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Survey of WU and KI polyomaviruses, coronaviruses, respiratory syncytial virus and parechovirus in children under 5 years of age in Tehran, Iran. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY 2020; 12:164-169. [PMID: 32494351 PMCID: PMC7244825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Severe acute respiratory infections (SARI) remain an important cause for childhood morbidity worldwide. We designed a research with the objective of finding the frequency of respiratory viruses, particularly WU and KI polyomaviruses (WUPyV & KIPyV), human coronaviruses (HCoVs), human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) and human parechovirus (HPeV) in hospitalized children who were influenza negative. MATERIALS AND METHODS Throat swabs were collected from children younger than 5 years who have been hospitalized for SARI and screened for WUPyV, KIPyV, HCoVs, HRSV and HPeV using Real time PCR. RESULTS A viral pathogen was identified in 23 (11.16%) of 206 hospitalized children with SARI. The rate of virus detection was considerably greater in infants <12 months (78.2%) than in older children (21.8%). The most frequently detected viruses were HCoVs with 7.76% of positive cases followed by KIPyV (2%) and WUPyV (1.5%). No HPeV and HRSV were detected in this study. CONCLUSION This research shown respiratory viruses as causes of childhood acute respiratory infections, while as most of mentioned viruses usually causes mild respiratory diseases, their frequency might be higher in outpatient children. Meanwhile as HRSV is really sensitive to inactivation due to environmental situations and its genome maybe degraded, then for future studies, we need to use fresh samples for HRSV detection. These findings addressed a need for more studies on viral respiratory tract infections to help public health.
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Hansen-Estruch C, Coleman KK, Thoon KC, Low JG, Anderson BD, Gray GC. Prevalence of Respiratory Polyomaviruses Among Pediatric Patients With Respiratory Symptoms in Singapore. Front Pediatr 2018; 6:228. [PMID: 30175090 PMCID: PMC6107759 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2018.00228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Although WU polyomavirus (WU) and KI polyomavirus (KI) have been demonstrated to infect the human respiratory tract, it remains unclear if WU or KI cause human disease. We sought to further investigate the relationship between WU and KI infection and respiratory disease in a pediatric population with respiratory symptoms in Singapore. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study of pediatric patients with respiratory symptoms in a Singaporean pediatrics hospital. Upon consent, residual respiratory samples from pediatric inpatients, previously screened for common respiratory viruses, were collected and further screened for WU and KI using qPCR. The amplicons of positive samples were sequenced for confirmation. The severity of a patient's illness was assessed by chart review post-discharge looking for clinical markers of respiratory status such as presenting symptoms, diagnoses, and interventions. Results: From December 2016 to April 2017, 201 patients with residual respiratory samples were enrolled in the study. The average age of all participants recruited was 45 months. WU and KI were detected in 13% (26/201) and 3% (6/201) of patients, respectively. Conducting bivariate and multivariate modeling, patients with WU or KI positivity were not at increased risk of SARI, need for additional oxygen, intravenous fluids, and did not receive additional oral antibiotics or bronchodilators during admission. In contrast, patients with RSV detections were at increased risk of requiring supplemental oxygen during hospital admission. Conclusion: While limited in sample size, our pilot study data do not support the hypothesis that molecular evidence of WU or KI was associated with increased morbidity among a sample of general, pediatric patients with respiratory illness in Singapore.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Hansen-Estruch
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.,Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Kristen K Coleman
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Koh C Thoon
- Department of Paediatrics, Infectious Disease Service, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jenny G Low
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Benjamin D Anderson
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Global Health Institute and Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Gregory C Gray
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Global Health Institute and Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
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3
