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Quaresma LS, Santos RCV, Gomes GC, Américo MF, Campos GM, Laguna JG, Barroso FAL, Azevedo V, de Jesus LCL. Multidrug resistance profile in Lactobacillus delbrueckii: a food industry species with probiotic properties. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 40:235. [PMID: 38850338 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-024-04046-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
Lactobacillus delbrueckii, a widely used lactic acid bacterium in the food industry, has been studied for its probiotic properties and reservoir of antibiotic-resistant genes, raising safety concerns for probiotic formulations and fermented products. This review consolidates findings from 60 articles published between 2012 and 2023, focusing on the global antibiotic resistance profile and associated genetic factors in L. delbrueckii strains. Resistance to aminoglycosides, particularly streptomycin, kanamycin, and gentamicin, as well as resistance to glycopeptides (vancomycin), fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin), and tetracyclines was predominant. Notably, although resistance genes have been identified, they have not been linked to mobile genetic elements, reducing the risk of dissemination. However, a significant limitation is the insufficient exploration of responsible genes or mobile elements in 80% of studies, hindering safety assessments. Additionally, most articles originated from Asian and Middle Eastern countries, with strains often isolated from fermented dairy foods. Therefore, these findings underscore the necessity for comprehensive analyses of new strains of L. delbrueckii for potential industrial and biotherapeutic applications and in combating the rise of antibiotic-resistant pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludmila Silva Quaresma
- Department of Genetics, Ecology, and Evolution, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, Brazil
| | | | - Gabriel Camargos Gomes
- Department of Genetics, Ecology, and Evolution, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Monique Ferrary Américo
- Department of Genetics, Ecology, and Evolution, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Munis Campos
- Department of Genetics, Ecology, and Evolution, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Juliana Guimarães Laguna
- Department of Genetics, Ecology, and Evolution, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, Brazil
| | | | - Vasco Azevedo
- Department of Genetics, Ecology, and Evolution, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, Brazil.
| | - Luís Cláudio Lima de Jesus
- Department of Genetics, Ecology, and Evolution, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, Brazil.
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Suarez Arbelaez MC, Monshine J, Porto JG, Shah K, Singh PK, Roy S, Amin K, Marcovich R, Herrmann TRW, Shah HN. The emerging role of the urinary microbiome in benign noninfectious urological conditions: an up-to-date systematic review. World J Urol 2023; 41:2933-2948. [PMID: 37737900 DOI: 10.1007/s00345-023-04588-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The goal of this systematic review was to examine the current literature on the urinary microbiome and its associations with noninfectious, nonmalignant, urologic diseases. Secondarily, we aimed to describe the most common bioinformatics used to analyze the urinary microbiome. METHODS A comprehensive literature search of Ovid MEDLINE using the keywords "microbiota" AND "prostatic hyperplasia," "microbiota" AND "urinary bladder, overactive," "microbiota" AND "pelvic pain," and "microbiota" AND "urolithiasis" OR "nephrolithiasis" OR "urinary calculi" AND "calcium oxalate" was performed to identify relevant clinical microbiome studies associated with noninfectious benign urological conditions published from 2010 to 2022. We included human studies that evaluated the urinary, stone, or semen microbiota, or any combination of the above-mentioned locations. RESULTS A total of 25 human studies met the inclusion criteria: 4 on benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), 9 on overactive bladder (OAB), 8 on calcium oxalate stones, and 4 on chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CPPS). Specific taxonomic profiles in the urine microbiome were associated with each pathology, and evaluation of alpha- and beta-diversity and relative abundance was accounted for most of the studies. Symptom prevalence and severity were also analyzed and showed associations with specific microbes. CONCLUSION The study of the urogenital microbiome is rapidly expanding in urology. Noninfectious benign urogenital diseases, such as BPH, calcium oxalate stones, CPPS, and OAB were found to be associated with specific microbial taxonomies. Further research with larger study populations is necessary to solidify the knowledge of the urine microbiome in these conditions and to facilitate the creation of microbiome-based diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joshua Monshine
- Desai Sethi Urology Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Joao G Porto
- Desai Sethi Urology Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Khushi Shah
- Desai Sethi Urology Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Praveen K Singh
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Sabita Roy
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Katherine Amin
- Desai Sethi Urology Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Robert Marcovich
- Desai Sethi Urology Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | | | - Hemendra N Shah
- Desai Sethi Urology Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
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Rosales-Castillo A, Expósito-Ruiz M, Gutiérrez-Soto M, Navarro-Marí JM, Gutiérrez-Fernández J. Presence and Relevance of Emerging Microorganisms in Clinical Genitourinary Samples. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11040915. [PMID: 37110339 PMCID: PMC10146931 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11040915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Microorganisms responsible for genitourinary infections increasingly include species other than conventional etiological agents that are of clinical and pathogenic relevance and therapeutic interest. This cross-sectional descriptive study selected samples from clinical genitourinary episodes between January 2016 and December 2019 in which emerging microbiological agents were detected. The patients’ epidemiological characteristics, clinical presentation, antibiotic treatment, and outcome were studied to identify their pathogenic role. The emerging microorganisms most frequently detected in urinary tract infections were Streptococcus bovis (58.5%) and Gardnerella spp. (23.6%) in females and S. bovis (32.3%), Aerococcus urinae (18.6%), and Corynebacterium spp. (16.9%) in males, while the most frequently detected in genital infections were S. viridans (36.4%) in females and C. glucuronolyticum (32.2%) and Gardnerella spp. (35.6%) in males. All cases in female children were produced by S. bovis. Symptomatic episodes were more frequent with Aerococcus spp. and S. bovis and the presence of leukocytosis more frequent with Aerococcus spp. Quinolones and doxycycline were most often prescribed antibiotics for genital infections and quinolones and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid for urinary infections. Urinary infection by Aerococcus spp. was more frequent in males of advanced age, Corynebacterium spp. was more frequent in permanent vesical catheter carriers, and episodes of asymptomatic bacteriuria by Gardnerella spp. were more frequent in patients with kidney transplant and chronic consumers of corticosteroid therapy. Lactobacillus spp. should be considered in urinary infections of patients of advanced age and with a previous antibiotic load. Genital infection by Gardnerella spp. was significantly associated with a history of risky sexual relations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Rosales-Castillo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital and Doctoral Program of Clinical Medicine and Public Health, University of Granada, Granada Institute of Biohealth Research (Ibs.), Avda. de las Fuerzas Armadas 2, 18014 Granada, Spain
