department for Bacteriology and Parasitology, Laboratory for Bacterial Zoonoses and Molecular Diagnosis of Bacterial Diseases, Savska cesta 143, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Spičic S, Andrijanić M, Duvnjak S, Zdelar-Tuk M, Stepanić M, Cvetnić Z. Emerging cases of chlamydial abortion in sheep and goats in Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina. Berl Munch Tierarztl Wochenschr 2015; 128:183-187. [PMID: 26054222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In a recent lambing season (2012/2013), the seroprevalence of ovine chlamydiosis was monitored in small ruminant abortion cases in Croatia. Blood samples of 93 sheep and 69 goats were examined. In addition, 50 sheep and 61 goat samples were tested using molecular methods. Furthermore, 14 sheep blood samples, one goat blood sample and one sheep placenta sample from Bosnia and Herzegovina (BIH) were also tested as a part of inter-laboratory cooperation. Overall high seroprevalence was detected in sheep, 19.6% with the ELISA IDEXX kit and 20.5% with the ClVTEST kit. Seroprevalence in goats was 11.4%. In BIH, four sheep and one goat blood sample were seropositive for chlamydiosis. The disease causing agent, Chlamydia abortus (C. abortus) was confirmed using molecular methods in two sheep flocks in continental Croatia and in one sheep flock in BIH. In this study, C. abortus infection in sheep was identified for the first time in Croatia using species specific molecular methods. Ovine chlamydiosis is present in national sheep and goat flocks in Croatia and BIH. Thus should be subject to ongoing controls in the case of abortion. A combination of serological and molecular methods should be used for optimal laboratory diagnostics of C. abortus.
Collapse
|
12
|
Cvetnić Ž, Špičić S, Kiš T, Zdelar-Tuk M, Duvnjak S, Račić I, Benić M, Habrun B, Reil I, Šostar Z. Melitococcosis in the republic of croatia. Psychiatr Danub 2014; 26 Suppl 3:546-551. [PMID: 25536995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Melitococcosis is one of the most widespread zoonoses worldwide. In the period from 2009 to 2013, comprehensive melitococcosis testing was conducted in the Republic of Croatia. METHODS AND RESULTS During the testing, the Rose Bengal test was applied to 344019 blood samples of sheep and goats, and positive reactions were confirmed in 1143 (0.3%) of samples. The complement fixation test (confirmatory test) was conducted on 43428 samples, with positive reactions confirmed in 768 (1.8%) of samples. The organs and tissues of 336 sheep and goats were inspected bacteriologically, and Brucella sp. was isolated in 15 (4.5%) of samples. Positive serological and bacteriological reactions were confirmed in the Karlovac, Lika-Senj and Split-Dalmatia Counties. Bacteriological and molecular techniques (Bru-up/Bru-low and Bruce-Ladder) in isolates proved the presence of Brucella melitensis biovar 3. CONCLUSION On the basis of this study, it can be concluded that Croatia has a favourable situation concerning the infection of ruminants with B. melitensis, and that ongoing controls of the disease are necessary.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Željko Cvetnić
- Croatian Veterinary Institute Zagreb (Department of Bacteriology and Parasitology), Savska cesta 143, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Croatia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Spicić S, Zdelar-Tuk M, Racić I, Duvnjak S, Cvetnić Z. Serological, bacteriological, and molecular diagnosis of brucellosis in domestic animals in Croatia. Croat Med J 2011; 51:320-6. [PMID: 20718085 DOI: 10.3325/cmj.2010.51.320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To present the surveillance data on Brucella melitensis, B. suis, and B. ovis infection in cattle, sheep, goats, and swine in Croatia obtained in 2008 by serological, bacteriological, and molecular methods for diagnostics of brucellosis in domestic animals. METHODS We serologically tested 42,785 cattle serums, 22,686 sheep and goat serums, and 28520 swine serums using the Rose Bengal test, complement fixation test, and various immunosorbent assays. We also tested 10,173 ram blood samples for B. ovis infection using the complement fixation test. Bacteriological examination was conducted on 214 samples collected from 34 serologically positive animals. Different molecular methods were employed in the identification and typing of 20 isolates from the samples. RESULTS B. melitensis biovar (bv.) 3 was confirmed with different identification methods in 2 flocks in 2 Croatian counties and B. suis bv. 2 in 3 flocks in 3 counties. B. melitensis in cows was confirmed for the first time in Croatia. Infection with B. ovis was serologically confirmed in 202 rams in 12 counties. CONCLUSIONS In 2008, the size of the brucellosis-affected area in Croatia and the efficiency of detection and prevention of brucellosis in sheep, goats, and swine were satisfactory. Infection with B. melitensis in cattle was confirmed for the first time and possible links for infection in humans were detected. More efficient measures for suppression and control of ovine epididymitis are required and a new strategy may be necessary for complete eradication of this disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvio Spicić
