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Kim HJ, Jung Y, Kim MJ, Kim HY. Novel Heptaplex PCR-Based Diagnostics for Enteric Fever Caused by Typhoidal Salmonella Serovars and Its Applicability in Clinical Blood Culture. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 33:1457-1466. [PMID: 37674393 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2307.07031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Enteric fever is caused by typhoidal Salmonella serovars (Typhi, Paratyphi A, Paratyphi B, and Paratyphi C). Owing to the importance of Salmonella serovars in clinics and public hygiene, reliable diagnostics for typhoidal serovars are crucial. This study aimed to develop a novel diagnostic tool for typhoidal Salmonella serovars and evaluate the use of human blood for clinically diagnosing enteric fever. Five genes were selected to produce specific PCR results against typhoidal Salmonella serovars based on the genes of Salmonella Typhi. Heptaplex PCR, including genetic markers of generic Salmonella, Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica, and typhoidal Salmonella serovars, was developed. Typhoidal Salmonella heptaplex PCR using genomic DNAs from 200 Salmonella strains (112 serovars) provided specifically amplified PCR products for each typhoidal Salmonella serovar. These results suggest that heptaplex PCR can sufficiently discriminate between typhoidal and nontyphoidal Salmonella serovars. Heptaplex PCR was applied to Salmonella-spiked blood cultures directly and provided diagnostic results after 12- or 13.5-h blood culture. Additionally, it demonstrated diagnostic performance with colonies recovered from a 6-h blood culture. This study provides a reliable DNA-based tool for diagnosing typhoidal Salmonella serovars that may be useful in clinical microbiology and epidemiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Joong Kim
- Department of Food Engineering, Mokpo National University, Muan 58554, Republic of Korea
| | - Younsik Jung
- Institute of Life Sciences and Resources and the Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104 Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Ju Kim
- Institute of Life Sciences and Resources and the Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104 Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Yeong Kim
- Institute of Life Sciences and Resources and the Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104 Republic of Korea
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Alvarado-Martinez Z, Julianingsih D, Tabashsum Z, Aditya A, Tung CW, Phung A, Suh G, Hshieh K, Wall M, Kapadia S, Canagarajah C, Maskey S, Sellers G, Scriba A, Biswas D. Assessment of the prevalence, serotype, and antibiotic resistance pattern of Salmonella enterica in integrated farming systems in the Maryland-DC area. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1240458. [PMID: 37637118 PMCID: PMC10448900 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1240458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Implementation of organic/pasture farming practices has been increasing in the USA regardless of official certification. These practices have created an increasingly growing demand for marketing safe products which are produced through these systems. Products from these farming systems have been reported to be at greater risk of transmitting foodborne pathogens because of current trends in their practices. Salmonella enterica (SE) is a ubiquitous foodborne pathogen that remains a public health issue given its prevalence in various food products, but also in the environment and as part of the microbial flora of many domestic animals. Monitoring antibiotic resistance and identifying potential sources contamination are increasingly important given the growing trend of organic/pasture markets. This study aimed to quantify prevalence of SE at the pre- and post-harvest levels of various integrated farms and sites in Maryland-Washington D.C. area, as well as identify the most prevalent serovars and antibiotic resistance patterns. Samples from various elements within the farm environment were collected and screened for SE through culture and molecular techniques, which served to identify and serotype SE, using species and serovar-specific primers, while antibiotic resistance was evaluated using an antibiogram assay. Results showed a prevalence of 7.80% of SE pre-harvest and 1.91% post-harvest. These results also showed the main sources of contamination to be soil (2.17%), grass (1.28%), feces (1.42%) and unprocessed produce (1.48%). The most commonly identified serovar was Typhimurium (11.32%) at the pre-harvest level, while the only identified serovar from post-harvest samples was Montevideo (4.35%). With respect to antibiotic resistance, out of the 13 clinically relevant antibiotics tested, gentamycin and kanamycin were the most effective, demonstrating 78.93 and 76.40% of isolates, respectively, to be susceptible. However, ampicillin, amoxicillin and cephradine had the lowest number of susceptible isolates with them being 10.95, 12.36, and 9.83%, respectively. These results help inform farms striving to implement organic practices on how to produce safer products by recognizing areas that pose greater risks as potential sources of contamination, in addition to identifying serotypes of interest, while also showcasing the current state of antibiotic efficacy and how this can influence antibiotic resistance trends in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zabdiel Alvarado-Martinez
- Biological Sciences Program, Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Dita Julianingsih
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Zajeba Tabashsum
- Biological Sciences Program, Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Arpita Aditya
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Chuan-Wei Tung
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Anna Phung
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Grace Suh
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Katherine Hshieh
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Matthew Wall
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Sarika Kapadia
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Christa Canagarajah
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Saloni Maskey
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD, United States
| | - George Sellers
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Aaron Scriba
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Debabrata Biswas
- Biological Sciences Program, Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD, United States
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD, United States
