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Elkady G, Zhu J, Peng Q, Chen M, Liu X, Chen Y, Hu C, Chen H, Guo A. Isolation and whole protein characterization of species A and B bovine rotaviruses from Chinese calves. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2021; 89:104715. [PMID: 33434703 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2021.104715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Rotaviruses (RVs) account for severe diarrhea in children and young animals globally. In the current study, the fecal samples of diarrheic calves from a beef farm in Inner Mongolia were screened for RVA by ELISA and RT-PCR, followed by culture of three positive RVA samples in the MA-104 cell line. After 10 blind passages, cytopathic effects (CPE) appeared as detachment, granulation, and clustering of the inoculated cells. The virus isolates were identified by RT-PCR (VP6 gene RVA) and ESI-LC-MS/MS for whole protein sequencing. The protein sequences demonstrated the presence of two strains from species A rotavirus and one RVB strain; RVA/Cow-tc/CHN/35333/2019/G6P[5] was mixed with one RVB strain (RVB/Cow-tc/CHN/35334/2019/G5P[3]) in two samples, and RVA/Cow-tc/CHN/10927/2019/G8P[7] was found in one sample. They are of genotype constellations (G6-P[5]-I2-R2-C2-M2-A3-N2-T6-E2-H3), (G8-P[7]-I5-R1-C1- M2-A1-N1-T1-E1-H1), and (G5-P[3]-I3-R5-C5-A5-N4-H5), respectively. Besides, phylogenetic analysis of the obtained sequences demonstrated viral evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gehad Elkady
- The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Wuhan 430070, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Cooperative Innovation Centre of Substantial Pig Production, Hubei Province China, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jie Zhu
- The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Wuhan 430070, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Cooperative Innovation Centre of Substantial Pig Production, Hubei Province China, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Qingjie Peng
- Wuhan Keqian Biology Co. Ltd, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Ming Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Wuhan 430070, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Cooperative Innovation Centre of Substantial Pig Production, Hubei Province China, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xin Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Cooperative Innovation Centre of Substantial Pig Production, Hubei Province China, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yingyu Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Wuhan 430070, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Cooperative Innovation Centre of Substantial Pig Production, Hubei Province China, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; National Animal Tuberculosis Para-Reference Laboratory (Wuhan) of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Veterinary Epidemiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Changmin Hu
- The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Huanchun Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Wuhan 430070, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Cooperative Innovation Centre of Substantial Pig Production, Hubei Province China, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; National Animal Tuberculosis Para-Reference Laboratory (Wuhan) of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Veterinary Epidemiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Aizhen Guo
- The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Wuhan 430070, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Cooperative Innovation Centre of Substantial Pig Production, Hubei Province China, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; National Animal Tuberculosis Para-Reference Laboratory (Wuhan) of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Veterinary Epidemiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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Kung YH, Chi H, Liu CC, Huang YC, Huang YC, Wu FT, Huang LM. Hospital-based surveillance of severe rotavirus gastroenteritis and rotavirus strains in young Taiwanese children. J Formos Med Assoc 2020; 119:1158-1166. [PMID: 32359880 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2020.