- Croatian Veterinary Institute, Savska cesta 143, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Spicić S, Marjanović S, Zdelar-Tuk M, Cvetnić Z. First evidence of Brucella ovis infection in Republic of Croatia. Dtsch Tierarztl Wochenschr 2009; 116:209-213. [PMID: 19537042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We researched the spread of Brucella ovis (B. ovis) infection in sheep during 2002 and 2003 in Croatia. A total of 30,635 sheep blood samples were examined using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In 2002, 1014 out of 14,404 examined sheep blood samples (7%) from six counties gave positive reactions while 2060 (14.3%) were found suspicious. In 2003, 638 out of 16,221 examined sheep blood samples in nine counties (3.9%) tested positive while 1083 (6.7%) were suspicious. In rams and sheep that were serologically positive specific pathological changes were found in 68 (43.6%) out of 156 examined rams and in 5 (3.8%) out of 133 examined sheep. B. ovis was isolated from ram tissues from three counties and identified with classical microbiological procedures and the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). This research proves that Brucella ovis is present in sheep flocks in Croatia which is also the first proof of its existence in the country.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvio Spicić
- Laboratory for Bacterial Zoonosis and Molecular Bacteriology, Croatian Veterinary institute, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Filipović N, Stojević Z, Zdelar-Tuk M, Kušec V. Plasma parathyroid hormone-related peptide and bone metabolism in periparturient dairy cows. Acta Vet Hung 2008; 56:235-44. [PMID: 18669251 DOI: 10.1556/avet.56.2008.2.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The first weeks of lactation in dairy cows are characterised by elevated bone resorption. The connection between lactation and bone metabolism is still much discussed. In this work, changes in the concentration of plasma parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PTHrP) and markers of bone metabolism were studied in Holstein cows and heifers in the dry period and early lactation to determine the role of PTHrP in the relationship between the rate of bone remodelling and the onset of lactation in dairy cows. Blood samples were taken 14 days before calving ('D-14', n = 23) and then on day 10 ('D+10', n = 21) and day 30 after calving ('D+30', n = 23). Using enzyme immunoassay (EIA), the concentrations of PTHrP, parathyroid hormone (PTH), carboxyterminal cross-linked telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX) and oestradiol and the activity of bone specific alkaline phosphatase (BSALP) were determined. The results showed a statistically significant increase in plasma PTHrP (p < 0.005) and CTX (p < 0.0001) in cows on 'D+10' as compared to 'D-14' and CTX on 'D+30' as compared to 'D-14' (p < 0.0001). Significant negative correlations were found between the concentrations of PTHrP and oestradiol (r = -0.29, p < 0.05) and those of CTX and oestradiol (r = -0.54, p < 0.0001). In nonpregnant heifers (n = 6), the concentration of CTX and the activity of BSALP were significantly higher (p < 0.0001) than in dry cows. The observed increments of PTHrP and bone resorption after parturition reveal adaptations of bone metabolism to lactation in dairy cows.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalija Filipović
- 1 University of Zagreb Department of Physiology and Radiobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Heinzelova 55 10 000 Zagreb Croatia
| | - Zvonko Stojević
- 1 University of Zagreb Department of Physiology and Radiobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Heinzelova 55 10 000 Zagreb Croatia
| | - Maja Zdelar-Tuk
- 1 University of Zagreb Department of Physiology and Radiobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Heinzelova 55 10 000 Zagreb Croatia
| | - Vesna Kušec
- 2 Clinical Hospital Centre Zagreb Zagreb Croatia
