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Kotani T, Inazaki T, Kasai H, Rakuman S, Suzuki K, Urushibara T. Pneumonia due to Achromobacter xylosoxidans with a chronic course resembling non-tuberculous mycobacterial infection. Respirol Case Rep 2024; 12:e01287. [PMID: 38314101 PMCID: PMC10831394 DOI: 10.1002/rcr2.1287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Achromobacter xylosoxidans is a common bacterium that rarely causes pneumonia. Determining whether A. xylosoxidans is the cause of lung infection in patients suspected of having chronic infectious lung disease is challenging because it can present with colonization. We report a case of a 56-year-old immunocompetent woman suspected of having non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) infection on imaging examination and monitored for 3 years. Sputum examinations revealed A. xylosoxidans several times, and it was determined to be a colonization. A. xylosoxidans was isolated from bronchial lavage fluid and aspirated sputum, but no evidence of NTM was observed. She was diagnosed with A. xylosoxidans infection and given ceftazidime for 2 weeks. Her symptoms and imaging findings improved rapidly after treatment, without recurrences. A. xylosoxidans rarely causes chronic lower respiratory tract infections similar to NTM in immunocompetent patients. A. xylosoxidans may be a target for treatment when detected in lower respiratory tract specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Kotani
- Department of RespirologyKimitsu Chuo HospitalKisarazuJapan
| | | | - Hajime Kasai
- Department of RespirologyKimitsu Chuo HospitalKisarazuJapan
- Department of RespirologyGraduate School of Medicine, Chiba UniversityChibaJapan
- Department of Medical EducationGraduate School of Medicine, Chiba UniversityChibaJapan
- Health Professional Development CenterChiba University HospitalChibaJapan
| | | | - Kenichi Suzuki
- Department of RespirologyKimitsu Chuo HospitalKisarazuJapan
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2
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Batool A, Chaudhry S, Batool K, Omar MA. Achromobacter pneumonia in a patient with advanced COPD, a diagnostic challenge. BMJ Case Rep 2024; 17:e254306. [PMID: 38195188 PMCID: PMC10806936 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2022-254306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Bacterial pneumonia causes significant morbidity and mortality especially in elderly and immunocompromised hosts. Achromobacter xylosoxidans denitrificans pneumonia is very rarely reported. However, the reported cases have been in patients who are either immunocompromised or have bronchiectasis. We hereby present a unique case of Achromobacter xylosoxidans denitrificans pneumonia in an immunocompetent patient with advanced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Our patient is a Caucasian male admitted with shortness of breath, fever and cough. Chest X-ray demonstrated right-sided infiltrates and he was treated with intravenous ceftriaxone and azithromycin. He was discharged home on oral amoxicillin-clavulanate 875-125 mg two times per day for a total of 7 days. Patient returned to emergency room after 5 weeks with persistent symptoms and chest X-ray revealed persistent right-sided infiltrate and sputum culture showed Achromobacter xylosoxidans denitrificans. The patient was started on oral levofloxacin 750 mg one time per day for 2 weeks with resolution of symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisha Batool
- Nephrology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | | | - Khadija Batool
- Services Institute of Medical Sciences, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
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3
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Joseph CG, Mohapatra MM, Rajaram M, Palanivel J, Velappan B. Fungal pneumonia concealing bacterial pneumonia: a diagnostic dilemma. Monaldi Arch Chest Dis 2023. [PMID: 37667899 DOI: 10.4081/monaldi.2023.2683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We describe the case of a 61-year-old diabetic man affected by Achromobacter denitrificans. He was immunocompetent and did not have any past history of chronic lung disease. The patient was treated with sensitive antibiotic meropenem 1 g three times daily. To our knowledge, only one case of A. denitrificans pneumonia has been reported from the Indian subcontinent, in an individual with underlying lung disease, and none in a healthy person.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christie George Joseph
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Pondicherry.
| | - Madhusmita Mohanty Mohapatra
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Pondicherry.
| | - Manju Rajaram
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Pondicherry.
| | - Jayabharathi Palanivel
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Pondicherry.
| | - Balasubramanian Velappan
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Pondicherry.
