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Badruzzaman ATM, Cheng YC, Sung WC, Lee MS. Insect Cell-Based Quadrivalent Seasonal Influenza Virus-like Particles Vaccine Elicits Potent Immune Responses in Mice. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:667. [PMID: 38932396 PMCID: PMC11209530 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12060667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Influenza viruses can cause highly infectious respiratory diseases, posing noteworthy epidemic and pandemic threats. Vaccination is the most cost-effective intervention to prevent influenza and its complications. However, reliance on embryonic chicken eggs for commercial influenza vaccine production presents potential risks, including reductions in efficacy due to HA gene mutations and supply delays due to scalability challenges. Thus, alternative platforms are needed urgently to replace egg-based methods and efficiently meet the increasing demand for vaccines. In this study, we employed a baculovirus expression vector system to engineer HA, NA, and M1 genes from seasonal influenza strains A/H1N1, A/H3N2, B/Yamagata, and B/Victoria, generating virus-like particle (VLP) vaccine antigens, H1N1-VLP, H3N2-VLP, Yamagata-VLP, and Victoria-VLP. We then assessed their functional and antigenic characteristics, including hemagglutination assay, protein composition, morphology, stability, and immunogenicity. We found that recombinant VLPs displayed functional activity, resembling influenza virions in morphology and size while maintaining structural integrity. Comparative immunogenicity assessments in mice showed that our quadrivalent VLPs were consistent in inducing hemagglutination inhibition and neutralizing antibody titers against homologous viruses compared to both commercial recombinant HA and egg-based vaccines (Vaxigrip). The findings highlight insect cell-based VLP vaccines as promising candidates for quadrivalent seasonal influenza vaccines. Further studies are worth conducting.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. T. M. Badruzzaman
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes (NHRI), 35 Keyan Road, Zhunan 350, Taiwan; (A.T.M.B.); (Y.-C.C.); (W.-C.S.)
- Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Zhongli District, Taoyuan 320, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chieh Cheng
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes (NHRI), 35 Keyan Road, Zhunan 350, Taiwan; (A.T.M.B.); (Y.-C.C.); (W.-C.S.)
| | - Wang-Chou Sung
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes (NHRI), 35 Keyan Road, Zhunan 350, Taiwan; (A.T.M.B.); (Y.-C.C.); (W.-C.S.)
| | - Min-Shi Lee
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes (NHRI), 35 Keyan Road, Zhunan 350, Taiwan; (A.T.M.B.); (Y.-C.C.); (W.-C.S.)
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2
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Laszlofy C, Fazekas G, Barath Z, Vajo Z. Evaluation of Vaccine Immunogenicity-Correlates to Real-World Protection: Influenza. Viruses 2024; 16:441. [PMID: 38543806 PMCID: PMC10975834 DOI: 10.3390/v16030441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent events highlighted that, despite decades of studying vaccine immunogenicity and efforts toward finding correlates of protection, evaluating real-world vaccine efficacy as well as establishing meaningful licensing criteria still represents a significant challenge. In this paper, we review all aspects of influenza vaccine immunogenicity, including animal and human challenge studies, humoral and cellular immunity parameters, and their potential correlation with real-life protection from disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Csaba Laszlofy
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary; (C.L.); (Z.B.)
| | | | - Zoltan Barath
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary; (C.L.); (Z.B.)
| | - Zoltan Vajo
- Department of Family Medicine, Semmelweis University Medical School, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
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3
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Timoshicheva TA, Amosova IV, Grudinin MP. The Diagnostic Potential of Monoclonal Antibodies to Adenovirus. APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683822070079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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4
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Muralidharan A, Gravel C, Harris G, Hashem AM, Zhang W, Safronetz D, Van Domselaar G, Krammer F, Sauve S, Rosu-Myles M, Wang L, Chen W, Li X. Universal antibody targeting the highly conserved fusion peptide provides cross-protection in mice. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2022; 18:2083428. [PMID: 35724343 PMCID: PMC9621047 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2022.2083428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza is a major public health concern causing millions of hospitalizations every year. The current vaccines need annual updating based on prediction of likely strains in the upcoming season. However, mismatches between vaccines and the actual circulating viruses can occur, reducing vaccine effectiveness significantly because of the remarkably high rate of mutation in the viral glycoprotein, hemagglutinin (HA). Clearly, it would be of great interest to determine the potential role of universally conserved epitopes in inducing protective immunity. Here, an antibody against the 14-aa fusion peptide sequence at the N-terminus of the HA2 subunit (Uni-1) was investigated for its ability to elicit antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) in vitro and cross-protection against lethal infection in animals. Uni-1, known to neutralize influenza type A (IAV) in vitro, was found to induce strong ADCC against diverse influenza viruses, including human and avian IAVs and both lineages of type B (IBV). The ADCC effects against human IAVs by Uni-1 was comparable to ADCC induced by well-characterized antibodies, F10 and FI6V3. Importantly, mice treated with Uni-1 were protected against lethal challenge of IAV and IBV. These results revealed the versatile effector functions of this universal antibody against markedly diverse strains of both IAV and IBV. The fusion peptide is the only universally conserved epitope in both IAV and IBV Mono-specific universal antibody induces strong ADCC against human and avian IAV Mono-specific universal antibody induces strong ADCC against IBV from both genetic lineages of IBV The antibody has bi-functional effector functions against several influenza viruses
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Affiliation(s)
- Abenaya Muralidharan
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.,Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Caroline Gravel
- Centre for Biologics Evaluation, Biologic and Radiopharmaceutical Drugs Directorate, HPFB, Health Canada and WHO Collaborating Center for Standardization and Evaluation of Biologicals, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Greg Harris
- Human Health Therapeutics (HHT) Research Center, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Anwar M Hashem
- Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wanyue Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.,Centre for Biologics Evaluation, Biologic and Radiopharmaceutical Drugs Directorate, HPFB, Health Canada and WHO Collaborating Center for Standardization and Evaluation of Biologicals, Ottawa, Canada
| | - David Safronetz
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Gary Van Domselaar
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Florian Krammer
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Simon Sauve
- Centre for Biologics Evaluation, Biologic and Radiopharmaceutical Drugs Directorate, HPFB, Health Canada and WHO Collaborating Center for Standardization and Evaluation of Biologicals, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Michael Rosu-Myles