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Rotavirus remains a leading cause of pediatric gastroenteritis-related hospitalization. Surveillance studies have revealed that several major rotaviral genotypes are responsible for most cases of rotavirus gastroenteritis (RVGE). This study aimed to understand the characteristics of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) caused by rotavirus in young children in Taiwan. METHODS Ten hospitals in Taiwan were subjected to prospective hospital-based AGE surveillance during 2014-2017, and children younger than 5 years old who were hospitalized due to AGE were enrolled in the study. Medical and demographic variables were recorded and analyzed, and stool specimens were collected for rotavirus identification and genotyping via real-time RT-PCR. Non-rotavirus AGE age-matched controls were enrolled. RESULTS Surveillance identified 4747 young children hospitalized with AGE during this study period. The median age of these patients was 2.0 years. Rotavirus was detected in stool samples from 518 patients (10.9%). The prevalent months of RVGE in 2014, 2015, and 2017, wherein the rotavirus positivity rates exceeded 30%. The most common serotypes were G3P[8] (303/518, 58.9%) and G1P[8] (86/518, 16.6%). The percentage of G3P[8] increased from 4.9% in 2014 to 74.3% in 2016 (P < 0.0001), whereas the percentage of G1P[8] decreased from 61.0% in 2014 to 22.5% in 2015 (P < 0.0001). Compared with G3P[8], G1P[8] was associated with a significantly higher C-reactive protein level (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Rotavirus remains a notable pathogenic etiology of childhood AGE and the G3P[8] serotype was dominant in Taiwan. This study highlighted the importance of rotavirus surveillance to ensure protective effectiveness against the circulating strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Hsin Kung
- Department of Pediatrics, Mackay Memorial Hospital and Mackay Children's Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin Chi
- Department of Pediatrics, Mackay Memorial Hospital and Mackay Children's Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
| | - Ching-Chuan Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yhu-Chering Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Children's Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chuan Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Tzy Wu
- Department of Health, Research and Diagnostic Center, Centers for Disease Control, Taiwan
| | - Li-Min Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Lin CL, Chen SC, Liu SY, Chen KT. Disease caused by rotavirus infection. Open Virol J 2014; 8:14-9. [PMID: 25553142 PMCID: PMC4279035 DOI: 10.2174/1874357901408010014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Revised: 09/28/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Although rotavirus vaccines are available, rotaviruses remain the major cause of childhood diarrheal disease worldwide. The Rotarix (GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals Rixensart, Belgium) and RotaTeq (Merck and Co., Inc. Whitehouse Station, New Jersey, USA) vaccines are effective for reducing the morbidity and mortality of rotavirus infection. This article aims to assess the epidemiology of rotaviral gastroenteritis and the efficacy and effectiveness of licensed rotavirus vaccines. This review concludes by presenting challenges in the field that require further exploration by and perspectives from basic and translational research in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Che-Liang Lin
- Internal Medicine Chest Division, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Liouying, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Shou-Chien Chen
- Department of Family Medicine, Da-Chien General Hospital, Miaoli, Taiwan ; General Education Center, Ta Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Kow-Tong Chen
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Tainan Municipal Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan ; Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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Than VT, Kang H, Lim I, Kim W. Molecular characterization of serotype G9 rotaviruses circulating in South Korea between 2005 and 2010. J Med Virol 2012; 85:171-8. [DOI: 10.1002/jmv.23436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Chen SC, Tan LB, Huang LM, Chen KT. Rotavirus infection and the current status of rotavirus vaccines. J Formos Med Assoc 2012; 111:183-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2011.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2011] [Revised: 09/16/2011] [Accepted: 09/28/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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Shin JW, Le VP, Than VT, Lim I, Yoon Y, Kim K, Chung SI, Myung SC, Kim W. Genomic characterization of a cell-culture-adapted Korean human G9P[8] rotavirus, CAU05-202. Arch Virol 2012; 157:753-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00705-012-1232-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2011] [Accepted: 12/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Zuccotti G, Meneghin F, Dilillo D, Romanò L, Bottone R, Mantegazza C, Giacchino R, Besana R, Ricciardi G, Sterpa A, Altamura N, Andreotti M, Montrasio G, Macchi L, Pavan A, Paladini S, Zanetti A, Radaelli G. Epidemiological and clinical features of rotavirus among children younger than 5 years of age hospitalized with acute gastroenteritis in Northern Italy. BMC Infect Dis 2010; 10:218. [PMID: 20649961 PMCID: PMC2918608 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2334-10-218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2009] [Accepted: 07/22/2010] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rotavirus is the major cause of acute gastroenteritis