| | - Manuela Expósito-Ruiz
- Biostatistics Unit, Department of Statistics, School of Medicine, University of Granada, 18012 Granada, Spain
| | | | - José María Navarro-Marí
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital, Granada Institute of Biohealth Research (Ibs.), Avda. de las Fuerzas Armadas 2, 18014 Granada, Spain
| | - José Gutiérrez-Fernández
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital, Granada Institute of Biohealth Research (Ibs.), Avda. de las Fuerzas Armadas 2, 18014 Granada, Spain
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada Institute of Biohealth Research (Ibs.), Avenida de la Investigación 11, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Correspondence:
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Neonakis IK, Skamagkas I, Stafylaki D, Maraki S. Lactobacillus delbrueckii urinary tract infection in a male patient: a case report. Germs 2022; 12:304-307. [PMID: 36504611 PMCID: PMC9719386 DOI: 10.18683/germs.2022.1333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Lactobacilli are Gram-positive rods, commensals of the normal human flora. Generally, these lactic acid-producing bacteria are considered contaminants, however over the last years their clinical relevance is reevaluated. Lactobacillus delbrueckii is very rarely isolated and only a few cases of L. delbrueckii urinary tract infections (UTIs) have been reported, mainly in females. Case report We report the case of a L. delbrueckii UTI in an 82-year-old male suffering from benign prostate hyperplasia with repeated episodes of acute urinary retention over the last month before presenting to our hospital. The catheter urine culture grew >105 CFUs/mL of pure L. delbrueckii on Columbia CNA blood agar and on Trypticase soy agar. Identification was achieved by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS), using VITEK MS (bioMérieux, France). The patient was successfully treated with cefixime for ten days. A follow-up urine culture performed 7 days after antibiotic discontinuation was sterile. Conclusions To our knowledge the present is the second case of L. delbrueckii urinary tract infection in a male patient. Further cases are required to confirm the clinical significance of these unusual pathogens and their involvement in human urinary tract infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis K. Neonakis
- MD, MSc, PhD, Department of Clinical Microbiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, University Hospital of Heraklion, Voutes, 71201 Heraklion, Greece,Corresponding author: Ioannis K. Neonakis,
| | - Iordanis Skamagkas
- MD, Department of Urology, University Hospital of Heraklion, Voutes, 71201 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Dimitra Stafylaki
- MD, Department of Clinical Microbiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, University Hospital of Heraklion, Voutes, 71201 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Sofia Maraki
- MD, PhD, Department of Clinical Microbiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, University Hospital of Heraklion, Voutes, 71201 Heraklion, Greece
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Hori E, Nakamura M, Tamura H. A diagnostically challenging case of pyelonephritis caused by
Lactobacillus. Clin Case Rep 2022; 10:e5999. [PMID: 35782210 PMCID: PMC9233159 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.5999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular polysaccharides produced by Lactobacillus have been shown to stimulate the immune system, suppress reactivity to allergens, and protect from infections; these properties underlie the use of Lactobacillus in probiotic formulations and in the prevention and treatment of urinary tract infections. However, Lactobacillus can be independently isolated at high numbers from sites of infection and has been rarely considered as the causative agent of infections in immunocompromised individuals. We herein report the case of a 46‐year‐old female patient who developed pyelonephritis due to Lactobacillus following total thyroidectomy for papillary thyroid cancer. The patient also had to fast due to postoperative vocal cord paralysis and received steroid treatment. As illustrated in the clinical course of our patient, Lactobacillus can be overlooked as a contaminant in culture samples and should be suspected as the etiology of infection especially in patients with weakened immune responses. We suggest that the detection of Lactobacillus in culture these patients might be an indication to initiate appropriate antibiotic treatment without delay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Hori
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Life Sciences Kumamoto University Kumamoto Japan
| | | | - Hiroshi Tamura
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Life Sciences Kumamoto University Kumamoto Japan
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Antibiotic resistance and virulence factors in lactobacilli: something to carefully consider. Food Microbiol 2022; 103:103934. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2021.103934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Rosales-Castillo A, Jiménez-Guerra G, Ruiz-Gómez L, Expósito-Ruíz M, Navarro-Marí JM, Gutiérrez-Fernández J. Emerging Presence of Culturable Microorganisms in Clinical Samples of the Genitourinary System: Systematic Review and Experience in Specialized Care of a Regional Hospital. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11051348. [PMID: 35268439 PMCID: PMC8911399 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11051348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The detection of emerging pathogens responsible for genitourinary infections has increased with technological advances. We conducted a systematic review of publications on the involvement of these microorganisms in genitourinary samples, and we also investigated their presence and antibiotic susceptibility in samples from patients at our regional hospital (Granada, Spain). The MEDLINE database was searched up to 31 December 2020, and a cross-sectional descriptive study was performed of results obtained in urine samples and genital exudates from January 2016 through December 2019. The review highlighted the frequent involvement of Neisseria meningitidis in genital infections, while the data on other microorganisms were consistent with findings in our patient series. The emerging microorganisms most often responsible for urinary tract infections were Streptococcus bovis (58.5%) and Gardnerella vaginalis (23.6%) in females, and S. bovis (32.3%), Aerococcus urinae (18.6%), and Corynebacterium spp. (16.9%) in males; those most frequently reported in genital infections were S. viridans (36.4%) in females and C. glucuronolyticum (32.2%) and G. vaginalis (35.6%) in males. In general, emerging pathogens are resistant to conventional antibiotics such as penicillin. However, there has also been an increase in beta-lactam resistance by the S. bovis group and Corynebacterium spp. The systematic review showed that emerging microorganisms are responsible for only a small percentage of genitourinary infections but are of major clinical interest, with a predominance of the S. bovis group, G. vaginalis, Lactobacillus spp., Aerococcus spp., and Corynebacterium spp. in urine samples and of G. vaginalis and C. glucuronolyticum in genital samples. Given the increasing resistance to antibiotics empirically prescribed in patients with genitourinary infections, it is recommended to create an antibiogram in all cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Rosales-Castillo
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital & Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Avenida de las Fuerzas Armadas 2, 18014 Granada, Spain;
- Program in Clinical Medicine and Public Health, University of Granada & Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Gemma Jiménez-Guerra
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital & Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Avenida de las Fuerzas Armadas 2, 18014 Granada, Spain; (G.J.-G.); (J.M.N.-M.)