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Milinković-Tur S, Stojević Z, Pirsljin J, Zdelar-Tuk M, Poljicak-Milas N, Ljubić BB, Gradinski-Vrbanac B. Effects of fasting and refeeding on the antioxidant system in cockerels and pullets. Acta Vet Hung 2007; 55:181-9. [PMID: 17555282 DOI: 10.1556/avet.55.2007.2.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The effect of fasting and refeeding on total antioxidant status (TAS), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity and concentration of some non-enzymatic antioxidant compounds was studied in cockerels and pullets. Blood was collected before and after 48-h fasting and 24 h after refeeding. In cockerels, fasting resulted in a significant decrease of TAS and uric acid concentration. After refeeding, the concentration of TAS remained significantly lower as compared to the control level. At the same time, blood plasma level of total lipids increased in comparison to the control and post-fasting values. In pullets, fasting resulted in a significant decrease of whole blood haemolysate GSH-Px activity and blood plasma concentrations of albumin and uric acid. Simultaneously, a significant increase in total lipids and cholesterol was obtained. In pullets, refeeding resulted in a further decrease of TAS to undetectable values, a significant decrease of blood plasma cholesterol, and a significant increase of GSH-Px in the whole blood haemolysate and in blood plasma uric acid content. The results indicate that fasting has a negative impact on the antioxidant defence system of the blood, which leads to a reduced resistance to oxidative stress in both cockerels and pullets. However, pullets seem to be more susceptible to fasting-provoked oxidative stress than cockerels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suzana Milinković-Tur
- Department of Physiology and Radiobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Heinzelova 55, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Pirsljin J, Milinković Tur S, Zdelar-Tuk M, Beer-Ljubić B, Stojević Z, Gradinski-Vrbanac B. [Effect of fasting and refeeding on blood glutathione and lipid peroxide concentration of cockerels and pullets]. Dtsch Tierarztl Wochenschr 2006; 113:453-7. [PMID: 17233281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Changes of reduced glutathione (GSH) and TBARS (thiobarbituric acid-reactive products of lipid peroxidation) concentrations and activity of gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT, EC 2.3.2.2) in the blood of Lohman brown cockerels and pullets in response to 48 hour food deprivation and 24 hour refeeding were examined. The experiment was performed on 61-day-old chickens. Blood samples ware collected from the wing vein (v. brachialis) in heparinized tubes for three times: control sampling before fasting, then after 48 hour food deprivation and after refeeding for 24 hours. Blood GSH concentration after refeeding in cockerels was significantly higher compared with prefasting and fasting values. The concentration of GSH in female chickens was significantly lower after fasting as well as after refeeding compared with control values. In addition to that, in pullets GSH concentration in refeeding was higher than in fasting conditions. The level of TBARS in blood in female and male chickens after fasting and refeeding were significantly lower than the prefasting values. The GGT activity on cockerels after 48 hour food deprivation was significantly higher compared with control sampling and in chickens refeed for 24 hours, whereas in pullets significant difference was exhibit compared only with control values. Concentration of GSH in control sampling in cockerels compared with those in pullets was significantly lower. After 48 hours of fasting, the level of GSH was significantly higher in the cockerels than in the pullets. Results of TBARS concentration in the pullets were higher of control and fasting values than in the cockerels. The GGT activity of control sampling was significantly higher in male chicken. Lipid peroxidation in chickens of both sexes decreased with fasting, but prooxidative-antioxidative processes were more intensive in female chickens, probably because they were not reach sexual maturity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Pirsljin
- Institut für Physiologie, Tierärztliche Fakultät der Universität Zagreb.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Zdelar-Tuk M, Stojevic Z, Pirsljin J, Milinkovic Tur S, Beer Ljubic B. Changes of calcium, phosphorus and magnesium in the blood plasma of holstein mares during gravidity and early lactation. PFERDEHEILKUNDE 2005. [DOI: 10.21836/pem20050105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|