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Sarna M, Rajni E, Kataria S, Garg V. A case of bacteremia by Achromobacter xylosoxidans in an immunocompromised host and review of literature. ARCHIVES OF MEDICINE AND HEALTH SCIENCES 2023. [DOI: 10.4103/amhs.amhs_222_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
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5
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Zhao L, Ma YM, Yang B, Han WX, Zhao WH, Chai HL, Zhang ZS, Zhan YJ, Wang LF, Xing Y, Yu LF, Wang JL, Ding YL, Liu YH. Comparative analysis of microbial communities in different growth stages of Dermacentor nuttalli. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:1021426. [PMID: 36311671 PMCID: PMC9614212 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1021426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Ticks were identified as arthropods that are pathogenic vectors. Dermacentor nuttalli is one of the dominant tick species in Inner Mongolia, and it carries and transmits a wide range of pathogenic microorganisms. However, at present, only the detection of D. nuttalli adult ticks and D. nuttalli different developmental stages carrying one specific pathogen, or the next-generation sequencing of D. nuttalli adult ticks were available. In this study, we investigated the microbial community structures of D. nuttalli in different growth stages under laboratory artificial feeding conditions. Total DNA was extracted from seven growth stages (female adult ticks, eggs, larval ticks, engorged larval ticks, nymphal ticks, engorged nymphal ticks, and second-generation adult ticks) obtained from laboratory artificial feeding of engorged D. nuttalli female ticks in Inner Mongolia. Then, the 16S rDNA V3-V4 hypervariable region was amplified to construct an Illumina PE250 library. Finally, 16S rRNA sequencing was performed on Illumina Novaseq 6000 platform. The sequencing data were analyzed using molecular biology software and platforms. The Illumina PE250 sequencing results showed that the egg stage had the highest diversity and number of species (28.74%, 98/341), while the engorged nymph stage had the lowest diversity and number of species (9.72%, 21/216). A total of 387 genera of 22 phyla were annotated in D. nuttalli, with 9 phyla and 57 genera found throughout all 7 growth stages. The dominant phylum was Proteobacteria; the dominant genera were Arsenophonus and Rickettsia; and the genera with the highest relative abundance in the 7 growth stages were Pseudomonas, Paenalcaligenes, Arsenophonus, Arsenophonus, Pseudomonas, Arsenophonus, and Rickettsia, respectively. Among the 23 exact species annotated, Brucella melitensis exhibits pathogeny that poses a serious threat to humans and animals. In this study, the microbial community composition at different growth stages of D. nuttalli was comprehensively analyzed for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China,Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Technology in Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hohhot, China
| | - Yi-Min Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Animal Disease Control Center of Ordos, Ordos City, China
| | - Wen-Xiong Han
- Inner Mongolia Saikexing Reproductive Biotechnology (Group) Co., Ltd., Hohhot, China
| | - Wei-Hong Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Hai-Liang Chai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Zhan-Sheng Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Yong-Jie Zhan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Li-Feng Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Yu Xing
- Shanghai Origingene Bio-pharm Technology Co. Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Lu-Fei Yu
- Shanghai Origingene Bio-pharm Technology Co. Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Jin-Ling Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China,Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Technology in Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hohhot, China
| | - Yu-Lin Ding
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China,Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Technology in Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hohhot, China
| | - Yong-Hong Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China,Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Technology in Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hohhot, China,*Correspondence: Yong-Hong Liu
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6
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Armando M, Barthélémi L, Couret I, Verdier C, Dupont C, Jumas-Bilak E, Grau D. Recurrent environmental contamination in a centralized radiopharmacy unit by Achromobacter spp: results of a large microbiological investigation. Am J Infect Control 2022; 51:557-562. [PMID: 35870659 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajic.2022.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radiopharmaceuticals preparation unit, such as every aseptic preparation units, are strictly monitored in terms of microbiological contamination. Despite all biocontamination control procedures, our radiopharmacy unit faced repeated environnmental contamination by Achromobacter spp which necessitated a large environmental investigation. METHOD Microbiological controls were carried out using Count Tact agars (Biomérieux) for flat surfaces, dry swabbing for hard to reach areas and containers were filled with a sterile water solution (then filtrated on 0.45µm membrane and seeded). Microbiological identification was performed by mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS, Brucker) on each positive sample. RESULTS Achromobacter spp was found in 10% of the 413 samples during the 8 months investigation period. The proportion of positive samples was stable among time but their location was unpredictable. The highest inoculum was finally found in the buckets used for biocleaning. DISCUSSION Samples from cleaning buckets taken by dry swabbing were at first negative, but the use of a non-routinely used sampling method allowed to discover the reservoir of this persistent contamination. CONCLUSION This investigation alerted us on the high microbiological risk associated with reusable plastic containers and the importance of a sampling method adapted to critical locations.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Armando
- Radiopharmacy Unit, Department of Preparations and controls, University Teaching Hospital (UTH) of Montpellier, France
| | - L Barthélémi
