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Fontana C, Zaccheus M, Weintraub A, Ansaruzzaman M, Widmalm G. Structural studies of a polysaccharide from Vibrio parahaemolyticus strain AN-16000. Carbohydr Res 2016; 432:41-9. [PMID: 27392309 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2016.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Revised: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The structure of a polysaccharide from Vibrio parahaemolyticus strain AN-16000 has been investigated. The sugar and absolute configuration analysis revealed d-Glc, d-GalN, d-QuiN and l-FucN as major components. The PS was subjected to dephosphorylation with aqueous 40% HF to obtain an oligosaccharide that was analyzed by (1)H and (13)C NMR spectroscopy. The HR-MS spectrum of the oligosaccharide revealed a pentasaccharide composed of two Glc residues, one QuiNAc and one GalNAc, one FucNAc, as well as a glycerol moiety. The structure of the PS was determined using (1)H, (13)C, (15)N and (31)P NMR spectroscopy; inter-residue correlations were identified by (1)H,(13)C-heteronuclear multiple-bond correlation, (1)H,(1)H-NOESY and (1)H,(31)P-hetero-TOCSY experiments. The PS backbone has the following teichoic acid-like structure: →3)-d-Gro-(1-P-6)-β-d-Glcp-(1→4)-α-l-FucpNAc-(1→3)-β-d-QuipNAc-(1→ with a side-chain consisting of α-d-Glcp-(1→6)-α-d-GalpNAc-(1→ linked to the O3 position of the FucNAc residue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Fontana
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, S-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mona Zaccheus
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, S-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andrej Weintraub
- Karolinska Institute, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska University Hospital, S-141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Göran Widmalm
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, S-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
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Ramamurthy T, Chowdhury G, Pazhani GP, Shinoda S. Vibrio fluvialis: an emerging human pathogen. Front Microbiol 2014; 5:91. [PMID: 24653717 PMCID: PMC3948065 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2014.00091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Vibrio fluvialis is a pathogen commonly found in coastal environs. Considering recent increase in numbers of diarrheal outbreaks and sporadic extraintestinal cases, V. fluvialis has been considered as an emerging pathogen. Though this pathogen can be easily isolated by existing culture methods, its identification is still a challenging problem due to close phenotypic resemblance either with Vibrio cholerae or Aeromonas spp. However, using molecular tools, it is easy to identify V. fluvialis from clinical and different environmental samples. Many putative virulence factors have been reported, but its mechanisms of pathogenesis and survival fitness in the environment are yet to be explored. This chapter covers some of the major discoveries that have been made to understand the importance of V. fluvialis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Goutam Chowdhury
- National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases Kolkata, India
| | | | - Sumio Shinoda
- National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Collaborative Research Center of Okayama University for Infectious Diseases in India Kolkata, India
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Bisha B, Simonson J, Janes M, Bauman K, Goodridge LD. A review of the current status of cultural and rapid detection of Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Int J Food Sci Technol 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2621.2012.02950.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Senevirathne R, Janes M, Simonson J. Detection and Enumeration ofVibrio vulnificusby Direct Colony Immunoblot. J Food Sci 2009; 74:M41-5. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2008.01012.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Immunomagnetic separation and coagglutination of Vibrio parahaemolyticus with anti-flagellar protein monoclonal antibody. CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY : CVI 2008; 15:1541-6. [PMID: 18753337 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.00141-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Mice were immunized by injection of Vibrio parahaemolyticus ATCC 17802 polar flagellin in order to produce monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). mAbs were analyzed by anti-H enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using V. parahaemolyticus polar flagellar cores. The mAb exhibiting the highest anti-H titer was coated onto Cowan I Staphylococcus aureus cells at a concentration of 75 microg/ml cell suspension and used for slide coagglutination. Of 41 isolates identified genetically as V. parahaemolyticus, 100% coagglutinated with the anti-H mAb within 30 s, and the mAb did not react with 30 isolates identified as Vibrio vulnificus. A strong coagglutination reaction with V. parahaemolyticus ATCC 17802 was still observed when the S. aureus cells were armed with as little as 15 microg of mAb/ml S. aureus cell suspension. At this concentration, the mAb cross-reacted with three other Vibrio species, suggesting that they share an identical H antigen or antigens. The anti-H mAb was then used to optimize an immunomagnetic separation protocol which exhibited from 35% to about 45% binding of 10(2) to 10(3) V. parahaemolyticus cells in phosphate-buffered saline. The mAb would be useful for the rapid and selective isolation, concentration, and detection of V. parahaemolyticus cells from environmental sources.
