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Spychała K, Piecuch A, Szleszkowski Ł, Kadej M, Ogórek R. Microscopic fungi on the corpse - Promising tool requiring further research. Forensic Sci Int 2024; 361:112129. [PMID: 38986228 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2024.112129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Forensic microbiology is a relatively new area of forensic sciences. It considers the potential of microorganisms to be used in criminal investigations. As most studies involve the role of bacteria in fields like post-mortem interval estimation, personal identification or geolocation, the data on the role of fungi is comparatively scarce. Forensic mycology involves the application of fungi and their structures in forensic cases. The aim of this review is the evaluation of the current state of knowledge on fungi associated with human cadavers and their possible role in estimating the time since death. In accordance with the available reports, we focused on the relation between microscopic fungi isolated from human corpses and the cadaver condition e.g., the stage of decomposition. We also emphasised the contrast between the reported methodologies and attempted to standardise research methods in forensic mycology from sample collection to its storage, mycological analysis and identification of the obtained fungal cultures. Moreover, the potential usage of microscopic fungi in criminal cases was discussed based on various case reports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudyna Spychała
- Department of Mycology and Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Wrocław, Przybyszewskiego 63, Wroclaw PL-51-148, Poland
| | - Agata Piecuch
- Department of Mycology and Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Wrocław, Przybyszewskiego 63, Wroclaw PL-51-148, Poland
| | - Łukasz Szleszkowski
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Mikulicza-Radeckiego 4, Wrocław PL-50-345, Poland
| | - Marcin Kadej
- Centre for Forensic Biology and Entomology, Department of Invertebrate Biology, Evolution and Conservation, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Wrocław, Przybyszewskiego 65, Wrocław PL-51-148, Poland.
| | - Rafał Ogórek
- Department of Mycology and Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Wrocław, Przybyszewskiego 63, Wroclaw PL-51-148, Poland
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2
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Huang Y, Fu L, Gan Y, Qi G, Hao L, Xin T, Xu W, Song J. Analysis of Whole-Genome for Identification of Seven Penicillium Species with Significant Economic Value. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8172. [PMID: 39125741 PMCID: PMC11312406 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25158172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2024] [Revised: 07/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The Penicillium genus exhibits a broad global distribution and holds substantial economic value in sectors including agriculture, industry, and medicine. Particularly in agriculture, Penicillium species significantly impact plants, causing diseases and contamination that adversely affect crop yields and quality. Timely detection of Penicillium species is crucial for controlling disease and preventing mycotoxins from entering the food chain. To tackle this issue, we implement a novel species identification approach called Analysis of whole GEnome (AGE). Here, we initially applied bioinformatics analysis to construct specific target sequence libraries from the whole genomes of seven Penicillium species with significant economic impact: P. canescens, P. citrinum, P. oxalicum, P. polonicum, P. paneum, P. rubens, and P. roqueforti. We successfully identified seven Penicillium species using the target we screened combined with Sanger sequencing and CRISPR-Cas12a technologies. Notably, based on CRISPR-Cas12a technology, AGE can achieve rapid and accurate identification of genomic DNA samples at a concentration as low as 0.01 ng/µL within 30 min. This method features high sensitivity and portability, making it suitable for on-site detection. This robust molecular approach provides precise fungal species identification with broad implications for agricultural control, industrial production, clinical diagnostics, and food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanhao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lianguo Fu
- School of Life and Science, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Yutong Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Guihong Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lijun Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Tianyi Xin
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wenjie Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jingyuan Song
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People’s Republic of China, Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine Resource, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China
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3
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Wang X, Chen X, Liang Y, Hu L. Severe pneumonia with pleural effusion caused by co-infection of Paecilomyces variotii and Penicillium oxalicum in a diabetic patient. BMC Infect Dis 2024; 24:605. [PMID: 38898444 PMCID: PMC11186164 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-024-09496-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND PAECILOMYCES: and Penicillium are considered as rare opportunistic pathogens in immunocompromised hosts, and pneumonia caused by Paecilomyces and Penicillium is rare. In this study, we present first case of severe pneumonia with pleural effusion caused by co-infection of Paecilomyces variotii (P. variotii) and Penicillium oxalicum (P. oxalicum) in a 66-year-old female with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes. CASE PRESENTATION: A 56-year-old woman patient presented to hospital for nausea, poor appetite, and vomiting for one day. On the second day of admission, blood culture and renal puncture fluid culture grew multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli (imipenem/cilastatin sensitive), and she received combination therapy with imipenem/cilastatin (1 g, every 8 h) and vancomycin (0.5 g, every 12 h). On the fourth day, she developed symptoms of respiratory failure. Pulmonary computed tomography (CT) showed an increase in pneumonia compared to before, with minor pleural effusion on both sides. Two fungi were isolated repeatedly from BALF culture, which were confirmed as P. variotii and P. oxalicum by Internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequencing. Her pleural effusion was completely absorbed, pneumonia symptoms have significantly improved and discharged with receiving liposomal amphotericin B treatment for four weeks. CONCLUSIONS: It is worth noting that clinicians and laboratory personnel should not simply consider Paecilomyces and Penicillium species as contaminants, especially in immunocompromised patients. Early fungal identification and antifungal drug sensitivity are crucial for clinical drug selection and patient prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuri Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanning, 530016, China
| | - Xingchun Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanning, 530016, China
| | - Yunxiao Liang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanning, 530016, China
| | - Liuyang Hu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanning, 530016, China.
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4
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Sun J, Wang P, Lu H, Yang G, Huang B. Complete genome sequence of a novel gammapartitivirus from Penicillium oxalicum RCEF7482. Arch Virol 2024; 169:48. [PMID: 38365997 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-024-05987-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Penicillium oxalicum, an important biocontrol fungus in China, has been a subject of extensive study due to its role in combating various pathogenic fungi. Despite the prevalence of mycoviruses with double-stranded (ds) RNA genomes in filamentous fungi, there has been no screening of mycoviruses in P. oxalicum. In this report, we describe the identification and characterization of a novel dsRNA virus isolated from P. oxalicum, designated as "Penicillium oxalicum partitivirus 1" (PoPV1). The genome of PoPV1 consists of two dsRNA segments, dsRNA1 (1,770 bp) and dsRNA2 (1,584 bp), each containing a single open reading frame (ORF): ORF1 and ORF2. Comparative analysis revealed that the RdRp and CP amino acid sequences of PoPV1 share the highest identity (89.18% and 73.97%, respectively) with those of Penicillium aurantiogriseum partitivirus 1 (PaPV1). Motif analysis based on RdRp amino acid sequences places PoPV1 in the genus Gammapartitivirus within the family Partitiviridae, with a distinctive motif VI (R/KV/ILGDD). Phylogenetic analysis further established a close relationship of PoPV1 to PaPV1, forming a unique clade among the gammapartitiviruses. Consequently, we propose that Penicillium oxalicum partitivirus 1 represents a new species in the genus Gammapartitivirus. This is the first report of a dsRNA virus in P. oxalicum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Sun
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Pest Control, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Pest Control, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Hanwen Lu
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Pest Control, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Guogen Yang
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Bo Huang
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Pest Control, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China.
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Ferara N, Špoljar S, Lugović-Mihić L, Gverić Grginić A, Rezo Vranješ V, Bešlić I, Perović J, Regović Džombeta T. Cutaneous Hyalohyphomycosis and Its Atypical Clinical Presentations in Immunosuppressed Patients. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:154. [PMID: 38276283 PMCID: PMC10817673 DOI: 10.3390/life14010154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
There has been a substantial increase in the number of cases of invasive fungal infections worldwide, which is associated with a growing number of immunosuppressed patients and a rise in antifungal resistance. Some fungi that were previously considered harmless to humans have become emerging pathogens. One of them is Purpureocillium lilacinum, a ubiquitous filamentous fungus commonly found in the environment, especially in the air and soil. P. lilacinum belongs to a bigger group of hyaline fungi that cause hyalohyphomycosis, a fungal infection caused by fungi with colorless hyphae. Although this is a heterogeneous group of fungi, there are similarities regarding their ubiquity, ways of transmission, affected patients, and difficulties in diagnostics and treatment. In hyalohyphomycosis, the skin is one of the most affected organs, which is why the involvement of dermatologists is crucial for the initial assessment, since the timely recognition and early diagnosis of this condition can prevent life-threatening infections and death. In this review, we covered cutaneous hyalohyphomycosis caused by P. lilacinum and other fungi in the same group, including Fusarium, Penicilium, Scedosporium, Scopulariopsis, Acremonium, and Trichoderma genera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikola Ferara
- Department of Dermatovenereology, Sestre Milosrdnice University Hospital Centre, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (N.F.); (S.Š.); (I.B.); (J.P.)
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Sanja Špoljar
- Department of Dermatovenereology, Sestre Milosrdnice University Hospital Centre, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (N.F.); (S.Š.); (I.B.); (J.P.)
| | - Liborija Lugović-Mihić
- Department of Dermatovenereology, Sestre Milosrdnice University Hospital Centre, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (N.F.); (S.Š.); (I.B.); (J.P.)