- Radiopharmacy Unit, Department of Preparations and controls, University Teaching Hospital (UTH) of Montpellier, France
| | - I Couret
- Radiopharmacy Unit, Department of Preparations and controls, University Teaching Hospital (UTH) of Montpellier, France; Unit 1194 INSERM, Team Radiobiology and targeted radiotherapy, Cancer Research Institute of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - C Verdier
- Pharmaceutical Controls Laboratory, Department of Preparations and controls, UTH of Montpellier, France
| | - C Dupont
- UMR 5569 HSM, Team "Pathogènes Hydriques Santé et Environnements", Unit of Bacteriology, University of Pharmacy, Montpellier, France
| | - E Jumas-Bilak
- Infection Control Department, UTH of Montpellier, France; UMR 5569 HSM, Team "Pathogènes Hydriques Santé et Environnements", Unit of Bacteriology, University of Pharmacy, Montpellier, France
| | - D Grau
- Infection Control Department, UTH of Montpellier, France; UMR 5569 HSM, Team "Pathogènes Hydriques Santé et Environnements", Unit of Bacteriology, University of Pharmacy, Montpellier, France
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7
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Kim TH, Lee SJ, Nam KY. Delayed-onset endophthalmitis associated with Achromobacter species developed in acute form several months after cataract surgery: Three case reports. World J Clin Cases 2022; 10:6496-6500. [PMID: 35979323 PMCID: PMC9294915 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v10.i19.6496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Achromobacter species-associated endophthalmitis is rare and may present as either acute or chronic postoperative endophthalmitis. Delayed-onset Achromobacter species endophthalmitis appearing in acute presentation that develops more than several months after cataract surgery is very rare. Intraocular lens (IOL) removal is commonly recommended to treat Achromobacter species endophthalmitis, which is based on previous studies. Here, we report the results of surgery without IOL removal when treating patients with delayed-onset postoperative Achromobacter species endophthalmitis that developed in an acute form.
CASE SUMMARY Three patients visited our ophthalmology clinic due to visual impairment that began 2-3 d earlier. They had undergone cataract surgery 5-18 mo prior. Best-corrected visual acuity of the diseased eye was between counting fingers at 30 cm to non-light perception. They showed conjunctival injection, inflammation in the anterior chamber (cell reaction 4+) and hypopyon formation. The patients were diagnosed with infectious endophthalmitis and immediately underwent pars plana vitrectomy, anterior chamber irrigation and intravitreal injection of ceftazidime and vancomycin. Before fluid infusion, a vitreous specimen was obtained. In all cases, the IOLs were not removed. Achromobacter species was detected on vitreous specimen culture. After surgery, the vitreous opacity decreased gradually and there was little retinal damage. At 1 mo after treatment, the best-corrected visual acuity had improved to 20/50 and 20/40.
CONCLUSION Delayed onset postoperative endophthalmitis caused by Achromobacter species can appear in an acute form. All patients responded well to early vitrectomy and administration of empirical antibiotics including ceftazidime. There was no need for IOL removal during surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Hoon Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kosin University Hospital, Busan 49267, South Korea
| | - Sang-Joon Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kosin University, College of Medicine, Busan 49267, South Korea
| | - Ki-Yup Nam
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chungnam National Univeristy, College of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, South Korea
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chungnam National University Sejong Hospital, Sejong 30099, South Korea
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8
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Arjun R, John KE, Niyas VKM, Nair SR, Mohan V, Ratheesh RS. Achromobacter spp. bacteremia outbreak related to contaminated furosemide ampoules. LE INFEZIONI IN MEDICINA 2021; 29:427-433. [PMID: 35146348 PMCID: PMC8805504 DOI: 10.53854/liim-2903-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Nosocomial outbreaks related to medication contamination are reported world-wide. A sudden increase in cases of Achromobacter spp. bacteremia led to an outbreak investigation in our setting. Line listing and environmental sampling led to identification of contaminated furosemide ampoules as the source. Molecular identification helped in species identification and in this outbreak more than one species was identified. Prompt withdrawal of the contaminated batch of ampoules curtailed the outbreak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajalakshmi Arjun
- Department of Infectious Diseases, KIMSHEALTH, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Kalpana E John
- Department of Microbiology, KIMSHEALTH, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | | | - Sreerekha R Nair
- Department of Hospital Infection Control, KIMSHEALTH, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Viji Mohan
- Department of Microbiology, KIMSHEALTH, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
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9
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Patra PK, Banday AZ, Sadanand R, Sharma B, Angrup A, Vignesh P, Rawat A. Achromobacter xylosoxidans Pneumonia in a Young Child with Chronic Granulomatous Disease-a Case-Based Review. J Clin Immunol 2021; 41:1686-1692. [PMID: 34263392 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-021-01079-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pratap Kumar Patra
- Allergy Immunology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Advanced Pediatrics Centre, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Aaqib Zaffar Banday
- Allergy Immunology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Advanced Pediatrics Centre, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Rohit Sadanand
- Allergy Immunology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Advanced Pediatrics Centre, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Bhawna Sharma
- Department of Microbiology, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
| | | | - Pandiarajan Vignesh
- Allergy Immunology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Advanced Pediatrics Centre, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, 160012, India.