| | - Lara Ruiz-Gómez
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Granada & Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Avenida de la Investigación 11, 18016 Granada, Spain;
| | - Manuela Expósito-Ruíz
- Unit of Biostatistics, Department of Statistics, School of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain;
| | - José María Navarro-Marí
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital & Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Avenida de las Fuerzas Armadas 2, 18014 Granada, Spain; (G.J.-G.); (J.M.N.-M.)
| | - José Gutiérrez-Fernández
- Program in Clinical Medicine and Public Health, University of Granada & Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18016 Granada, Spain
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital & Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Avenida de las Fuerzas Armadas 2, 18014 Granada, Spain; (G.J.-G.); (J.M.N.-M.)
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Granada & Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Avenida de la Investigación 11, 18016 Granada, Spain;
- Correspondence:
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8
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Bladder Microbiome in the Context of Urological Disorders—Is There a Biomarker Potential for Interstitial Cystitis? Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12020281. [PMID: 35204374 PMCID: PMC8870776 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12020281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the development of modern cultivation and sequencing techniques, the human microbiome has increasingly become the focus of scientific attention. Even in the bladder, long considered to be a sterile niche, a highly variable and complex microbial colonization has now been demonstrated. Especially in the context of diseases such as interstitial cystitis, whose etiopathogenesis is largely unknown, and whose diagnosis is based on a process of exclusion of confusable diseases, science hopes to gain far-reaching insights for etiology and diagnosis, including the identification of potential biomarkers. While for functional disorders such as urge urinary incontinence and overactive bladder syndrome, initial associations have been demonstrated between reduced microbial diversity and increased symptomatology, as well as shifts in the abundance of specific microorganisms such as Lactobacillus or Proteus, studies in interstitial cystitis show conflicting results and have failed to identify a putative organism or urotype that clearly distinguishes the urinary microbiome of patients with IC/BPS from that of healthy controls. At the present time, therefore, the new insights into the bladder microbiome and its potential influence on urologic disease cannot yet be used in the context of elucidating possible etiopathogenetic causes, as well as in the use of a biomarker for diagnostic or prognostic purposes. Further studies should focus primarily on uniform procedures and detection methods to achieve better comparability of results and increase the likelihood of detecting hidden patterns.
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Safety Evaluation of Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. lactis CIDCA 133: a Health-Promoting Bacteria. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2021; 14:816-829. [PMID: 34403080 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-021-09826-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. lactis CIDCA is a new potential probiotic strain whose molecular basis attributed to the host's benefit has been reported. This study investigated the safety aspects of Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. lactis CIDCA 133 based on whole-genome sequence and phenotypic analysis to avoid future questions about the harmful effects of this strain consumption. Genomic analysis showed that L. delbrueckii subsp. lactis CIDCA 133 harbors virulence, harmful metabolites, and antimicrobial resistance-associated genes. However, none of these genetic elements is flanked or located within prophage regions and plasmid sequence. At a phenotypic level, it was observed L. delbrueckii subsp. lactis CIDCA 133 antimicrobial resistance to aminoglycosides streptomycin and gentamicin antibiotics, but no hemolytic and mucin degradation activity was exhibited by strain. Furthermore, no adverse effects were observed regarding mice clinical and histopathological analysis after the strain consumption (5 × 107 CFU/mL). Overall, these findings reveal the safety of Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. lactis CIDCA 133 for consumption and future probiotic applications.
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10
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[The microbiome in benign prostatic hyperplasia]. Urologe A 2020; 59:1204-1207. [PMID: 32914231 DOI: 10.1007/s00120-020-01318-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The advent of new high throughput sequencing technologies has paved the way for microbiome research, opening up entirely new perspectives on the complex and diverse ecosystems of the human body. One of the main findings was that it became clear that in contrast to the widely held dogma the urinary tract is not a sterile environment. As for all niches of the human body, a well-balanced microbiome is an essential part for the physiological functioning of the urinary tract and therefore it must be considered a prerequisite for health. The dysbalance of the microbiome is now seen as having a considerable impact on the pathogenesis of a plethora of diseases. Its role in benign disorders, such as interstitial cystitis, urinary urge incontinence and chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome as well as participation in malignant conditions, such as prostate cancer has recently been revealed. The contribution of the urinary microbiome to the pathogenesis and progression of lower urinary tract symptoms due to benign prostatic obstruction are currently under investigation.
