1
|
Ramachandran K, Sethuraman N, Yuvaraj G, Chokkalingam V. Mycoplasma salivarium in a Retropharyngeal abscess - nidus in a niche! Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2024; 110:116416. [PMID: 38943820 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2024.116416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
Retropharyngeal abscess (RPA) is considered one of the life threatening conditions which can present either as dysphagia or dyspnoea. Timely management for the airway obstruction along with etiology identification plays a pivotal role in saving a patient's life. Here we present a case of RPA due to a rare pathogen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Krithiga Ramachandran
- Department of Microbiology, Apollo Main Hospital, Greams Road, Chennai 600006, India
| | - Nandini Sethuraman
- Department of Microbiology, Apollo Main Hospital, Greams Road, Chennai 600006, India.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Morioka H, Kaida H, Nishio M, Suga K. Peritonsillar abscess caused by Mycoplasma hominis and Fusobacterium necrophorum following oral sex. Auris Nasus Larynx 2024; 51:320-322. [PMID: 38042699 DOI: 10.1016/j.anl.2023.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
Mycoplasma hominis is a bacterium that colonizes the genital tract of some females and males, as well as their respiratory tracts. Although only two cases of deep neck infection have been reported, the associations between the onset and sexual intercourse have not been reported. A healthy 19-year-old female was diagnosed with a left peritonsillar abscess. The patient had sexual intercourse with a new partner, including oral sex, two days prior to symptom onset. It was not known whether the male partner had urethritis symptoms. M. hominis and Fusobacterium necrophorum were isolated from the abscess culture. The patient's condition improved after drainage, and sulbactam ampicillin was switched to oral clindamycin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Morioka
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nagoya University Hospital; Infection Control Team, Komaki City Hospital.
| | - Hideyuki Kaida
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Komaki City Hospital
| | - Mitsuru Nishio
- Infection Control Team, Komaki City Hospital; Department of Clinical Laboratory, Komaki City Hospital Komaki
| | - Kenji Suga
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Komaki City Hospital
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Mycoplasmas-Host Interaction: Mechanisms of Inflammation and Association with Cellular Transformation. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8091351. [PMID: 32899663 PMCID: PMC7565387 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8091351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasmas are the smallest and simplest self-replicating prokaryotes. Located everywhere in nature, they are widespread as parasites of humans, mammals, reptiles, fish, arthropods, and plants. They usually exhibiting organ and tissue specificity. Mycoplasmas belong to the class named Mollicutes (mollis = soft and cutis = skin, in Latin), and their small size and absence of a cell wall contribute to distinguish them from other bacteria. Mycoplasma species are found both outside the cells as membrane surface parasites and inside the cells, where they become intracellular residents as "silent parasites". In humans, some Mycoplasma species are found as commensal inhabitants, while others have a significant impact on the cellular metabolism and physiology. Mollicutes lack typical bacterial PAMPs (e.g., lipoteichoic acid, flagellin, and some lipopolysaccharides) and consequently the exact molecular mechanisms of Mycoplasmas' recognition by the cells of the immune system is the subjects of several researches for its pathogenic implications. It is well known that several strains of Mycoplasma suppress the transcriptional activity of p53, resulting in reduced apoptosis of damaged cells. In addition, some Mycoplasmas were reported to have oncogenic potential since they demonstrated not just accumulation of abnormalities but also phenotypic changes of the cells. Aim of this review is to provide an update of the current literature that implicates Mycoplasmas in triggering inflammation and altering critical cellular pathways, thus providing a better insight into potential mechanisms of cellular transformation.