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.,Centre for Biologics Evaluation, Biologic and Radiopharmaceutical Drugs Directorate, HPFB, Health Canada and WHO Collaborating Center for Standardization and Evaluation of Biologicals, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Lisheng Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Wangxue Chen
- Human Health Therapeutics (HHT) Research Center, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Xuguang Li
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.,Centre for Biologics Evaluation, Biologic and Radiopharmaceutical Drugs Directorate, HPFB, Health Canada and WHO Collaborating Center for Standardization and Evaluation of Biologicals, Ottawa, Canada
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Kumar D, Ison MG, Mira JP, Welte T, Hwan Ha J, Hui DS, Zhong N, Saito T, Katugampola L, Collinson N, Williams S, Wildum S, Ackrill A, Clinch B, Lee N. Combining baloxavir marboxil with standard-of-care neuraminidase inhibitor in patients hospitalised with severe influenza (FLAGSTONE): a randomised, parallel-group, double-blind, placebo-controlled, superiority trial. THE LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2022; 22:718-730. [DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(21)00469-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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6
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Chanthavanich P, Versage E, Van Twuijver E, Hohenboken M. Antibody responses against heterologous A/H5N1 strains for an MF59-adjuvanted cell culture-derived A/H5N1 (aH5N1c) influenza vaccine in healthy pediatric subjects. Vaccine 2021; 39:6930-6935. [PMID: 34711436 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vaccines are the main prophylactic measure against pandemic influenza. Adjuvanted, cell culture-derived vaccines, which are not subject to limitations of egg-based vaccine production, have the potential to elicit an antibody response against heterologous strains and may be beneficial in the event of an A/H5N1 pandemic. METHODS A prespecified exploratory analysis of data from a phase 2, randomized, controlled, observer-blind multicenter trial (NCT01776554) to evaluate the immunogenicity of a MF59-adjuvanted, cell culture-based A/H5N1 influenza vaccine (aH5N1c), containing 7.5 µg hemagglutinin antigen per dose, in subjects 6 months through 17 years of age was conducted. Geometric mean titers (GMT) were determined using hemagglutination inhibition (HI) and microneutralization (MN) assays, and proportions of patients achieving seroconversion, HI and MN titers ≥ 1:40, and a 4-fold increase in MN titers against 5 heterologous strains (influenza A/H5N1 Anhui/2005, Egypt/2010, Hubei/2010, Indonesia/2005, and Vietnam/1203/2004) three weeks after administration of the second dose were assessed. RESULTS After the second dose, HI GMTs against heterologous strains increased between 8- and 40-fold, and MN GMTs increased 13- to 160-fold on Day 43 vs Day 1. On Day 43, 32-72% of subjects had HI titers ≥ 1:40 and achieved seroconversion against the heterologous strains. Using the MN assay, 84-100% of subjects had MN titers ≥ 1:40 and 83-100% achieved an at least 4-fold increase in MN titers against the heterologous strains. The highest responses were consistently against A/H5N1 Egypt/2010. CONCLUSIONS When given to children aged 6 months through 17 years, aH5N1c resulted in increased immunogenicity from baseline against all 5 heterologous A/H5N1 strains tested, demonstrating the potential of an MF59-adjuvanted, cell-derived A/H5N1 vaccine to provide cross-protection against other A/H5N1 strains (NCT01776554).
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Affiliation(s)
- Pornthep Chanthavanich
- Department of Tropical Pediatrics, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Eve Versage
- Seqirus Inc., Clinical Development, Cambridge, USA
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7
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Broszeit F, van Beek RJ, Unione L, Bestebroer TM, Chapla D, Yang JY, Moremen KW, Herfst S, Fouchier RAM, de Vries RP, Boons GJ. Glycan remodeled erythrocytes facilitate antigenic characterization of recent A/H3N2 influenza viruses. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5449. [PMID: 34521834 PMCID: PMC8440751 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25713-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
During circulation in humans and natural selection to escape antibody recognition for decades, A/H3N2 influenza viruses emerged with altered receptor specificities. These viruses lost the ability to agglutinate erythrocytes critical for antigenic characterization and give low yields and acquire adaptive mutations when cultured in eggs and cells, contributing to recent vaccine challenges. Examination of receptor specificities of A/H3N2 viruses reveals that recent viruses compensated for decreased binding of the prototypic human receptor by recognizing α2,6-sialosides on extended LacNAc moieties. Erythrocyte glycomics shows an absence of extended glycans providing a rationale for lack of agglutination by recent A/H3N2 viruses. A glycan remodeling approach installing functional receptors on erythrocytes, allows antigenic characterization of recent A/H3N2 viruses confirming the cocirculation of antigenically different viruses in humans. Computational analysis of HAs in complex with sialosides having extended LacNAc moieties reveals that mutations distal to the RBD reoriented the Y159 side chain resulting in an extended receptor binding site.
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MESH Headings
- Antigens, Viral/chemistry
- Antigens, Viral/genetics
- Antigens, Viral/metabolism
- Binding Sites
- Carbohydrate Sequence
- Erythrocytes/metabolism
- Erythrocytes/virology
- Glycomics/methods
- Glycosides/chemistry
- Glycosides/metabolism
- Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests
- Hemagglutinins, Viral/chemistry
- Hemagglutinins, Viral/genetics
- Hemagglutinins, Viral/metabolism
- Host-Pathogen Interactions/genetics
- Humans
- Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype/genetics
- Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype/metabolism
- Influenza, Human/virology
- Microarray Analysis/methods
- Polysaccharides/chemistry
- Polysaccharides/metabolism
- Protein Binding
- Protein Conformation, alpha-Helical
- Protein Conformation, beta-Strand
- Protein Interaction Domains and Motifs
- Receptors, Virus/chemistry
- Receptors, Virus/genetics
- Receptors, Virus/metabolism
- Sialic Acids/chemistry
- Sialic Acids/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederik Broszeit
- Department of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584 CG, The Netherlands
| | - Rosanne J van Beek
- Department of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584 CG, The Netherlands
| | - Luca Unione
- Department of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584 CG, The Netherlands
| | - Theo M Bestebroer
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, P.O. Box 2040, Rotterdam, 3000 CA, The Netherlands
| | - Digantkumar Chapla
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Rd, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Jeong-Yeh Yang
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Rd, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Kelley W Moremen
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Rd, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Sander Herfst
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, P.O. Box 2040, Rotterdam, 3000 CA, The Netherlands
| | - Ron A M Fouchier
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, P.O. Box 2040, Rotterdam, 3000 CA, The Netherlands
| | - Robert P de Vries
- Department of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584 CG, The Netherlands.
| | - Geert-Jan Boons
- Department of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584 CG, The Netherlands.
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Rd, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.
- Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.
