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Yue H, Nowak RP, Overwijn D, Payne NC, Fischinger S, Atyeo C, Lam EC, St. Denis K, Brais LK, Konishi Y, Sklavenitis-Pistofidis R, Baden LR, Nilles EJ, Karlson EW, Yu XG, Li JZ, Woolley AE, Ghobrial IM, Meyerhardt JA, Balazs AB, Alter G, Mazitschek R, Fischer ES. Diagnostic TR-FRET assays for detection of antibodies in patient samples. CELL REPORTS METHODS 2023; 3:100421. [PMID: 37056371 PMCID: PMC10088089 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmeth.2023.100421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Serological assays are important diagnostic tools for surveying exposure to the pathogen, monitoring immune response post vaccination, and managing spread of the infectious agent among the population. Current serological laboratory assays are often limited because they require the use of specialized laboratory technology and/or work with a limited number of sample types. Here, we evaluate an alternative by developing time-resolved Förster resonance energy transfer (TR-FRET) homogeneous assays that exhibited exceptional versatility, scalability, and sensitivity and outperformed or matched currently used strategies in terms of sensitivity, specificity, and precision. We validated the performance of the assays measuring total immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels; antibodies against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) or Middle Eastern respiratory syndrome (MERS)-CoV spike (S) protein; and SARS-CoV-2 S and nucleocapsid (N) proteins and applied it to several large sample sets and real-world applications. We further established a TR-FRET-based ACE2-S competition assay to assess the neutralization propensity of the antibodies. Overall, these TR-FRET-based serological assays can be rapidly extended to other antigens and are compatible with commonly used plate readers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Yue
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Radosław P. Nowak
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Daan Overwijn
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - N. Connor Payne
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Stephanie Fischinger
- Ragon Institute of MGH, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Caroline Atyeo
- Ragon Institute of MGH, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Evan C. Lam
- Ragon Institute of MGH, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Kerri St. Denis
- Ragon Institute of MGH, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Lauren K. Brais
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Yoshinobu Konishi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Romanos Sklavenitis-Pistofidis
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Lindsey R. Baden
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Eric J. Nilles
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Xu G. Yu
- Ragon Institute of MGH, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jonathan Z. Li
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ann E. Woolley
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Irene M. Ghobrial
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | | | - Alejandro B. Balazs
- Ragon Institute of MGH, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Galit Alter
- Ragon Institute of MGH, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Ralph Mazitschek
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Eric S. Fischer
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Ebani VV. Reproductive Disorders in Domestic Ruminants: A One Health Concern. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11101139. [PMID: 36297196 PMCID: PMC9607530 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11101139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Virginia Ebani
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy
- Centre for Climate Change Impact, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
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Microbiological Laboratory Diagnosis of Human Brucellosis: An Overview. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10121623. [PMID: 34959578 PMCID: PMC8709366 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10121623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Brucella spp. are Gram-negative, non-motile, non-spore-forming, slow-growing, facultative intracellular bacteria causing brucellosis. Brucellosis is an endemic of specific geographic areas and, although underreported, represents the most common zoonotic infection, with an annual global incidence of 500,000 cases among humans. Humans represent an occasional host where the infection is mainly caused by B. melitensis, which is the most virulent; B. abortus; B. suis; and B. canis. A microbiological analysis is crucial to identifying human cases because clinical symptoms of human brucellosis are variable and aspecific. The laboratory diagnosis is based on three different microbiological approaches: (i) direct diagnosis by culture, (ii) indirect diagnosis by serological tests, and (iii) direct rapid diagnosis by molecular PCR-based methods. Despite the established experience with serological tests and highly sensitive nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs), a culture is still considered the “gold standard” in the laboratory diagnosis of brucellosis due to its clinical and epidemiological relevance. Moreover, the automated BC systems now available have increased the sensitivity of BCs and shortened the time to detection of Brucella species. The main limitations of serological tests are the lack of common interpretative criteria, the suboptimal specificity due to interspecies cross-reactivity, and the low sensitivity during the early stage of disease. Despite that, serological tests remain the main diagnostic tool, especially in endemic areas because they are inexpensive, user friendly, and have high negative predictive value. Promising serological tests based on new synthetic antigens have been recently developed together with novel point-of-care tests without the need for dedicated equipment and expertise. NAATs are rapid tests that can help diagnose brucellosis in a few hours with high sensitivity and specificity. Nevertheless, the interpretation of NAAT-positive results requires attention because it may not necessarily indicate an active infection but rather a low bacterial inoculum, DNA from dead bacteria, or a patient that has recovered. Refined NAATs should be developed, and their performances should be compared with those of commercial and home-made molecular tests before being commercialized for the diagnosis of brucellosis. Here, we review and report the most common and updated microbiological diagnostic methods currently available for the laboratory diagnosis of brucellosis.