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Ma FL, Li DD, Wei TL, Li JS, Zheng LS. Quantitative detection of human Malawi polyomavirus in nasopharyngeal aspirates, sera, and feces in Beijing, China, using real-time TaqMan-based PCR. Virol J 2017; 14:152. [PMID: 28806976 PMCID: PMC5557062 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-017-0817-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Human Malawi polyomavirus (MWPyV) was discovered in 2012, but its prevalence and clinical characteristics are largely unknown. Methods We used real-time TaqMan-based PCR to detect MWPyV in the feces (n = 174) of children with diarrhea, nasopharyngeal aspirates (n = 887) from children with respiratory infections, and sera (n = 200) from healthy adults, and analyzed its clinical characteristics statistically. All the MWPyV-positive specimens were also screened for other common respiratory viruses. Results Sixteen specimens were positive for MWPyV, including 13 (1.47%) respiratory samples and three (1.7%) fecal samples. The samples were all co-infected with other respiratory viruses, most commonly with influenza viruses (69.2%) and human coronaviruses (30.7%). The MWPyV-positive children were diagnosed with bronchopneumonia or viral diarrhea. They ranged in age from 12 days to 9 years, and the most frequent symptoms were cough and fever. Conclusions Real-time PCR is an effective tool for the detection of MWPyV in different types of samples. MWPyV infection mainly occurs in young children, and fecal–oral transmission is a possible route of its transmission. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12985-017-0817-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fen-Lian Ma
- Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, Ministry of Health, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, 100 Ying-Xin St., Xi-Cheng District, Beijing, 100052, China
| | - Dan-di Li
- Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, Ministry of Health, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, 100 Ying-Xin St., Xi-Cheng District, Beijing, 100052, China
| | - Tian-Li Wei
- Department of Pediatrics, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100052, China
| | - Jin-Song Li
- Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, Ministry of Health, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, 100 Ying-Xin St., Xi-Cheng District, Beijing, 100052, China
| | - Li-Shu Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, Ministry of Health, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, 100 Ying-Xin St., Xi-Cheng District, Beijing, 100052, China.
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Lin SX, Wang W, Guo W, Yang HJ, Ma BC, Fang YL, Xu YS. [A molecular epidemiological study of KI polyomavirus and WU polyomavirus in children with acute respiratory infection in Tianjin, China]. ZHONGGUO DANG DAI ER KE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY PEDIATRICS 2017; 19. [PMID: 28697828 PMCID: PMC7389920 DOI: 10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2017.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship of KI polyomavirus (KIPyV) and WU polyomavirus (WUPyV) with acute respiratory infection in children in Tianjin, China. METHODS A total of 3 730 nasopharyngeal secretions were collected from hospitalized children with acute respiratory infection in Tianjin Children's Hospital from January 2011 to December 2013. Viral nucleic acid was extracted, and virus infection (KIPyV and WUPyV) was determined by PCR. Some KIPyV-positive and WUPyV-positive PCR products were subjected to sequencing. Sequencing results were aligned with the known gene sequences of KIPyV and WUPyV to construct a phylogenetic tree. Amplified VP1 fragments of KIPyV were inserted into the cloning vector (PUCm-T) transformed into E. coli competent cells. Positive clones were identified by PCR and sequencing. The nucleotide sequences were submitted to GenBank. In addition, another seven common respiratory viruses in all samples were detected by direct immunofluorescence assay. RESULTS In the 3 730 specimens, the KIPyV-positive rate was 12.14% (453/3 730) and the WUPyV-positive rate was 1.69% (63/3 730). The mean infection rate of KIPyV was significantly higher in June and July, while the mean infection rate of WUPyV peaked in February and March. Most of the KIPyV-positive or WUPyV-positive children were <3 years. The co-infections with KIPyV, WUPyV, and other respiratory viruses were observed in the children. The co-infection rate was 2.31% (86/3 730) and there were nine cases of co-infections with WUPyV and KIPyV. Thirty-five KIPyV-positive and twelve WUPyV-positive PCR products were sequenced and the alignment analysis showed that they had high homology with the known sequences (94%-100% vs 95%-100%). The VP1 gene sequences obtained from two KIPyV strains in this study were recorded in GenBank with the accession numbers of KY465925 and KY465926. CONCLUSIONS For some children with acute respiratory infection in Tianjin, China, the acute respiratory infection may be associated with KIPyV and WUPyV infections. KIPyV infection is common in summer, and WUPyV infection in spring. The epidemic strains in Tianjin have a high homology with those in other regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Xiang Lin
- Pediatric Research Institute, Tianjin Children's Hospital, Tianjin 300134, China.