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8
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Mittal N, Sengupta N, Malladi SK, Reddy P, Bhat M, Rajmani RS, Sedeyn K, Saelens X, Dutta S, Varadarajan R. Protective Efficacy of Recombinant Influenza Hemagglutinin Ectodomain Fusions. Viruses 2021; 13:v13091710. [PMID: 34578291 PMCID: PMC8473191 DOI: 10.3390/v13091710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In current seasonal influenza vaccines, neutralizing antibody titers directed against the hemagglutinin surface protein are the primary correlate of protection. These vaccines are, therefore, quantitated in terms of their hemagglutinin content. Adding other influenza surface proteins, such as neuraminidase and M2e, to current quadrivalent influenza vaccines would likely enhance vaccine efficacy. However, this would come with increased manufacturing complexity and cost. To address this issue, as a proof of principle, we have designed genetic fusions of hemagglutinin ectodomains from H3 and H1 influenza A subtypes. These recombinant H1-H3 hemagglutinin ectodomain fusions could be transiently expressed at high yield in mammalian cell culture using Expi293F suspension cells. Fusions were trimeric, and as stable in solution as their individual trimeric counterparts. Furthermore, the H1-H3 fusion constructs were antigenically intact based on their reactivity with a set of conformation-specific monoclonal antibodies. H1-H3 hemagglutinin ectodomain fusion immunogens, when formulated with the MF59 equivalent adjuvant squalene-in-water emulsion (SWE), induced H1 and H3-specific humoral immune responses equivalent to those induced with an equimolar mixture of individually expressed H1 and H3 ectodomains. Mice immunized with these ectodomain fusions were protected against challenge with heterologous H1N1 (Bel/09) and H3N2 (X-31) mouse-adapted viruses with higher neutralizing antibody titers against the H1N1 virus. Use of such ectodomain-fused immunogens would reduce the number of components in a vaccine formulation and allow for the inclusion of other protective antigens to increase influenza vaccine efficacy.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/blood
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/immunology
- Antibodies, Viral/blood
- Antibodies, Viral/immunology
- Cross Protection/immunology
- Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/administration & dosage
- Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/genetics
- Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/immunology
- Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/genetics
- Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/immunology
- Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype/genetics
- Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype/immunology
- Influenza Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Influenza Vaccines/genetics
- Influenza Vaccines/immunology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Orthomyxoviridae Infections/immunology
- Orthomyxoviridae Infections/prevention & control
- Vaccine Efficacy
- Vaccines, Synthetic/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, Synthetic/genetics
- Vaccines, Synthetic/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Mittal
- Molecular Biophysics Unit (MBU), Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560012, India; (N.M.); (N.S.); (S.K.M.); (R.S.R.); (S.D.)
| | - Nayanika Sengupta
- Molecular Biophysics Unit (MBU), Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560012, India; (N.M.); (N.S.); (S.K.M.); (R.S.R.); (S.D.)
| | - Sameer Kumar Malladi
- Molecular Biophysics Unit (MBU), Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560012, India; (N.M.); (N.S.); (S.K.M.); (R.S.R.); (S.D.)
| | - Poorvi Reddy
- Mynvax Private Limited, ES12, Entrepreneurship Centre, SID, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560012, India; (P.R.); (M.B.)
| | - Madhuraj Bhat
- Mynvax Private Limited, ES12, Entrepreneurship Centre, SID, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560012, India; (P.R.); (M.B.)
| | - Raju S. Rajmani
- Molecular Biophysics Unit (MBU), Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560012, India; (N.M.); (N.S.); (S.K.M.); (R.S.R.); (S.D.)
| | - Koen Sedeyn
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; (K.S.); (X.S.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Xavier Saelens
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; (K.S.); (X.S.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Somnath Dutta
- Molecular Biophysics Unit (MBU), Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560012, India; (N.M.); (N.S.); (S.K.M.); (R.S.R.); (S.D.)
| | - Raghavan Varadarajan
- Molecular Biophysics Unit (MBU), Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560012, India; (N.M.); (N.S.); (S.K.M.); (R.S.R.); (S.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +91-80-22932612; Fax: +91-80-23600535
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Ravina, Manjeet, Mohan H, Narang J, Pundir S, Pundir CS. A changing trend in diagnostic methods of Influenza A (H3N2) virus in human: a review. 3 Biotech 2021; 11:87. [PMID: 33495723 PMCID: PMC7816835 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-021-02642-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The influenza virus is classified into four types A, B, C, and D, but type A and B are responsible for major illnesses in people with influenza A being the only virus responsible for flu pandemics due to the presence of two surface proteins called hemagglutinin (H) and neuraminidase (N) on the virus. The two subtypes of influenza A virus, H1N1 and H3N2, have been known to cause many flu pandemics. Both subtypes change genetically and antigenically to produce variants (clades and subclades, also know as groups and subgroups). H3N2 tends to change rapidly, both genetically and antigenically whereas that of H1N1 generally tends to have smaller changes. Influenza A (H3N2) viruses have evolved to form many separate, genetically different clades that continue to co-circulate. Influenza A(H3N2) viruses have caused significant deaths as per WHO report. The review describes methods for detection of influenza A(H3N2) viruses by conventional serological methods as well as the advanced methods of molecular biology and biosensors. All these methods are based on different parameters and have different targets but the goal is to improve specificity and increase sensitivity. Amongst the molecular methods, real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is considered a gold standard test due to its many advantages whereas a number of other molecular methods are time-consuming, complex to perform or lack specificity. The review also considers bio-sensing methods for simple, rapid, highly sensitive, and specific detection of H3N2. The classification and principle of various H3N2 biosensors are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravina
- Centre for Medical Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana 124001 India
| | - Manjeet
- Centre for Medical Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana 124001 India
| | - Hari Mohan
- Centre for Medical Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana 124001 India
| | - Jagriti Narang
- Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Shikha Pundir
- Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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10
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T Cell Immunity against Influenza: The Long Way from Animal Models Towards a Real-Life Universal Flu Vaccine. Viruses 2021; 13:v13020199. [PMID: 33525620 PMCID: PMC7911237 DOI: 10.3390/v13020199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Current flu vaccines rely on the induction of strain-specific neutralizing antibodies, which leaves the population vulnerable to drifted seasonal or newly emerged pandemic strains. Therefore, universal flu vaccine approaches that induce broad immunity against conserved parts of influenza have top priority in research. Cross-reactive T cell responses, especially tissue-resident memory T cells in the respiratory tract, provide efficient heterologous immunity, and must therefore be a key component of universal flu vaccines. Here, we review recent findings about T cell-based flu immunity, with an emphasis on tissue-resident memory T cells in the respiratory tract of humans and different animal models. Furthermore, we provide an update on preclinical and clinical studies evaluating T cell-evoking flu vaccines, and discuss the implementation of T cell immunity in real-life vaccine policies.