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Teklemariam AD, Al-Hindi RR, Albiheyri RS, Alharbi MG, Alghamdi MA, Filimban AAR, Al Mutiri AS, Al-Alyani AM, Alseghayer MS, Almaneea AM, Albar AH, Khormi MA, Bhunia AK. Human Salmonellosis: A Continuous Global Threat in the Farm-to-Fork Food Safety Continuum. Foods 2023; 12:foods12091756. [PMID: 37174295 PMCID: PMC10178548 DOI: 10.3390/foods12091756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonella is one of the most common zoonotic foodborne pathogens and a worldwide public health threat. Salmonella enterica is the most pathogenic among Salmonella species, comprising over 2500 serovars. It causes typhoid fever and gastroenteritis, and the serovars responsible for the later disease are known as non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS). Salmonella transmission to humans happens along the farm-to-fork continuum via contaminated animal- and plant-derived foods, including poultry, eggs, fish, pork, beef, vegetables, fruits, nuts, and flour. Several virulence factors have been recognized to play a vital role in attaching, invading, and evading the host defense system. These factors include capsule, adhesion proteins, flagella, plasmids, and type III secretion systems that are encoded on the Salmonella pathogenicity islands. The increased global prevalence of NTS serovars in recent years indicates that the control approaches centered on alleviating the food animals' contamination along the food chain have been unsuccessful. Moreover, the emergence of antibiotic-resistant Salmonella variants suggests a potential food safety crisis. This review summarizes the current state of the knowledge on the nomenclature, microbiological features, virulence factors, and the mechanism of antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella. Furthermore, it provides insights into the pathogenesis and epidemiology of Salmonella infections. The recent outbreaks of salmonellosis reported in different clinical settings and geographical regions, including Africa, the Middle East and North Africa, Latin America, Europe, and the USA in the farm-to-fork continuum, are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Addisu D Teklemariam
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rashad R Al-Hindi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Raed S Albiheyri
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Centre of Excellence in Bionanoscience Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mona G Alharbi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mashail A Alghamdi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amani A R Filimban
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah S Al Mutiri
- Laboratory Department, Saudi Food and Drug Authority, Riyadh 12843, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah M Al-Alyani
- Laboratory Department, Saudi Food and Drug Authority, Jeddah 22311, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mazen S Alseghayer
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Monitoring and Risk Assessment Department, Saudi Food and Drug Authority, Riyadh 13513, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz M Almaneea
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Monitoring and Risk Assessment Department, Saudi Food and Drug Authority, Riyadh 13513, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulgader H Albar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Microbiology and Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Jeddah University, Jeddah 23218, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohsen A Khormi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan 82817, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arun K Bhunia
- Molecular Food Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology, and Infectious Disease, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Purdue University Interdisciplinary Life Science Program (PULSe), West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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Frequency of Salmonella serotypes among children in Iran: antimicrobial susceptibility, biofilm formation, and virulence genes. BMC Pediatr 2022; 22:557. [PMID: 36131275 PMCID: PMC9490922 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-022-03614-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/SIGNIFICANCE Salmonella gastroenteritis causes significant morbidity among pediatric patients, mainly in developing world, such as the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. Concurrently, data from MENA countries like Iran, regarding prevalence of Salmonella serotypes, antimicrobial susceptibility, and biofilm production is scarce. MATERIAL & METHODS Slide agglutination was used to determine the serogroup of 140 Salmonella isolates recovered from 4477 stool specimens collected from children with gastroenteritis, and isolates were serotyped by PCR assay. The antimicrobial susceptibility of isolates to five first line drugs was assessed by disk diffusion assay using CLSI guidelines. Semi-quantitative evaluation of biofilm production was done by microtiter plate assay followed by PCR detection of biofilm-associated virulence genes csgD, pefA, and bcsA for each isolate. RESULTS Nearly 94% of Salmonella isolates were recovered from ≤ 5-year-old patients, and 99% of isolates were non-typhoidal. While we found extensive diversity among Salmonella isolates, serogroup D (46%) predominated, and Salmonella Enteritidis (41%) was the most common serotype that showed the highest antimicrobial susceptibility rate (> 96%). For the first time in Iran, S. Newport serotype from human specimens was isolated. Most isolates were sensitive to all test antimicrobials, but 35% of isolates were not-typed (NT) that showed the highest resistance with 48% being resistant to ≥ 1 test antimicrobial. Majority of isolates made weak (or no) biofilm, and we found a weak association between antimicrobial susceptibility, biofilm production, or virulence genes csgD, pefA, and bcsA. CONCLUSIONS The most effective measure that may control pediatric salmonellosis outbreaks is raising awareness of parents of preschoolers about food safety. Isolation of highly diverse Salmonella serotypes, including many commonly isolated from animals, indicates widespread contamination of the food chain. Majority of serotypes were sensitive to first-line antimicrobials, thus presently, pediatric Salmonella infections in this region may be controlled by conventional antimicrobials. However, despite the current trend, an imminent emergence of resistant Salmonella strains is foreseen, since various serotypes resistant to > 1 antimicrobial agent are typically associated with animals. Our results warrant further investigation that includes correlation analysis of clinical data regarding treatment outcomes, and serotype attributes like virulence genes.