Collapse
|
4
|
Bondy L, Hynes B, Christner R. An unusual cervical mass. JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION OF MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASE CANADA = JOURNAL OFFICIEL DE L'ASSOCIATION POUR LA MICROBIOLOGIE MEDICALE ET L'INFECTIOLOGIE CANADA 2019; 4:113-115. [PMID: 36337738 PMCID: PMC9602954 DOI: 10.3138/jammi.2018-0042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Head and neck masses are usually indicative of infectious, neoplastic, or congenital entities. Most head and neck masses are related to local or regional disease, although systemic neoplastic disease can present in the cervical area. We present an interesting case report of a young woman with a neck mass caused by an organism most commonly associated with sexually transmitted infections, and not with the more common causes of cervical head and neck masses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lise Bondy
- Division of Infectious Diseases, St. Joseph’s Hospital, London, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Mori N, Takigawa A, Kagawa N, Kenri T, Yoshida S, Shibayama K, Aoki Y. Pelvic abscess due to Mycoplasma hominis following caesarean section. JMM Case Rep 2016; 3:e005059. [PMID: 28348780 PMCID: PMC5330248 DOI: 10.1099/jmmcr.0.005059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Mycoplasma hominis is associated with genito-urinary tract infection and adverse pregnancy outcomes. However, whether the species is a true pathogen or part of the genito-urinary tracts natural flora remains unclear. Case presentation: A 41-year-old pregnant woman was admitted to our hospital at 38 weeks and 5 days of gestation owing to premature rupture of the membranes. The patient delivered by caesarean section. Subsequently, the patient complained of lower abdominal pain and had persistent fever. Enhanced computed tomography revealed pelvic abscesses. Gram staining of pus from the abscess and vaginal secretions indicated presence of polymorphonuclear leucocytes but no pathogens. Cultures on blood agar showed growth of pinpoint-sized colonies in an anaerobic environment within 48 h. Although administration of carbapenem and metronidazole was ineffective and we could not fully drain the abscess, administration of clindamycin led to clinical improvement. The isolates 16S rRNA gene and yidC gene sequences exhibited identity with those of M. hominis. Conclusion: Physicians should consider M. hominis in cases of pelvic abscesses where Gram staining yields negative results, small colonies are isolated from the abscess and treatment with β-lactam antibiotics is ineffective.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nobuaki Mori
- Department of General Internal Medicine, National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center, 2-5-1 Higashigaoka, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8902, Japan
| | - Aya Takigawa
- Department of Gynecology Medicine, National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center, 2-5-1 Higashigaoka, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8902, Japan
| | - Narito Kagawa
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center, 2-5-1 Higashigaoka, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8902, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Kenri
- Department of Bacteriology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 4-7-1 Gakuen, Musashimurayama-shi, Tokyo 208-0011, Japan
| | - Shinji Yoshida
- Department of General Internal Medicine, National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center, 2-5-1 Higashigaoka, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8902, Japan
| | - Keigo Shibayama
- Department of Bacteriology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 4-7-1 Gakuen, Musashimurayama-shi, Tokyo 208-0011, Japan
| | - Yasuko Aoki
- Department of General Internal Medicine, National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center, 2-5-1 Higashigaoka, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8902, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Burmistrova DA, Tillib SV, Shcheblyakov DV, Dolzhikova IV, Shcherbinin DN, Zubkova OV, Ivanova TI, Tukhvatulin AI, Shmarov MM, Logunov DY, Naroditsky BS, Gintsburg AL. Genetic Passive Immunization with Adenoviral Vector Expressing Chimeric Nanobody-Fc Molecules as Therapy for Genital Infection Caused by Mycoplasma hominis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0150958. [PMID: 26962869 PMCID: PMC4786110 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0150958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Developing pathogen-specific recombinant antibody fragments (especially nanobodies) is a very promising strategy for the treatment of infectious disease. Nanobodies have great potential for gene therapy application due to their single-gene nature. Historically, Mycoplasma hominis has not been considered pathogenic bacteria due to the lack of acute infection and partially due to multiple studies demonstrating high frequency of isolation of M. hominis samples from asymptomatic patients. However, recent studies on the role of latent M. hominis infection in oncologic transformation, especially prostate cancer, and reports that M. hominis infects Trichomonas and confers antibiotic resistance to Trichomonas, have generated new interest in this field. In the present study we have generated specific nanobody against M. hominis (aMh), for which the identified target is the ABC-transporter substrate-binding protein. aMh exhibits specific antibacterial action against M. hominis. In an attempt to improve the therapeutic properties, we have developed the adenoviral vector-based gene therapy approach for passive immunization with nanobodies against M. hominis. For better penetration into the mucous layer of the genital tract, we fused aMh with the Fc-fragment of IgG. Application of this comprehensive approach with a single systemic administration of recombinant adenovirus expressing aMh-Fc demonstrated both prophylactic and therapeutic effects in a mouse model of genital M. hominis infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daria A. Burmistrova
- Department of Immunobiotechnology, Gamaleya Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Moscow, Russia
- * E-mail: (D. Shcheblyakov); (DB)
| | - Sergey V. Tillib
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Institute of Gene Biology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry V. Shcheblyakov
- Department of Immunobiotechnology, Gamaleya Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Moscow, Russia
- * E-mail: (D. Shcheblyakov); (DB)
| | - Inna V. Dolzhikova
- Department of Cellular Microbiology, Gamaleya Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry N. Shcherbinin
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Gamaleya Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga V. Zubkova
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Gamaleya Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatiana I. Ivanova
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Institute of Gene Biology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Amir I. Tukhvatulin
- Department of Cellular Microbiology, Gamaleya Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Maxim M. Shmarov
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Gamaleya Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Denis Y. Logunov
- Department of Cellular Microbiology, Gamaleya Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Boris S. Naroditsky
- Department of Immunobiotechnology, Gamaleya Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Moscow, Russia
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Mycoplasma hominis Induces Mediastinitis after a Tonsillar Abscess. Case Rep Infect Dis 2016; 2016:9531715. [PMID: 27957362 PMCID: PMC5121441 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9531715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2016] [Revised: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasma hominis is commonly involved in genitourinary tract infections. We report a 59-year-old man who developed a M. hominis-associated mediastinitis following acute tonsillar infection.