- School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ana Gverić Grginić
- Department of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hospital Infections, Sestre Milosrdnice University Hospital Centre, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Violeta Rezo Vranješ
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Microbiology, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Iva Bešlić
- Department of Dermatovenereology, Sestre Milosrdnice University Hospital Centre, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (N.F.); (S.Š.); (I.B.); (J.P.)
- School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Judita Perović
- Department of Dermatovenereology, Sestre Milosrdnice University Hospital Centre, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (N.F.); (S.Š.); (I.B.); (J.P.)
| | - Tihana Regović Džombeta
- Clinical Department of Pathology and Cytology, Sestre Milosrdnice University Hospital Center, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
- Department of Pathology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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6
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Monpierre L, Soetart N, Valsecchi I, Brément T, Brunelat P, Drut A, David M, Roux C, Hubert F, Razafimandimby B, Jouvion G, Miclard J, Chermette R, Botterel F, Guillot J. Penicillium and Talaromyces spp. emerging pathogens in dogs since 1990s. Med Mycol 2023; 61:myad087. [PMID: 37632205 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myad087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Penicillium and Talaromyces spp. are environmental saprophytic molds rarely encountered as infectious agents in humans and animals. This article summarizes the clinical features, treatment, and outcomes of proven infections caused by Penicillium or Talaromyces in four dogs in France. Two dogs had disseminated infections, while the other two had a localized form. All dogs had positive histopathological results showing the presence of hyaline septate hyphae and a positive fungal culture with typical Penicillium conidiophores. Talaromyces georgiensis (n = 1), Penicillium labradorum (n = 2), and Penicillium from section Ramosa series Raistrickiorum (n = 1), were identified based on Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) Sanger sequencing. The dogs were initially treated with ketoconazole or itraconazole. Second-line treatment was initiated in three dogs, but after several relapses, the prognosis remained poor. Since the 1990s, 18 cases of Penicillium or Talaromyces infections in dogs have been described worldwide. This series of four reports brings new cases to those already reported in the literature, which are probably underestimated in the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorra Monpierre
- Unité de Mycologie-Parasitologie; Département Prévention, Diagnostic, Traitement des infections, Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor, Créteil, France
- Dynamyc research team, Université de Paris-Est-Créteil, Créteil, France
| | - Nicolas Soetart
- École nationale vétérinaire, agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation de Nantes-Atlantique, Oniris, Nantes, France
| | - Isabel Valsecchi
- Dynamyc research team, Université de Paris-Est-Créteil, Créteil, France
| | | | - Philippe Brunelat
- Clinique vétérinaire du Val d'Anjou, Saint-Sébastien-sur-Loire, France
| | - Amandine Drut
- École nationale vétérinaire, agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation de Nantes-Atlantique, Oniris, Nantes, France
| | - Manon David
- Clinique vétérinaire Languedocia, Montpellier, France
| | - Cécile Roux
- École nationale vétérinaire, agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation de Nantes-Atlantique, Oniris, Nantes, France
| | - Floriane Hubert
- École nationale vétérinaire, agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation de Nantes-Atlantique, Oniris, Nantes, France
| | | | - Grégory Jouvion
- Dynamyc research team, Université de Paris-Est-Créteil, Créteil, France
- Unité d'Histologie et d'Anatomie Pathologique, Ecole nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Julien Miclard
- Laboratoire d'Histopathologie et Cytopathologie Vétérinaire, Nantes, France
| | - René Chermette
- Dynamyc research team, Université de Paris-Est-Créteil, Créteil, France
- Unité d'Histologie et d'Anatomie Pathologique, Ecole nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Françoise Botterel
- Unité de Mycologie-Parasitologie; Département Prévention, Diagnostic, Traitement des infections, Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor, Créteil, France
- Dynamyc research team, Université de Paris-Est-Créteil, Créteil, France
| | - Jacques Guillot
- École nationale vétérinaire, agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation de Nantes-Atlantique, Oniris, Nantes, France
- Université d'Angers, Université de Brest, IRF, SFR ICAT, Angers, France
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Golden R, Quimby DS. Lecythophora Soft-Tissue Infection: Case Report and Treatment Considerations. Cureus 2023; 15:e42919. [PMID: 37664280 PMCID: PMC10474948 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.42919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Lecythophora hoffmannii is a saprophytic fungus commonly found in the environment. Able to be isolated from soil, it is frequently associated with the soft rot of wood. Although human infections are not common, they have been reported, and have ranged from keratitis and soft-tissue infection to deep osteomyelitis and endometritis. Here we report a case of soft-tissue infection with this pathogen along with successful treatment with standard-dose terbinafine when other agents were unavailable. The true prevalence of infections with this pathogen is unclear and further data are needed to determine optimal therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Golden
- Infectious Diseases, CommonSpirit Health, Omaha, USA
| | - David S Quimby
- Medicine/Infectious Diseases, Creighton University, Omaha, USA
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8
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Hupka M, Kedia R, Schauer R, Shepard B, Granados-Presa M, Vande Hei M, Flores P, Zea L. Morphology of Penicillium rubens Biofilms Formed in Space. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13041001. [PMID: 37109532 PMCID: PMC10144393 DOI: 10.3390/life13041001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Fungi biofilms have been found growing on spacecraft surfaces such as windows, piping, cables, etc. The contamination of these surfaces with fungi, although undesirable, is highly difficult to avoid. While several biofilm forming species, including Penicillium rubens, have been identified in spacecraft, the effect of microgravity on fungal biofilm formation is unknown. This study sent seven material surfaces (Stainless Steel 316, Aluminum Alloy, Titanium Alloy, Carbon Fiber, Quartz, Silicone, and Nanograss) inoculated with spores of P. rubens to the International Space Station and allowed biofilms to form for 10, 15, and 20 days to understand the effects of microgravity on biofilm morphology and growth. In general, microgravity did not induce changes in the shape of biofilms, nor did it affect growth in terms of biomass, thickness, and surface area coverage. However, microgravity increased or decreased biofilm formation in some cases, and this was incubation-time- and material-dependent. Nanograss was the material with significantly less biofilm formation, both in microgravity and on Earth, and it could potentially be interfering with hyphal adhesion and/or spore germination. Additionally, a decrease in biofilm formation at 20 days, potentially due to nutrient depletion, was seen in some space and Earth samples and was material-dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Hupka
- Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology Department, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Raj Kedia
- Smead Aerospace Engineering Sciences Department, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Rylee Schauer
- BioServe Space Technologies, Aerospace Engineering Sciences Department, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Brooke Shepard
- Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology Department, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | | | | | - Pamela Flores
- Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology Department, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
- BioServe Space Technologies, Aerospace Engineering Sciences Department, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Luis Zea
- BioServe Space Technologies, Aerospace Engineering Sciences Department, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
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Guo P, Chen W, Chen S, Chen M, Hu F, Chen X, Cai W, Tang X, Li L. The delayed clearance of Talaromyces marneffei in blood culture may be associated with higher MIC of voriconazole after antifungal therapy among AIDS patients with talaromycosis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2023; 17:e0011201. [PMID: 37011093 PMCID: PMC10101635 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate the influencing factors of delayed clearance of Talaromyces marneffei (T. marneffei) in blood culture of patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) complicated with talaromycosis after antifungal therapy. METHODS The patients with AIDS complicated with talaromycosis were retrospectively enrolled, and divided into two groups according to the blood T. marneffei culture results in two weeks after antifungal therapy. The baseline clinical data were collected and the antifungal susceptibility of T. marneffei was tested. RESULTS A total of 190 patients with AIDS and talaromycosis were enrolled, of whom 101 cases remained positive for T. marneffei (Pos-group) while the other 89 cases were negative in blood culture (Neg-group) after two weeks' antifungal treatment. The Pos-group had a higher baseline Aspartate aminotransferase (AST, 78.5 vs. 105 U/L; P = 0.073) and lower CD4+ T cells level (11 vs. 7 cells/μl; P = 0.061). The percentage of isolates with higher MICs of voriconazole (VOR) and fluconazole (FLU) in the Pos-group were significantly higher than those in the Neg-group (χ2 = 12.623, P < 0.001 and χ2 = 9.356, P = 0.002, respectively). By multivariate logistic regression, the MIC value for VOR was identified as the prognostic variable that may influence the clearance of T. marneffei in blood culture after antifungal therapy among AIDS patients with talaromycosis. CONCLUSIONS The delayed negative conversion of blood T. marneffei-culture may be associated with some factors especially higher MIC of VOR, indicatingthe possibility of drug resistance of T. marneffei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengle Guo
- Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Wanshan Chen
- Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Shaozhen Chen
- Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Meijun Chen
- Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Fengyu Hu
- Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiejie Chen
- Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Weiping Cai
- Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiaoping Tang
- Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Linghua Li
- Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
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Menu E, Filori Q, Dufour JC, Ranque S, L’Ollivier C. A Repertoire of Clinical Non-Dermatophytes Moulds. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:jof9040433. [PMID: 37108888 PMCID: PMC10146755 DOI: 10.3390/jof9040433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Humans are constantly exposed to micromycetes, especially filamentous fungi that are ubiquitous in the environment. In the presence of risk factors, mostly related to an alteration of immunity, the non-dermatophyte fungi can then become opportunistic pathogens, causing superficial, deep or disseminated infections. With new molecular tools applied to medical mycology and revisions in taxonomy, the number of fungi described in humans is rising. Some rare species are emerging, and others more frequent are increasing. The aim of this review is to (i) inventory the filamentous fungi found in humans and (ii) provide details on the anatomical sites where they have been identified and the semiology of infections. Among the 239,890 fungi taxa and corresponding synonyms, if any, retrieved from the Mycobank and NCBI Taxonomy databases, we were able to identify 565 moulds in humans. These filamentous fungi were identified in one or more anatomical sites. From a clinical point of view, this review allows us to realize that some uncommon fungi isolated in non-sterile sites may be involved in invasive infections. It may present a first step in the understanding of the pathogenicity of filamentous fungi and the interpretation of the results obtained with the new molecular diagnostic tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estelle Menu
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, IHU Méditerranée Infection, 13385 Marseille, France
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Service de Santé des Armées, VITROME: Vecteurs-Infections Tropicales et Méditerra-néennes, Aix Marseille Université, 13385 Marseille, France
| | - Quentin Filori
- INSERM, IRD, SESSTIM, Sciences Economiques & Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l’Information Médicale, ISSPAM, Aix Marseille University, 13385 Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Charles Dufour
- INSERM, IRD, SESSTIM, Sciences Economiques & Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l’Information Médicale, ISSPAM, Aix Marseille University, 13385 Marseille, France
- APHM, Hôpital de la Timone, Service Biostatistique et Technologies de l’Information et de la Communication, 13385 Marseille, France
| | - Stéphane Ranque
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, IHU Méditerranée Infection, 13385 Marseille, France
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Service de Santé des Armées, VITROME: Vecteurs-Infections Tropicales et Méditerra-néennes, Aix Marseille Université, 13385 Marseille, France
| | - Coralie L’Ollivier
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, IHU Méditerranée Infection, 13385 Marseille, France
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Service de Santé des Armées, VITROME: Vecteurs-Infections Tropicales et Méditerra-néennes, Aix Marseille Université, 13385 Marseille, France
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11
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Fungal cell barriers and organelles are disrupted by polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB). Sci Rep 2023; 13:2790. [PMID: 36797386 PMCID: PMC9935507 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-29756-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The similarities between fungal and mammalian cells pose inherent challenges for the development of treatments for fungal infections, due to drug crossover recognition of host drug targets by antifungal agents. Thus, there are a limited number of drug classes available for treatment. Treatment is further limited by the acquisition and dissemination of antifungal resistance which contributes to the urgent need of new therapies. Polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB) is a cationic antimicrobial polymer with bactericidal, parasiticidal and fungicidal activities. The antifungal mechanism of action appears to involve preferential mechanical disruption of microbial cell structures, offering an alternative to conventional antifungals. However, the antifungal mechanisms have been little studied. The aim of this study was to characterise PHMB's activities on selected yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Candida albicans) and filamentous fungal species (Fusarium oxysporum, Penicillium glabrum). Fungal membrane disruption, cell entry and intracellular localisation activities of PHMB were evaluated using viability probe entry and polymer localisation studies. We observed that PHMB initially permeabilises fungal cell membranes and then accumulates within the cytosol. Once in the cytosol, it disrupts the nuclear membrane, leading to DNA binding and fragmentation. The electrostatic interaction of PHMB with membranes suggests other intracellular organelles could be potential targets of its action. Overall, the results indicate multiple antifungal mechanisms, which may help to explain its broad-spectrum efficacy. A better understanding of PHMB's mechanism(s) of action may aid the development of improved antifungal treatment strategies.
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12
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Cai Y, Nie Y, Gao Y, Huang B. Natural populations of the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana in Chinese forest ecosystems are diverse and reveal equal frequencies of mating types within phylogenetic species. FUNGAL ECOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funeco.2021.101139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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13
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Yahya Allawi M, Salim Al-Taie B, Hmoshi RM. Isolation and Identification of Penicillium rubens from the Local Strain in Mosul, Iraq, and Investigation of Potassium Phosphate Effect on its Growth. ARCHIVES OF RAZI INSTITUTE 2022; 77:421-427. [PMID: 35891733 PMCID: PMC9288601 DOI: 10.22092/ari.2021.356684.1896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Penicillium species is one of the most common microscopic filamentous fungi that have been isolated from widespread substrates. In this study, soil samples from different areas of Mosul, Iraq, were examined by morphological and molecular methods. Fungi were isolated and grown in diagnostic culture media, including Czapek Yeast Extract Agar, Malt Extract Agar, and 25% Glycerol nitrate agar at different temperatures of 15, 20, 25, and 30°C. The growth rate of the fungus was also evaluated in the culture containing K2HPO4. In the molecular method, the obtained fragment was sequenced using the Internal Transcribed Spacer region primers after replication. Morphological evaluation of both macroscopic and microscopic features revealed that strains were Penicillium rubens, and molecular methods used have confirmed the isolated strain. The results of this study showed a decrease in the diameters of the colonies at different growth temperatures when doubling the amount of K2HPO4. In addition, the findings revealed that compared to growth inhibition in the control groups, the maximum growth inhibition was 16 and 29 mm on Czapek Dox Agar (modified) medium at incubation temperatures of 20°C and 25°C, respectively. As a result, K2HPO4 has an important role in inhibiting growth; therefore, it can be used as Fungicide.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Yahya Allawi
- Environmental Science Department, College of Environmental Science and Technologies, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq
| | - B Salim Al-Taie
- Environmental Science Department, College of Environmental Science and Technologies, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq
| | - R M Hmoshi
- Environmental Science Department, College of Environmental Science and Technologies, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq
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14
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Su L, Zhu H, Sun P, Li X, Yang B, Gao H, Xiang Z, Qin C. Species diversity in Penicillium and Acaulium from herbivore dung in China, and description of Acaulium stercorarius sp. nov. Mycol Prog 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11557-021-01747-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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15
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Abstract
Azoles are the most commonly used clinical antifungal therapy and also play an important role in control of plant pathogens. Intrinsic resistance to the azole class of fungicides, which target lanosterol demethylase (CYP51), is observed in many fungal species; however, the mechanisms underpinning this phenomenon are unknown. In this study, 5 azole-resistant Penicillium isolates from patients attending the UK National Aspergillosis Centre that could not be morphologically identified to species level were analyzed by genome sequencing. The genomes and CYP51 paralogue structure from these isolates were compared with those of 46 representative fungal isolates to identify to species level and examine possible mechanisms of drug resistance. Analysis of CYP51 paralogues showed that azole-resistant isolates from this study (n = 2) and from public databases (n = 6) contained a new CYP51 paralogue, CYP51D, which was associated with azole resistance in 6/8 cases and never occurred in azole-sensitive species (46/46 tested). Furthermore, one isolate from this study and an azole-resistant Aspergillus fumigatiaffinis isolate were shown to encode a CYP51A paralogue, CYP51A2. Introduction of CYP51A2 to the closely related but azole-sensitive Aspergillus fumigatus resulted in azole resistance. The identification of novel CYP51A and CYP51D paralogues in resistant fungi and the observation that resistance to azoles can be conferred by introducing a CYP51A paralogue from a resistant species into an azole-sensitive species are a potentially important new azole resistance mechanism.