| | - Amit Rawat
- Allergy Immunology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Advanced Pediatrics Centre, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, 160012, India
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10
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Lazzarini TA, Al-khersan H, Patel NA, Yannuzzi NA, Martinez JD, Altamirano D, Torres LK, Miller D, Batlle JF, Amescua G, Flynn HW. Chronic, Recurrent Bacterial Endophthalmitis Caused by Achromobacter xylosoxidans: Clinical Features and Management. Int Med Case Rep J 2020; 13:265-269. [PMID: 32753980 PMCID: PMC7358084 DOI: 10.2147/imcrj.s259899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
A 79-year-old man presented to a tertiary referral center from the Dominican Republic with an opaque corneal graft and a diagnosis of chronic, recurrent culture-positive Achromobacter xylosoxidans endophthalmitis of the left eye. The patient had a history of penetrating keratoplasty for Fuchs' dystrophy and had undergone multiple intraocular surgeries including pars plana vitrectomy and anterior chamber wash out for the diagnosis and management of chronic endophthalmitis. After being referred, the patient underwent a third PKP, removal of his intraocular lens (IOL), capsulectomy, and injection of intravitreal antibiotics. All surgical specimens demonstrated the growth of A. xylosoxidans. Five months after surgery, the graft remained clear without evidence of infection and best-corrected visual acuity was 20/350.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A Lazzarini
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Hasenin Al-khersan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Nimesh A Patel
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Nicolas A Yannuzzi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Jaime D Martinez
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Diego Altamirano
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | | | - Darlene Miller
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Juan F Batlle
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
- Laser Center, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic
| | - Guillermo Amescua
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Harry W Flynn
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
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11
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Context-dependent dynamics lead to the assembly of functionally distinct microbial communities. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1440. [PMID: 32188849 PMCID: PMC7080782 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15169-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Niche construction through interspecific interactions can condition future community states on past ones. However, the extent to which such history dependency can steer communities towards functionally different states remains a subject of active debate. Using bacterial communities collected from wild pitchers of the carnivorous pitcher plant, Sarracenia purpurea, we test the effects of history on composition and function across communities assembled in synthetic pitcher plant microcosms. We find that the diversity of assembled communities is determined by the diversity of the system at early, pre-assembly stages. Species composition is also contingent on early community states, not only because of differences in the species pool, but also because the same species have different dynamics in different community contexts. Importantly, compositional differences are proportional to differences in function, as profiles of resource use are strongly correlated with composition, despite convergence in respiration rates. Early differences in community structure can thus propagate to mature communities, conditioning their functional repertoire. Historical contingency can affect community composition and function, but the extent to which this occurs is unclear. Here the authors use pitcher plant microbial communities to demonstrate that community dynamics and key metabolic functions at equilibrium depend on history and initial composition.
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12
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Gopalasingam CC, Johnson RM, Chiduza GN, Tosha T, Yamamoto M, Shiro Y, Antonyuk SV, Muench SP, Hasnain SS. Dimeric structures of quinol-dependent nitric oxide reductases (qNORs) revealed by cryo-electron microscopy. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaax1803. [PMID: 31489376 PMCID: PMC6713497 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aax1803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Quinol-dependent nitric oxide reductases (qNORs) are membrane-integrated, iron-containing enzymes of the denitrification pathway, which catalyze the reduction of nitric oxide (NO) to the major ozone destroying gas nitrous oxide (N2O). Cryo-electron microscopy structures of active qNOR from Alcaligenes xylosoxidans and an activity-enhancing mutant have been determined to be at local resolutions of 3.7 and 3.2 Å, respectively. They unexpectedly reveal a dimeric conformation (also confirmed for qNOR from Neisseria meningitidis) and define the active-site configuration, with a clear water channel from the cytoplasm. Structure-based mutagenesis has identified key residues involved in proton transport and substrate delivery to the active site of qNORs. The proton supply direction differs from cytochrome c-dependent NOR (cNOR), where water molecules from the cytoplasm serve as a proton source similar to those from cytochrome c oxidase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chai C. Gopalasingam
- Molecular Biophysics Group, Institute of Integrative Biology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Rachel M. Johnson
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
- Astbury Centre for Structural and Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - George N. Chiduza
- Molecular Biophysics Group, Institute of Integrative Biology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Takehiko Tosha
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| | - Masaki Yamamoto
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| | - Yoshitsugu Shiro
- Graduate School of Life Science, University of Hyogo, 3-2-1 Kouto, Kamigori, Ako, Hyogo 678-1297, Japan
| | - Svetlana V. Antonyuk
- Molecular Biophysics Group, Institute of Integrative Biology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Stephen P. Muench
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
- Astbury Centre for Structural and Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - S. Samar Hasnain