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11
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Asymptomatic bilateral obstructing ureteric calculi resulting in Lactobacillaemia and endocarditis requiring emergency aortic valve replacement. Urol Case Rep 2020; 32:101218. [PMID: 32373471 PMCID: PMC7191579 DOI: 10.1016/j.eucr.2020.101218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Ureteric calculi are a common cause of emergency presentation to hospitals in the United Kingdom and worldwide. A significant and life threatening complication of those stones that obstruct the ureter is pyonephrosis, bacteraemia and resulting sepsis. Whilst the majority of such cases present with the typical symptoms of loin pain and fever, here we describe the case of a 57 year old patient with asymptomatic bilateral obstructing ureteric calculi that led to bacteraemia from a rare bacterial pathogen, Lactobacillus jensenii, and subsequent severe bacterial endocarditis requiring emergency aortic valve replacement.
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12
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Dean SN, Rimmer MA, Turner KB, Phillips DA, Caruana JC, Hervey WJ, Leary DH, Walper SA. Lactobacillus acidophilus Membrane Vesicles as a Vehicle of Bacteriocin Delivery. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:710. [PMID: 32425905 PMCID: PMC7203471 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent reports have shown that Gram-positive bacteria actively secrete spherical nanometer-sized proteoliposome membrane vesicles (MVs) into their surroundings. Though MVs are implicated in a broad range of biological functions, few studies have been conducted to examine their potential as delivery vehicles of antimicrobials. Here, we investigate the natural ability of Lactobacillus acidophilus MVs to carry and deliver bacteriocin peptides to the opportunistic pathogen, Lactobacillus delbrueckii. We demonstrate that upon treatment with lactacin B-inducing peptide, the proteome of the secreted MVs is enriched in putative bacteriocins encoded by the lab operon. Further, we show that purified MVs inhibit growth and compromise membrane integrity in L. delbrueckii, which is confirmed by confocal microscopy imaging and spectrophotometry. These results show that L. acidophilus MVs serve as conduits for antimicrobials to competing cells in the environment, suggesting a potential role for MVs in complex communities such as the gut microbiome. With the potential for controlling their payload through microbial engineering, MVs produced by L. acidophilus may be an interesting platform for effecting change in complex microbial communities or aiding in the development of new biomedical therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott N. Dean
- National Research Council Associate, Washington, DC, United States
| | | | - Kendrick B. Turner
- US Naval Research Laboratory, Center for Bio/Molecular Science & Engineering (Code 6900), Washington, DC, United States
| | - Daniel A. Phillips
- American Society for Engineering Education Associate, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Julie C. Caruana
- American Society for Engineering Education Associate, Washington, DC, United States
| | - William Judson Hervey
- US Naval Research Laboratory, Center for Bio/Molecular Science & Engineering (Code 6900), Washington, DC, United States
| | - Dagmar H. Leary
- US Naval Research Laboratory, Center for Bio/Molecular Science & Engineering (Code 6900), Washington, DC, United States
| | - Scott A. Walper
- US Naval Research Laboratory, Center for Bio/Molecular Science & Engineering (Code 6900), Washington, DC, United States
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13
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Pradhan D, Mallappa RH, Grover S. Comprehensive approaches for assessing the safety of probiotic bacteria. Food Control 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2019.106872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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14
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Behzadi P, Urbán E, Matuz M, Benkő R, Gajdács M. The Role of Gram-Negative Bacteria in Urinary Tract Infections: Current Concepts and Therapeutic Options. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1323:35-69. [PMID: 32596751 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2020_566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are some of the most common infections in human medicine worldwide, recognized as an important public health concern to healthcare systems around the globe. In addition, urine specimens are one of the most frequently submitted samples for culture to the clinical microbiology laboratory, exceeding the number of most of the other sample types. The epidemiology, species-distribution and susceptibility-patterns of uropathogens vary greatly in a geographical and time-dependent manner and it also strongly correlated with the reported patient population studied. Nevertheless, many studies highlight the fact that the etiological agents in UTIs have changed considerably, both in nosocomial and community settings, with a shift towards "less common" microorganisms having more pronounced roles. There is increasing demand for further research to advance diagnostics and treatment options, and to improve care of the patients. The aim of this review paper was to summarize current developments in the global burden of UTI, the diagnostic aspects of these infectious pathologies, the possible etiological agents and their virulence determinants (with a special focus on the members of the Enterobacterales order), current guidelines and quality indicators in the therapy of UTIs and the emergence of multidrug resistance in urinary pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Payam Behzadi
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Sciences Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Edit Urbán
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.,Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Pécs, Medical School, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Mária Matuz
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Ria Benkő
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.,Central Pharmacy Service, Emergency Department, Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Center, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Márió Gajdács
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary. .,Department of Pharmacodynamics and Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.
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Microbiota: a novel regulator of pain. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2019; 127:445-465. [PMID: 31552496 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-019-02083-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Among the various regulators of the nervous system, the gut microbiota has been recently described to have the potential to modulate neuronal cells activation. While bacteria-derived products can induce aversive responses and influence pain perception, recent work suggests that "abnormal" microbiota is associated with neurological diseases such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's disease or autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Here we review how the gut microbiota modulates afferent sensory neurons function and pain, highlighting the role of the microbiota/gut/brain axis in the control of behaviors and neurological diseases. We outline the changes in gut microbiota, known as dysbiosis, and their influence on painful gastrointestinal disorders. Furthermore, both direct host/microbiota interaction that implicates activation of "pain-sensing" neurons by metabolites, or indirect communication via immune activation is discussed. Finally, treatment options targeting the gut microbiota, including pre- or probiotics, will be proposed. Further studies on microbiota/nervous system interaction should lead to the identification of novel microbial ligands and host receptor-targeted drugs, which could ultimately improve chronic pain management and well-being.