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11
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Primary Swine Respiratory Epithelial Cell Lines for the Efficient Isolation and Propagation of Influenza A Viruses. J Virol 2020; 94:JVI.01091-20. [PMID: 32967961 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01091-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza virus isolation from clinical samples is critical for the identification and characterization of circulating and emerging viruses. Yet efficient isolation can be difficult. In these studies, we isolated primary swine nasal and tracheal respiratory epithelial cells and immortalized swine nasal epithelial cells (siNEC) and tracheal epithelial cells (siTEC) that retained the abilities to form tight junctions and cilia and to differentiate at the air-liquid interface like primary cells. Critically, both human and swine influenza viruses replicated in the immortalized cells, which generally yielded higher-titer viral isolates from human and swine nasal swabs, supported the replication of isolates that failed to grow in Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells, and resulted in fewer dominating mutations during viral passaging than MDCK cells.IMPORTANCE Robust in vitro culture systems for influenza virus are critically needed. MDCK cells, the most widely used cell line for influenza isolation and propagation, do not adequately model the respiratory tract. Therefore, many clinical isolates, both animal and human, are unable to be isolated and characterized, limiting our understanding of currently circulating influenza viruses. We have developed immortalized swine respiratory epithelial cells that retain the ability to differentiate and can support influenza replication and isolation. These cell lines can be used as additional tools to enhance influenza research and vaccine development.
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Dolskiy AA, Grishchenko IV, Yudkin DV. Cell Cultures for Virology: Usability, Advantages, and Prospects. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21217978. [PMID: 33121109 PMCID: PMC7662242 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21217978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Virus detection in natural and clinical samples is a complicated problem in research and diagnostics. There are different approaches for virus isolation and identification, including PCR, CRISPR/Cas technology, NGS, immunoassays, and cell-based assays. Following the development of genetic engineering methods, approaches that utilize cell cultures have become useful and informative. Molecular biology methods allow increases in the sensitivity and specificity of cell cultures for certain viruses and can be used to generate reporter cell lines. These cell lines express specific reporter proteins (e.g., GFP, luciferase, and CAT) in response to virus infection that can be detected in a laboratory setting. The development of genome editing and synthetic biology methods has given rise to new perspectives regarding the design of virus reporter systems in cell cultures. This review is aimed at describing both virology methods in general and examples of the development of cell-based methods that exist today.
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Comparability of Titers of Antibodies against Seasonal Influenza Virus Strains as Determined by Hemagglutination Inhibition and Microneutralization Assays. J Clin Microbiol 2020; 58:JCM.00750-20. [PMID: 32493784 PMCID: PMC7448638 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00750-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We compared titers of antibodies against A/H1N1, A/H3N2, and B influenza virus strains collected pre- and postvaccination using hemagglutination inhibition (HI) and microneutralization (MN) assays and data from two vaccine trials: study 1, performed with a cell-grown trivalent influenza vaccine (TIVc) using cell-grown target virus in both assays, and study 2, performed with an egg-grown adjuvanted quadrivalent influenza vaccine (aQIVe) using egg-grown target virus. The relationships between HI- and MN-derived log-transformed titers were examined using different statistical techniques. We compared titers of antibodies against A/H1N1, A/H3N2, and B influenza virus strains collected pre- and postvaccination using hemagglutination inhibition (HI) and microneutralization (MN) assays and data from two vaccine trials: study 1, performed with a cell-grown trivalent influenza vaccine (TIVc) using cell-grown target virus in both assays, and study 2, performed with an egg-grown adjuvanted quadrivalent influenza vaccine (aQIVe) using egg-grown target virus. The relationships between HI- and MN-derived log-transformed titers were examined using different statistical techniques. Deming regression analyses showed point estimates for slopes generally close to 1 across studies and strains. The slope of regression was closest to 1 for A/H3N2 strain when either cell- or egg-grown viral target virus was used. Bland-Altman plots indicated a very small percentage of results outside 2 and 3 standard deviations. The magnitudes and directions of differences between titers in the two assays varied by study and strain. Mean differences favored the MN assay for A/H1N1 and B strains in study 1, whereas the titers determined by HI were higher than those determined by MN against the A/H3N2 strain. In study 2, mean differences favored the MN assay for A/H3N2 and B strains. Overall, the directions and magnitudes of the mean differences were similar between the two vaccines. The concordance correlation coefficient values ranged from 0.74 (A/H1N1 strain, study 1) to 0.97 (A/H3N2 strain, study 1). The comparative analysis demonstrates an overall strong positive correlation between the HI and MN assays. These data support the use of the MN assay to quantify the immune response of influenza vaccines in clinical studies, particularly for the A/H3N2 strain.
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Baloxavir Marboxil Single-dose Treatment in Influenza-infected Children: A Randomized, Double-blind, Active Controlled Phase 3 Safety and Efficacy Trial (miniSTONE-2). Pediatr Infect Dis J 2020; 39:700-705. [PMID: 32516282 PMCID: PMC7360097 DOI: 10.1097/inf.0000000000002747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Baloxavir marboxil (baloxavir) is a novel, cap-dependent endonuclease inhibitor that has previously demonstrated efficacy in the treatment of influenza in adults and adolescents. We assessed the safety and efficacy of baloxavir in otherwise healthy children with acute influenza. METHODS MiniSTONE-2 (Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT03629184) was a double-blind, randomized, active controlled trial enrolling children 1-<12 years old with a clinical diagnosis of influenza. Children were randomized 2:1 to receive either a single dose of oral baloxavir or oral oseltamivir twice daily for 5 days. The primary endpoint was incidence, severity and timing of adverse events (AEs); efficacy was a secondary endpoint. RESULTS In total, 173 children were randomized and dosed, 115 to the baloxavir group and 58 to the oseltamivir group. Characteristics of participants were similar between treatment groups. Overall, 122 AEs were reported in 84 (48.6%) children. Incidence of AEs was similar between baloxavir and oseltamivir groups (46.1% vs. 53.4%, respectively). The most common AEs were gastrointestinal (vomiting/diarrhea) in both groups [baloxavir: 12 children (10.4%); oseltamivir: 10 children (17.2%)]. No deaths, serious AEs or hospitalizations were reported. Median time (95% confidence interval) to alleviation of signs and symptoms of influenza was similar between groups: 138.1 (116.6-163.2) hours with baloxavir versus 150.0 (115.0-165.7) hours with oseltamivir. CONCLUSIONS Oral baloxavir is well tolerated and effective at alleviating symptoms in otherwise healthy children with acute influenza. Baloxavir provides a new therapeutic option with a simple oral dosing regimen.