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Levin RE. Vibrio vulnificus, a Notably Lethal Human Pathogen Derived from Seafood: A Review of Its Pathogenicity, Subspecies Characterization, and Molecular Methods of Detection. FOOD BIOTECHNOL 2005. [DOI: 10.1081/fbt-200049071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Horré R, Marklein G, Schaal KP. Vibrio vulnificus, an emerging human pathogen. ZENTRALBLATT FUR BAKTERIOLOGIE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY 1996; 284:273-84. [PMID: 8837388 DOI: 10.1016/s0934-8840(96)80103-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- R Horré
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Bonn, Germany
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Chen D, Hanna PJ, Altmann K, Smith A, Moon P, Hammond LS. Development of monoclonal antibodies that identify Vibrio species commonly isolated from infections of humans, fish, and shellfish. Appl Environ Microbiol 1992; 58:3694-700. [PMID: 1482190 PMCID: PMC183162 DOI: 10.1128/aem.58.11.3694-3700.1992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against Vibrio species that infect humans, fish, and shellfish were developed for application in rapid identifications. The pathogens included Vibrio alginolyticus, V. anguillarum, V. carchariae, V. cholerae, V. damsela, V. furnissii, V. harveyi, V. ordalii, V. parahaemolyticus, and V. vulnificus. Three types of MAbs were selected. The first important group included MAbs that reacted with only a single species. A second group comprised a number of MAbs that reacted with two, taxonomically closely related Vibrio species. For example, of 22 MAbs raised against V. alginolyticus, 6 recognized a 52-kDa flagellar H antigen common to both V. alginolyticus and V. parahaemolyticus; V. anguillarum and V. ordalii also shared antigens. A third group included three genus-specific MAbs that reacted with almost all Vibrio species but did not react with other members of the family Vibrionaceae (e.g., members of the Aeromonas, Photobacterium, and Plesiomonas genera) or a wide range of gram-negative bacteria representing many genera. This last group indicated the possible existence of an antigenic determinant common to Vibrio species. Two of these three genus-specific MAbs reacted with heat-stable antigenic determinants of Vibrio species as well as lipopolysaccharide extracted from Vibrio species. The use of the MAbs in blind tests and diagnosis of clinical isolates indicated that three different types of bacteria, viz., live, formalin-fixed, and sodium azide-killed bacteria, were detected consistently. Overall, it was found that the genus-specific MAbs were very useful for rapidly identifying vibrios in the screening of acute infections, while the species-specific MAbs and others were useful for completing the diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Chen
- Department of Biological Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
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Martin SJ, Siebeling RJ. Identification of Vibrio vulnificus O serovars with antilipopolysaccharide monoclonal antibody. J Clin Microbiol 1991; 29:1684-8. [PMID: 1761690 PMCID: PMC270184 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.29.8.1684-1688.1991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A serotyping scheme for Vibrio vulnificus predicated on the detection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) antigens is proposed. The serovar O typing scheme used to type V. vulnificus employs polyclonal antisera raised in rabbits immunized with heat-killed whole-cell vaccines. Polyclonal typing sera produced in this manner cross-react with heterologous strains. Affinity purification of polyclonal antisera with LPS affinity columns resolved some of these cross-reactions; however, affinity-purified polyclonal antisera still showed cross-reactions that were nonreciprocal. On the basis of the serological patterns that were obtained with affinity-purified polyclonal antisera, V. vulnificus strains were selected as vaccine strains for production of monoclonal antibody. Spleen cells harvested from BALB/c mice immunized with formalin-killed V. vulnificus cells were fused with SP2/O-Ag 14 myeloma cells. Hybridomas were screened by using LPS and whole-cell enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to identify clones secreting LPS-specific antibodies. Monoclonal antibodies identified five LPS serological varieties of V. vulnificus and a single serovar each for Vibrio damsela and Vibrio hollisae. No cross-reactions between V. vulnificus and V. hollisae or V. damsela were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Martin
- Department of Microbiology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge 70803-1715
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Simonson JG, Siebeling RJ. Coagglutination of Vibrio cholerae, Vibrio mimicus, and Vibrio vulnificus with anti-flagellar monoclonal antibody. J Clin Microbiol 1988; 26:1962-6. [PMID: 3182988 PMCID: PMC266798 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.26.10.1962-1966.1988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) with serological activity for purified flagellar (H) core protein prepared from Vibrio cholerae were identified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Four of these MAbs reacted with the flagella of V. cholerae and V. mimicus exclusively, while eight MAbs reacted with at least 1 of 30 heterologous Vibrio species tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay or coagglutination. It appears that V. cholerae and V. mimicus express similar, if not identical, H determinants unique to these two Vibrio species. Staphylococcus aureus cells or latex beads armed with the four species-specific MAbs coagglutinated each of 47 isolates identified bacteriologically as V. cholerae or V. mimicus from among 103 Vibrio isolates tested. One coagglutination reagent armed with anti-V. vulnificus H MAb exhibited species specificity in that only V. vulnificus cells were coagglutinated from among the 31 Vibrio species examined. This reagent coagglutinated 20 isolates identified bacteriologically as V. vulnificus in a serological survey. MAb coagglutination reagents offer a rapid, specific, and economical alternative to the classical bacteriological approach to identify the human pathogens V. cholerae, V. mimicus, and V. vulnificus.