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Bodenham RF, Mazeri S, Cleaveland S, Crump JA, Fasina FO, de Glanville WA, Haydon DT, Kazwala RR, Kibona TJ, Maro VP, Maze MJ, Mmbaga BT, Mtui-Malamsha NJ, Shirima GM, Swai ES, Thomas KM, Bronsvoort BMD, Halliday JEB. Latent class evaluation of the performance of serological tests for exposure to Brucella spp. in cattle, sheep, and goats in Tanzania. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0009630. [PMID: 34428205 PMCID: PMC8384210 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brucellosis is a neglected zoonosis endemic in many countries, including regions of sub-Saharan Africa. Evaluated diagnostic tools for the detection of exposure to Brucella spp. are important for disease surveillance and guiding prevention and control activities. METHODS AND FINDINGS Bayesian latent class analysis was used to evaluate performance of the Rose Bengal plate test (RBT) and a competitive ELISA (cELISA) in detecting Brucella spp. exposure at the individual animal-level for cattle, sheep, and goats in Tanzania. Median posterior estimates of RBT sensitivity were: 0.779 (95% Bayesian credibility interval (BCI): 0.570-0.894), 0.893 (0.636-0.989), and 0.807 (0.575-0.966), and for cELISA were: 0.623 (0.443-0.790), 0.409 (0.241-0.644), and 0.561 (0.376-0.713), for cattle, sheep, and goats, respectively. Sensitivity BCIs were wide, with the widest for cELISA in sheep. RBT and cELISA median posterior estimates of specificity were high across species models: RBT ranged between 0.989 (0.980-0.998) and 0.995 (0.985-0.999), and cELISA between 0.984 (0.974-0.995) and 0.996 (0.988-1). Each species model generated seroprevalence estimates for two livestock subpopulations, pastoralist and non-pastoralist. Pastoralist seroprevalence estimates were: 0.063 (0.045-0.090), 0.033 (0.018-0.049), and 0.051 (0.034-0.076), for cattle, sheep, and goats, respectively. Non-pastoralist seroprevalence estimates were below 0.01 for all species models. Series and parallel diagnostic approaches were evaluated. Parallel outperformed a series approach. Median posterior estimates for parallel testing were ≥0.920 (0.760-0.986) for sensitivity and ≥0.973 (0.955-0.992) for specificity, for all species models. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that Brucella spp. surveillance in Tanzania using RBT and cELISA in parallel at the animal-level would give high test performance. There is a need to evaluate strategies for implementing parallel testing at the herd- and flock-level. Our findings can assist in generating robust Brucella spp. exposure estimates for livestock in Tanzania and wider sub-Saharan Africa. The adoption of locally evaluated robust diagnostic tests in setting-specific surveillance is an important step towards brucellosis prevention and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca F. Bodenham
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: ,
| | - Stella Mazeri
- The Epidemiology, Economics and Risk Assessment (EERA) group, The Roslin Institute and The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Cleaveland
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - John A. Crump
- Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi, Tanzania
- Kilimanjaro Clinical Research Institute, Moshi, Tanzania
- Centre for International Health, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, Tanzania
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Folorunso O. Fasina
- Emergency Centre for Transboundary Animal Diseases, Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
- Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, South Africa
| | - William A. de Glanville
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel T. Haydon
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | | | - Tito J. Kibona
- Nelson Mandela African Institution for Science and Technology, Arusha, Tanzania
| | - Venance P. Maro
- Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi, Tanzania
- Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - Michael J. Maze
- Centre for International Health, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Blandina T. Mmbaga
- Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi, Tanzania
- Kilimanjaro Clinical Research Institute, Moshi, Tanzania
- Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - Niwael J. Mtui-Malamsha
- Emergency Centre for Transboundary Animal Diseases, Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Gabriel M. Shirima
- Nelson Mandela African Institution for Science and Technology, Arusha, Tanzania
| | - Emanuel S. Swai
- Directorate of Veterinary Services, Ministry of Livestock and Fisheries, Dodoma, Tanzania
| | - Kate M. Thomas
- Kilimanjaro Clinical Research Institute, Moshi, Tanzania
- Centre for International Health, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Barend M. deC. Bronsvoort
- The Epidemiology, Economics and Risk Assessment (EERA) group, The Roslin Institute and The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Jo E. B. Halliday
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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Abstract