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Retrospective Assessment of the Antigenic Similarity of Egg-Propagated and Cell Culture-Propagated Reference Influenza Viruses as Compared with Circulating Viruses across Influenza Seasons 2002-2003 to 2017-2018. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17155423. [PMID: 32731417 PMCID: PMC7432082 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17155423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Suboptimal vaccine effectiveness against seasonal influenza is a significant public health concern, partly explained by antigenic differences between vaccine viruses and viruses circulating in the environment. Haemagglutinin mutations within vaccine viruses acquired during serial passage in eggs have been identified as a source of antigenic variation between vaccine and circulating viruses. This study retrospectively compared the antigenic similarity of circulating influenza isolates with egg- and cell-propagated reference viruses to assess any observable trends over a 16-year period. Using annual and interim reports published by the Worldwide Influenza Centre, London, for the 2002-2003 to 2017-2018 influenza seasons, we assessed the proportions of circulating viruses which showed antigenic similarity to reference viruses by season. Egg-propagated reference viruses were well matched against circulating viruses for A/H1N1 and B/Yamagata. However, A/H3N2 and B/Victoria cell-propagated reference viruses appeared to be more antigenically similar to circulating A/H3N2 and B/Victoria viruses than egg-propagated reference viruses. These data support the possibility that A/H3N2 and B/Victoria viruses are relatively more prone to egg-adaptive mutation. Cell-propagated A/H3N2 and B/Victoria reference viruses were more antigenically similar to circulating A/H3N2 and B/Victoria viruses over a 16-year period than were egg-propagated reference viruses.
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Comparison of influenza-specific neutralizing antibody titers determined using different assay readouts and hemagglutination inhibition titers: good correlation but poor agreement. Vaccine 2020; 38:2527-2541. [PMID: 32044163 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.01.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Determination of influenza-specific antibody titers is commonly done using the hemagglutination inhibition assay (HAI) and the viral microneutralization assay (MN). Both assays are characterized by high intra- and inter-laboratory variability. The HAI assay offers little opportunity for standardization. For the MN assay, variability might be due to the use of different assay protocols employing different readouts. We therefore aimed at investigating which of the MN assay readout methods currently in use would be the most suitable choice for a standardized MN assay that could serve as a substitute for the HAI assay. For this purpose, human serum samples were tested for the presence of influenza specific neutralizing antibodies against A/California/7/09 H1N1 (49 sera) or A/Hong Kong/4801/2014 (50 sera) using four different infection readout methods for the MN assay (cytopathic effect, hemagglutination, ELISA, RT qPCR) and using the HAI assay. The results were compared by correlation analysis and by determining the level of agreement before and after normalization to a standard serum. Titers as measured by the 4 MN assay readouts showed good correlation, with high Person's r for most comparisons. However, agreement between nominal titers varied with readouts compared and virus strain used. In addition, Pearson's correlation of MN titers with HAI titers was high but agreement of nominal titers was moderate and the average difference between the readings of two assays (bias) was virus strain-dependent. Normalization to a standard serum did not result in better agreement of assay results. Our study demonstrates that different MN readouts result in nominally different antibody titers. Accordingly, the use of a common and standardized MN assay protocol will be crucial to minimize inter-laboratory variability. Based on reproducibility, cost effectiveness and unbiased assessment of results we elected the MN assay with ELISA readout as most suitable for a possible replacement of the HAI assay.
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Safety and efficacy of monoclonal antibody VIS410 in adults with uncomplicated influenza A infection: Results from a randomized, double-blind, phase-2, placebo-controlled study. EBioMedicine 2019; 40:574-582. [PMID: 30638863 PMCID: PMC6412085 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2018.12.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND VIS410, a broadly neutralizing monoclonal antibody that binds the hemagglutinin stem of influenza A viruses, was safe and efficacious in a human H1N1 virus challenge study. This study evaluated the safety and tolerability of VIS410 in non-hospitalized adult patients with uncomplicated influenza A. METHODS Patients 18 to 65 years of age with symptom onset within 72 h were randomized 1:1:1 to receive a single intravenous infusion of VIS410 4000 mg, 2000 mg, or placebo. Neuraminidase inhibitor therapy was prohibited. Treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) were evaluated up to 100 days post-infusion. Influenza symptoms were assessed daily for 10 days using the FLU-PRO tool. Nasopharyngeal virus shedding was assessed by quantitative reverse-transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) and viral culture through Day 7. FINDINGS Of the 150 patients randomized, 148 received study drug, and 138 were confirmed influenza A positive. Median age was 42 years; median time from symptom onset to treatment was 42 h; 93% had influenza A subtype H3N2. SAFETY TEAEs, most commonly diarrhea of mild severity, were dose-related, occurring in 55%, 35%, and 24% of the 4000 mg, 2000 mg, and placebo patients, respectively. Two serious adverse events occurred, both in placebo patients. SYMPTOM ANALYSES Baseline FLU-PRO symptom scores were balanced among groups. Mean scores were lower by Days 3 and 4 in the pooled VIS410 treatment group versus placebo (p < 0.023), with a tendency toward faster resolution by Kaplan-Meier analysis. VIROLOGY ANALYSES VIS410 was associated with reduced median nasopharyngeal viral load TCID50 AUCDay7 (days × log10 TCID50/mL) (3.66 pooled VIS410 vs 4.78 placebo, p = 0.08) and in the subset of patients with baseline hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) titer ≤40 (overall, 74% of patients) was significantly reduced vs placebo (4.218 pooled VIS410 vs 6.152 placebo, p = 0.009). Kaplan-Meier estimated time to resolution of viral shedding was reduced (1.9 vs 3.6 days, p = 0.03) in VIS410 treated patients. There was a trend toward greater proportion of culture-negative patients by Day 3 (66.7% vs 51.1%, p = 0.11); when this analysis was limited to the subset of patients with positive baseline cultures, this difference became more pronounced (63.2% vs 42.5%, p = 0.053). No differences were observed in nasopharyngeal influenza qRT-PCR profiles, which represent both live and neutralized virus. INTERPRETATION VIS410 was safe and well tolerated in adults with uncomplicated influenza A, with favorable effects on symptom resolution and virus replication. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinical Trials: NCT02989194. FUNDING This project was funded in part with Federal funds from the Department of Health and Human Services; Office of the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response; Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority (BARDA), under Contract No. HHSO100201500018C.