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16
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Pakshir K, Kamali M, Nouraei H, Zomorodian K, Motamedi M, Mahmoodi M. Molecular characterization and antifungal activity against non-dermatophyte molds causing onychomycosis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:20736. [PMID: 34671053 PMCID: PMC8528813 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00104-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Onychomycosis is a fungal disease that caused by different types of fungi. Non-dermatophyte molds are a large saprophytic fungi group that live in nature and could affect traumatic nails. The aim of this study was to identify non-dermatophyte molds causing onychomycosis and evaluation of several antifungal activities against the isolates. The samples consisted of 50 non-dermatophyte molds isolated from patients with onychomycosis confirmed by direct and culture examination fungal. DNA was extracted, amplified, and sequenced. Disk diffusion method was used to evaluate itraconazole, fluconazole, ketoconazole, terbinafine, posaconazole, and econazole activity against the isolates. The species identified as: Aspergillus flavus 22 (44%), A. niger 12 (24%), A. fumigates, 3 (6%), A. sydowii 3 (6%), A. terreus 1 (2%), Penicillium commune 2 (4%), P. glabrum 2 (4%), P. chrysogenum, 1 (2%), Fusarium solani 3 (6%) and F. thapsinum 1 (2%). Most of the samples were sensitive to terbinafine, itraconazole, and econazole and 94% of the isolates were resistant to fluconazole. This study showed that Aspergillus species were the most common cause of non-dermatophyte mold onychomycosis and fluconazole was the most resistant antifungals. Care must be taken to choose the appropriate antifungal drug for a better cure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keyvan Pakshir
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. .,Basic Sciences in Infectious Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Mandana Kamali
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hasti Nouraei
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Kamiar Zomorodian
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Basic Sciences in Infectious Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Marjan Motamedi
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mozhgan Mahmoodi
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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17
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Shin JH, Kim SH, Lee D, Lee SY, Chun S, Lee JH, Won EJ, Choi HJ, Choi HW, Kee SJ, Shin MG, Shin JH. Performance Evaluation of VITEK MS for the Identification of a Wide Spectrum of Clinically Relevant Filamentous Fungi Using a Korean Collection. Ann Lab Med 2021; 41:214-220. [PMID: 33063683 PMCID: PMC7591280 DOI: 10.3343/alm.2021.41.2.214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The correct identification of filamentous fungi is challenging. We evaluated the performance of the VITEK MS v3.0 system (bioMérieux, Marcy-l’Étoile, France) for the identification of a wide spectrum of clinically relevant filamentous fungi using a Korean collection. Strains that were added to the upgraded v3.2 database were additionally identified by the VITEK MS v3.2 system. Of the 105 tested isolates, including 37 Aspergillus (nine species), 41 dermatophytes (seven species), and 27 other molds (17 species), 43 (41.0%) showed “no identification” or “multiple species identification” results at the initial VITEK MS testing; these isolates were retested using the same method. Compared with sequence-based identification, the correct identification rate using VITEK MS for Aspergillus, dermatophytes, other molds, and total mold isolates was 67.6%, 56.1%, 48.1%, and 58.1% at the initial testing and 94.6%, 78.0%, 55.6%, and 78.1% with retesting, respectively. Following retesting, 19 (18.1%) and two (1.9%) isolates showed “no identification” and “misidentification” results, respectively. VITEK MS reliably identified various filamentous fungi recovered in Korea, with a very low rate of misidentification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Hyeon Shin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School and Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Korea
| | - Soo Hyun Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School and Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Korea.,Department of Microbiology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, Korea
| | - Dain Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School and Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Korea
| | - Seung Yeob Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School and Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Korea
| | - Sejong Chun
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School and Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Korea
| | - Jun Hyung Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School and Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Korea
| | - Eun Jeong Won
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School and Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Korea.,Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Choi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School and Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Korea
| | - Hyun Woo Choi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School and Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Korea
| | - Seung Jung Kee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School and Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Korea
| | - Myung Geun Shin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School and Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Korea
| | - Jong Hee Shin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School and Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Korea
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18
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Tischner Z, Sebők R, Kredics L, Allaga H, Vargha M, Sebestyén Á, Dobolyi C, Kriszt B, Magyar D. Mycological Investigation of Bottled Water Dispensers in Healthcare Facilities. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10070871. [PMID: 34358021 PMCID: PMC8308914 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10070871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The usage of bottled water dispensers (BWDs) has spread worldwide. Despite their popularity, few studies have dealt with their microbial contaminants, and little attention is given to their fungal contamination. To our knowledge this is the first mycological study of BWDs in Europe. 36 devices have been examined in Budapest, Hungary. Despite of the strictly regulated water hygiene system in Hungary, molds and yeasts were detected in 86.8% of the samples, 56.76% were highly contaminated. Elevated heterotrophic plate counts were also observed in all samples compared to that of Hungarian drinking water. As all physical and chemical water quality characteristics have met the relevant national and European parametric values and neither totally explained the results of microbial counts, the effect of usage and maintenance habits of the devices were examined. Fungal concentrations were affected by the time elapsed since disinfection, days remaining until expiration of bottles, month of sampling and exposure to sunlight during storage. Microbes are able to proliferate in the bottled water and disperse inside the BWDs. Many of the detected fungal species (Sarocladium kiliense, Acremonium sclerotigenum/egyptiacum, Exophiala jeanselmei var. lecanii-corni, Exophiala equina, Meyerozyma guilliermondii, Cystobasidium slooffiae, Aspergillus jensenii, Bisifusarium biseptatum) are opportunistic pathogens for subpopulations of sensitive age groups and patients with immunodeficient conditions, including cystic fibrosis. Thus BWDs may pose a health risk to visitors of healthcare institutions, especially to patients with oral lesions in dental surgeries. The study draws attention to the need to investigate microbial contamination of these devices in other countries as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsófia Tischner
- Department of Environmental Safety, Institute of Aquaculture and Environmental Safety, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, H-2100 Gödöllő, Hungary; (C.D.); (B.K.)
- National Public Health Center, H-1097 Budapest, Hungary; (M.V.); (Á.S.); (D.M.)
- Correspondence: (Z.T.); (R.S.)
| | - Rózsa Sebők
- Department of Environmental Safety, Institute of Aquaculture and Environmental Safety, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, H-2100 Gödöllő, Hungary; (C.D.); (B.K.)
- Correspondence: (Z.T.); (R.S.)
| | - László Kredics
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (L.K.); (H.A.)
| | - Henrietta Allaga
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (L.K.); (H.A.)
| | - Márta Vargha
- National Public Health Center, H-1097 Budapest, Hungary; (M.V.); (Á.S.); (D.M.)
| | - Ágnes Sebestyén
- National Public Health Center, H-1097 Budapest, Hungary; (M.V.); (Á.S.); (D.M.)
| | - Csaba Dobolyi
- Department of Environmental Safety, Institute of Aquaculture and Environmental Safety, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, H-2100 Gödöllő, Hungary; (C.D.); (B.K.)
| | - Balázs Kriszt
- Department of Environmental Safety, Institute of Aquaculture and Environmental Safety, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, H-2100 Gödöllő, Hungary; (C.D.); (B.K.)
| | - Donát Magyar
- National Public Health Center, H-1097 Budapest, Hungary; (M.V.); (Á.S.); (D.M.)
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19
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Walther G, Zimmermann A, Theuersbacher J, Kaerger K, von Lilienfeld-Toal M, Roth M, Kampik D, Geerling G, Kurzai O. Eye Infections Caused by Filamentous Fungi: Spectrum and Antifungal Susceptibility of the Prevailing Agents in Germany. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:511. [PMID: 34206899 PMCID: PMC8307352 DOI: 10.3390/jof7070511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Fungal eye infections can lead to loss of vision and blindness. The disease is most prevalent in the tropics, although case numbers in moderate climates are increasing as well. This study aimed to determine the dominating filamentous fungi causing eye infections in Germany and their antifungal susceptibility profiles in order to improve treatment, including cases with unidentified pathogenic fungi. As such, we studied all filamentous fungi isolated from the eye or associated materials that were sent to the NRZMyk between 2014 and 2020. All strains were molecularly identified and antifungal susceptibility testing according to the EUCAST protocol was performed for common species. In total, 242 strains of 66 species were received. Fusarium was the dominating genus, followed by Aspergillus, Purpureocillium, Alternaria, and Scedosporium. The most prevalent species in eye samples were Fusarium petroliphilum, F. keratoplasticum, and F. solani of the Fusarium solani species complex. The spectrum of species comprises less susceptible taxa for amphotericin B, natamycin, and azoles, including voriconazole. Natamycin is effective for most species but not for Aspergillus flavus or Purpureocillium spp. Some strains of F. solani show MICs higher than 16 mg/L. Our data underline the importance of species identification for correct treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grit Walther
- National Reference Center for Invasive Fungal Infections (NRZMyk), Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology—Hans Knöll Institute, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 23, 07745 Jena, Germany; (K.K.); (M.v.L.-T.); (O.K.)
| | - Anna Zimmermann
- Institute for Hygiene and Microbiology, University of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany;
| | - Johanna Theuersbacher
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany; (J.T.); (D.K.)
| | - Kerstin Kaerger
- National Reference Center for Invasive Fungal Infections (NRZMyk), Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology—Hans Knöll Institute, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 23, 07745 Jena, Germany; (K.K.); (M.v.L.-T.); (O.K.)
| | - Marie von Lilienfeld-Toal
- National Reference Center for Invasive Fungal Infections (NRZMyk), Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology—Hans Knöll Institute, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 23, 07745 Jena, Germany; (K.K.); (M.v.L.-T.); (O.K.)
- Department of Haematology and Medical Oncology, University Hospital Jena, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Mathias Roth
- Department of Ophthalmology, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (M.R.); (G.G.)
| | - Daniel Kampik
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany; (J.T.); (D.K.)
| | - Gerd Geerling
- Department of Ophthalmology, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (M.R.); (G.G.)
| | - Oliver Kurzai
- National Reference Center for Invasive Fungal Infections (NRZMyk), Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology—Hans Knöll Institute, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 23, 07745 Jena, Germany; (K.K.); (M.v.L.-T.); (O.K.)