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Zhu T, Lu QB, Zhang SY, Wo Y, Zhuang L, Zhang PH, Zhang XA, Wei W, Liu W. Molecular epidemiology of WU polyomavirus in hospitalized children with acute respiratory tract infection in China. Future Microbiol 2017; 12:481-489. [PMID: 28481120 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2016-0144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To explore the molecular epidemiology and clinical characteristics of Washington University polyomavirus (WUPyV) infection in pediatric patients with acute respiratory tract infections in China. MATERIALS & METHODS A laboratory surveillance was performed to recruit pediatric patients with acute respiratory tract infections. WUPyV was detected using real-time PCR and complete genome was sequenced for randomly selected positive nasopharyngeal aspirate. RESULTS Altogether 122 (7.5%) of 1617 children found to be infected with WUPyV and 88 (72.1%) were coinfected with other viruses during 2012-2015. The phylogenetic analysis showed that 14 strains from our study formed two new clusters (Id and IIIc) within the Branch I and Branch III, respectively. CONCLUSION WUPyV is persistently circulating in China. Surveillance on WUPyV infection in wider areas and long persistence is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Zhu
- Graduate School of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, PR China.,State Key Laboratory of Pathogen & Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology & Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, PR China
| | - Qing-Bin Lu
- Department of Laboratorial Science and Technology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research & Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Shu-Yan Zhang
- Department of Developmental Biology, Affiliated Bayi Children's Hospital, PLA Army General Hospital, Beijing 100700, PR China
| | - Ying Wo
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen & Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology & Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, PR China
| | - Lu Zhuang
- Department of Developmental Biology, Affiliated Bayi Children's Hospital, PLA Army General Hospital, Beijing 100700, PR China
| | - Pan-He Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen & Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology & Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, PR China
| | - Xiao-Ai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen & Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology & Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, PR China
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Epidemiology, Tong Zhou Institute of Infectious Disease & Epidemiology, Beijing 101113, PR China
| | - Wei Liu
- Graduate School of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, PR China.,State Key Laboratory of Pathogen & Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology & Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, PR China
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Essa SS, Chehadeh W, Al-Nakib W. Human Washington University Polyomavirus in Patients with Respiratory Tract Infection in Kuwait. Med Princ Pract 2017; 26:542-546. [PMID: 29131066 PMCID: PMC5848483 DOI: 10.1159/000485036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine Washington University (WU) polyomavirus strains circulating among hospitalized patients with respiratory tract infections (RTI) in Kuwait. MATERIALS AND METHODS Samples from 459 hospitalized children and adult RTI patients were screened for respiratory viruses by polymerase chain reaction from April 2013 to April 2016. The VP2 gene from WU virus (WUV)-positive samples was sequenced and subjected to phylogenetic analysis. RESULTS Of the 459 hospitalized RTI patients, 18 (3.9%) patients were positive for WUV infection. WUV infection was common among children aged ≤11 years (9 patients, 50%). Among the 18 WUV-infected hospitalized patients, viral co-infection was detected in 9 patients (50%). The most common viruses associated with mixed infection were respiratory syncytial virus and human rhinovirus (2 patients, 11.1% each). Of the 18 WUV-infected patients, 4 were sequenced and subjected to phylogenetic analysis. The circulating strains belong to type Ia and IIIb. CONCLUSION This study enabled us to detect WUV among hospitalized RTI patients. Co-infection with other respiratory viruses was notable. Two circulating WUV genotypes (Ia and IIIb) were identified among hospitalized RTI patients in Kuwait.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Sultan Essa
- *Sahar Sultan Essa, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, PO Box 24923, Safat 13110 (Kuwait), E-Mail