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Ligong Z, Hongxia L, Junjie L, Lu Z, Bie X. A duplex real-time NASBA assay targeting serotype-specific gene for rapid detection of viable S. enterica serovar Paratyphi C in retail foods of animal origin. Can J Microbiol 2022; 68:259-268. [PMID: 35025610 DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2021-0054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Salmonella enterica serovars Paratyphi C is highly adapted to humans and can cause a typhoid-like disease with high mortality rates. In this study, three serovar-specific genes were determined for S. Paratyphi C, SPC_0871,SPC_0872, and SPC_0908, by comparative genomics method. Based on SPC_0908 and xcd gene for testing Salmonella spp., we have developed a duplex real-time nucleic acid sequence-based amplification (real-time NASBA) with molecular beacon approach for simultaneous detection of viable cells of Salmonella spp. and serotype Paratyphi C. The test selectively and consistently detected 53 Salmonella spp. (representing 31 serotypes) and 18 non-Salmonella strains. Additionally, the method showed high resistance to interference by natural background flora in pork and chicken samples. The sensitivity of the established approach was determined to be 4.89 CFU/25 g in artificially contaminated pork and chicken samples after pre-enrichment. We propose this NASBA-based protocol as a potential detection method for Salmonella spp. and serotype Paratyphi C in food of animal origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhai Ligong
- Anhui Science and Technology University, 177515, Bengbu, China, 233100;
| | - Liu Hongxia
- Ministry of Agriculture of China, Nanjing, China;
| | - Li Junjie
- Nanjing Agricultural University, 70578, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China;
| | - Zhaoxin Lu
- Colleges of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China;
| | - Xiaomei Bie
- Colleges of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China;
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6
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Cordovana M, Mauder N, Kostrzewa M, Wille A, Rojak S, Hagen RM, Ambretti S, Pongolini S, Soliani L, Justesen US, Holt HM, Join-Lambert O, Le Hello S, Auzou M, Veloo AC, May J, Frickmann H, Dekker D. Classification of Salmonella enterica of the (Para-)Typhoid Fever Group by Fourier-Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9040853. [PMID: 33921159 PMCID: PMC8071548 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9040853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Typhoidal and para-typhoidal Salmonella are major causes of bacteraemia in resource-limited countries. Diagnostic alternatives to laborious and resource-demanding serotyping are essential. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIRS) is a rapidly developing and simple bacterial typing technology. In this study, we assessed the discriminatory power of the FTIRS-based IR Biotyper (Bruker Daltonik GmbH, Bremen, Germany), for the rapid and reliable identification of biochemically confirmed typhoid and paratyphoid fever-associated Salmonella isolates. In total, 359 isolates, comprising 30 S. Typhi, 23 S. Paratyphi A, 23 S. Paratyphi B, and 7 S. Paratyphi C, respectively and other phylogenetically closely related Salmonella serovars belonging to the serogroups O:2, O:4, O:7 and O:9 were tested. The strains were derived from clinical, environmental and food samples collected at different European sites. Applying artificial neural networks, specific automated classifiers were built to discriminate typhoidal serovars from non-typhoidal serovars within each of the four serogroups. The accuracy of the classifiers was 99.9%, 87.0%, 99.5% and 99.0% for Salmonella Typhi, Salmonella Paratyphi A, B and Salmonella Paratyphi C, respectively. The IR Biotyper is a promising tool for fast and reliable detection of typhoidal Salmonella. Hence, IR biotyping may serve as a suitable alternative to conventional approaches for surveillance and diagnostic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Cordovana
- Bruker Daltonik GmbH, 28359 Bremen, Germany; (M.C.); (N.M.); (M.K.)
| | - Norman Mauder
- Bruker Daltonik GmbH, 28359 Bremen, Germany; (M.C.); (N.M.); (M.K.)
| | - Markus Kostrzewa
- Bruker Daltonik GmbH, 28359 Bremen, Germany; (M.C.); (N.M.); (M.K.)
| | - Andreas Wille
- Institute for Hygiene and Environment, 20539 Hamburg, Germany;
| | - Sandra Rojak
- Department of Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Bundeswehr Central Hospital Koblenz, 56070 Koblenz, Germany; (S.R.); (R.M.H.)
| | - Ralf Matthias Hagen
- Department of Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Bundeswehr Central Hospital Koblenz, 56070 Koblenz, Germany; (S.R.); (R.M.H.)
| | - Simone Ambretti
- Operative Unit of Microbiology, IRCCS-Azienda Ospedaliero Policlinico Sant’Orsola-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Stefano Pongolini
- Risk Analysis and Genomic Epidemiology Unit, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Della Lombardia e dell’Emilia-Romagna, 43126 Parma, Italy; (S.P.); (L.S.)
| | - Laura Soliani
- Risk Analysis and Genomic Epidemiology Unit, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Della Lombardia e dell’Emilia-Romagna, 43126 Parma, Italy; (S.P.); (L.S.)
| | - Ulrik S. Justesen
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense C, Denmark; (U.S.J.); (H.M.H.)
| | - Hanne M. Holt
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense C, Denmark; (U.S.J.); (H.M.H.)
| | - Olivier Join-Lambert
- Department of Microbiology, Université de Caen, Normandie, CEDEX 5, 14032 Caen, France; (O.J.-L.); (S.L.H.); (M.A.)
| | - Simon Le Hello
- Department of Microbiology, Université de Caen, Normandie, CEDEX 5, 14032 Caen, France; (O.J.-L.); (S.L.H.); (M.A.)
| | - Michel Auzou
- Department of Microbiology, Université de Caen, Normandie, CEDEX 5, 14032 Caen, France; (O.J.-L.); (S.L.H.); (M.A.)
| | - Alida C. Veloo
- University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University of Groningen, 9700 AB Groningen, The Netherlands;
| | - Jürgen May
- Infectious Disease Department, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine Hamburg, 20359 Hamburg, Germany; or
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Tropical Medicine II Hamburg, 20359 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hagen Frickmann
- Department of Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Bundeswehr Hospital Hamburg, 20359 Hamburg, Germany; or
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medicine Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Denise Dekker
- Infectious Disease Department, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine Hamburg, 20359 Hamburg, Germany; or
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
- Correspondence:
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Genome-based Salmonella serotyping as the new gold standard. Sci Rep 2020; 10:4333. [PMID: 32152449 PMCID: PMC7062728 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-61254-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enterica is the second most reported bacterial cause of food-borne infections in Europe. Therefore molecular surveillance activities based on pathogen subtyping are an important measure of controlling Salmonellosis by public health agencies. In Germany, at the federal level, this work is carried out by the National Reference Center for Salmonella and other Bacterial Enteric Pathogens (NRC). With rise of next generation sequencing techniques, the NRC has introduced whole-genome-based typing methods for S. enterica in 2016. In this study we report on the feasibility of genome-based in silico serotyping in the German setting using raw sequence reads. We found that SeqSero and seven gene MLST showed 98% and 95% concordance, respectively, with classical serotyping for the here evaluated serotypes, including the most common German serotypes S. Enteritidis and S. Typhimurium as well as less frequently found serotypes. The level of concordance increased to >99% when the results of both in silico methods were combined. However, both tools exhibited misidentification of monophasic variants, in particular monophasic S. Typhimurium and therefore need to be fine-tuned for reliable detection of this epidemiologically important variant. We conclude that with adjustments Salmonella genome-based serotyping might become the new gold standard.