and severe dehydrating diarrhea in young children. METHODS To estimate the proportion of hospital admissions for rotavirus acute gastroenteritis and identify the circulating G and P genotypes among children under five years of age, we conducted a prospective observational study from January to December 2008, recruiting children consecutively admitted to six hospitals in Milan and nearby towns in northern Italy. Typing was done on stool samples by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction amplification. RESULTS Of the 521 stool samples from children with acute gastroenteritis, 34.9% (95%CI, 30.8 to 39.2%) were rotavirus-positive. Two thirds (67.6%) were under two years of age, and 13.2% were under six months. The predominant G type was G1 (40.7%), followed by G9 (22.5%), G2 (13.2%), G3 (5.5%), G4 (3.8%) and G10 (1.6%). Twenty-one (11.7%) mixed-G infections were identified: G1+G10 (8.8%); G1+G9 (1.6%); and G2+G10 (1.2%). Only P[8] (67.6%) and P[4] (12.6%) types were P genotyped. The predominant single G/P combination was G1P[8] (39.7%), followed by G9P[8] (25.3%), G2P[4] (14.3%), and G3P[8] (4.1%). All G-mixed types combined with P[8]. CONCLUSIONS These findings show an high prevalence of rotavirus infections among children admitted to hospital for acute gastroenteritis caused by different rotavirus strains circulating in the area studied.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fabio Meneghin
- Department of Paediatrics, Luigi Sacco Hospital, Università di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Dario Dilillo
- Department of Paediatrics, Luigi Sacco Hospital, Università di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Luisa Romanò
- Department of Public Health, Microbiology and Virology, Università di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberta Bottone
- Department of Paediatrics, "Guido Salvini" Hospital, Garbagnate Milanese, Italy
| | - Cecilia Mantegazza
- Department of Paediatrics, Luigi Sacco Hospital, Università di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Giacchino
- Department of Paediatrics, "Guido Salvini" Hospital, Garbagnate Milanese, Italy
| | - Roberto Besana
- Department of Paediatrics, Ospedale di Desio, Desio, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Ricciardi
- Department of Paediatrics, Ospedale di Sesto San Giovanni, Sesto San Giovanni, Italy
| | - Andrea Sterpa
- Department of Paediatrics, Ospedale di Carate Brianza, Carate Brianza, Italy
| | - Nicola Altamura
- Department of Paediatrics, Ospedale di Sesto San Giovanni, Sesto San Giovanni, Italy
| | | | - Giovanni Montrasio
- Department of Paediatrics, Ospedale Provinciale di Saronno, Saronno, Italy
| | - Luigi Macchi
- Unit for Prevention, Hygiene and Infectious Diseases of the Health's General Office of Lombardy Region, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Pavan
- Unit for Prevention, Hygiene and Infectious Diseases of the Health's General Office of Lombardy Region, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Paladini
- Department of Public Health, Microbiology and Virology, Università di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Zanetti
- Department of Public Health, Microbiology and Virology, Università di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Radaelli
- Department of Paediatrics and Unit of Medical Statistics, Università di Milano, San Paolo Hospital, Milan, Italy
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Matthijnssens J, Bilcke J, Ciarlet M, Martella V, Bányai K, Rahman M, Zeller M, Beutels P, Van Damme P, Van Ranst M. Rotavirus disease and vaccination: impact on genotype diversity. Future Microbiol 2010; 4:1303-16. [PMID: 19995190 DOI: 10.2217/fmb.09.96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 256] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Temporal and spatial fluctuations in the genotype distribution of human rotaviruses are continuously observed in surveillance studies. New genotypes, such as G9 and G12, have emerged and spread worldwide in a very short time span. In addition, reassortment events have the potential to contribute substantially to genetic diversity among human and animal rotaviruses. With the recent introduction of the two rotavirus vaccines, RotaTeq and Rotarix, in many countries, it appears that the total number of hospitalizations due to rotavirus infections is being reduced, at least in developed countries that implemented a universal immunization program. However, continued surveillance is warranted, especially regarding the long-term effects of the vaccines. No data analyses are available to clarify whether rotavirus vaccine introduction would allow other rotavirus P and G genotypes, which are not covered by the current vaccines, to emerge into the human population and fill the apparent gap. This kind of data analysis is essential, but its interpretation is hampered by natural and cyclical genotype fluctuations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelle Matthijnssens