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Dehority WN, Eickman MM, Schwalm KC, Gross SM, Schroth GP, Young SA, Dinwiddie DL. Complete genome sequence of a KI polyomavirus isolated from an otherwise healthy child with severe lower respiratory tract infection. J Med Virol 2016; 89:926-930. [PMID: 27704585 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.24706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Unbiased, deep sequencing of a nasal specimen from an otherwise healthy 13-month-old boy hospitalized in intensive care revealed high gene expression and the complete genome of a novel isolate of KI polyomavirus (KIPyV). Further investigation detected minimal gene expression of additional viruses, suggesting that KIPyV was potentially the causal agent. Analysis of the complete genome of isolate NMKI001 revealed it is different from all previously reported genomes and contains two amino acid differences as compared to the closest virus isolate, Stockholm 380 (EF127908). J. Med. Virol. 89:926-930, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter N Dehority
- Department of Pediatrics, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Megan M Eickman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Kurt C Schwalm
- Department of Pediatrics, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | | | | | | | - Darrell L Dinwiddie
- Department of Pediatrics, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico.,Clinical Translational Science Center, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
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Gozalo-Margüello M, Agüero-Balbín J, Martínez-Martínez L. WU and KI polyomavirus prevalence in invasive respiratory samples from transplant recipients in Cantabria, Spain. Transplant Proc 2015; 47:67-9. [PMID: 25645772 PMCID: PMC7173059 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2014.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Background WU and KI polyomaviruses were discovered in 2007 in samples of respiratory secretions of children with acute respiratory symptoms. Seroepidemiologic studies have shown that these viruses are widely distributed throughout the world, but their incidence in Spain has not been determined. In transplant patients, early detection and treatment of viral infections may influence prognosis and survival, because they are associated with increased morbidity and mortality, including graft failure. Methods We aimed to determine the prevalence and clinical characteristics of WU and KI polyomaviruses among patients undergoing hematologic or solid organ transplant in the Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla (Santander, Spain). An in-house polymerase chain reaction with the use of specific primers was carried out in invasive lower respiratory samples from hospitalized patients with suspected respiratory infection and/or graft dysfunction and compared with asymptomatic transplant patients. Results Overall, we obtained 5.5% KI-positive samples and 1.4% WU-positive samples, with a higher prevalence of WU and KI polyomaviruses in the symptomatic population compared with the control group. Although the data suggest that their detection in respiratory samples is sporadic and often associated with other microorganisms, we should pay special attention to their association with cases of graft failure. Studies are needed with a larger number of samples to explore the potential clinical impact of these emerging polyomaviruses in transplant recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Gozalo-Margüello
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla-IDIVAL, Santander, Spain.
| | - J Agüero-Balbín
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla-IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
| | - L Martínez-Martínez
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla-IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
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Babakir-Mina M, Ciccozzi M, Perno CF, Ciotti M. The human polyomaviruses KI and WU: virological background and clinical implications. APMIS 2013; 121:746-54. [PMID: 23782405 DOI: 10.1111/apm.12091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2012] [Accepted: 01/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
In 2007, two novel polyomaviruses KI and WU were uncovered in the respiratory secretions of children with acute respiratory symptoms. Seroepidemiological studies showed that infection by these viruses is widespread in the human population. Following these findings, different biological specimens and body compartments have been screened by real-time PCR in the attempt to establish a pathogenetic role for KI polyomavirus (KIPyV) and WU polyomavirus (WUPyV) in human diseases. Although both viruses have been found mainly in respiratory tract samples of immunocompromised patients, a clear causative link with the respiratory disease has not been established. Indeed, the lack of specific clinical or radiological findings, the frequent co-detection with other respiratory pathogens, the detection in subjects without signs or symptoms of respiratory disease, and the variability of the viral loads measured did not allow drawing a definitive conclusion. Prospective studies carried out on a large sample size including both immunocompromised and immunocompetent patients with and without respiratory symptoms are needed. Standardized quantitative real-time PCR methods, definition of a clear clinical cutoff value, timing in the collection of respiratory samples, are also crucial to understand the pathogenic role, if any, of KIPyV and WUPyV in human pathology.