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8
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Rojak S, Wiemer DF, Wille A, Loderstädt U, Wassill L, Hinz R, Hagen RM, Frickmann H. Loop-mediated isothermal amplification for paratyphoid fever - a proof-of-principle analysis. Lett Appl Microbiol 2019; 68:509-513. [PMID: 30761564 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In-house loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) procedures for the detection of paratyphoid fever-associated bacteria on serovar level were evaluated. Therefore, LAMP primers for Salmonella genus, for two LAMP schemes for S. Paratyphi A, for S. Paratyphi B and for S. Paratyphi C were tested with DNA from culture isolates from strain collections and spiked blood cultures against published PCR protocols targeting the same micro-organisms. Sensitivity and specificity for DNA from culture isolates verified by LAMP ranged from 80·0 to 100·0% and 96·1 to 100·0% vs 65 to 100% and 98·7 to 100% for the PCR approaches. For the spiked blood culture materials, sensitivity and specificity for LAMP ranged from 87·5 to 100·0% and 96·7 to 100·0% vs from 60 to 100% and 98·2 to 100% for PCR. In conclusion, LAMP for paratyphoid fever shows comparable performance characteristics as PCR. Due to its easy application, the procedure is well suited for surveillance purposes in resource-limited settings. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: The use of easy-to-apply, point-of-care-testing-like loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) for the diagnosis of paratyphoid fever is evaluated. This approach can contribute to low-threshold availability of surveillance options for resource limited settings. Easy-to-teach and easy-to-apply LAMP schemes with similar performance characteristics as PCR are provided. The described test evaluation is of particular use for surveillance and public health experts.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Rojak
- Department of Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Bundeswehr Hospital Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Bundeswehr Hospital Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - D F Wiemer
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Bundeswehr Hospital Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - A Wille
- Institute for Hygiene and Environment, City of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - U Loderstädt
- Institute for Hygiene and Environment, City of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - L Wassill
- Amplex Diagnostics GmbH, Gars-Bahnhof, Germany
| | - R Hinz
- Department of Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Bundeswehr Hospital Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - R M Hagen
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Bundeswehr Medical Academy, Munich, Germany
| | - H Frickmann
- Department of Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Bundeswehr Hospital Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.,Institute for Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medicine Rostock, Rostock, Germany
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Zhang P, Zhuang L, Zhang D, Xu J, Dou X, Wang C, Gong J. Serovar-Specific Polymerase Chain Reaction for Detection of Salmonella enterica Serovar Indiana. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2018; 15:776-781. [PMID: 30183348 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2018.2492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enterica serovar Indiana (S. Indiana) is a newly emerging pathogen with high levels of drug resistance. It has become one of the most common Salmonella serovars in China with a worldwide distribution, posing significant public health concerns. Detection of S. Indiana by traditional bacteriological methods is time-consuming and laborious, which prevents timely surveillance and effective control of the pathogen. In this study, comparative genomics was used to identify an A7P63_13850 gene that is uniquely present in S. Indiana, but not in other Salmonella serovars or any non-Salmonella bacteria. Then, a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay targeting this serovar-specific gene was established for specific detection of S. Indiana. The detection limit of this method is 10 pg per reaction for bacterial genomic DNA, being equivalent to 100 colony-forming units (CFU) per reaction. The established PCR amplifies all S. Indiana strains (n = 56), but none of other Salmonella serovars (n = 146) and non-Salmonella species (n = 14). The assay established in this study was also used to detect clinical samples from poultry, showed a positivity of 14.7% (23/156) for S. Indiana, which were verified by bacteriological methods. The highly sensitive and serovar-specific PCR for S. Indiana established in this study is suitable and convenient for detection of S. Indiana which aids in surveillance and control of the pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Zhang
- Poultry Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonose, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Linlin Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Di Zhang
- Poultry Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonose, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jingxiao Xu
- Poultry Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xinhong Dou
- Poultry Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonose, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Chengming Wang
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama
| | - Jiansen Gong
- Poultry Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonose, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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Chiang YC, Wang HH, Ramireddy L, Chen HY, Shih CM, Lin CK, Tsen HY. Designing a biochip following multiplex polymerase chain reaction for the detection of Salmonella serovars Typhimurium, Enteritidis, Infantis, Hadar, and Virchow in poultry products. J Food Drug Anal 2017; 26:58-66. [PMID: 29389589 PMCID: PMC9332633 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2016.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Revised: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella-contaminated foods, especially poultry-derived foods (eggs, chicken meat), are the major source of salmonellosis. Not only in the European Union (EU), but also in the United States, Japan, and other countries, has salmonellosis been an issue of concern for food safety control agencies. In 2005, EU regulation 1003/2005 set a target for the control and reduction of five target Salmonella enterica serovars—S. Typhimurium, S. Enteritidis, S. Infantis, S. Hadar, and S. Virchow—in breeding flocks. Thus, a simple biochip for the rapid detection of any of these five Salmonella serovars in poultry products may be required. The objectives of this study were to design S. Virchow-specific primers and to develop a biochip for the simultaneous identification of all or any of these five Salmonella serovars in poultry and poultry products. Experimentally, we designed novel polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers for the specific detection of S. Virchow, S. Infantis, and S. Hadar. The specificity of all these primers and two known primer sets for S. Typhimurium and S. Enteritidis was then confirmed under the same PCR conditions using 57 target strains and 112 nontarget Salmonella strains as well as 103 non-Salmonella strains. Following multiplex PCR, strains of any of these five Salmonella serovars could be detected by a chromogenic biochip deployed with DNA probes specific to these five Salmonella serovars. In comparison with the multiplex PCR methods, the biochip assay could improve the detection limit of each of the Salmonella serovars from N × 103 cfu/mL to N × 102 cfu/mL sample in either the pure culture or the chicken meat samples. With an 8-hour enrichment step, the detection limit could reach up to N × 100 cfu/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Cheng Chiang
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Hung Kuang University, Number 1018, Section 6, Taiwan Boulevard, Shalu District, Taichung City 43302, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Hsien-Huang Wang
- DR. Chip Biotech, Science-Based Industrial Park, Chu-Nan, Miao-Li County 350, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Latha Ramireddy
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Hung Kuang University, Number 1018, Section 6, Taiwan Boulevard, Shalu District, Taichung City 43302, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hsin-Yen Chen
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Hung Kuang University, Number 1018, Section 6, Taiwan Boulevard, Shalu District, Taichung City 43302, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chia-Ming Shih
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Hung Kuang University, Number 1018, Section 6, Taiwan Boulevard, Shalu District, Taichung City 43302, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chien-Ku Lin
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Hung Kuang University, Number 1018, Section 6, Taiwan Boulevard, Shalu District, Taichung City 43302, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hau-Yang Tsen
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Hung Kuang University, Number 1018, Section 6, Taiwan Boulevard, Shalu District, Taichung City 43302, Taiwan, ROC.