- Molecular Biophysics Group, Institute of Integrative Biology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
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13
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Santos IC, Martin MS, Reyes ML, Carlton DD, Stigler-Granados P, Valerio MA, Whitworth KW, Hildenbrand ZL, Schug KA. Exploring the links between groundwater quality and bacterial communities near oil and gas extraction activities. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 618:165-173. [PMID: 29128765 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.10.264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 10/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial communities in groundwater are very important as they maintain a balanced biogeochemical environment. When subjected to stressful environments, for example, due to anthropogenic contamination, bacterial communities and their dynamics change. Studying the responses of the groundwater microbiome in the face of environmental changes can add to our growing knowledge of microbial ecology, which can be utilized for the development of novel bioremediation strategies. High-throughput and simpler techniques that allow the real-time study of different microbiomes and their dynamics are necessary, especially when examining larger data sets. Matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionization (MALDI) time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOF-MS) is a workhorse for the high-throughput identification of bacteria. In this work, groundwater samples were collected from a rural area in southern Texas, where agricultural activities and unconventional oil and gas development are the most prevalent anthropogenic activities. Bacterial communities were assessed using MALDI-TOF MS, with bacterial diversity and abundance being analyzed with the contexts of numerous organic and inorganic groundwater constituents. Mainly denitrifying and heterotrophic bacteria from the Phylum Proteobacteria were isolated. These microorganisms are able to either transform nitrate into gaseous forms of nitrogen or degrade organic compounds such as hydrocarbons. Overall, the bacterial communities varied significantly with respect to the compositional differences that were observed from the collected groundwater samples. Collectively, these data provide a baseline measurement of bacterial diversity in groundwater located near anthropogenic surface and subsurface activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês C Santos
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA; Affiliate of the Collaborative Laboratories for Environmental Analysis and Remediation, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA
| | - Misty S Martin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA
| | - Michelle L Reyes
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA
| | - Doug D Carlton
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA; Affiliate of the Collaborative Laboratories for Environmental Analysis and Remediation, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA
| | | | - Melissa A Valerio
- UTHealth School of Public Health in San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Kristina W Whitworth
- UTHealth School of Public Health in San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA; Southwest Center for Occupational and Environmental Health, UTHealth School of Public Health, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Zacariah L Hildenbrand
- Affiliate of the Collaborative Laboratories for Environmental Analysis and Remediation, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA; Inform Environmental, LLC, Dallas, TX, USA.
| | - Kevin A Schug
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA; Affiliate of the Collaborative Laboratories for Environmental Analysis and Remediation, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA.
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Moremi N, Claus H, Hingi M, Vogel U, Mshana SE. Multidrug-resistant Achromobacter animicus causing wound infection in a street child in Mwanza, Tanzania. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2017; 88:58-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2017.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Revised: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Dreiseikelmann B, Bunk B, Spröer C, Rohde M, Nimtz M, Wittmann J. Characterization and genome comparisons of three Achromobacter phages of the family Siphoviridae. Arch Virol 2017; 162:2191-2201. [PMID: 28357512 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-017-3347-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we present the characterization and genomic data of three Achromobacter phages belonging to the family Siphoviridae. Phages 83-24, JWX and JWF were isolated from sewage samples in Paris and Braunschweig, respectively, and infect Achromobacter xylosoxidans, an emerging nosocomial pathogen in cystic fibrosis patients. Analysis of morphology and growth parameters revealed that phages 83-24 and JWX have similar properties, both have nearly the same head and tail measurements, and both have a burst size between 85 and 100 pfu/cell. In regard to morphological properties, JWF had a much longer and more flexible tail compared to other phages. The linear double-stranded DNAs of all three phages are terminally redundant and not circularly permutated. The complete nucleotide sequences consist of 81,541 bp for JWF, 49,714 bp for JWX and 48,216 bp for 83-24. Analysis of the genome sequences showed again that phages JWX and 83-24 are quite similar. Comparison to the GenBank database via BLASTN revealed partial similarities to Roseobacter phage RDJL phi1 and Burkholderia phage BcepGomr. In contrast, BLASTN analysis of the genome sequence of phage JWF revealed only few similarities to non-annotated prophage regions in different strains of Burkholderia and Mesorhizobium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigitte Dreiseikelmann
- Department of Microbiology/Genetechnology, University of Bielefeld, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Boyke Bunk
- Leibniz Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, 38124, Brunswick, Germany
| | - Cathrin Spröer
- Leibniz Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, 38124, Brunswick, Germany
| | - Manfred Rohde
- Central Facility for Microscopy, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124, Brunswick, Germany
| | - Manfred Nimtz
- Protein Analytics Platform, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124, Brunswick, Germany
| | - Johannes Wittmann
- Leibniz Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, 38124, Brunswick, Germany.