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Abstract
Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) occurs more often in early childhood than at almost any other age. Many microorganisms are associated with pneumonia, but individual pathogens are difficult to identify, which poses problems in antibiotic management. This article reviews the common as well as new, emerging pathogens, as well as the guidelines for management of pediatric CAP. Current guidelines for pediatric CAP continue to recommend the use of high-dose amoxicillin for bacterial CAP and azithromycin for suspected atypical CAP (usually caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae) in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pui-Ying Iroh Tam
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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Kuypers J, Campbell AP, Guthrie KA, Wright NL, Englund JA, Corey L, Boeckh M. WU and KI polyomaviruses in respiratory samples from allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant recipients. Emerg Infect Dis 2013; 18:1580-8. [PMID: 23017213 PMCID: PMC3471632 DOI: 10.3201/eid1810.120477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Routine testing for these viruses in immunocompromised patients is not recommended. Data are limited regarding 2 new human polyomaviruses, KI polyomavirus (KIPyV) and WU polyomavirus (WUPyV), in immunocompromised patients. We used real-time PCR to test for these and 12 respiratory viruses in 2,732 nasal wash samples collected during the first year after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation from 222 patients. Specimens were collected weekly until day 100; then at least every 3 months. One year after hematopoietic cell transplantation, the cumulative incidence estimate was 26% for KIPyV and 8% for WUPyV. Age <20 years predicted detection of KIPyV (hazard ratio [HR] 4.6) and WUPyV (HR 4.4), and detection of a respiratory virus in the previous 2 weeks predicted KIPyV detection (HR 3.4). Sputum production and wheezing were associated with detection of KIPyV in the past week and WUPyV in the past month. There were no associations with polyomavirus detection and acute graft versus host disease, cytomegalovirus reactivation, neutropenia, lymphopenia, hospitalization, or death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Kuypers
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98102, USA.
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Discovery of a novel polyomavirus in acute diarrheal samples from children. PLoS One 2012; 7:e49449. [PMID: 23166671 PMCID: PMC3498111 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0049449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2012] [Accepted: 10/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyomaviruses are small circular DNA viruses associated with chronic infections and tumors in both human and animal hosts. Using an unbiased deep sequencing approach, we identified a novel, highly divergent polyomavirus, provisionally named MX polyomavirus (MXPyV), in stool samples from children. The ∼5.0 kB viral genome exhibits little overall homology (<46% amino acid identity) to known polyomaviruses, and, due to phylogenetic variation among its individual proteins, cannot be placed in any existing taxonomic group. PCR-based screening detected MXPyV in 28 of 834 (3.4%) fecal samples collected from California, Mexico, and Chile, and 1 of 136 (0.74%) of respiratory samples from Mexico, but not in blood or urine samples from immunocompromised patients. By quantitative PCR, the measured titers of MXPyV in human stool at 10% (weight/volume) were as high as 15,075 copies. No association was found between the presence of MXPyV and diarrhea, although girls were more likely to shed MXPyV in the stool than boys (p=0.012). In one child, viral shedding was observed in two stools obtained 91 days apart, raising the possibility of chronic infection by MXPyV. A multiple sequence alignment revealed that MXPyV is a closely related variant of the recently reported MWPyV and HPyV10 polyomaviruses. Further studies will be important to determine the association, if any, of MXPyV with disease in humans.