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11
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Peng M, Salaheen S, Almario JA, Tesfaye B, Buchanan R, Biswas D. Prevalence and antibiotic resistance pattern ofSalmonellaserovars in integrated crop-livestock farms and their products sold in local markets. Environ Microbiol 2016; 18:1654-65. [DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.13265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 01/31/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mengfei Peng
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences; University of Maryland, College Park; MD USA
| | - Serajus Salaheen
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences; University of Maryland, College Park; MD USA
| | | | - Bezait Tesfaye
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences; University of Maryland, College Park; MD USA
| | - Robert Buchanan
- Center for Food Safety and Security Systems, University of Maryland, College Park; MD USA
| | - Debabrata Biswas
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences; University of Maryland, College Park; MD USA
- Center for Food Safety and Security Systems, University of Maryland, College Park; MD USA
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12
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Zhou X, Zhang L, Shi C, Fratamico PM, Liu B, Paoli GC, Dan X, Zhuang X, Cui Y, Wang D, Shi X. Genome-Scale Screening and Validation of Targets for Identification of Salmonella enterica and Serovar Prediction. J Food Prot 2016; 79:376-83. [PMID: 26939647 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-15-286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Salmonella enterica is the most common foodborne pathogen worldwide, with 2,500 recognized serovars. Detection of S. enterica and its classification into serovars are essential for food safety surveillance and clinical diagnosis. The PCR method is useful for these applications because of its rapidity and high accuracy. We obtained 412 candidate detection targets for S. enterica using a comparative genomics mining approach. Gene ontology (GO) functional enrichment analysis of these candidate targets revealed that the GO term with the largest number of unigenes with known function (38 of 177, 21.5%) was significantly involved in pathogenesis (P < 10(-24)). All the candidate targets were then evaluated by PCR assays. Fifteen targets showed high specificity for the detection of S. enterica by verification with 151 S. enterica strains and 34 non-Salmonella strains. The phylogenetic trees of verified targets were highly comparable with those of housekeeping genes, especially for differentiating S. enterica strains into serovars. The serovar prediction ability was validated by sequencing one target (S9) for 39 S. enterica strains belonging to six serovars. Identical mutation sites existed in the same serovar, and different mutation sites were found in diverse serovars. Our findings revealed that 15 verified targets can be potentially used for molecular detection, and some of them can be used for serotyping of S. enterica strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiujuan Zhou
- Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology and U.S. Department of Agriculture Joint Research Center for Food Safety, School of Agriculture and Biology, and State Key Lab of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Lida Zhang
- Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology and U.S. Department of Agriculture Joint Research Center for Food Safety, School of Agriculture and Biology, and State Key Lab of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunlei Shi
- Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology and U.S. Department of Agriculture Joint Research Center for Food Safety, School of Agriculture and Biology, and State Key Lab of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Pina M Fratamico
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 19038, USA
| | - Bin Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Shaanxi Yangling, People's Republic of China
| | - George C Paoli
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 19038, USA
| | - Xianlong Dan
- Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology and U.S. Department of Agriculture Joint Research Center for Food Safety, School of Agriculture and Biology, and State Key Lab of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofei Zhuang
- Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology and U.S. Department of Agriculture Joint Research Center for Food Safety, School of Agriculture and Biology, and State Key Lab of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Cui
- Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology and U.S. Department of Agriculture Joint Research Center for Food Safety, School of Agriculture and Biology, and State Key Lab of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Dapeng Wang
- Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology and U.S. Department of Agriculture Joint Research Center for Food Safety, School of Agriculture and Biology, and State Key Lab of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianming Shi
- Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology and U.S. Department of Agriculture Joint Research Center for Food Safety, School of Agriculture and Biology, and State Key Lab of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China.
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13
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Gokduman K, Avsaroglu MD, Cakiris A, Ustek D, Gurakan GC. Recombinant plasmid-based quantitative Real-Time PCR analysis of Salmonella enterica serotypes and its application to milk samples. J Microbiol Methods 2016; 122:50-8. [PMID: 26820062 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2016.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Revised: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the current study was to develop, a new, rapid, sensitive and quantitative Salmonella detection method using a Real-Time PCR technique based on an inexpensive, easy to produce, convenient and standardized recombinant plasmid positive control. To achieve this, two recombinant plasmids were constructed as reference molecules by cloning the two most commonly used Salmonella-specific target gene regions, invA and ttrRSBC. The more rapid detection enabled by the developed method (21 h) compared to the traditional culture method (90 h) allows the quantitative evaluation of Salmonella (quantification limits of 10(1)CFU/ml and 10(0)CFU/ml for the invA target and the ttrRSBC target, respectively), as illustrated using milk samples. Three advantages illustrated by the current study demonstrate the potential of the newly developed method to be used in routine analyses in the medical, veterinary, food and water/environmental sectors: I--The method provides fast analyses including the simultaneous detection and determination of correct pathogen counts; II--The method is applicable to challenging samples, such as milk; III--The method's positive controls (recombinant plasmids) are reproducible in large quantities without the need to construct new calibration curves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurtulus Gokduman
- Department of Biotechnology, Middle East Technical University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey.