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Chen J, Zhao J, Cao Y, Zhang G, Chen Y, Zhong J, Huang W, Zeng J, Wu P. Relationship between alterations of urinary microbiota and cultured negative lower urinary tract symptoms in female type 2 diabetes patients. BMC Urol 2019; 19:78. [PMID: 31438919 PMCID: PMC6704724 DOI: 10.1186/s12894-019-0506-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) is the most common complication of diabetes. However, the underlying pathogenesis of cultured negative LUTS (cn-LUTS) in diabetic patients has not been well understood. Numerous evidence indicates that urinary dysbiosis is related to urologic disorders. We aim to study alterations of the urinary microbiota of cn-LUTS in type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients. Methods Female T2D patients and controls were recruited and requested to finish the American Urological Association Symptom Index. Mid-stream urine was collected for culturing and extracting DNA. Microbial diversity and composition were analyzed by targeting to 16S rDNA. Linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) was carried out to identify significantly different bacteria. Results 32 female T2D patients and 26 controls were enrolled. No significant differences in alpha diversity were observed between patients and controls. However, statistically decreased richness (ACE index and Chao 1 index, 85.52(13.75, 204.84) vs. 129.82(63.89, 280.30) and 83.86(11.00, 210.77) vs. 125.19(62.00, 251.77), P = 0.005; Observed Species, 76(10, 175) vs. 98(54, 234), P = 0.011) and decreased species diversity (Shannon index, 1.37(0.04, 3.48) vs. 2.09(0.98, 3.43), P = 0.033; Simpson index, 0.46 (0.06, 0.99) vs. 0.23(0.07, 0.64), P = 0.029) were shown in moderate-to-severe LUTS group and high Hemoglobin A1c group, respectively. A significant difference of beta diversity was found between T2D patients and controls and T2D patients with different severity of cn-LUTS as well as the different level of Hemoglobin A1c. LEfSe revealed that 10 genera (e.g., Escherichia-Shigella and Klebsiella) were increased and 7 genera were decreasing in T2D patients, 3 genera (e.g., Escherichia-Shigella and Campylobacter) were increased and 16 genera (e.g., Prevotella) were reduced in moderate-to-severe LUTS group, 2 genera (Escherichia-Shigella and Lactobacillus) were over-represented and 10 genera (e.g., Prevotella) were under-represented in high Hemoglobin A1c group. Finally, Hemoglobin A1c was found positively correlated with the total score of the American Urological Association Symptom Index (r = 0.509, P = 0.003). Conclusions Urinary dysbiosis may be related to cn-LUTS in female T2D patients. A better understanding of urinary microbiota in the development and progression of cn-LUTS in female T2D patients was necessary. The severity of cn-LUTS was correlated to hyperglycemia and chronic hyperglycemia might induce or promote cn-LUTS by influencing urinary microbiota. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12894-019-0506-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Chen
- Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Cao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Guihao Zhang
- Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yang Chen
- Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Jialei Zhong
- Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Weina Huang
- Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Jiarong Zeng
- Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Peng Wu
- Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
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Rossi F, Amadoro C, Colavita G. Members of the Lactobacillus Genus Complex (LGC) as Opportunistic Pathogens: A Review. Microorganisms 2019; 7:E126. [PMID: 31083452 PMCID: PMC6560513 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7050126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 05/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Microorganisms belonging to the Lactobacillus genus complex (LGC) are naturally associated or deliberately added to fermented food products and are widely used as probiotic food supplements. Moreover, these bacteria normally colonize the mouth, gastrointestinal (GI) tract, and female genitourinary tract of humans. They exert multiple beneficial effects and are regarded as safe microorganisms. However, infections caused by lactobacilli, mainly endocarditis, bacteremia, and pleuropneumonia, occasionally occur. The relevance of Lactobacillus spp. and other members of the LGC as opportunistic pathogens in humans and related risk factors and predisposing conditions are illustrated in this review article with more emphasis on the species L. rhamnosus that has been more often involved in infection cases. The methods used to identify this species in clinical samples, to distinguish strains and to evaluate traits that can be associated to pathogenicity, as well as future perspectives for improving the identification of potentially pathogenic strains, are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franca Rossi
- Diagnostica Specialistica, Sezione di Isernia, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise "G. Caporale", C.da Breccelle Snc, 86170 Isernia, Italy.
| | - Carmela Amadoro
- Medicine and Health Science Department "V. Tiberio", University of Molise, Via de Santis, 86100 Campobasso, Italy.
| | - Giampaolo Colavita
- Medicine and Health Science Department "V. Tiberio", University of Molise, Via de Santis, 86100 Campobasso, Italy.
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Maillet F, Passeron A, Podglajen I, Ranque B, Pouchot J. Lactobacillus delbrueckii urinary tract infection in a male patient. Med Mal Infect 2018; 49:226-228. [PMID: 30554950 DOI: 10.1016/j.medmal.2018.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2018] [Revised: 09/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F Maillet
- Département de médecine interne, hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, 20, rue Leblanc, 75015 Paris, France.
| | - A Passeron
- Département de médecine interne, hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, 20, rue Leblanc, 75015 Paris, France.