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Affiliation(s)
- J G Simonson
- Department of Microbiology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge 70803
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Kaysner CA, Abeyta C, Wekell MM, DePaola A, Stott RF, Leitch JM. Virulent strains of Vibrio vulnificus isolated from estuaries of the United States West Coast. Appl Environ Microbiol 1987; 53:1349-51. [PMID: 3606112 PMCID: PMC203868 DOI: 10.1128/aem.53.6.1349-1351.1987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Vibrio vulnificus was isolated from United States West Coast estuaries at a low frequency (5.9%) from 529 samples of water, shellfish, and sediment. Four strains tested with iron-treated mice had 50% lethal dose values ranging from 7.6 to 360 CFU, compared with a 50% lethal dose of 4.9 CFU for a clinical isolate that caused the death of a septicemic patient. The presence of this pathogen may be a hazard to users of marine beaches and consumers of raw shellfish on the West Coast, especially to persons most susceptible to V. vulnificus septicemia. Species-specific antiflagellar serum and a gene probe for cytotoxin-hemolysin production were useful for screening these environmental isolates.
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Simonson J, Siebeling RJ. Rapid serological identification of Vibrio vulnificus by anti-H coagglutination. Appl Environ Microbiol 1986; 52:1299-304. [PMID: 3789720 PMCID: PMC239225 DOI: 10.1128/aem.52.6.1299-1304.1986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus Cowan 1 cells were armed with anti-flagellar (anti-H) antibody produced in rabbits immunized with flagellar core protein prepared from Vibrio vulnificus. This reagent was assessed by coagglutination for its capacity to agglutinate and identify V. vulnificus. A species-specific H antigen is expressed in the core proteins of the polar flagella of V. vulnificus. Of 435 V. vulnificus isolates identified bacteriologically, 432 (99.3%) were agglutinated in the slide test within 2 min after the addition of the anti-V. vulnificus H coagglutination reagent. Other than Vibrio pelagius, the reagent did not agglutinate 19 heterologous Vibrio spp. tested, including 290 V. cholerae, 22 V. mimicus, 395 V. parahaemolyticus, and 16 V. fluvialis isolates recovered from seafood and the marine environment. The serological resolution of the coagglutination reaction was enhanced if the organism under test was suspended in 0.1 M Tris buffer-0.1 mM EDTA-1.0% Triton X-100 (TET) for 24 h before serological examination. The TET buffer also increased the sensitivity of the coagglutination reaction 100-fold over that for isolates suspended in 0.3% formalinized phosphate-buffered saline before testing. The anti-H coagglutination test is a rapid, serologically specific, and inexpensive procedure for identifying V. vulnificus one step beyond primary isolation.
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Abstract
A rapid, sensitive, and specific indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) procedure is described for identifying Vibrio vulnificus. Reference antisera were prepared by vaccinating rabbits with surface antigen preparations of V. vulnificus, and the antisera were examined for the ability to react with and serologically group 85 isolates of V. vulnificus grown in heart infusion broth, and to detect V. vulnificus in tissue specimens from mice experimentally infected with a virulent isolate of the bacterium. The antisera detected 100% of the V. vulnificus isolates examined and gave false-positive results in approximately 0.9% of 445 IIF tests performed with non-V. vulnificus clinical isolates. V. vulnificus also was detected in frozen tissue sections from infected mice; however, the most easily observed positive results were obtained by examining V. vulnificus from lesion specimens and blood cultured briefly in heart infusion broth. The bacteria in 2-hr-old cultures of local lesions fluoresced brilliantly and were easily detectable. The IIF procedure could be of value in rapidly diagnosing fulminating and potentially fatal human disease caused by V. vulnificus.
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Immunological identification of Vibrioparahaemolyticus: Staphylococcal coagglutination test and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Int J Food Microbiol 1985. [DOI: 10.1016/0168-1605(85)90043-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Xu HS, Roberts N, Adams L, West P, Siebeling R, Huq A, Huq M, Rahman R, Colwell R. An indirect fluoresent antibody staining procedure for detection of Vibrio cholerae serovar 01 cells in aquatic environmental samples. J Microbiol Methods 1984. [DOI: 10.1016/0167-7012(84)90017-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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