| | - M Dilek Avsaroglu
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Ahi Evran University, 40100 Kirsehir, Turkey
| | - Aris Cakiris
- Institute of Experimental Medical Research, Istanbul University, 34393 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Duran Ustek
- Institute of Experimental Medical Research, Istanbul University, 34393 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - G Candan Gurakan
- Department of Biotechnology, Middle East Technical University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey; Department of Food Engineering, Middle East Technical University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
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14
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Lung O, Ohene-Adjei S, Buchanan C, Joseph T, King R, Erickson A, Detmer S, Ambagala A. Multiplex PCR and Microarray for Detection of Swine Respiratory Pathogens. Transbound Emerg Dis 2015; 64:834-848. [PMID: 26662640 PMCID: PMC7169873 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Porcine respiratory disease complex (PRDC) is one of the most important health concerns for pig producers and can involve multiple viral and bacterial pathogens. No simple, single‐reaction diagnostic test currently exists for the simultaneous detection of major pathogens commonly associated with PRDC. Furthermore, the detection of most of the bacterial pathogens implicated in PRDC currently requires time‐consuming culture‐based methods that can take several days to obtain results. In this study, a novel prototype automated microarray that integrates and automates all steps of post‐PCR microarray processing for the simultaneous detection and typing of eight bacteria and viruses commonly associated with PRDC is described along with associated multiplex reverse transcriptase PCR. The user‐friendly assay detected and differentiated between four viruses [porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), influenza A virus, porcine circovirus type 2, porcine respiratory corona virus], four bacteria (Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, Pasteurella multocida, Salmonella enterica serovar Choleraesuis, Streptococcus suis), and further differentiated between type 1 and type 2 PRRSV as well as toxigenic and non‐toxigenic P. multocida. The assay accurately identified and typed a panel of 34 strains representing the eight targeted pathogens and was negative when tested with 34 relevant and/or closely related non‐target bacterial and viral species. All targets were also identified singly or in combination in a panel of clinical lung samples and/or experimentally inoculated biological material.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Lung
- Lethbridge Laboratory, National Centres for Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - S Ohene-Adjei
- Lethbridge Laboratory, National Centres for Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - C Buchanan
- Lethbridge Laboratory, National Centres for Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - T Joseph
- Animal Health Centre, BC Ministry of Agriculture, Abbotsford, BC, Canada
| | - R King
- Animal Health and Assurance Division, Alberta Agriculture and Rural Development, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - A Erickson
- Lethbridge Laboratory, National Centres for Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - S Detmer
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - A Ambagala
- Lethbridge Laboratory, National Centres for Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
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15
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Eng SK, Pusparajah P, Ab Mutalib NS, Ser HL, Chan KG, Lee LH. Salmonella: A review on pathogenesis, epidemiology and antibiotic resistance. FRONTIERS IN LIFE SCIENCE 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/21553769.2015.1051243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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16
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Salazar JK, Wang Y, Yu S, Wang H, Zhang W. Polymerase chain reaction-based serotyping of pathogenic bacteria in food. J Microbiol Methods 2015; 110:18-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2015.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Revised: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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17
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Yang X, Li H, Wu Q, Zhang J, Chen L. Comparison of Direct Culture, Immunomagnetic Separation/culture, and Multiplex PCR Methods for Detection of Salmonella in Food. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH 2015. [DOI: 10.3136/fstr.21.671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Yang
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology
| | - Haigang Li
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology
| | - Qingping Wu
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology
| | - Jumei Zhang
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology
| | - Ling Chen
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology
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18
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Lin HY, Huang CH, Hsieh WH, Liu LH, Lin YC, Chu CC, Wang ST, Kuo IT, Chau LK, Yang CY. On-line SERS detection of single bacterium using novel SERS nanoprobes and a microfluidic dielectrophoresis device. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2014; 10:4700-10. [PMID: 25115777 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201401526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Revised: 07/12/2014] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The integration of novel surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) nanoprobes and a microfluidic dielectrophoresis (DEP) device is developed for rapid on-line SERS detection of Salmonella enterica serotype Choleraesuis and Neisseria lactamica. The SERS nanoprobes are prepared by immobilization of specific antibody onto the surface of nanoaggregate-embedded beads (NAEBs), which are silica-coated, dye-induced aggregates of a small number of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). Each NAEB gives highly enhanced Raman signals owing to the presence of well-defined plasmonic hot spots at junctions between AuNPs. Herein, the on-line SERS detection and accurate identification of suspended bacteria with a detection capability down to a single bacterium has been realized by the NAEB-DEP-Raman spectroscopy biosensing strategy. The practical detection limit with a measurement time of 10 min is estimated to be 70 CFU mL(-1) . In comparison with whole-cell enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), the SERS-nanoprobe-based biosensing method provides advantages of higher sensitivity and requiring lower amount of antibody in the assay (100-fold less). The total assay time including sample pretreatment is less than 2 h. Hence, this sensing strategy is promising for faster and effective on-line multiplex detection of single pathogenic bacterium by using different bioconjugated SERS nanoprobes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsing-Ying Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Center for Nano Bio-Detection (AIM-HI), National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi, 62102, Taiwan