Collapse
|
8
|
Young H, Henao-Martínez AF, Miller A, Wilson M, Price CS. Cluster or coincidence? An unusual cause of surgical site infections in adult trauma patients. Am J Infect Control 2012. [PMID: 23199728 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajic.2012.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Mycoplasma hominis is a bacteria that colonizes and infects the genitourinary tract; extragenital infections are not common. Three surgical site infections because of M hominis in immunocompetent adult trauma patients were detected at our facility in a 6-month time period. We investigated this case series and hypothesize transmission based on common exposures.
Collapse
|
9
|
Li L, Shen W, Zhang K, Tang X, Guo N, Shen F, Xing M, Liua L, Yuan P, Shi Q, Liang J, Yu L. In-vitro Antimycoplasmal Activity of Triclosan in Combination with Fluoroquinolones against Five mycoplasma Species. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH : IJPR 2012; 11:1111-9. [PMID: 24250544 PMCID: PMC3813145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Mycoplasmosis caused by mycoplasma has immensely reduced the performance of commercial animal husbandry, along with prevalence and increase of drug resistance in mycoplasma, thus new agents and therapies are urgently needed. Triclosan is a broad spectrum antimicrobial agent with a favorable safety profile. In the present study, we tested the antimycoplasmal activity of triclosan alone, as well as the in-vitro interaction of triclosan and the fluoroquinolones, gatifloxacin (GAT), moxifloxacin (MXF), levofloxacin (LVX), sparfloxacin (SPX), ciprofloxacin (CIP), enrofloxacin (EFX), and norfloxacin (NOR), against five mycoplasma species. This study demonstrated that triclosan had antimycoplasmal activity against both fluoroquinolones-sensitive species and a fluoroquinolones-resistant species isolated from clinic, with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 16.0-64.0 μg/mL and 64.0 μg/ mL, respectively. A synergistic antimycoplasmal effect between triclosan and GAT, MFX or EFX against the five mycoplasma species was observed, with modulation factors (MFs) of 4-8, 4-16, 8-32, respectively, and fractional inhibitory concentration indexes (FICIs) of 0.375- 0.500, 0.350-0.500, 0.281-0.375, respectively. The combination of triclosan with LVX, SPX, CIP or NOR displayed either synergistic activity or indifference against the same mycoplasma species with MFs of 2-64, 4-16, 2-16, 2-64, respectively, while FICI values range from 0.516- 0.750, 0.500-0.625, 0.306-0.750, and 0.615-0.750, respectively. No antagonism was observed for any drug combination against any of the species tested. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report that triclosan has synergistic activity with fluoroquinolones against mycoplasma species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Li
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China.
| | - Weimin Shen
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China.
| | - Kaiyu Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, P.R. China.
| | - Xudong Tang
- Key Lab for New Drug Research of TCM, Research Institute of Tsinghua University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518057, P.R. China.
| | - Na Guo
- Department of Food Quality and Safety, College of Quartermaster Technology, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China.
| | - Fengge Shen
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China.
| | - Mingxun Xing
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China.
| | | | - Peng Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China.
| | - Qiyun Shi
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China.
| | - Junchao Liang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China.
| | - Lu Yu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China. ,State Key Laboratory for Molecular Virology and Genetic Engineering, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100176, China. ,Corresponding author: E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|