- Institute for Hygiene and Microbiology, University of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany;
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20
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Recognition of Diagnostic Gaps for Laboratory Diagnosis of Fungal Diseases: Expert Opinion from the Fungal Diagnostics Laboratories Consortium (FDLC). J Clin Microbiol 2021; 59:e0178420. [PMID: 33504591 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.01784-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungal infections are a rising threat to our immunocompromised patient population, as well as other nonimmunocompromised patients with various medical conditions. However, little progress has been made in the past decade to improve fungal diagnostics. To jointly address this diagnostic challenge, the Fungal Diagnostics Laboratory Consortium (FDLC) was recently created. The FDLC consists of 26 laboratories from the United States and Canada that routinely provide fungal diagnostic services for patient care. A survey of fungal diagnostic capacity among the 26 members of the FDLC was recently completed, identifying the following diagnostic gaps: lack of molecular detection of mucormycosis; lack of an optimal diagnostic algorithm incorporating fungal biomarkers and molecular tools for early and accurate diagnosis of Pneumocystis pneumonia, aspergillosis, candidemia, and endemic mycoses; lack of a standardized molecular approach to identify fungal pathogens directly in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues; lack of robust databases to enhance mold identification with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry; suboptimal diagnostic approaches for mold blood cultures, tissue culture processing for Mucorales, and fungal respiratory cultures for cystic fibrosis patients; inadequate capacity for fungal point-of-care testing to detect and identify new, emerging or underrecognized, rare, or uncommon fungal pathogens; and performance of antifungal susceptibility testing. In this commentary, the FDLC delineates the most pressing unmet diagnostic needs and provides expert opinion on how to fulfill them. Most importantly, the FDLC provides a robust laboratory network to tackle these diagnostic gaps and ultimately to improve and enhance the clinical laboratory's capability to rapidly and accurately diagnose fungal infections.
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21
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Devoto TB, Alava KSH, Pola SJ, Pereda R, Rubeglio E, Finquelievich JL, Cuestas ML. Molecular epidemiology of Aspergillus species and other moulds in respiratory samples from Argentinean patients with cystic fibrosis. Med Mycol 2021; 58:867-873. [PMID: 31915834 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myz133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In cystic fibrosis (CF) patients, fungal colonization of the respiratory tract is frequently found. Aspergillus fumigatus is the most frequently recorded and is associated with loss of pulmonary function and allergic disease (ABPA). The knowledge on prevalence rates of filamentous fungi in CF patients in Latin America is scarce. One hundred and seventy-six fungal isolates recovered from the upper respiratory tract of CF patients from Argentina were identified to species by morphology and DNA sequencing. In total, 90% of CF patients were colonized by Aspergillus sp., followed by Exophiala sp. (14%) and Scedosporium sp. (10%). Among Aspergillus, six species complexes (Fumigati, Flavi, Terrei, Nigri, Usti, and Nidulante) and different cryptospecies were found. Among Scedosporium, three species were observed (Scedosporium apiospermum, Scedosporium aurantiacum and Scedosporium boydii). All Exophiala isolates were identified as Exophiala dermatitidis. Rare filamentous fungi were also found. All cases of ABPA were associated to the presence of A. fumigatus. Mixed colonization with other mould or rare fungi was observed in half of them. To our knowledge, this is the first prospective study of mould species in CF using molecular methods in Latin America. This study shows that Aspergillus sp., E. dermatitidis and Scedosporium sp. have a high frequency in CF patients from Argentina, and by far, A. fumigatus was the most commonly cultured species. Continuous clinical surveillance is required to detect the emergence of new fungal pathogens and to detect resistant or difficult-to-treat species capable of chronic colonizing the airways and of hematogenous dissemination in case of lung transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomás Brito Devoto
- Universidad de Buenos Aires. CONICET. Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica (IMPaM). Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Katherine Stefania Hermida Alava
- Universidad de Buenos Aires. CONICET. Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica (IMPaM). Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Santiago J Pola
- Universidad de Buenos Aires. CONICET. Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica (IMPaM). Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Rosana Pereda
- Hospital General de Niños Pedro de Elizalde. Sección Microbiología. Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Etelvina Rubeglio
- Universidad de Buenos Aires. CONICET. Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica (IMPaM). Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jorge L Finquelievich
- Universidad de Buenos Aires. CONICET. Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica (IMPaM). Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María L Cuestas
- Universidad de Buenos Aires. CONICET. Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica (IMPaM). Buenos Aires, Argentina
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22
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Rothacker T, Jaffey JA, Rogers ER, Fales WH, Gibas CFC, Wiederhold NP, Sanders C, Mele J, Fan H, Cohn LA, Royal A. Novel Penicillium species causing disseminated disease in a Labrador Retriever dog. Med Mycol 2021; 58:1053-1063. [PMID: 32242628 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myaa016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This report describes the phenotypic characteristics of a novel Penicillium species, Penicillium labradorum, isolated from a 3-year-old male, castrated, Labrador retriever with disseminated fungal disease. The dog's presenting clinical signs included lethargy, lymphadenopathy, tachypnea, moderate pitting edema, and nonweight bearing lameness associated with the right hind limb. Fine-needle aspirate biopsies from the sublumbar and prescapular lymph nodes were initially examined. The cytologic findings were consistent with pyogranulomatous inflammation with abundant extracellular and phagocytized fungal fragments and hyphae. Based on the morphology of the organisms and lack of endogenous pigment, hyalohyphomycosis was considered most likely, with Fusarium, Penicillium, and Paecilomyces species being considerations. Fungal isolates were obtained via culture of samples from the lymph nodes, and molecular identification testing originally identified an undescribed Penicillium species belonging to the Penicillium section Exilicaulis. BLAST searches and phylogenetic analyses performed approximately 1 year and 9 months after the isolation date revealed an isolate within the Penicillium parvum clade in the Penicillium section Exilicaulis but phylogenetically distant from the other species in the section, thus representing a new species, Penicillium labradorum. Antifungal susceptibility testing was also performed on the isolate and low minimum inhibitory concentrations were observed with terbinafine, voriconazole, and posaconazole, while in vitro resistance was observed with fluconazole. The dog had been previously treated with fluconazole, itraconazole, amphotericin B lipid complex, voriconazole, and terbinafine. Approximately 587 days after the initial diagnosis, the dog was euthanized due to worsening of clinical signs and concerns for quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Rothacker
- University of Missouri, A345 Clydesdale Hall, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Jared A Jaffey
- Midwestern University, 19555 N 59th Ave, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Erin R Rogers
- University of Missouri, 2308 Houma Blvd 522, Metairie, Louisiana, USA
| | - William H Fales
- (Emeritus), University of Missouri, 2328 Hamilton Drive, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Connie F C Gibas
- Fungus Testing Laboratory & Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Nathan P Wiederhold
- Fungus Testing Laboratory & Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Carmita Sanders
- Fungus Testing Laboratory & Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - James Mele
- Fungus Testing Laboratory & Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Hongxin Fan
- Fungus Testing Laboratory & Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Leah A Cohn
- University of Missouri, A344 Clydesdale Hall, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Angela Royal
- University of Missouri, A344 Clydesdale Hall, Columbia, Missouri, USA
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23
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Mehta D, Hofacker SA, Villalba JA, Duncan LM, Branda JA, Cañete-Gibas C, Wiederhold N, Moran J, Fathi AT, Chen ST, Cervantes J, Hammond SP. First Reported Case of Invasive Cutaneous Penicillium cluniae Infection in a Patient With Acute Myelogenous Leukemia: A Case Report and Literature Review. Open Forum Infect Dis 2021; 8:ofab265. [PMID: 34258314 PMCID: PMC8271139 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofab265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Certain Penicillium species are emerging opportunistic pathogens. While these can be common causes of airborne contamination of clinical cultures, an increasing number of reports describe clinically significant disease in the immunocompromised population, particularly in patients with hematologic malignancy. The typical site of infection is respiratory, but disseminated infection is also reported with some frequency. Therefore, culture growth of Penicillium in respiratory and other clinical samples from immunocompromised patients requires thorough investigation with clinical correlation. Here we report a case of angioinvasive Penicillium cluniae infection of the right shin in a patient with acute myeloid leukemia and review reported cases of invasive Penicillium infection (excluding Talaromyces marneffei) in hematologic malignancy patients to characterize the emerging pathogen in this vulnerable population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devanshi Mehta
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Samuel A Hofacker
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Julian A Villalba
- Pathology Service, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lyn M Duncan
- Pathology Service, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - John A Branda
- Pathology Service, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Connie Cañete-Gibas
- Fungus Testing Laboratory, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Nathan Wiederhold
- Fungus Testing Laboratory, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Jenna Moran
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Amir T Fathi
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Division of Hematology/Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Steven T Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jessica Cervantes
- Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sarah P Hammond
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Division of Hematology/Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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24
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Guo LN, Yu SY, Wang Y, Liu YL, Yuan Y, Duan SM, Yang WH, Jia XM, Zhao Y, Xiao M, Xie XL, Dou HT, Hsueh PR, Xu YC. Species distribution and antifungal susceptibilities of clinical isolates of Penicillium and Talaromyces species in China. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2021; 58:106349. [PMID: 33905861 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2021.106349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Morphologically identified Penicillium (n = 103) and Talaromyces marneffei (n = 8) isolates were collected from various clinical sources between 2016 and 2017 at a medical centre in Beijing, China. Identification to species level was confirmed by sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, β-tubulin gene (benA) and RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (RPB2) gene. Of the 111 isolates, 56 (50.5%) were identified as Penicillium spp. and 55 (49.5%) as Talaromyces spp. Eleven species of Penicillium were detected, of which Penicillium oxalicum was the commonest, accounting for 51.8% (29/56), followed by Penicillium rubens (10.7%; 6/56) and Penicillium citrinum (10.7%; 6/56). Among the 55 Talaromyces isolates, nine species were identified, with Talaromyces funiculosus (36.4%; 20/55), Talaromyces stollii (27.3%; 15/55) and Talaromyces marneffei (14.5%; 8/55) being the most common. Of note, 89.3% (50/56) of the Penicillium isolates and 98.2% (54/55) of the Talaromyces isolates exhibited growth at 37°C. The isolates were mainly recovered from patients with pulmonary disorders (56.8%; 63/111), autoimmune disease (12.6%; 14/111) and AIDS (5.4%; 6/111). The azoles and amphotericin B exhibited potent activity against T. marneffei, while various levels of activity were observed against Penicillium and other Talaromyces species The echinocandins had the lowest MECs (MEC90, ≤0.12 mg/L) against most Penicillium and Talaromyces species, with the exception of T. marneffei whose MEC90 (4 mg/L) was five or more dilutions higher than that of the other species tested. These data on the species distribution and antifungal susceptibility expand the current clinical knowledge of Penicillium and Talaromyces species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Na Guo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Mechanisms Research and Precision Diagnosis of Invasive Fungal Diseases (BZ0447), Beijing, China