| | - I Podglajen
- Département de microbiologie, hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, 75015 Paris, France
| | - B Ranque
- Département de médecine interne, hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, 20, rue Leblanc, 75015 Paris, France
| | - J Pouchot
- Département de médecine interne, hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, 20, rue Leblanc, 75015 Paris, France
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Magistro G, Stief CG. The Urinary Tract Microbiome: The Answer to All Our Open Questions? Eur Urol Focus 2018; 5:36-38. [PMID: 30042043 DOI: 10.1016/j.euf.2018.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2018] [Revised: 06/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT The dogma of a sterile urinary tract persisted for over a century. With the advances in new high-throughput sequencing technologies and modified culture protocols for microbiome research, we have discovered a variable microbial spectrum in the urinary tract. Its relevance for health and disease is now under investigation. OBJECTIVE To present the latest insights into the role of the urinary tract microbiome in functional disorders. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION Medline, PubMed, the Cochrane database, and Embase were screened for randomised controlled trials, clinical trials, and reviews on the urinary tract microbiome. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS The urinary tract is not sterile. Every individual harbours a complex microbial network in the urinary tract that is exposed to internal and external factors. Any imbalance in this network is likely to contribute to the development of lower urinary tract symptoms. Functional disorders such as interstitial cystitis, urinary urge incontinence, and chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome, none of which include a bacterial origin for diagnosis, show features of an altered microbiome with specific dominating urotypes in contrast to urine from asymptomatic healthy individuals. The growing insights into the impact of the urinary microbiome on these entities may help in gaining a deeper understanding of the condition and may provide guidance for optimised management. CONCLUSIONS The urinary tract is not sterile. The discovery of the urinary microbiome suggests that any imbalance may have a relevant role in the development of symptoms in functional disorders. PATIENT SUMMARY The urinary tract is naturally colonised with a specific microbial spectrum for which impairment may cause bothersome symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Magistro
- Department of Urology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany.
| | - Christian G Stief
- Department of Urology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
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Klein S, Nurjadi D, Horner S, Heeg K, Zimmermann S, Burckhardt I. Significant increase in cultivation of Gardnerella vaginalis, Alloscardovia omnicolens, Actinotignum schaalii, and Actinomyces spp. in urine samples with total laboratory automation. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2018; 37:1305-1311. [PMID: 29651616 PMCID: PMC6015101 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-018-3250-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
While total laboratory automation (TLA) is well established in laboratory medicine, only a few microbiological laboratories are using TLA systems. Especially in terms of speed and accuracy, working with TLA is expected to be superior to conventional microbiology. We compared in total 35,564 microbiological urine cultures with and without incubation and processing with BD Kiestra TLA for a 6-month period each retrospectively. Sixteen thousand three hundred thirty-eight urine samples were analyzed in the pre-TLA period and 19,226 with TLA. Sixty-two percent (n = 10,101/16338) of the cultures processed without TLA and 68% (n = 13,102/19226) of the cultures processed with TLA showed growth. There were significantly more samples with two or more species per sample and with low numbers of colony forming units (CFU) after incubation with TLA. Regarding the type of bacteria, there were comparable amounts of Enterobacteriaceae in the samples, slightly less non-fermenting Gram-negative bacteria, but significantly more Gram-positive cocci, and Gram-positive rods. Especially Alloscardivia omnicolens, Gardnerella vaginalis, Actinomyces spp., and Actinotignum schaalii were significantly more abundant in the samples incubated and processed with TLA. The time to report was significantly lower in the TLA processed samples by 1.5 h. We provide the first report in Europe of a large number of urine samples processed with TLA. TLA showed enhanced growth of non-classical and rarely cultured bacteria from urine samples. Our findings suggest that previously underestimated bacteria may be relevant pathogens for urinary tract infections. Further studies are needed to confirm our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Klein
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Dennis Nurjadi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Susanne Horner
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Klaus Heeg
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Zimmermann
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Irene Burckhardt
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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21
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Gram-Positive Uropathogens, Polymicrobial Urinary Tract Infection, and the Emerging Microbiota of the Urinary Tract. Microbiol Spectr 2017; 4. [PMID: 27227294 DOI: 10.1128/microbiolspec.uti-0012-2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Gram-positive bacteria are a common cause of urinary-tract infection (UTI), particularly among individuals who are elderly, pregnant, or who have other risk factors for UTI. Here we review the epidemiology, virulence mechanisms, and host response to the most frequently isolated Gram-positive uropathogens: Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Enterococcus faecalis, and Streptococcus agalactiae. We also review several emerging, rare, misclassified, and otherwise underreported Gram-positive pathogens of the urinary tract including Aerococcus, Corynebacterium, Actinobaculum, and Gardnerella. The literature strongly suggests that urologic diseases involving Gram-positive bacteria may be easily overlooked due to limited culture-based assays typically utilized for urine in hospital microbiology laboratories. Some UTIs are polymicrobial in nature, often involving one or more Gram-positive bacteria. We herein review the risk factors and recent evidence for mechanisms of bacterial synergy in experimental models of polymicrobial UTI. Recent experimental data has demonstrated that, despite being cleared quickly from the bladder, some Gram-positive bacteria can impact pathogenic outcomes of co-infecting organisms. When taken together, the available evidence argues that Gram-positive bacteria are important uropathogens in their own right, but that some can be easily overlooked because they are missed by routine diagnostic methods. Finally, a growing body of evidence demonstrates that a surprising variety of fastidious Gram-positive bacteria may either reside in or be regularly exposed to the urinary tract and further suggests that their presence is widespread among women, as well as men. Experimental studies in this area are needed; however, there is a growing appreciation that the composition of bacteria found in the bladder could be a potentially important determinant in urologic disease, including susceptibility to UTI.