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Van Ghelue M, Khan MTH, Ehlers B, Moens U. Genome analysis of the new human polyomaviruses. Rev Med Virol 2012; 22:354-77. [PMID: 22461085 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.1711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2011] [Revised: 01/31/2012] [Accepted: 02/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Polyomaviridae is a growing family of naked, double-stranded DNA viruses that infect birds and mammals. The last few years, several new members infecting birds or primates have been discovered, including seven human polyomaviruses: KI, WU, Merkel cell polyomavirus, HPyV6, HPyV7, trichodysplasia spinulosa-associated polyomavirus, and HPyV9. In addition, DNA and antibodies against the monkey lymphotropic polyomavirus have been detected in humans, indicating that this virus can also infect man. However, little is known about the route of infection, transmission, cell tropism, and, with the exception of Merkel cell polyomavirus and trichodysplasia spinulosa-associated polyomavirus, the pathogenicity of these viruses. This review compares the genomes of these emerging human polyomaviruses with previously known polyomaviruses detected in man, reports mutations in different isolates, and predicts structural and functional properties of their viral proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marijke Van Ghelue
- Department of Medical Genetics, University Hospital Northern-Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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Teramoto S, Kaiho M, Takano Y, Endo R, Kikuta H, Sawa H, Ariga T, Ishiguro N. Detection of KI polyomavirus and WU polyomavirus DNA by real-time polymerase chain reaction in nasopharyngeal swabs and in normal lung and lung adenocarcinoma tissues. Microbiol Immunol 2011; 55:525-30. [PMID: 21545509 PMCID: PMC7168359 DOI: 10.1111/j.1348-0421.2011.00346.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Polyomaviruses KI (KIPyV) and WU (WUPyV) were detected from 7 (3.0%) and 38 (16.4%) of 232 children with respiratory tract infections by real-time PCR. The rates of infection by KIPyV and WUPyV alone were 3 of 7 (42.9%) and 20 of 38 (52.6%), respectively. In the other samples, various viruses (human respiratory syncytial virus, human metapneumovirus, human rhinovirus, parainfluenza virus 1 and human bocavirus) were detected simultaneously. One case was positive for KIPyV, WUPyV and hMPV. There was no obvious difference in clinical symptoms between KIPyV-positive and WUPyV-positive patients with or without coinfection. KIPyV was detected in one of 30 specimens of lung tissue (3.3%). Neither of the viruses was detected in 30 samples of lung adenocarcinoma tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinobu Teramoto
- Department of Pediatrics, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
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15
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Zhuang WL, Lu XD, Lin GY, Wu Y, Lin CX, Chen PZ, Xie SX, Zhang N, Ma L. WU polyomavirus infection among children in South China. J Med Virol 2011; 83:1440-5. [PMID: 21678448 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.22123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed at investigating the prevalence and clinical characteristics of children with respiratory infection by WU polyomavirus (WUPyV) in Southern China. Nasopharyngeal aspirate samples were collected from 771 children with acute respiratory tract infection admitted to hospital and 82 samples from healthy subjects for routine examination at the outpatient service at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University, Medical College from July 2008 to June 2009. WUPyV was detected by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and DNA sequencing. All WUPyV-positive specimens were characterized further for nine viruses causing common respiratory infections, including influenza A and B, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), parainfluenza virus (PIV) 1 and 3, human metapneumovirus, human bocavirus, adenovirus, and rhinovirus by PCR or real time (RT)-PCR. Fifteen out of 771 specimens from patients with acute respiratory tract infection, but none from healthy subjects, were positive for WUPyV and the positivity rate was 2%. Patients with WUPyV infection were between 2 and 48 months of age, and nine of the patients were male while six female. Four out of 15 patients were co-infected with RSV, one with adenovirus or rhinovirus, respectively. Patients with WUPyV infection displayed predominantly cough, moderate fever, and wheezing, and were diagnosed with pneumonia (n = 8), bronchiolitis (n = 4), upper respiratory tract infections (n = 2) and bronchitis (n = 1). One patient developed encephalitis. Therefore, WUPyV infection can cause acute respiratory tract infection with atypical symptoms, including severe complications, in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Li Zhuang
- Department of Pediatrics, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
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Molecular Detection of Respiratory Viruses. Mol Microbiol 2011. [DOI: 10.1128/9781555816834.ch39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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17