| | - Shu-Ying Yu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Mechanisms Research and Precision Diagnosis of Invasive Fungal Diseases (BZ0447), Beijing, China; Graduate School, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yao Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Mechanisms Research and Precision Diagnosis of Invasive Fungal Diseases (BZ0447), Beijing, China
| | - Ya-Li Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Mechanisms Research and Precision Diagnosis of Invasive Fungal Diseases (BZ0447), Beijing, China
| | - Ying Yuan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Mechanisms Research and Precision Diagnosis of Invasive Fungal Diseases (BZ0447), Beijing, China
| | - Si-Meng Duan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Mechanisms Research and Precision Diagnosis of Invasive Fungal Diseases (BZ0447), Beijing, China
| | - Wen-Hang Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Mechanisms Research and Precision Diagnosis of Invasive Fungal Diseases (BZ0447), Beijing, China; Graduate School, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xin-Miao Jia
- Medical Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Zhao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Mechanisms Research and Precision Diagnosis of Invasive Fungal Diseases (BZ0447), Beijing, China
| | - Meng Xiao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Mechanisms Research and Precision Diagnosis of Invasive Fungal Diseases (BZ0447), Beijing, China
| | - Xiu-Li Xie
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Mechanisms Research and Precision Diagnosis of Invasive Fungal Diseases (BZ0447), Beijing, China
| | - Hong-Tao Dou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Mechanisms Research and Precision Diagnosis of Invasive Fungal Diseases (BZ0447), Beijing, China
| | - Po-Ren Hsueh
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine & Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Ying-Chun Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Mechanisms Research and Precision Diagnosis of Invasive Fungal Diseases (BZ0447), Beijing, China.
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25
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Beena H, Gupta M, Kindo AJ. Pulmonary infection with Penicillium citrinum in a patient with multiple myeloma. Indian J Med Microbiol 2021; 39:259-261. [PMID: 33814124 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmmb.2021.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A 60-year-old male patient undergoing chemotherapy for multiple myeloma Stage II presented to our hospital with complaints of cough, haemoptysis, fever and loose stools. Sputum sample was sent for fungal culture. Fungal culture on Sabouraud dextrose agar yielded bluish-green velvety growth with orange-to-red diffusible pigment on the reverse. The isolate was identified as Penicillium species, probably Penicillium citrinum or Penicillium pinophilus. As the isolate did not exhibit thermal dimorphism, the possibility of the fungal isolate being Penicillium marneffei was ruled out. The isolate was sent for molecular identification and confirmation, which was identified as P. citrinum. His HIV status was negative. In this case, his immunocompromised state due to multiple myeloma and chemotherapy could have predisposed him to this fungal infection, which is an emerging infection and a rare manifestation seen in high-risk patients receiving targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Beena
- Department of Microbiology, MS Ramaiah Medical College, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Megha Gupta
- Department of Microbiology, MS Ramaiah Medical College, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.
| | - Anupma Jyoti Kindo
- Department of Microbiology, Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research Institute, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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26
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Surja SS, Adawiyah R, Houbraken J, Rozaliyani A, Sjam R, Yunihastuti E, Wahyuningsih R. Talaromyces atroroseus in HIV and non-HIV patient: A first report from Indonesia. Med Mycol 2021; 58:560-563. [PMID: 31504774 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myz090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We performed morphology, molecular study and antifungal susceptibility test on 10 Talaromyces sp. isolates: eight clinical isolates (human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and non-HIV-patient) and two isolates from rats. All strains produced red soluble pigment and microscopically showed Penicillium-like structure in room temperature and yeast-like structure in 37°C. Based on molecular analysis, nine isolates were identified as Talaromyces atroroseus (including the isolates from rats) and one as T. marneffei. Our susceptibility result of T. marneffei supports the use of amphotericin B, itraconazole for talaromycosis marneffei management. Talaromyces atroroseus showed variable MIC to echinocandin, azole derivatives, 5-flucytosine and amphotericin B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sem Samuel Surja
- Master Program in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia.,Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitas Katolik Indonesia Atma Jaya
| | - Robiatul Adawiyah
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia
| | - Jos Houbraken
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, The Netherlands
| | - Anna Rozaliyani
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia
| | - Ridhawati Sjam
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia
| | - Evy Yunihastuti
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia.,Rumah Sakit Dr Cipto Mangunkusumo, Department of Internal Medicine
| | - Retno Wahyuningsih
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia.,Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Kristen Indonesia
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27
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Nocera FP, De Filippis A, Piscopo N, Esposito L, De Martino L. Similarities between skin culturable bacterial species of pool frogs (Pelophylax lessonae) and their habitat. BULGARIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.15547/bjvm.2019-0054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the culturable microflora of pool frogs (Pelophylax lessonae) and their belonging aquatic environment. A total of 60 samples (56 frog cutaneous swabs, 4 water samples) were inoculated onto different selective and differential agar plates to isolate Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria or yeasts. Microbial investigation of the water hosting frogs was also performed. Isolates were identified by API system and their antibiotic resistance profiles were evaluated by disk diffusion method on Mueller Hinton agar plates. Aeromonas hydrophila and Enterococcus durans were detected in almost all collected samples. Many of the bacterial isolates showed multidrug-resistant profiles. Importantly, this study highlights that skin frog microbiota is correlated to the belonging environment, and, moreover, some isolated bacterial strains resulted to be of interest in animal and public health, since the park was frequented by visitors of all ages.
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28
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Chuah CH, Ong YC, Kong BH, Woo YY, Wong PS, Leong KN, Chow TS. Talaromyces (Penicillium) Species Infection in the Central Nervous System. J R Coll Physicians Edinb 2020; 50:138-140. [DOI: 10.4997/jrcpe.2020.211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Talaromycosis typically occurs as an opportunistic infection among immunocompromised individuals. Infection caused by species other than T. marneffei is uncommon. While most reported cases describe infection in the lungs, we report an extremely rare intracranial Talaromyces species infection. This 61-year-old with end-stage renal disease who was unwell for the previous two months, presented with fever and worsening confusion lasting for three days. Lumbar puncture was suggestive of meningitis. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) culture was later confirmed to be Penicillium chrysogenum. The patient was co-infected with Group B Streptococcus sepsis. He improved with amphotericin B and ceftriaxone and was discharged with oral itraconazole for four weeks. However, he died of unknown causes two weeks later at home. Talaromyces species infection in the central nervous system is uncommon. This case highlighted a rare but life-threatening fungal meningitis. Among the four reported cases worldwide, none of the patients survived.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Huan Chuah
- Infectious Diseases Physician, Hospital Pulau Pinang, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Yu Chen Ong
- Nephrologist, Hospital Pulau Pinang, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Boon Huei Kong
- Nephrologist, Hospital Pulau Pinang, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Yen Yen Woo
- Microbiologist, Hospital Pulau Pinang, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Peng Shyan Wong
- Infectious Diseases Consultant, Hospital Pulau Pinang, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Kar Nim Leong
- Infectious Diseases Consultant, Hospital Pulau Pinang, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Ting Soo Chow
- Infectious Diseases Consultant, Hospital Pulau Pinang, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
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29
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Zhao J, Shi Y, Yuan D, Shi Q, Wang W, Su X. A case report of fungal infection associated acute fibrinous and organizing pneumonitis. BMC Pulm Med 2020; 20:98. [PMID: 32312262 PMCID: PMC7171735 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-020-1145-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute fibrinous and organizing pneumonitis (AFOP) is an uncommon variant of acute lung injury, characterized by intra-alveolar fibrin and organizing pneumonia. Proposed etiologies include connective tissue diseases, infections, occupational exposure, drug reactions, and autoimmune disease. Here we present a rare case of fungal infection associated AFOP in patient with diabetes mellitus (DM) and review the relevant literature. CASE PRESENTATION A 67-year-old man complained of cough, fever, dyspnea and hemoptysis. Patient experienced a rapidly progressive course exhibit diffuse predominant consolidation, ground glass opacities, and multifocal parenchymal abnormalities on chest computed tomography (CT). Antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral treatments were ineffective. A CT-guided percutaneous lung biopsy was performed. Histologically, the predominant findings were as follows: alveolar spaces filled with fibrin and organizing loose connective tissues involving 70% of the observed region, pulmonary interstitial fibrosis, and small abscesses and epithelioid cell granuloma in the focal area. Result of periodic acid-silver methenamine stain was positive. The fungal pathogen from the sputum culture was identified as P. citrinum repeatedly over 3 times. Patient was diagnosed with DM during hospitalization. Corticosteroids combined with an antifungal therapy were effective. Follow-up for 4 months showed complete radiological resolution. CONCLUSIONS As this common "contaminant" can behave as a pathogen in the immunocompromised host, both clinicians and microbiologists should consider the presence of a serious and potentially fatal fungal infection on isolation of P. citrinum. Based on this case, it could be speculated that AFOP may be associated with fungal infection including P. citrinum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangnan Zhao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Yi Shi
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Dongmei Yuan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Qunli Shi
- Department of Pathology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Weiping Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Xin Su
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, China.
