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Figueiredo AS, de Moraes MVDS, Soares CC, Chalhoub FLL, de Filippis AMB, Dos Santos DRL, de Almeida FQ, Godoi TLOS, de Souza AM, Burdman TR, de Lemos ERS, Dos Reis JKP, Cruz OG, Pinto MA. First description of Theiler's disease-associated virus infection and epidemiological investigation of equine pegivirus and equine hepacivirus coinfection in Brazil. Transbound Emerg Dis 2019; 66:1737-1751. [PMID: 31017727 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in the study of equine pegivirus (EPgV), Theiler's disease-associated virus (TDAV) and equine hepacivirus (EqHV) highlight their importance to veterinary and human health. To gain some insight into virus distribution, possible risk factors, presence of liver damage and genetic variability of these viruses in Brazil, we performed a cross-sectional study of EPgV and TDAV infections using a simultaneous detection assay, and assessed EqHV coinfection in different horse cohorts. Of the 500 serum samples screened, TDAV, EPgV and EPgV-EqHV were present in 1.6%, 14.2% and 18.3%, respectively. EPgV-positive horses were present in four Brazilian states: Espírito Santo, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais and Rio de Janeiro. Serum biochemical alterations were present in 40.4% of EPgV-infected horses, two of them presenting current liver injury. Chance of infection was 2.7 times higher in horses ≤5 years old (p = 0.0008) and 4.9 times higher in horses raised under intensive production systems (p = 0.0009). EPgV-EqHV coinfection was 75% less likely in horses older than 5 years comparatively to those with ≤5 years old (p = 0.047). TDAV-positive animals were detected in different horse categories without biochemical alteration. Nucleotide sequences were highly conserved among isolates from this study and previous field and commercial product isolates (≥88% identity). Tree topology revealed the formation of two clades (pp = 1) for both EPgV and TDAV NS3 partial sequences. In conclusion, the widespread presence of EPgV-RNA suggests an enzootic infection with subclinical viremia in Brazil. Horse management can influence virus spread. This first report of TDAV-infected horses outside the USA reveals the existence of subclinical viremic horses in distant geographical regions. EPgV and TDAV have similar circulating isolates worldwide. These findings contribute to global efforts to understand the epidemiology and pathogenesis of these equine viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreza Soriano Figueiredo
- Laboratório de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico em Virologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Tatianne Leme Oliveira Santos Godoi
- Coordenação de Produção Integrada ao Ensino, Pesquisa e Extensão, Reitoria, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Aline Moreira de Souza
- Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica e Diagnóstico Molecular Professor Marcílio Dias do Nascimento, Departamento de Patologia e Clínica Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Tatiana Rozental Burdman
- Laboratório de Hantaviroses e Rickettsioses, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Marcelo Alves Pinto
- Laboratório de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico em Virologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Neto MF, Butzler MA, Reed JL, Rui X, Fisher MJ, Kelso DM, McFall SM. Immiscible phase filter extraction and equivalent amplification of genotypes 1-6 of hepatitis C RNA: The building blocks for point-of-care diagnosis. J Virol Methods 2017; 248:107-115. [PMID: 28673855 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2017.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The lack of hepatitis C virus (HCV) diagnostic tests designed for use in decentralized settings is a major obstacle for providing access to treatment and prevention services particularly in low and middle income countries. Here we describe the development and validation of two building blocks of the HCV Quant Assay, a test in development for point-of-care use: 1) an RT-qPCR assay with noncompetitive internal control that equivalently detects the 6 major HCV genotypes and 2) an automated sample prep method using immiscible phase filter technology. This novel assay has wide dynamic range of HCV quantification and a limit of detection of 30IU/ml with 200μl specimen volume. In a preliminary study of 61 clinical specimens, the HCV Quant Assay demonstrated 100% sensitivity and specificity and gave comparable viral load results across 4 logs of IU/ml when compared to the Abbott RealTime HCV Assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mário F Neto
- Center for Innovation in Global Health Technologies, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA; University of Illinois Incubator Lab Facility, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Matthew A Butzler
- Center for Innovation in Global Health Technologies, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Jennifer L Reed
- Center for Innovation in Global Health Technologies, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Xiang Rui
- Center for Innovation in Global Health Technologies, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Mark J Fisher
- Center for Innovation in Global Health Technologies, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - David M Kelso
- Center for Innovation in Global Health Technologies, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Sally M McFall
- Center for Innovation in Global Health Technologies, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
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