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19
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Zhai L, Yu Q, Bie X, Lu Z, Lv F, Zhang C, Kong X, Zhao H. Development of a PCR test system for specific detection of Salmonella Paratyphi B in foods. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2014; 355:83-9. [PMID: 24725227 DOI: 10.1111/1574-6968.12443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Revised: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enterica serotype Paratyphi B is a globally distributed human-specific pathogen causing paratyphoid fever. The aim of this study was to develop a rapid and reliable polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay for its detection in food. The SPAB_01124 gene was found to be unique to S. Paratyphi B using comparative genomics. Primers for fragments of the SPAB_01124 gene and the Salmonella-specific invA gene were used in combination to establish a multiplex PCR assay that showed 100% specificity across 45 Salmonella strains (representing 34 serotypes) and 18 non-Salmonella strains. The detection limit was 2.2 CFU mL(-1) of S. Paratyphi B after 12-h enrichment in pure culture. It was shown that co-culture with S. Typhimurium or Escherichia coli up to concentrations of 3.6 × 10(5) CFU and 3.3 × 10(4) CFU, respectively, did not interfere with PCR detection of S. Paratyphi B. In artificially contaminated milk, the assay could detect as few as 62 CFU mL(-1) after 8 h of enrichment. In conclusion, comparative genomics was found to be an efficient approach to the mining of pathogen-specific target genes, and the PCR assay that was developed from this provided a rapid, specific, and sensitive method for detection of S. Paratyphi B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ligong Zhai
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Food Processing and Quality Control, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Nanjing, China
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20
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Zhai L, Kong X, Lu Z, Lv F, Zhang C, Bie X. Detection of Salmonella enterica serovar Dublin by polymerase chain reaction in multiplex format. J Microbiol Methods 2014; 100:52-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2014.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2013] [Revised: 02/25/2014] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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21
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The evaluation of a PCR-based method for identification of Salmonella enterica serotypes from environmental samples and various food matrices. Food Microbiol 2012; 31:199-209. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2012.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2011] [Revised: 02/14/2012] [Accepted: 03/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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22
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Persson S, Jacobsen T, Olsen JE, Olsen KEP, Hansen F. A new real-time PCR method for the identification of Salmonella Dublin. J Appl Microbiol 2012; 113:615-21. [PMID: 22747740 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2012.05378.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2012] [Revised: 06/13/2012] [Accepted: 06/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Development of a real-time PCR method for the specific detection of Salmonella Dublin. METHODS AND RESULTS The method was directed towards a Salm. Dublin-specific sequence of the vagC gene on the Salmonella virulence plasmid (pSDV) and towards Salmonella genus-specific sequence of the invA gene, serving as an internal amplification control. The method showed 100% inclusivity and exclusivity when tested on a strain collection containing 50 serotyped S . Dublin strains, 20 strains of other Salmonella serotypes and 10 non- Salmonella strains. The method also showed 100% inclusivity and 99% exclusivity in a collaborative study comprising eight laboratories, where each laboratory received ten different S . Dublin strains and 10 other Salmonella serotypes. CONCLUSIONS The method showed excellent performance both when validated in the laboratory and in the collaborative study. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Application of the present method in food control, for example at slaughterhouses, can improve the contamination control of this veterinary and clinically important Salmonella serotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Persson
- Department of Microbiological Diagnostics, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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23
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Affiliation(s)
- John J. Maurer
- Department of Population Health, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
- Center for Food Safety, The University of Georgia, Griffin, Georgia 30223;
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24
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Tennant SM, Zhang Y, Galen JE, Geddes CD, Levine MM. Ultra-fast and sensitive detection of non-typhoidal Salmonella using microwave-accelerated metal-enhanced fluorescence ("MAMEF"). PLoS One 2011; 6:e18700. [PMID: 21494634 PMCID: PMC3073000 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0018700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2011] [Accepted: 03/08/2011] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Certain serovars of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica cause invasive disease (e.g., enteric fever, bacteremia, septicemia, meningitis, etc.) in humans and constitute a global public health problem. A rapid, sensitive diagnostic test is needed to allow prompt initiation of therapy in individual patients and for measuring disease burden at the population level. An innovative and promising new rapid diagnostic technique is microwave-accelerated metal-enhanced fluorescence (MAMEF). We have adapted this assay platform to detect the chromosomal oriC locus common to all Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovars. We have shown efficient lysis of biologically relevant concentrations of Salmonella spp. suspended in bacteriological media using microwave-induced lysis. Following lysis and DNA release, as little as 1 CFU of Salmonella in 1 ml of medium can be detected in <30 seconds. Furthermore the assay is sensitive and specific: it can detect oriC from Salmonella serovars Typhi, Paratyphi A, Paratyphi B, Paratyphi C, Typhimurium, Enteritidis and Choleraesuis but does not detect Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae or Acinetobacter baumanii. We have also performed preliminary experiments using a synthetic Salmonella oriC oligonucleotide suspended in whole human blood and observed rapid detection when the sample was diluted 1∶1 with PBS. These pre-clinical data encourage progress to the next step to detect Salmonella in blood (and other ordinarily sterile, clinically relevant body fluids).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon M Tennant
- Center for Vaccine Development, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America.