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Brodskaia AV, Timin AS, Gorshkov AN, Muslimov AR, Bondarenko AB, Tarakanchikova YV, Zabrodskaya YA, Baranovskaya IL, Il'inskaja EV, Sakhenberg EI, Sukhorukov GB, Vasin AV. Inhibition of influenza A virus by mixed siRNAs, targeting the PA, NP, and NS genes, delivered by hybrid microcarriers. Antiviral Res 2018; 158:147-160. [PMID: 30092251 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2018.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, a highly effective carrier system has been developed for the delivery of antiviral siRNA mixtures. The developed hybrid microcarriers, made of biodegradable polymers and SiO2 nanostructures, more efficiently mediate cellular uptake of siRNA than commercially available liposome-based reagents and polyethyleneimine (PEI); they also demonstrate low in vitro toxicity and protection of siRNA from RNase degradation. A series of siRNA designs (targeting the most conserved regions of three influenza A virus (IAV) genes: NP, NS, and PA) were screened in vitro using RT-qPCR, ELISA analysis, and hemagglutination assay. Based on the results of screening, the three most effective siRNAs (PA-1630, NP-717, and NS-777) were selected for in situ encapsulation into hybrid microcarriers. It was revealed that pre-treatment of cells with a mixture of PA-1630, NP-717, and NS-777 siRNAs, delivered by hybrid microcarriers, provided stronger inhibition of viral M1 mRNA expression and control of NP protein level, after viral infection, than single pre-treatment by any of three encapsulated siRNAs used in the study. Moreover, the effective inhibition of replication in several IAV subtypes (H1N1, H1N1pdm, H5N2, and H7N9) using a cocktail of the three selected siRNAs, delivered by our hybrid capsules to the cells, was achieved. In conclusion, we have developed a proof-of-principle which shows that our hybrid microcarrier technology (utilizing a therapeutic siRNA cocktail) may represent a promising approach in anti-influenza therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra V Brodskaia
- Research Institute of Influenza, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Prof. Popova str., 15/17, 197376, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation; Peter The Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Polytechnicheskaya, 29, 195251, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation.
| | - Alexander S Timin
- RASA Center, National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Lenin Avenue, 30, 634050, Tomsk, Russian Federation; First I. P. Pavlov State Medical University of St. Petersburg, Lev Tolstoy str., 6/8, 197022, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation.
| | - Andrey N Gorshkov
- Research Institute of Influenza, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Prof. Popova str., 15/17, 197376, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation; Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretsky ave. 4, 194064, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Albert R Muslimov
- Research Institute of Influenza, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Prof. Popova str., 15/17, 197376, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation; First I. P. Pavlov State Medical University of St. Petersburg, Lev Tolstoy str., 6/8, 197022, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Andrei B Bondarenko
- Research Institute of Influenza, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Prof. Popova str., 15/17, 197376, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation; St. Petersburg State University, Vasilyevsky Island, Liniya 16-ya, 29, 199178, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Yana V Tarakanchikova
- Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya Street 83, 410012, Saratov, Russian Federation
| | - Yana A Zabrodskaya
- Research Institute of Influenza, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Prof. Popova str., 15/17, 197376, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation; Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute in Honor of B. P. Konstantinov, National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", 188300, Gatchina, Russian Federation
| | - Irina L Baranovskaya
- Research Institute of Influenza, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Prof. Popova str., 15/17, 197376, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation; Peter The Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Polytechnicheskaya, 29, 195251, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Eugenia V Il'inskaja
- Research Institute of Influenza, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Prof. Popova str., 15/17, 197376, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Elena I Sakhenberg
- Research Institute of Influenza, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Prof. Popova str., 15/17, 197376, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation; Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretsky ave. 4, 194064, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Gleb B Sukhorukov
- Peter The Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Polytechnicheskaya, 29, 195251, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation; School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - Andrey V Vasin
- Research Institute of Influenza, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Prof. Popova str., 15/17, 197376, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation; Peter The Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Polytechnicheskaya, 29, 195251, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation; St. Petersburg State Chemical Pharmaceutical Academy, Prof. Popova str., 14 A, 197376, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation.
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Vesikari T, Kirstein J, Devota Go G, Leav B, Ruzycky ME, Isakov L, de Bruijn M, Oberye J, Heijnen E. Efficacy, immunogenicity, and safety evaluation of an MF59-adjuvanted quadrivalent influenza virus vaccine compared with non-adjuvanted influenza vaccine in children: a multicentre, randomised controlled, observer-blinded, phase 3 trial. THE LANCET RESPIRATORY MEDICINE 2018; 6:345-356. [DOI: 10.1016/s2213-2600(18)30108-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Oh S, Kim J, Tran VT, Lee DK, Ahmed SR, Hong JC, Lee J, Park EY, Lee J. Magnetic Nanozyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Ultrasensitive Influenza A Virus Detection. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:12534-12543. [PMID: 29595253 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b02735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Rapid and sensitive detection of influenza virus is of soaring importance to prevent further spread of infections and adequate clinical treatment. Herein, an ultrasensitive colorimetric assay called magnetic nano(e)zyme-linked immunosorbent assay (MagLISA) is suggested, in which silica-shelled magnetic nanobeads (MagNBs) and gold nanoparticles are combined to monitor influenza A virus up to femtogram per milliliter concentration. Two essential strategies for ultrasensitive sensing are designed, i.e., facile target separation by MagNBs and signal amplification by the enzymelike activity of gold nanozymes (AuNZs). The enzymelike activity was experimentally and computationally evaluated, where the catalyticity of AuNZ was tremendously stronger than that of normal biological enzymes. In the spiked test, a straightforward linearity was presented in the range of 5.0 × 10-15-5.0 × 10-6g·mL-1 in detecting the influenza virus A (New Caledonia/20/1999) (H1N1). The detection limit is up to 5.0 × 10-12 g·mL-1 only by human eyes, as well as up to 44.2 × 10-15 g·mL-1 by a microplate reader, which is the lowest record to monitor influenza virus using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay-based technology as far as we know. Clinically isolated human serum samples were successfully observed at the detection limit of 2.6 PFU·mL-1. This novel MagLISA demonstrates, therefore, a robust sensing platform possessing the advances of fathomable sample separation, enrichment, ultrasensitive readout, and anti-interference ability may reduce the spread of influenza virus and provide immediate clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangjin Oh
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering , Pusan National University , Busan 46241 , Republic of Korea
| | - Jeonghyo Kim
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering , Pusan National University , Busan 46241 , Republic of Korea
| | - Van Tan Tran
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering , Pusan National University , Busan 46241 , Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Kyu Lee
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering , Pusan National University , Busan 46241 , Republic of Korea
| | - Syed Rahin Ahmed
- BioNano Laboratory, School of Engineering , University of Guelph , Gulph , Ontario N1G 2W1 , Canada
| | - Jong Chul Hong
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine , Dong-A University , Busan 49201 , Republic of Korea
| | - Jaewook Lee
- Research Institute of Green Science and Technology , Shizuoka University , 836 Ohya , Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529 , Japan
| | - Enoch Y Park
- Research Institute of Green Science and Technology , Shizuoka University , 836 Ohya , Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529 , Japan
| | - Jaebeom Lee
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering , Pusan National University , Busan 46241 , Republic of Korea
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Baay MFD, Richie TL, Neels P. Human challenge trials in vaccine development, Rockville, MD, USA, September 28-30, 2017. Biologicals 2018; 61:85-94. [PMID: 29573967 DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2018.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The International Alliance for Biological Standardization organized the second workshop on human challenge trials (HCT) in Rockville, MD, in September 2017. The objective of this meeting was to examine the use of HCT, in response to the continuing human suffering caused by infectious diseases, preventable by the development of new and improved vaccines. For this, the approach of HCT could be valuable, as HCT can provide key safety, tolerability, immunogenicity, and efficacy data, and can be used to study host-pathogen biology. HCT can generate these data with speed, efficiency and minimal expense, albeit not with the same level of robustness as clinical trials. Incorporated wisely into a clinical development plan, HCT can support optimization or down-selection of new vaccine candidates, assuring that only the worthiest candidates progress to field testing. HCT may also provide pivotal efficacy data in support of licensure, particularly when field efficacy studies are not feasible. Many aspects of HCT were discussed by the participants, including new and existing models, standardization and ethics. A consensus was achieved that HCT, if ethically justified and performed with careful attention to safety and informed consent, should be pursued to promote and accelerate vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc F D Baay
- P95 Pharmacovigilance and Epidemiology Services, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Thomas L Richie
- Sanaria Institute for Global Health and Tropical Medicine, Rockville, MD, USA.