The clinical presentation of brucellosis in humans is variable and unspecific, and thus, laboratory corroboration of the diagnosis is essential for the patient's proper treatment. The diagnosis of brucellar infections can be made by culture, serological tests, and nucleic acid amplification assays. Modern automated blood culture systems enable detection of acute cases of brucellosis within the routine 5- to 7-day incubation protocol employed in clinical microbiology laboratories, although a longer incubation and performance of blind subcultures may be needed for protracted cases. Serological tests, though they lack specificity and provide results that may be difficult to interpret in individuals repeatedly exposed to Brucella organisms, nevertheless remain a diagnostic cornerstone in resource-poor countries. Nucleic acid amplification assays combine exquisite sensitivity, specificity, and safety and enable rapid diagnosis of the disease. However, long-term persistence of positive molecular test results in patients that have apparently fully recovered is common and has unclear clinical significance and therapeutic implications. Therefore, as long as there are no sufficiently validated commercial tests or studies that demonstrate an adequate interlaboratory reproducibility of the different homemade PCR assays, cultures and serological methods will remain the primary tools for the diagnosis and posttherapeutic follow-up of human brucellosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Yagupsky
- Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Soroka University Medical Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Pilar Morata
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- IBIMA, Málaga, Spain
| | - Juan D Colmenero
- Infectious Diseases Service, University Regional Hospital, Málaga, Spain
- IBIMA, Málaga, Spain
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Competitive Homogeneous Immunoassay for Rapid Serodiagnosis of Hantavirus Disease. J Clin Microbiol 2015; 53:2292-7. [PMID: 25972427 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00663-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we describe a competitive homogeneous immunoassay that makes use of Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) in rapid detection of pathogen-specific antibodies. The assay principle is based on competition between a monoclonal antibody (MAb) and serum antibodies to a given antigen. In the assay, named competitive FRET immunoassay (CFRET-IA), the FRET signal is induced if MAb carrying a donor label binds to an acceptor-labeled antigen. Specific antibodies in serum compete for antigen binding, resulting in reduced FRET signal. The proof-of-principle for the assay was obtained using donor-labeled Puumala virus nucleocapsid protein (PUUV-N) and acceptor-labeled anti-PUUV-N MAb. The assay was evaluated by analyzing 329 clinical samples comprising 101 from individuals with acute PUUV infection, 42 from individuals with past infection, and 186 from individuals with PUUV-seronegative sera, and the results were compared to those of reference tests. The rapid serodiagnostic test we introduced herein performed with 100% sensitivity and 99% specificity for diagnosing acute hantavirus disease.
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Borel N, Frey CF, Gottstein B, Hilbe M, Pospischil A, Franzoso FD, Waldvogel A. Laboratory diagnosis of ruminant abortion in Europe. Vet J 2014; 200:218-29. [PMID: 24709519 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2014.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2013] [Revised: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Abortion in ruminants is a major cause of economic loss worldwide, and the management and control of outbreaks is important in limiting their spread, and in preventing zoonotic infections. Given that rapid and accurate laboratory diagnosis is central to controlling abortion outbreaks, the submission of tissue samples to laboratories offering the most appropriate tests is essential. Direct antigen and/or DNA detection methods are the currently preferred methods of reaching an aetiological diagnosis, and ideally these results are confirmed by the demonstration of corresponding macroscopic and/or histopathological lesions in the fetus and/or the placenta. However, the costs of laboratory examinations may be considerable and, even under optimal conditions, the percentage of aetiological diagnoses reached can be relatively low. This review focuses on the most commonly occurring and important abortifacient pathogens of ruminant species in Europe highlighting their epizootic and zoonotic potential. The performance characteristics of the various diagnostic methods used, including their specific advantages and limitations, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Borel
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Caroline F Frey
- Institute of Parasitology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Berne, Switzerland
| | - Bruno Gottstein
- Institute of Parasitology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Berne, Switzerland
| | - Monika Hilbe
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Pospischil
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Francesca D Franzoso
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Waldvogel
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Switzerland