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25
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Rajtak U, Leonard N, Bolton D, Fanning S. A real-time multiplex SYBR Green I polymerase chain reaction assay for rapid screening of salmonella serotypes prevalent in the European Union. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2011; 8:769-80. [PMID: 21381925 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2010.0768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A two-step real-time SYBR Green I multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay with melting curve analysis was developed for rapid detection of 19 Salmonella serotypes frequently encountered in humans, animals, and animal-associated meat products within the European Union. The first-step single-tube reaction (Multiplex PCR I), consisting of five primer pairs, classified an initial test panel of eight Salmonella serotypes into five groups on the basis of characteristic amplicon melting temperatures produced by each strain. Following designation into groups, two subsequent triplex reactions (Multiplex PCR II-G1 and II-G3) allowed for further identification of five Salmonella serotypes by their melting peak temperatures. Primers for serotype differentiation were designed to target the genes encoding either phase 1 and 2 flagellar antigens fliC and fljB or unique serotype-specific loci. In addition, the assay simultaneously screened for the presence of the ampicilin-amoxicillin, chloramphenicol-florfenicol, streptomycin-spectinomycin, sulfanomides, and tetracycline (ACSSuT)-type multidrug resistance pattern, indicated by the floR gene, and for the Salmonella virulence plasmid encoded by the svp operon in Salmonella serotype Typhimurium. The established multiplex assays were successfully tested on 97 isolates, comprising 37 distinct Salmonella serotypes and 12 non-Salmonella strains. The two-step assay correctly detected 19 of 37 Salmonella serotypes and all non-Salmonella strains produced negative results. Of the 19 serotypes detected in the assays, 7 serotypes, including Salmonella serotypes Ohio, Goldcoast, Livingstone, Kedougou, Enteritidis, Kentucky, ACSSuT-type Salmonella serotype Typhimurium DT104 and DT104b, as well as non-ACSSuT-type Salmonella serotype Typhimurium strains, were definitively identified. The developed multiplex real-time SYBR Green I PCR assay represents a more rapid and reliable method for identification of large numbers of Salmonella serotypes prevalent throughout the European Union than assays using phenotypic serotyping methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ursula Rajtak
- School of Agriculture, Food Science, and Veterinary Medicine, UCD Veterinary Sciences Centre, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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26
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Akiba M, Kusumoto M, Iwata T. Rapid identification of Salmonella enterica serovars, Typhimurium, Choleraesuis, Infantis, Hadar, Enteritidis, Dublin and Gallinarum, by multiplex PCR. J Microbiol Methods 2011; 85:9-15. [PMID: 21329737 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2011.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2010] [Revised: 01/28/2011] [Accepted: 02/04/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica poses a threat to both human and animal health, with more than 2500 serovars having been reported to date. Salmonella serovars are identified by slide and tube agglutination tests using O and H antigen-specific anti-sera, although this procedure is both labor intensive and time consuming. Establishment of a method for rapid screening of the major Salmonella serovars is therefore required. We have established multiplex polymerase chain reaction (m-PCR) assays for identification of seven serovars of Salmonella, i.e., Typhimurium, Choleraesuis, Infantis, Hadar, Enteritidis, Dublin and Gallinarum. Three serovar-specific genomic regions (SSGRs) of each serovar were selected using an approach in comparative genomics. The Salmonella-specific invA gene was used to confirm the genetic background of the organisms. The isolates tested were identified as a target serovar when the three selected SSGRs and invA were all positive for amplification. The specificity of each m-PCR assay was investigated using 118 serovars of Salmonella and 12 species of non-Salmonella strains. Although a small number of false-positive results were observed in the m-PCR assays used to identify Typhimurium, Choleraesuis, Enteritidis and Dublin for closely related serovars, false-negative results were not observed in any assays. These assays had sufficient specificity to identify the seven Salmonella serovars, and therefore, have the potential for use as rapid screening methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Akiba
- Safety Research Team, National Institute of Animal Health, 3-1-5 Kannondai, Tsukuba 305-0856, Japan.
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Liu B, Zhang L, Zhu X, Shi C, Chen J, Liu W, He X, Shi X. PCR identification of Salmonella serogroups based on specific targets obtained by comparative genomics. Int J Food Microbiol 2011; 144:511-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2010.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2010] [Revised: 11/01/2010] [Accepted: 11/07/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Temelli S, Eyigor A, Carli KT. SalmonellaSerogroup Detection in Poultry Meat Samples by Examining Multiple Colonies from Selective Plates of Two Standard Culture Methods. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2010; 7:1229-34. [DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2010.0570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Seran Temelli
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Aysegul Eyigor
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Kamil Tayfun Carli
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
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29
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Affiliation(s)
- M Begley
- Food for Health Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Colin Hill
- Food for Health Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; ,
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McCarthy N, Reen FJ, Buckley JF, Frye JG, Boyd EF, Gilroy D. Sensitive and rapid molecular detection assays for Salmonella enterica serovars Typhimurium and Heidelberg. J Food Prot 2009; 72:2350-7. [PMID: 19903399 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x-72.11.2350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Salmonella enterica is a significant cause of gastroenteritis worldwide, with serovars Typhimurium and Heidelberg being particularly prevalent, which have broad host ranges infecting poultry, dairy animals, and humans. Traditional methods used for the detection of Salmonella from contaminated food products are time-consuming and labor-intensive. The aim of this study was to develop a sensitive and rapid PCR-based detection method with optimized specificity for high-throughput screening of food and clinical samples. We used bioinformatics to identify potential serovar-specific regions from the available S. enterica sequenced genomes. We designed primer pairs to targeted regions unique to Typhimurium and Heidelberg. A primer pair targeting a putative cytoplasmic protein STM4492 amplified a 759-bp product specific to Typhimurium, and a primer pair targeting a putative inner membrane protein STM2745 amplified a 199-bp product from both Typhimurium and Heidelberg. A primer pair for the oriC locus was used to identify all Salmonella. We screened 217 isolates including the Salmonella reference collections A and B, validating the specificity of each primer set. Next, a multiplex PCR (mPCR) assay and quantitative real-time PCR assay were optimized for identification and differentiation of Typhimurium and Heidelberg. An mPCR assay was developed and successfully detected S. enterica isolates from inoculated Cheddar cheese, raw turkey, and cooked turkey at concentrations as low as 1 CFU/g of food. The reaction conditions for this mPCR have significantly reduced the time needed to identify S. enterica Typhimurium and Heidelberg, making this a rapid selective tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noelle McCarthy
- Department of Microbiology, University College, Cork, National University of Ireland, Cork, Ireland
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