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Patel PK, von Keudell A, Moroder P, Appleton P, Wigmore R, Rodriguez EK. Recurrent Septic Arthritis Due to Achromobacter xylosoxidans in a Patient With Granulomatosis With Polyangiitis. Open Forum Infect Dis 2015; 2:ofv145. [PMID: 26566537 PMCID: PMC4631257 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofv145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a case of recurrent Achromobacter xylosoxidans infections including bacteremia, sepsis, septic joints and endocarditis in a 72 year old female with granulomatosis with polyangiitis. Achromobacter xylosoxidans is a gram negative bacteria increasingly identified in immunocompromised patients. Surgical and medical therapy may need to be combined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Payal K Patel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases , University of Michigan Medical School ; Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases , Veterans Affairs Ann Arbor Healthcare System , Michigan
| | - Arvind von Keudell
- Department of Orthopedics, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center , Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Philipp Moroder
- Department of Traumatology , Paracelsus Medical University , Salzburg , Austria
| | - Paul Appleton
- Department of Orthopedics, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center , Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Robin Wigmore
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases , Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School , Lowry Medical Office Building, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Edward K Rodriguez
- Department of Orthopedics, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center , Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts
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Mayxay M, Castonguay-Vanier J, Chansamouth V, Dubot-Pérès A, Paris DH, Phetsouvanh R, Tangkhabuanbutra J, Douangdala P, Inthalath S, Souvannasing P, Slesak G, Tongyoo N, Chanthongthip A, Panyanouvong P, Sibounheuang B, Phommasone K, Dohnt M, Phonekeo D, Hongvanthong B, Xayadeth S, Ketmayoon P, Blacksell SD, Moore CE, Craig SB, Burns MA, von Sonnenburg F, Corwin A, de Lamballerie X, González IJ, Christophel EM, Cawthorne A, Bell D, Newton PN. Causes of non-malarial fever in Laos: a prospective study. LANCET GLOBAL HEALTH 2015; 1:e46-54. [PMID: 24748368 PMCID: PMC3986032 DOI: 10.1016/s2214-109x(13)70008-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Background Because of reductions in the incidence of Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Laos, identification of the causes of fever in people without malaria, and discussion of the best empirical treatment options, are urgently needed. We aimed to identify the causes of non-malarial acute fever in patients in rural Laos. Methods For this prospective study, we recruited 1938 febrile patients, between May, 2008, and December, 2010, at Luang Namtha provincial hospital in northwest Laos (n=1390), and between September, 2008, and December, 2010, at Salavan provincial hospital in southern Laos (n=548). Eligible participants were aged 5–49 years with fever (≥38°C) lasting 8 days or less and were eligible for malaria testing by national guidelines. Findings With conservative definitions of cause, we assigned 799 (41%) patients a diagnosis. With exclusion of influenza, the top five diagnoses when only one aetiological agent per patient was identified were dengue (156 [8%] of 1927 patients), scrub typhus (122 [7%] of 1871), Japanese encephalitis virus (112 [6%] of 1924), leptospirosis (109 [6%] of 1934), and bacteraemia (43 [2%] of 1938). 115 (32%) of 358 patients at Luang Namtha hospital tested influenza PCR-positive between June and December, 2010, of which influenza B was the most frequently detected strain (n=121 [87%]). Disease frequency differed significantly between the two sites: Japanese encephalitis virus infection (p=0·04), typhoid (p=0·006), and leptospirosis (p=0·001) were more common at Luang Namtha, whereas dengue and malaria were more common at Salavan (all p<0·0001). With use of evidence from southeast Asia when possible, we estimated that azithromycin, doxycycline, ceftriaxone, and ofloxacin would have had significant efficacy for 258 (13%), 240 (12%), 154 (8%), and 41 (2%) of patients, respectively. Interpretation Our findings suggest that a wide range of treatable or preventable pathogens are implicated in non-malarial febrile illness in Laos. Empirical treatment with doxycycline for patients with undifferentiated fever and negative rapid diagnostic tests for malaria and dengue could be an appropriate strategy for rural health workers in Laos. Funding Wellcome Trust, WHO–Western Pacific Region, Foundation for Innovative New Diagnostics, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayfong Mayxay
- Lao Oxford Mahosot Hospital Wellcome Trust Research Unit (LOMWRU), Microbiology Laboratory, Mahosot Hospital, Vientiane, Laos
- Faculty of Postgraduate Studies, University of Health Sciences, Vientiane, Laos