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Liu Y, Tu D, Zhu H, Ma E, Chen X. Lanthanide-doped luminescent nano-bioprobes: from fundamentals to biodetection. NANOSCALE 2013; 5:1369-84. [PMID: 23223801 DOI: 10.1039/c2nr33239f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Trivalent lanthanide (Ln(3+))-doped luminescent inorganic nanoparticles (NPs), characterized by long-lived luminescence, large Stokes and/or anti-Stokes shifts, narrow emission bands and high photochemical stability, are considered to be promising candidates as luminescent bioprobes in biomedicine and biotechnology. In this feature article, we provide a brief overview of the most recent advances in Ln(3+)-doped luminescent inorganic NPs as sensors, which covers from their chemical and physical fundamentals to biodetection, such as controlled synthesis methodology, surface modification chemistry, optical physics, and their promising applications in diverse bioassays, with an emphasis on heterogeneous and homogeneous in vitro biodetection. Finally, some of the most important emerging trends and future efforts toward this active research field are also proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongsheng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials Chemistry and Physics, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
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McGiven JA, Nicola A, Commander NJ, Duncombe L, Taylor AV, Villari S, Dainty A, Thirlwall R, Bouzelmat N, Perrett LL, Brew SD, Stack JA. An evaluation of the capability of existing and novel serodiagnostic methods for porcine brucellosis to reduce false positive serological reactions. Vet Microbiol 2012; 160:378-86. [PMID: 22763172 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2012.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2012] [Revised: 06/08/2012] [Accepted: 06/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Porcine brucellosis is a zoonotic disease of truly global significance because even in countries without the disease the occurrence of false positive serological reactions (FPSRs) creates significant problems. Statutory diagnostic testing is required in many disease free countries or regions and is often a prerequisite for the movement of live animals. Currently this testing is dependent almost entirely on serological assays and these may result in a significant number of FPSRs. The aim of this study was to examine existing and novel serodiagnostic assays to evaluate their diagnostic sensitivity and resilience to FPSRs. The existing assays evaluated were the RBT, smooth lipopolysaccharide (sLPS) indirect (i) ELISA, sLPS competitive (c) ELISA, and the FPA. The novel assays evaluated were the sLPS TR-FRET assay, a rough (r) LPS iELISA, a recombinant protein BP26 iELISA and a cytoplasmic protein extract (Brucellergene™) iELISA. Four populations of sera were evaluated: those from Brucella suis infected swine (n=34), randomly selected samples from non-infected swine (n=161), sera from non-infected swine within herds exhibiting FPSRs (n=132) and sera from swine experimentally infected with Yersinia enterocolitica O:9 (n=4). The results show that all the assays dependent on the sLPS O-polysaccharide (OPS) for their sensitivity (the RBT, sLPS ELISAs, FPA and the sLPS TR-FRET) had significantly reduced diagnostic specificity when applied to the FPSR population, the RBT being most affected. Of the two rapid homogeneous assays, the TR-FRET was diagnostically superior to the FPA in this study. Neither of the protein based iELISAs demonstrated sufficient diagnostic sensitivity to resolve the FPSRs. The rLPS iELISA showed no cross reaction with the FPSRs and had diagnostic sensitivity similar to that of the OPS based assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A McGiven
- Animal Health Veterinary Laboratories Agency (OIE Reference Laboratory for Brucellosis, WHO/FAO Collaborating Centre for Brucellosis), Woodham Lane, Addlestone, Weybridge, Surrey KT15 2NB, UK.
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Büyüktanır O, Genç O, Celebi O, Yurdusev N. Rapid immunofiltration assay as a field diagnostic tool for ovine brucellosis. J Immunoassay Immunochem 2011; 33:35-47. [PMID: 22181819 DOI: 10.1080/15321819.2011.591478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
This work describes the development of two rapid immunofiltration assays, enzymatic (ERIFA) and non-enzymatic (NERIFA), for the rapid detection of ovine anti-Brucella antibodies. Brucella abortus lipopolysaccharide and total bacterial extract were dotted separately as diagnostic antigens on a nitrocellulose filter-membrane of the individual assay unit along with a third dot of purified sheep IgG as an internal control. The assay's diagnostic performance was evaluated in comparison with a modified rose bengal test (mRBT) and an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) through usage of 590 serum samples from healthy, vaccinated, or infected sheep. The ERIFA and indirect ELISA were found to be significantly more sensitive than NERIFA, while mRBT was determined to be statistically equivalent to NERIFA. A perfect agreement (κ = 0.984) and a statistical equivalence to indirect ELISA suggest that the bi-antigenic ERIFA can be used as an "individual rapid ELISA" for screening ovine anti-Brucella antibody both in the field and in limited laboratory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozlem Büyüktanır
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Kurupelit, Samsun, Turkey
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Genç O, Büyüktanır Ö, Yurdusev N. Rapid immunofiltration assay based on colloidal gold–protein G conjugate as an alternative screening test for bovine and ovine brucellosis. Trop Anim Health Prod 2011; 44:213-5. [DOI: 10.1007/s11250-011-0019-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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