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22
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Aragón IM, Herrera-Imbroda B, Queipo-Ortuño MI, Castillo E, Del Moral JSG, Gómez-Millán J, Yucel G, Lara MF. The Urinary Tract Microbiome in Health and Disease. Eur Urol Focus 2016; 4:128-138. [PMID: 28753805 DOI: 10.1016/j.euf.2016.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Revised: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT The urinary tract, previously considered a sterile body niche, has emerged as the host of an array of bacteria in healthy individuals, revolutionizing the urology research field. OBJECTIVE To review the literature on microbiome implications in the urinary tract and the usefulness of probiotics/prebiotics and diet as treatment for urologic disorders. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION A systematic review was conducted using PubMed and Medline from inception until July 2016. The initial search identified 1419 studies and 89 were included in this systematic review. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS Specific bacterial communities have been found in the healthy urinary tract. Changes in this microbiome have been observed in certain urologic disorders such as urinary incontinence, urologic cancers, interstitial cystitis, neurogenic bladder dysfunction, sexually transmitted infections, and chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome. The role of probiotics, prebiotics, and diet as treatment or preventive agents for urologic disorders requires further investigation. CONCLUSIONS There is a microbiome associated with the healthy urinary tract that can change in urologic disorders. This represents a propitious context to identify new diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive microbiome-based biomarkers that could be used in clinical urology practice. In addition, probiotics, prebiotics, and diet modifications appear to represent an opportunity to regulate the urinary microbiome. PATIENT SUMMARY We review the urinary microbiome of healthy individuals and its changes in relation to urinary disorders. The question to resolve is how we can modulate the microbiome to improve urinary tract health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel M Aragón
- Department of Urology, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, Malaga, Spain
| | | | - María I Queipo-Ortuño
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Biomedical Research Institute,, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Center for Pathophysiology of Obesity and Nutrition, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elisabeth Castillo
- Department of Urology, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, Malaga, Spain
| | | | - Jaime Gómez-Millán
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Virgen de la Victoria, Malaga, Spain
| | - Gozde Yucel
- Program in Epithelial Biology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - María F Lara
- Department of Urology, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, Malaga, Spain.
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23
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Chaini E, Chainis ND, Ioannidis A, Magana M, Nikolaou C, Papaparaskevas J, Liakata MV, Katopodis P, Papastavrou L, Tegos GP, Chatzipanagiotou S. Pneumonia and Pleural Empyema due to a Mixed Lactobacillus spp. Infection as a Possible Early Esophageal Carcinoma Signature. Front Med (Lausanne) 2016; 3:42. [PMID: 27734016 PMCID: PMC5039211 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2016.00042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactobacilli are human commensals found in the gastrointestinal and genitourinary tract. Although generally conceived as non-pathogenic microorganisms, the existence of several reports implicating them in certain severe pathological entities renders this species as opportunistic pathogens. The case of a 58-year-old woman with mixed Lactobacillus infection is described. The patient was admitted in an outpatient clinic with community acquired pneumonia, and on the third day of hospitalization she presented rapid pneumonia deterioration. Subsequent imaging techniques revealed increased pleural empyema in alignment with the general deterioration of her clinical condition. Pleural fluid culture revealed the presence of Lactobacillus delbrueckii and Lactobacillus gasseri and the infection was successfully treated with clindamycin. Five months after hospital discharge and an overall good condition, the patient developed signs of dysphagia and upon re-admission an inoperable esophageal carcinoma was diagnosed. The patient succumbed to the cancer 11 months later. Herein, we report for the first time a mixed respiratory infection due to lactobacilli, possibly associated with a formerly unveiled esophageal malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nikolaos D Chainis
- Pulmonary Department, Athens Medical Center - Peristeri , Peristeri , Greece
| | - Anastasios Ioannidis
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Human Movement and Quality of Life Sciences, University of Peloponnese, Sparta, Greece; Department of Biopathology and Clinical Microbiology, Aeginition Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Magana
- Department of Biopathology and Clinical Microbiology, Aeginition Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , Athens , Greece
| | - Chryssoula Nikolaou
- Department of Biopathology and Clinical Microbiology, Aeginition Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , Athens , Greece
| | - Joseph Papaparaskevas
- Department of Microbiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , Athens , Greece
| | - Melina-Vassiliki Liakata
- Department of Biopathology and Clinical Microbiology, Athens Medical Center - Peristeri , Peristeri , Greece
| | | | | | - George P Tegos
- Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies, Port St. Lucie, FL, USA; Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stylianos Chatzipanagiotou
- Department of Biopathology and Clinical Microbiology, Aeginition Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , Athens , Greece
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Abstract
Lactobacilli are low-virulence, commensal organisms of the gastrointestinal and genitourinary tracts and are commonly used as "probiotic supplements." Herein, we describe an episode of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) bronchiolitis with bacterial superinfection secondary to administration of Lactobacillus rhamnosus in an 11-month-old female with trisomy 21.
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25
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Pezzlo M. Laboratory Diagnosis of Urinary Tract Infections: Guidelines, Challenges, and Innovations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinmicnews.2014.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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26
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Studies on Drug Sensitivity and Bacterial Prevalence of UTI in Tribal Population of Paschim Medinipur, West Bengal, India. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2012. [DOI: 10.5812/jjm.4756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Milkiewicz M, Caballería L, Smyk DS, Milkiewicz P. Predicting and preventing autoimmunity: the case of anti-mitochondrial antibodies. AUTOIMMUNITY HIGHLIGHTS 2012; 3:105-12. [PMID: 26000133 PMCID: PMC4389078 DOI: 10.1007/s13317-012-0038-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2012] [Accepted: 10/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
To be able to predict who will develop autoimmune disease would allow for early treatment which may dramatically alter the course of the disease. In some cases, it may also lead to prevention of the disease development. The prediction of disease development is based on the analysis of risk factors which have been associated with the disease in question. These factors include genetic susceptibility, as well as immunological and environmental factors. One autoimmune disease that may serve as a model for disease prediction is primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC), an autoimmune liver disease affecting the small- and medium-sized bile ducts. PBC could be an ideal model due to recent advances in elucidating its genetic associations. As well, a variety of immunological and environmental risk factors have been well established. Indeed, the presence of PBC-specific antimitochondrial antibodies and/or antinuclear antibodies has been shown to be predictor of disease development and possibly prognosis. This review will examine the current evidence which suggests that we may potentially be able to predict the development of PBC in some individuals. These concepts may also be applied to autoimmune diseases in general.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Daniel S Smyk
- Institute of Liver Studies, King's College London School of Medicine, London, UK
| | - Piotr Milkiewicz
- Liver Unit, Pomeranian Medical University, Al. Powstancow Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
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28
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Pyelonephritis and Bacteremia from Lactobacillus delbrueckii. Case Rep Infect Dis 2012; 2012:745743. [PMID: 23056967 PMCID: PMC3465865 DOI: 10.1155/2012/745743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2012] [Accepted: 09/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactobacilli are normal colonizers of the oropharynx, gastrointestinal tract, and vagina. Infection is rare, but has been reported in individuals with predisposing conditions. Here we describe the case of a woman with pyelonephritis and bacteremia in which Lactobacillus delbrueckii was determined to be the causative agent.