- Centre for Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Josée Castonguay-Vanier
- Lao Oxford Mahosot Hospital Wellcome Trust Research Unit (LOMWRU), Microbiology Laboratory, Mahosot Hospital, Vientiane, Laos
| | - Vilada Chansamouth
- Lao Oxford Mahosot Hospital Wellcome Trust Research Unit (LOMWRU), Microbiology Laboratory, Mahosot Hospital, Vientiane, Laos
| | - Audrey Dubot-Pérès
- Lao Oxford Mahosot Hospital Wellcome Trust Research Unit (LOMWRU), Microbiology Laboratory, Mahosot Hospital, Vientiane, Laos
- Centre for Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- UMR_D 190 “Emergence des Pathologies Virales”, Aix-Marseille University, IRD French Institute of Research for Development, EHESP French School of Public Health, Marseille, France
| | - Daniel H Paris
- Centre for Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Mahidol–Oxford Research Unit (MORU), Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok
| | - Rattanaphone Phetsouvanh
- Lao Oxford Mahosot Hospital Wellcome Trust Research Unit (LOMWRU), Microbiology Laboratory, Mahosot Hospital, Vientiane, Laos
- Centre for Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | | | - Saythong Inthalath
- Luang Namtha Provincial Hospital, Luang Namtha, Luang Namtha Province, Laos
| | | | - Günther Slesak
- Tropical Hospital Paul-Lechler-Krankenhaus, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Narongchai Tongyoo
- Mahidol–Oxford Research Unit (MORU), Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok
| | - Anisone Chanthongthip
- Lao Oxford Mahosot Hospital Wellcome Trust Research Unit (LOMWRU), Microbiology Laboratory, Mahosot Hospital, Vientiane, Laos
| | - Phonepasith Panyanouvong
- Lao Oxford Mahosot Hospital Wellcome Trust Research Unit (LOMWRU), Microbiology Laboratory, Mahosot Hospital, Vientiane, Laos
| | - Bountoy Sibounheuang
- Lao Oxford Mahosot Hospital Wellcome Trust Research Unit (LOMWRU), Microbiology Laboratory, Mahosot Hospital, Vientiane, Laos
| | - Koukeo Phommasone
- Lao Oxford Mahosot Hospital Wellcome Trust Research Unit (LOMWRU), Microbiology Laboratory, Mahosot Hospital, Vientiane, Laos
| | - Michael Dohnt
- WHO/FAO/OIE Collaborating Centre for Leptospirosis Reference and Research, Queensland, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Queensland, Australia
| | - Darouny Phonekeo
- National Centre for Laboratory and Epidemiology, Vientiane, Laos
| | | | | | | | - Stuart D Blacksell
- Centre for Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Mahidol–Oxford Research Unit (MORU), Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok
| | - Catrin E Moore
- Lao Oxford Mahosot Hospital Wellcome Trust Research Unit (LOMWRU), Microbiology Laboratory, Mahosot Hospital, Vientiane, Laos
- Centre for Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Scott B Craig
- WHO/FAO/OIE Collaborating Centre for Leptospirosis Reference and Research, Queensland, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Queensland, Australia
| | - Mary-Anne Burns
- WHO/FAO/OIE Collaborating Centre for Leptospirosis Reference and Research, Queensland, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Queensland, Australia
| | - Frank von Sonnenburg
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Andrew Corwin
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, US Embassy, Vientiane, Laos
| | - Xavier de Lamballerie
- UMR_D 190 “Emergence des Pathologies Virales”, Aix-Marseille University, IRD French Institute of Research for Development, EHESP French School of Public Health, Marseille, France
| | - Iveth J González
- Foundation for Innovative New Diagnostics (FIND), Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Amy Cawthorne
- WHO–Regional Office for the Western Pacific, Manila, Philippines
| | - David Bell
- Foundation for Innovative New Diagnostics (FIND), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Paul N Newton
- Lao Oxford Mahosot Hospital Wellcome Trust Research Unit (LOMWRU), Microbiology Laboratory, Mahosot Hospital, Vientiane, Laos
- Centre for Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Correspondence to: Dr Paul Newton, Lao Oxford Mahosot Hospital Wellcome Trust Research Unit (LOMWRU), Microbiology Laboratory, Mahosot Hospital, Vientiane, Laos
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Gomila M, Prince-Manzano C, Svensson-Stadler L, Busquets A, Erhard M, Martínez DL, Lalucat J, Moore ERB. Genotypic and phenotypic applications for the differentiation and species-level identification of achromobacter for clinical diagnoses. PLoS One 2014; 9:e114356. [PMID: 25474264 PMCID: PMC4256396 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0114356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The Achromobacter is a genus in the family Alcaligenaceae, comprising fifteen species isolated from different sources, including clinical samples. The ability to detect and correctly identify Achromobacter species, particularly A. xylosoxidans, and differentiate them from other phenotypically similar and genotypically related Gram-negative, aerobic, non-fermenting species