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30
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Tie Y, Adams E, Deconinck E, Vanhee C. Substandard and falsified antimicrobials: A potential biohazard in disguise? Drug Test Anal 2019; 12:285-291. [PMID: 31758727 DOI: 10.1002/dta.2740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yaxin Tie
- Scientific Direction Chemical and Physical Health Risks, Section Medicines and Health Products, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Pharmaceutical Analysis, KU Leuven, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Erwin Adams
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Pharmaceutical Analysis, KU Leuven, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Eric Deconinck
- Scientific Direction Chemical and Physical Health Risks, Section Medicines and Health Products, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Celine Vanhee
- Scientific Direction Chemical and Physical Health Risks, Section Medicines and Health Products, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
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31
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Assress HA, Selvarajan R, Nyoni H, Ntushelo K, Mamba BB, Msagati TAM. Diversity, Co-occurrence and Implications of Fungal Communities in Wastewater Treatment Plants. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14056. [PMID: 31575971 PMCID: PMC6773715 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50624-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Three wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) located in Gauteng province in South Africa were investigated to determine the diversity, co-occurrence and implications of their fungal communities using illumina sequencing platform and network analysis. Phylogenetic taxonomy revealed that members of the fungal communities were assigned to 6 phyla and 361 genera. Basidiomycota and Ascomycota were the most abundant phyla, dominated by the genera Naumovozyma, Pseudotomentella, Derxomyces, Ophiocordyceps, Pulchromyces and Paecilomyces. Phylogenetic analysis revealed the existence of fungal OTUs related to class lineages such as Agaricomycetes, Eurotiomycetes and Sordariomycetes indicating new fungal diversity in WWTPs. Dominant and rare fungal genera that can potentially be used in bioremediation such as Trichoderma, Acremonium, Talaromyces, Paecilomyces, cladophialophora and Saccharomyces were detected. Conversely, genera whose members are known to be pathogenic to human and plant such as Olpidium, Paecilomyces, Aspergillus, Rhodotorula, Penicillium, Candida, Synchytrium, Phyllosticta and Mucor were also detected in all WWTPs. Phylotype analysis confirmed that some fungal phylotypes were highly similar to the reported fungal pathogens of concern. Co-occurrence network analysis revealed that the fungal genera such as Minimedusa, Glomus, Circinella, Coltricia, Caloplaca, Phylosticta, Peziza, Candida, and Hydnobolites were the major networking hub in the WWTPs. The overall results in this study highlighted that WWTPs represent a potential source of beneficial fungi for bioremediation of pollutants in the ecosystem and the need to consider human and plant fungal pathogens during safety evaluation of treated wastewater for reuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailemariam Abrha Assress
- University of South Africa, College of Science Engineering and Technology, Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability Research Unit, UNISA Science Campus, Florida, 1709, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Ramganesh Selvarajan
- University of South Africa, College of Agriculture and Environmental sciences, UNISA Science Florida, 1709, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Hlengilizwe Nyoni
- University of South Africa, College of Science Engineering and Technology, Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability Research Unit, UNISA Science Campus, Florida, 1709, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Khayalethu Ntushelo
- University of South Africa, College of Agriculture and Environmental sciences, UNISA Science Florida, 1709, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Bhekie B Mamba
- University of South Africa, College of Science Engineering and Technology, Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability Research Unit, UNISA Science Campus, Florida, 1709, Johannesburg, South Africa.,State Key Laboratory of Seperation and Membranes, Membrane Processes, National Center for International Joint Research on Membrane Science and Technologya, Tianjing, 300387, People's Republic of China
| | - Titus A M Msagati
- University of South Africa, College of Science Engineering and Technology, Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability Research Unit, UNISA Science Campus, Florida, 1709, Johannesburg, South Africa.
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32
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Guevara-Suarez M, García D, Cano-Lira JF, Guarro J, Gené J. Species diversity in Penicillium and Talaromyces from herbivore dung, and the proposal of two new genera of penicillium-like fungi in Aspergillaceae. Fungal Syst Evol 2019; 5:39-75. [PMID: 32467914 PMCID: PMC7250020 DOI: 10.3114/fuse.2020.05.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Coprophilous fungi are saprotrophic organisms that show great diversity, mainly on herbivore dung. The physico-chemical characteristics of this peculiar substrate combined with the high level of fungal adaptation to different environmental conditions offer the perfect setting for discovering new taxa. This study focused on the species diversity of penicillium-like fungi isolated mainly from herbivore dung collected at different Spanish locations. From 130 samples, a total of 104 isolates were obtained, and 48 species were identified. Preliminary identifications were based on morphology and partial β-tubulin (tub2) gene sequences. Putative new taxa were characterized by a multi-gene sequencing analysis testing the tub2, the internal transcribed spacer rDNA (ITS), calmodulin (cmdA), and RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (rpb2) genes, and a detailed phenotypic study. Using this polyphasic approach and following the genealogical concordance phylogenetic species recognition (GCPSR) method, we propose the new genera Penicillago (for Penicillium nodositatum) and Pseudopenicillium (for Penicillium megasporum and P. giganteum) in the family Aspergillaceae, and 11 new species, including seven Penicillium, three Talaromyces and one Pseudopenicillium. A lectotype and epitype are designed for Penicillium nodositatum. Our results show that the species diversity of penicillium-like fungi on herbivore dung has not been widely studied and that this substrate seems to be a good reservoir of interesting Eurotialean fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Guevara-Suarez
- Unitat de Micologia, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut and IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain.,Laboratorio de Micología y Fitopatología (LAMFU), Vicerrectoría de Investigaciones, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - D García
- Unitat de Micologia, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut and IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - J F Cano-Lira
- Unitat de Micologia, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut and IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - J Guarro
- Unitat de Micologia, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut and IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - J Gené
- Unitat de Micologia, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut and IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
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33
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Shoham S, Dominguez EA. Emerging fungal infections in solid organ transplant recipients: Guidelines of the American Society of Transplantation Infectious Diseases Community of Practice. Clin Transplant 2019; 33:e13525. [PMID: 30859651 DOI: 10.1111/ctr.13525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
These updated AST-IDCOP guidelines review the epidemiology, diagnosis, and management of emerging fungi after organ transplantation. Infections due to numerous generally innocuous fungi are increasingly recognized in solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients, comprising about 7%-10% of fungal infections in this setting. Such infections are collectively referred to as emerging fungal infections and include Mucormycetes, Fusarium, Scedosporium, and dematiaceous fungi among others. The causative organisms are diverse in their pathophysiology, uncommon in the clinical setting, have evolving nomenclature, and are often resistant to multiple commonly used antifungal agents. In recent years significant advances have been made in understanding of the epidemiology of these emerging fungal infections, with improved diagnosis and expanded treatment options. Still, treatment guidelines are generally informed by and limited to experience from cohorts of patients with hematological malignancies and/or solid and stem cell transplants. While multicenter randomized controlled trials are not feasible for these uncommon infections in SOT recipients, collaborative prospective studies can be valuable in providing information on the epidemiology, clinical manifestations, treatment strategies, and outcomes associated with the more commonly encountered infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shmuel Shoham
- Transplant and Oncology Infectious Diseases Program, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Edward A Dominguez
- Organ Transplant Infectious Disease, Methodist Transplant Specialists, Dallas, Texas
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34
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Epidemiology of antifungal susceptibility: Review of literature. J Mycol Med 2019; 28:574-584. [PMID: 29773435 DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2018.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Fungal infections are a major cause of morbidity and mortality despite the latest developments of diagnostic tools and therapeutic options. Early initiation of the appropriate antifungal therapy has been demonstrated to have a direct impact on the patient's outcome. Antifungal susceptibility testing methods are available to detect antifungal resistance and to determine the best treatment for a specific fungus. American and European standards have been developed, as well as equivalent commercial systems, which are more appropriate for clinical laboratories. These studies have allowed the development of interpretative breakpoints against the most frequent agents of fungal infections in the world. Surveillance of antifungal susceptibility patterns can provide the local drug resistance data to the clinicians, which can further aid better management of patients. Antifungal susceptibility tests have become essential tools to identify resistance to antifungals, to know the local and global disease epidemiology and to guide the treatment of fungal diseases. The distribution of species and the prevalence of antifungal resistance in fungi isolates varied among different areas. Here we summarize the epidemiology of antifungal susceptibility pattern of different fungal species.