- Laboratory of Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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Wu F, Liang S, Tsao K, Huang C, Lin C, Lin J, Su C, Eng H, Yang J, Chen P, Yang C. Hospital-based surveillance and molecular epidemiology of rotavirus infection in Taiwan, 2005–2007. Vaccine 2009; 27 Suppl 5:F50-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.08.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Li DD, Liu N, Yu JM, Zhang Q, Cui SX, Zhang DL, Yang SH, Cao DJ, Xu ZQ, Duan ZJ. Molecular epidemiology of G9 rotavirus strains in children with diarrhoea hospitalized in Mainland China from January 2006 to December 2007. Vaccine 2009; 27 Suppl 5:F40-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.08.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Samajdar S, Ghosh S, Chawla-Sarkar M, Mitra U, Dutta P, Kobayashi N, Naik TN. Increase in prevalence of human group A rotavirus G9 strains as an important VP7 genotype among children in eastern India. J Clin Virol 2008; 43:334-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2008.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2008] [Revised: 06/17/2008] [Accepted: 07/15/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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12
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Yang XL, Matthijnssens J, Sun H, Muhamaiti J, Zhang B, Nahar S, Van Ranst M, Rahman M. Temporal changes of rotavirus strain distribution in a city in the northwest of China, 1996–2005. Int J Infect Dis 2008; 12:e11-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2008.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2007] [Revised: 02/29/2008] [Accepted: 03/13/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Rahman M, Yang XL, Sun H, Mahzebin K, Verstappen NW, Novo L, Matthijnssens J, Van Ranst M. Emerging G9 rotavirus strains in the northwest of China. Virus Res 2008; 137:157-62. [PMID: 18674575 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2008.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2008] [Revised: 06/24/2008] [Accepted: 07/03/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Although G9 rotaviruses have become one of the important rotavirus genotypes worldwide, they have been uncommon in China. Recently, we reported G9 rotaviruses as a highly prevalent genotype in Xinjiang, the northwest part of China [Yang, X., Matthijnssens, J., Sun, H., Muhamaiti, J., Zhang, B., Nahar, S., Van Ranst, M., Rahman, M., 2008. Temporal changes of rotavirus strain distribution in a northwest city of China, 1996-2005. Int. J. Infect. Dis., June (Epub ahead of print)]. Here we report the genetic variations of the Xinjiang-G9 rotaviruses isolated between 1999 and 2005. Sequence analysis of the VP7 genes of Xinjiang-G9 strains indicated that they were more closely related to the contemporary global G9 strains than to the prototype Chinese G9 strains. However, their VP4 genes were most similar to those from the locally circulating G1P[8], G2P[4], G3P[6] and G3P[8] strains. This indicates that reassortment rather than antigenic drift might be the preferred evolutionary mechanism for the emergence of the G9 rotaviruses in Xinjiang. These findings will be of major significance for understanding the emergence of newly introduced rotavirus strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafizur Rahman
- Laboratory of Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Rega Institute, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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Determination of human rotavirus VP6 genogroups I and II by reverse transcription-PCR. J Clin Microbiol 2008; 46:3330-7. [PMID: 18667595 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00432-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Based on nucleotide sequence and phylogenetic analysis of the partial VP6 genes, group A rotaviruses can be mainly differentiated into two genogroups. In this study, a method employing reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) and degenerate primers was established to assign the VP6 genogroup. VP6 genogroup I and genogroup II could be determined according to the sizes of the amplicons: 380 and 780 bp, respectively. The VP6 genogroup of human reference strains of G1 to G4 and G9 types and RotaTeq vaccine strains could be properly assigned by RT-PCR. Eighty rotavirus-positive fecal samples were subjected to enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), RT-PCR, and sequencing of the partial VP6 gene for subgroup and genogroup determination. The results correlated well among these three methods, except for seven samples whose subgroups could not be determined by ELISA. VP6 genogroups of another 150 rotavirus strains recovered between 1981 and 2005 were determined by RT-PCR and sequencing, and the same results were obtained by these two methods. Furthermore, an additional 524 rotavirus-positive fecal samples were tested by RT-PCR, and the VP6 genogroups could be easily determined. The RT-PCR assay developed here provided a reliable and convenient method for assigning the VP6 genogroups of human rotaviruses with a wide range of genetic variation.