| | - Pieter Neels
- International Alliance for Biological Standardization, Lyon, France.
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Hirotsu N, Saisho Y, Hasegawa T, Shishido T. Clinical and virologic effects of four neuraminidase inhibitors in influenza A virus-infected children (aged 4–12 years): an open-label, randomized study in Japan. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2017; 16:173-182. [DOI: 10.1080/14787210.2018.1421945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Mukasheva EA, Nikolaeva LI, Makhnovsky PI, Kirillova ES, Kolobukhina LV, Merkulova LN, Kruzhkova IS, Malyshev NA, Burtseva EI. DIAGNOSTIC CAPACITY OF DETECTION OF SPECIFIC ANTIBODIES TO PANDEMIC INFLUENZA A(H1N1)PDM09 VIRUS. Vopr Virusol 2017; 62:109-114. [PMID: 36494977 DOI: 10.18821/0507-4088-2017-62-3-109-114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Serologic studies occupy a significant place in influenza diagnosis. The article presents an analysis of the developed experimental version of ELISA test-systems for the detection of specific antibodies to the virus influenza A(H1N1)pdm09, and their dynamics at different stages of infection as compared with those of the traditional HAI method. The study included 20 paired samples of serum from patients hospitalized at different stages of the disease with etiology associated with the influenza virus A(H1N1)pdm09. Two groups were formed on the basis of HAI data, which showed the presence or absence of significant growth of specific antibodies to the influenza virus A(H1N1)pdm09. The control group consisted of 20 serum samples from individuals without influenza but with chronic hepatitis C. To examine the virus specific antibody two types of ELISA test systems were used. The first system was intended for the detection of IgM to the influenza virus A(H1N1)pdm09; the second was used for revealing specific IgG. The study showed the accuracy and specificity of detectable IgM and IgG to the virus influenza A(H1N1)pdm09. The dynamics of specific IgG titers in 15 of the 20 pairs of sera was reliable. The increase in titers was more pronounced than in the HAI. IgM against influenza virus could be detected up to 10 days, although reliable dynamics of these antibodies was not detected in paired samples. The test system was specific for the determination of both IgG and IgM antibodies to the influenza virus A(H1N1)pdm09 and significantly more sensitive than HAI. Using this ELISA test system, it is possible to monitor the dynamics of IgG to this virus even in the absence of diagnostic increases in antibody titers in HAI.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Mukasheva
- D.I. Ivanovsky Institute of Virology, Federal State Budgetary Institution «Federal Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after the honorary academician N.F. Gamaleya»
| | - L I Nikolaeva
- D.I. Ivanovsky Institute of Virology, Federal State Budgetary Institution «Federal Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after the honorary academician N.F. Gamaleya»
| | - P I Makhnovsky
- D.I. Ivanovsky Institute of Virology, Federal State Budgetary Institution «Federal Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after the honorary academician N.F. Gamaleya»
| | - E S Kirillova
- D.I. Ivanovsky Institute of Virology, Federal State Budgetary Institution «Federal Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after the honorary academician N.F. Gamaleya»
| | - L V Kolobukhina
- D.I. Ivanovsky Institute of Virology, Federal State Budgetary Institution «Federal Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after the honorary academician N.F. Gamaleya»
| | - L N Merkulova
- D.I. Ivanovsky Institute of Virology, Federal State Budgetary Institution «Federal Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after the honorary academician N.F. Gamaleya»
| | - I S Kruzhkova
- D.I. Ivanovsky Institute of Virology, Federal State Budgetary Institution «Federal Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after the honorary academician N.F. Gamaleya»
| | - N A Malyshev
- D.I. Ivanovsky Institute of Virology, Federal State Budgetary Institution «Federal Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after the honorary academician N.F. Gamaleya»
| | - E I Burtseva
- D.I. Ivanovsky Institute of Virology, Federal State Budgetary Institution «Federal Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after the honorary academician N.F. Gamaleya»
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Mögling R, Richard MJ, Vliet SVD, Beek RV, Schrauwen EJA, Spronken MI, Rimmelzwaan GF, Fouchier RAM. Neuraminidase-mediated haemagglutination of recent human influenza A(H3N2) viruses is determined by arginine 150 flanking the neuraminidase catalytic site. J Gen Virol 2017; 98:1274-1281. [PMID: 28612701 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.000809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last decade, an increasing proportion of circulating human influenza A(H3N2) viruses exhibited haemagglutination activity that was sensitive to neuraminidase inhibitors. This change in haemagglutination as compared to older circulating A(H3N2) viruses prompted an investigation of the underlying molecular basis. Recent human influenza A(H3N2) viruses were found to agglutinate turkey erythrocytes in a manner that could be blocked with either oseltamivir or neuraminidase-specific antisera, indicating that agglutination was driven by neuraminidase, with a low or negligible contribution of haemagglutinin. Using representative virus recombinants it was shown that the haemagglutinin of a recent A(H3N2) virus indeed had decreased activity to agglutinate turkey erythrocytes, while its neuraminidase displayed increased haemagglutinating activity. Viruses with chimeric and mutant neuraminidases were used to identify the amino acid substitution histidine to arginine at position 150 flanking the neuraminidase catalytic site as the determinant of this neuraminidase-mediated haemagglutination. An analysis of publicly available neuraminidase gene sequences showed that viruses with histidine at position 150 were rapidly replaced by viruses with arginine at this position between 2005 and 2008, in agreement with the phenotypic data. As a consequence of neuraminidase-mediated haemagglutination of recent A(H3N2) viruses and poor haemagglutination via haemagglutinin, haemagglutination inhibition assays with A(H3N2) antisera are no longer useful to characterize the antigenic properties of the haemagglutinin of these viruses for vaccine strain selection purposes. Continuous monitoring of the evolution of these viruses and potential consequences for vaccine strain selection remains important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramona Mögling
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Ruud van Beek
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eefje J A Schrauwen
- Laboratory for Microbiology and Infection Control, Amphia Hospital, Breda, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Ron A M Fouchier