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Huijskens EGW, van Erkel AJM, Peeters MF, Rossen JWA. Human polyomavirus KI and WU in adults with community acquired pneumonia in The Netherlands, 2008-2009. J Clin Virol 2011; 49:306-7. [PMID: 20889371 PMCID: PMC7129940 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2010.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2010] [Revised: 08/30/2010] [Accepted: 09/03/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Li X, Chen J, Kong M, Su X, Zou M, Zhang H, Han Y. WUPyV in children with acute respiratory tract infections, China. Emerg Infect Dis 2010; 16:735-6. [PMID: 20350409 PMCID: PMC3321975 DOI: 10.3201/eid1604.100011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Lam WY, Leung BW, Chu IMT, Chan ACL, Ng HK, Chan PKS. Survey for the presence of BK, JC, KI, WU and Merkel cell polyomaviruses in human brain tissues. J Clin Virol 2010; 48:11-4. [PMID: 20211582 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2010.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2009] [Revised: 01/22/2010] [Accepted: 01/26/2010] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently three previously unknown polyomaviruses (KI, WU and Merkel cell polyomaviruses) have been identified from human specimens. The spectrum of clinical manifestations and their tissue tropism are currently unknown. Since a member of this virus family, JC virus, is well-known for its capacity to establish latency in human brain tissue where reactivation in immunocompromised individuals can result in fatal progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, we sought to examine for the presence of all the five known human polyomaviruses in a series of human brain tissues. OBJECTIVES To investigate the possibility of neuropersistence of the newly identified human polyomaviruses. STUDY DESIGN Autopsy brain tissues were collected from 10 different brain regions of 30 individuals who died from diseases unrelated to viral infections. Nested PCR was used to assess the presence or absence of viral DNA. RESULTS Ten samples collected from five individuals were found to harbour JCV DNA. In contrast, none of the 300 brain tissues examined showed positive results for BK, KI, WU or Merkel cell polyomavirus. CONCLUSION The newly identified KI, WU and Merkel cell polyomaviruses either do not, or have a much lower neuropersistent potential compared to JCV.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Y Lam
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong Special Administration Region, People's Republic of China
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Zheng LS, Yuan XH, Xie ZP, Jin Y, Gao HC, Song JR, Zhang RF, Xu ZQ, Hou YD, Duan ZJ. Human bocavirus infection in young children with acute respiratory tract infection in Lanzhou, China. J Med Virol 2010; 82:282-8. [PMID: 20029808 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.21689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Human bocavirus (HBoV) is a recognized human parvovirus associated with acute respiratory tract infection. However, HBoV has yet to be established as a causative agent of respiratory disease. In this study, the epidemiological and virological characteristics of HBoV infection were studied in children with acute respiratory tract infection in China. In total, 406 children younger than 14 years of age with acute respiratory tract infection were included in this prospective 1-year study. HBoV was detected in 29 (7.1%) of the 406 children. No clear seasonal fluctuation was observed in infection rates of HBoV. Of the 29 children infected with HBoV, 16 (55.2%) were coinfected with other respiratory viruses, most commonly respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). Viral coinfection with HBoV did not affect the severity of the respiratory disease (P = 0.291). The number of HBoV genome copies ranged from 5.80 x 10(2) to 9.72 x 10(8) copies/ml in nasopharyngeal aspirates among HBoV-positive specimens by real-time PCR, and neither coinfection nor the severity of disease correlated with the viral load (P = 0.148, P = 0.354, respectively). The most common clinical features were cough and acute upper respiratory infection, and acute bronchopneumonia. Additionally, the NP-1 gene of HBoV showed minimal sequence variation. These data suggest that HBoV is frequent in young children with acute respiratory tract infection in Lanzhou, China, and RSV is the most common coinfecting virus. There was no apparent association between the viral load of HBoV and coinfection or disease severity. The NP-1 gene was highly conserved in HBoV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-shu Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Molecular Virology and Genetic Engineering, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing, China
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Dalianis T, Ramqvist T, Andreasson K, Kean JM, Garcea RL. KI, WU and Merkel cell polyomaviruses: A new era for human polyomavirus research. Semin Cancer Biol 2009; 19:270-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2009.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2009] [Accepted: 04/27/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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