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35
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Ramírez I, Hidrón A, Cardona R. Successful treatment of pulmonary invasive fungal infection by Penicillium non -marneffei in lymphoblastic lymphoma: case report and literature review. Clin Case Rep 2018; 6:1153-1157. [PMID: 29881585 PMCID: PMC5986030 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.1527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 03/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Penicillium non-marneffei species rarely cause disease in humans and are encountered most commonly in the clinical laboratory as culture contaminants; however, recently they have emerged as opportunistic pathogens in immunocompromised hosts; therefore, it should not be routinely disregarded without a thorough investigation, especially if normally sterile sites are involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Ramírez
- Division of Infectious DiseasesDepartment of Internal MedicineHospital Pablo Tobón UribeMedellínColombia
- Division of Infectious DiseasesDepartment of Internal MedicineUniversidad de AntioquiaMedellínColombia
| | - Alicia Hidrón
- Division of Infectious DiseasesDepartment of Internal MedicineHospital Pablo Tobón UribeMedellínColombia
- Division of Infectious DiseasesDepartment of Internal MedicineUniversidad Pontificia BolivarianaMedellínColombia
| | - Ricardo Cardona
- Department of PathologyHospital Pablo Tobón UribeMedellínColombia
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36
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Tsang CC, Tang JY, Lau SK, Woo PC. Taxonomy and evolution of Aspergillus, Penicillium and Talaromyces in the omics era - Past, present and future. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2018; 16:197-210. [PMID: 30002790 PMCID: PMC6039702 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2018.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Aspergillus, Penicillium and Talaromyces are diverse, phenotypically polythetic genera encompassing species important to the environment, economy, biotechnology and medicine, causing significant social impacts. Taxonomic studies on these fungi are essential since they could provide invaluable information on their evolutionary relationships and define criteria for species recognition. With the advancement of various biological, biochemical and computational technologies, different approaches have been adopted for the taxonomy of Aspergillus, Penicillium and Talaromyces; for example, from traditional morphotyping, phenotyping to chemotyping (e.g. lipotyping, proteotypingand metabolotyping) and then mitogenotyping and/or phylotyping. Since different taxonomic approaches focus on different sets of characters of the organisms, various classification and identification schemes would result. In view of this, the consolidated species concept, which takes into account different types of characters, is recently accepted for taxonomic purposes and, together with the lately implemented 'One Fungus - One Name' policy, is expected to bring a more stable taxonomy for Aspergillus, Penicillium and Talaromyces, which could facilitate their evolutionary studies. The most significant taxonomic change for the three genera was the transfer of Penicillium subgenus Biverticillium to Talaromyces (e.g. the medically important thermally dimorphic 'P. marneffei' endemic in Southeast Asia is now named T. marneffei), leaving both Penicillium and Talaromyces as monophyletic genera. Several distantly related Aspergillus-like fungi were also segregated from Aspergillus, making this genus, containing members of both sexual and asexual morphs, monophyletic as well. In the current omics era, application of various state-of-the-art omics technologies is likely to provide comprehensive information on the evolution of Aspergillus, Penicillium and Talaromyces and a stable taxonomy will hopefully be achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Ching Tsang
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - James Y.M. Tang
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Susanna K.P. Lau
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Collaborative Innovation Centre for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Patrick C.Y. Woo
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Collaborative Innovation Centre for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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37
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Santos AF, Ferreira IP, Takahashi JA, Rodrigues GLS, Pinheiro CB, Teixeira LR, Rocha WR, Beraldo H. Silver(i) complexes with 2-acetylpyridinebenzoylhydrazones exhibit antimicrobial effects against yeast and filamentous fungi. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj04280a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
2-Acetylpyridinebenzoylhydrazones and their silver(i) complexes show antimicrobial effects and deserve to be investigated as antifungal drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ane F. Santos
- Departamento de Química
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais
- Belo Horizonte
- Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Carlos B. Pinheiro
- Departamento de Física
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais
- Belo Horizonte
- Brazil
| | - Letícia R. Teixeira
- Departamento de Química
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais
- Belo Horizonte
- Brazil
| | - Willian R. Rocha
- Departamento de Química
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais
- Belo Horizonte
- Brazil
| | - Heloisa Beraldo
- Departamento de Química
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais
- Belo Horizonte
- Brazil
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38
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Guevara-Suarez M, Sutton DA, Gené J, García D, Wiederhold N, Guarro J, Cano-Lira JF. Four new species of Talaromyces from clinical sources. Mycoses 2017; 60:651-662. [PMID: 28660627 DOI: 10.1111/myc.12640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Revised: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The genus Talaromyces constitutes an important group of molds with species that are mainly found in soil, indoor environments and food products. Traditionally, it has been considered, together with Eupenicillium, the teleomorphic state of Penicillium. However, the taxonomy of these fungi has changed considerably, and Talaromyces currently includes sexually and asexually reproducing species. In a previous study of the occurrence of penicillium-like fungi from clinical samples in the USA, we used the combined phylogeny of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the rDNA and β-tubulin (BenA) gene to identify 31 isolates of Talaromyces, 85 of Penicillium and two of Rasamsonia. However, seven isolates of Talaromyces were assigned to the corresponding sections but not to any particular species. In this study, we have resolved the taxonomy of these isolates through a multilocus sequence analysis of the ITS, fragments of the BenA, calmodulin (CaM), and RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (RPB2) genes, and a detailed phenotypic study. As a result, four new species are described and illustrated, ie Talaromyces alveolaris, T. georgiensis, T. minnesotensis and T. rapidus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Guevara-Suarez
- Unitat de Micologia, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut and IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Deanna A Sutton
- Fungus Testing Laboratory, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Josepa Gené
- Unitat de Micologia, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut and IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Dania García
- Unitat de Micologia, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut and IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Nathan Wiederhold
- Fungus Testing Laboratory, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Josep Guarro
- Unitat de Micologia, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut and IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - José F Cano-Lira
- Unitat de Micologia, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut and IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
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39
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Hesse SE, Luethy PM, Beigel JH, Zelazny AM. Penicillium citrinum: Opportunistic pathogen or idle bystander? A case analysis with demonstration of galactomannan cross-reactivity. Med Mycol Case Rep 2017; 17:8-10. [PMID: 28580236 PMCID: PMC5447564 DOI: 10.1016/j.mmcr.2017.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2017] [Revised: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a case of an immunocompromised woman with fever, pulmonary infiltrates and multiple bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cultures positive for Penicillium citrinum with a concomitant high BAL galactomannan level. We report the results of Aspergillus galactomannan testing performed on culture supernatants from her P. citrinum strain that confirmed the suspected cross-reactivity. Finally, we discuss the clinical significance and antifungal susceptibility of P. citrinum in our case and review the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shayla E. Hesse
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Corresponding author.
| | - Paul M. Luethy
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - John H. Beigel
- Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Adrian M. Zelazny
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
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40
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Villanueva-Lozano H, Treviño-Rangel RDJ, Renpenning-Carrasco EW, González GM. Successful treatment of Talaromyces amestolkiae pulmonary infection with voriconazole in an acute lymphoblastic leukemia patient. J Infect Chemother 2017; 23:400-402. [PMID: 28161296 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2016.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Revised: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Infections due to Talaromyces spp. are uncommon, but they have been reported previously as causative agents of disease in immunocompromised patients. The prognosis of hemato-oncological patients with an invasive fungal infection is generally poor and the identification of the causative agent is usually not achieved or in some cases the isolated agent is taken as a contaminant and not treated, which contributes to their bad outcome. We report a case of Talaromyces amestolkiae pulmonary infection in an acute lymphoblastic leukemia patient, which was successfully treated with voriconazole, and discuss the importance of molecular identification and treatment of non-traditionally pathogenic fungi in this specific subset of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiram Villanueva-Lozano
- Infectious Diseases Department, University Hospital "Dr. José Eleuterio González", Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Mexico
| | | | - Erick W Renpenning-Carrasco
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Department, University Hospital "Dr. José Eleuterio González", Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Gloria M González
- Microbiology Department, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Mexico.
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