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Lempp C, Jungwirth N, Grilo ML, Reckendorf A, Ulrich A, van Neer A, Bodewes R, Pfankuche VM, Bauer C, Osterhaus ADME, Baumgärtner W, Siebert U. Pathological findings in the red fox (Vulpes vulpes), stone marten (Martes foina) and raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides), with special emphasis on infectious and zoonotic agents in Northern Germany. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0175469. [PMID: 28399176 PMCID: PMC5388480 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0175469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthropogenic landscape changes contributed to the reduction of availability of habitats to wild animals. Hence, the presence of wild terrestrial carnivores in urban and peri-urban sites has increased considerably over the years implying an increased risk of interspecies spillover of infectious diseases and the transmission of zoonoses. The present study provides a detailed characterisation of the health status of the red fox (Vulpes vulpes), stone marten (Martes foina) and raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides) in their natural rural and peri-urban habitats in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany between November 2013 and January 2016 with focus on zoonoses and infectious diseases that are potentially threatening to other wildlife or domestic animal species. 79 red foxes, 17 stone martens and 10 raccoon dogs were collected from traps or hunts. In order to detect morphological changes and potential infectious diseases, necropsy and pathohistological work-up was performed. Additionally, in selected animals immunohistochemistry (influenza A virus, parvovirus, feline leukemia virus, Borna disease virus, tick-borne encephalitis, canine adenovirus, Neospora caninum, Toxoplasma gondii and Listeria monocytogenes), next-generation sequencing, polymerase chain reaction (fox circovirus) and serum-neutralisation analysis (canine distemper virus) were performed. Furthermore, all animals were screened for fox rabies virus (immunofluorescence), canine distemper virus (immunohistochemistry) and Aujeszky's disease (virus cultivation). The most important findings included encephalitis (n = 16) and pneumonia (n = 20). None of the investigations revealed a specific cause for the observed morphological alterations except for one animal with an elevated serum titer of 1:160 for canine distemper. Animals displayed macroscopically and/or histopathologically detectable infections with parasites, including Taenia sp., Toxocara sp. and Alaria alata. In summary, wildlife predators carry zoonotic parasitic disease and suffer from inflammatory diseases of yet unknown etiology, possibly bearing infectious potential for other animal species and humans. This study highlights the value of monitoring terrestrial wildlife following the "One Health" notion, to estimate the incidence and the possible spread of zoonotic pathogens and to avoid animal to animal spillover as well as transmission to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Lempp
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Lower Saxony, Germany
| | - Nicole Jungwirth
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Lower Saxony, Germany
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Hannover, Germany
| | - Miguel L. Grilo
- Institute for Terrestrial and Aquatic Wildlife Research, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Büsum, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany
| | - Anja Reckendorf
- Institute for Terrestrial and Aquatic Wildlife Research, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Büsum, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany
| | - Arlena Ulrich
- Institute for Terrestrial and Aquatic Wildlife Research, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Büsum, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany
| | - Abbo van Neer
- Institute for Terrestrial and Aquatic Wildlife Research, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Büsum, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany
| | - Rogier Bodewes
- Department of Viroscience, The Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Vanessa M. Pfankuche
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Lower Saxony, Germany
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Hannover, Germany
| | - Christian Bauer
- Institute of Parasitology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Albert D. M. E. Osterhaus
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Lower Saxony, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Baumgärtner
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Lower Saxony, Germany
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ursula Siebert
- Institute for Terrestrial and Aquatic Wildlife Research, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Büsum, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany
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van Baalen CA, Jeeninga RE, Penders GH, van Gent B, van Beek R, Koopmans MP, Rimmelzwaan GF. ViroSpot microneutralization assay for antigenic characterization of human influenza viruses. Vaccine 2017; 35:46-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.11.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Revised: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Gupta N, Lainson J, Domenyuk V, Zhao ZG, Johnston SA, Diehnelt CW. Whole-Virus Screening to Develop Synbodies for the Influenza Virus. Bioconjug Chem 2016; 27:2505-2512. [PMID: 27658460 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.6b00447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
There is an ongoing need for affinity agents for emerging viruses and new strains of current human viruses. We therefore developed a robust and modular system for engineering high-affinity synbody ligands for the influenza A/Puerto Rico/8/1934 H1N1 virus as a model system. Whole-virus screening against a peptide microarray was used to identify binding peptides. Candidate peptides were linked to bis-maleimide peptide scaffolds to produce a library of candidate influenza-binding synbodies. From this library, a candidate synbody, ASU1060, was selected and affinity-improved via positional substitution using d-amino acids to produce a new synbody, ASU1061, that bound H1N1 in an ELISA assay with a KD of <1 nM, comparable to that of a monoclonal antibody for neuraminidase (NA). We prepared a modified version of ASU1061 that contained an additional C-terminal peptide to simulate conjugation of the synbody to a carrier protein, called ASU1063, and found that H1N1 binding was unchanged. Subsequent work identified the synbody target as nucleoprotein (NP), a highly conserved protein in influenza, with a KD of <1 nM for ASU1063. This suggests that virus-binding synbodies can be conjugated to carrier proteins or other moieties that could improve the therapeutic profile of the resulting synbody. This method is a rapid process that offers a means of developing new affinity ligands to influenza and other viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Gupta
- The Biodesign Institute Center for Innovations in Medicine, Arizona State University , Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - John Lainson
- The Biodesign Institute Center for Innovations in Medicine, Arizona State University , Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Valeriy Domenyuk
- The Biodesign Institute Center for Innovations in Medicine, Arizona State University , Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Zhan-Gong Zhao
- The Biodesign Institute Center for Innovations in Medicine, Arizona State University , Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Stephen Albert Johnston
- The Biodesign Institute Center for Innovations in Medicine, Arizona State University , Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Chris W Diehnelt
- The Biodesign Institute Center for Innovations in Medicine, Arizona State University , Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
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