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29
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Siddiqui H, Lagesen K, Nederbragt AJ, Jeansson SL, Jakobsen KS. Alterations of microbiota in urine from women with interstitial cystitis. BMC Microbiol 2012; 12:205. [PMID: 22974186 PMCID: PMC3538702 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2180-12-205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2012] [Accepted: 09/05/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Interstitial Cystitis (IC) is a chronic inflammatory condition of the bladder with unknown etiology. The aim of this study was to characterize the microbial community present in the urine from IC female patients by 454 high throughput sequencing of the 16S variable regions V1V2 and V6. The taxonomical composition, richness and diversity of the IC microbiota were determined and compared to the microbial profile of asymptomatic healthy female (HF) urine. Results The composition and distribution of bacterial sequences differed between the urine microbiota of IC patients and HFs. Reduced sequence richness and diversity were found in IC patient urine, and a significant difference in the community structure of IC urine in relation to HF urine was observed. More than 90% of the IC sequence reads were identified as belonging to the bacterial genus Lactobacillus, a marked increase compared to 60% in HF urine. Conclusion The 16S rDNA sequence data demonstrates a shift in the composition of the bacterial community in IC urine. The reduced microbial diversity and richness is accompanied by a higher abundance of the bacterial genus Lactobacillus, compared to HF urine. This study demonstrates that high throughput sequencing analysis of urine microbiota in IC patients is a powerful tool towards a better understanding of this enigmatic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huma Siddiqui
- Department of Biology, Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES), University of Oslo, P,O, Box 1066, Blindern, 0316, Oslo, Norway
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30
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Smyk DS, Bogdanos DP, Kriese S, Billinis C, Burroughs AK, Rigopoulou EI. Urinary tract infection as a risk factor for autoimmune liver disease: from bench to bedside. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2012; 36:110-21. [PMID: 21907008 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2011.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2011] [Revised: 07/18/2011] [Accepted: 07/21/2011] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Autoimmune liver diseases include autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC), and primary sclerosing cholangitis. A variety of environmental and genetic risk factors have been associated with these conditions. Recurrent urinary tract infections (rUTI) have been strongly associated with PBC, and to a lesser extent with AIH. These observations were initially based on the observation of significant bacteriuria in female patients with PBC. Larger epidemiological studies demonstrated that there was indeed a strong correlation between recurrent UTI and PBC. AIH has not been linked to recurrent UTI in epidemiological studies; however treatment of UTI with nitrofurantoin can induce AIH. As Escherichia coli is the most prevalent organism isolated in women with UTI, it has been suggested that molecular mimicry between microbial and human PDC-E2 (the main autoantigenic target in PBC) epitopes may explain the link between UTI and PBC. Multiple studies have demonstrated molecular mimicry and immunological cross-reactivity involving microbial and self-antigen mimics. This review will examine the literature surrounding UTI and autoimmune liver disease. This will include case reports and epidemiological studies, as well as experimental data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel S Smyk
- Liver Immunopathology, Institute of Liver Studies and Liver Unit, King's College London School of Medicine at King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill Campus, London SE5 9RS, UK
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Potential prevention and treatment of intestinal barrier dysfunction using active components of Lactobacillus. Ann Surg 2012; 254:832-3; author reply 833. [PMID: 22005146 DOI: 10.1097/sla.0b013e318235dd56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Immunopathogenesis of primary biliary cirrhosis: an old wives' tale. IMMUNITY & AGEING 2011; 8:12. [PMID: 22136162 PMCID: PMC3238302 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4933-8-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2011] [Accepted: 12/02/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is a cholestatic liver disease characterised by the autoimmune destruction of the small intrahepatic bile ducts. The disease has an unpredictable clinical course, but may progress to fibrosis and cirrhosis. Although medical treatment with urseodeoxycholic acid is largely successful, some patients may progress to liver failure requiring liver transplantation. PBC is characterised by the presence of disease specific anti-mitochondrial (AMA) antibodies, which are pathognomonic for PBC development. The disease demonstrates an overwhelming female preponderance and virtually all women with PBC present in middle age. The reasons for this are unknown; however several environmental and immunological factors may be involved. As the immune systems ages, it become less self tolerant, and mounts a weaker response to pathogens, possibly leading to cross reactivity or molecular mimicry. Some individuals display immunological changes which encourage the development of autoimmune disease. Risk factors implicated in PBC include recurrent urinary tract infection in females, as well as an increased prevalence of reproductive complications. These risk factors may work in concert with and possibly even accelerate, immune system ageing, contributing to PBC development. This review will examine the changes that occur in the immune system with ageing, paying particular attention to those changes which contribute to the development of autoimmune disease with increasing age. The review also discusses risk factors which may account for the increased female predominance of PBC, such as recurrent UTI and oestrogens.
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[Lactobacillus delbrueckii: probable agent of urinary tract infections in very old women]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 60:140-2. [PMID: 20605373 DOI: 10.1016/j.patbio.2010.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2010] [Accepted: 04/13/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Lactobacillus urinary tract infection (UTI) seems exceptionally reported. Nevertheless, with the introduction of a chromogenic medium UriSelect 4, eight cases of UTI in old women (mean of 81.2 years) mediated by Lactobacillus delbrueckii identified by DNA sequencing were reported between 2007 and 2009.
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