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Full genomic analysis of human rotavirus strain TB-Chen isolated in China. Virology 2008; 375:361-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2008.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2007] [Revised: 12/05/2007] [Accepted: 01/03/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Sequence and phylogenetic analysis of the VP4 gene of human rotaviruses isolated in Paraguay. Arch Virol 2008; 153:1067-73. [DOI: 10.1007/s00705-008-0096-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2007] [Accepted: 03/18/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Rodrigues F, Iturriza M, Gray J, Januário L, Lemos L. Epidemiology of rotavirus in Portugal: G9 as a major cause of diarrhoea in non-hospitalised children. J Clin Virol 2007; 40:214-7. [PMID: 17875400 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2007.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2007] [Revised: 08/03/2007] [Accepted: 08/07/2007] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rotavirus is a major cause of gastroenteritis in children worldwide, but there is no data available on the incidence of rotavirus gastroenteritis or on the strains circulating in Portugal. METHODS We determined prospectively the incidence of rotavirus infection in non-hospitalised children and the genotypes circulating during one winter season in the central region of Portugal. RESULTS Rotavirus was found in 45% of the samples tested. The peak incidence was in February (54% positive) and March (60% positive). Genotyping was performed in 195 samples; unexpectedly, G9P[8] was present in 90% of the cases, a much higher percentage than previously reported in other countries. CONCLUSIONS These results contribute to the assessment of the burden of disease attributable to rotavirus in Portugal and facilitate preparation for intervention by vaccination. The predominance of G9 in Portugal is unlikely to be a local phenomenon, and may be observed elsewhere in Portugal and Europe. The epidemiology of rotaviruses in Portugal should be monitored in subsequent years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Rodrigues
- Hospital Pediátrico de Coimbra, Av. Bissaya Barreto, 3000 075 Coimbra, Portugal. frodrigues@
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Tcheremenskaia O, Marucci G, De Petris S, Ruggeri FM, Dovecar D, Sternak SL, Matyasova I, Dhimolea MK, Mladenova Z, Fiore L. Molecular epidemiology of rotavirus in Central and Southeastern Europe. J Clin Microbiol 2007; 45:2197-204. [PMID: 17507520 PMCID: PMC1933006 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00484-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A surveillance network was implemented by the Istituto Superiore di Sanità of Rome in collaboration with laboratories of virology in Czech Republic, Slovenia, Croatia, Albania, and Bulgaria. About 1,500 rotavirus-positive stool samples were collected from children with severe gastroenteritis admitted to hospitals or outpatient wards between 2004 and 2006. The G and P genotypes were determined by reverse transcription-nested PCR. Significant differences were found in the geographical distributions of rotavirus genotypes between countries participating in the study. The prevalence of "common" G/P combinations, G1P[8], G3P[8], G4P[8], and G2P[4], ranged between 50 and 85%. The G9 genotype, which is emerging worldwide, was identified in 2 to 35% of all samples depending on the country. Unusual combinations, such as G1 or G4 associated with P[4] or G2 with P[8], which may have arisen by reassortment between human strains, were found in samples from 3 to 20% of patients. The uncommon genotypes G8P[8] and G10P[6], which may have an animal origin, were also identified. Double infections with two rotavirus strains were observed in between 1.7 and 14% of cases studied. Our findings might implicate challenges for rotavirus vaccine implementation in a wide geographic area of the Balkans and Central-Eastern Europe and underscore the importance of extensive strain surveillance for success in vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Tcheremenskaia
- Department MIPI, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena, 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
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