is important for patients with cystic fibrosis (CF), as well as for nosocomial and other opportunistic infections. Traditional phenotypic profile-based analyses have been demonstrated to be inadequate for reliable identifications of isolates of Achromobacter species and genotypic-based assays, relying upon comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses are not able to insure definitive identifications of Achromobacter species, due to the inherently conserved nature of the gene. The uses of alternative methodologies to enable high-resolution differentiation between the species in the genus are needed. A comparative multi-locus sequence analysis (MLSA) of four selected ‘house-keeping’ genes (atpD, gyrB, recA, and rpoB) assessed the individual gene sequences for their potential in developing a reliable, rapid and cost-effective diagnostic protocol for Achromobacter species identifications. The analysis of the type strains of the species of the genus and 46 strains of Achromobacter species showed congruence between the cluster analyses derived from the individual genes. The MLSA gene sequences exhibited different levels of resolution in delineating the validly published Achromobacter species and elucidated strains that represent new genotypes and probable new species of the genus. Our results also suggested that the recently described A. spritinus is a later heterotypic synonym of A. marplatensis. Strains were analyzed, using whole-cell Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-Of-Flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS), as an alternative phenotypic profile-based method with the potential to support the identifications determined by the genotypic DNA sequence-based MLSA. The MALDI-TOF MS data showed good accordance in strain groupings and identifications by the MLSA data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita Gomila
- Microbiology, Department of Biology, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Islas Baleares, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - Claudia Prince-Manzano
- Microbiology, Department of Biology, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Islas Baleares, Spain
| | - Liselott Svensson-Stadler
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Culture Collection University of Gothenburg (CCUG), Sahlgrenska Academy of the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Antonio Busquets
- Microbiology, Department of Biology, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Islas Baleares, Spain
| | | | - Deny L. Martínez
- Microbiology, Department of Biology, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Islas Baleares, Spain
| | - Jorge Lalucat
- Microbiology, Department of Biology, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Islas Baleares, Spain
- Mediterranean Institute for Advanced Studies (IMEDEA) (CSIC-UIB), Palma de Mallorca, Islas Baleares, Spain
| | - Edward R. B. Moore
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Culture Collection University of Gothenburg (CCUG), Sahlgrenska Academy of the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Abstract
PURPOSE To report Achromobacter xylosoxidans as a cause of both acute-onset and delayed-onset postoperative endophthalmitis after cataract surgery. METHODS A noncomparative consecutive case series of patients with culture-proven A. xylosoxidans endophthalmitis between 1970 and 2012. Cataract surgery and intraocular lens placement were performed in all patients before endophthalmitis. Positive cultures were obtained from the vitreous, capsular bag, and/or the removed intraocular lens. RESULTS The clinical diagnosis was confirmed in four patients with positive cultures. Two patients with endophthalmitis had a preliminary culture report of Pseudomonas species. In addition to receiving intravitreal antibiotics, all patients underwent capsulectomy and intraocular lens removal at the time of pars plana vitrectomy. Visual acuity at last follow-up was 20/40 or better in 2 (50%) of the 4 patients, but the remaining 2 patients were 20/200 or worse. CONCLUSION A. xylosoxidans may be a cause of acute, recurrent, and delayed-onset postoperative endophthalmitis after cataract surgery. Complete capsulectomy and intraocular lens removal can be considered in recurrent and recalcitrant patients.
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Aundhakar S, Mane M, Bharadiya A, Pawar S. "Watch out! Pneumonia secondary to achromobacter denitrificans". Ann Med Health Sci Res 2014; 4:S22-4. [PMID: 25031900 PMCID: PMC4083727 DOI: 10.4103/2141-9248.131700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Pneumonia is the cause of significant morbidity and mortality especially in developing countries. The frequency and importance of emerging new pathogens have significant implications for therapy. We report a case of pneumonia caused by a very rare organism, Achromobacter denitrificans which was treated successfully with intravenous meropenem injections for 14 days. Review of available literature has documentation of isolation of Achromobacter xylosoxidans from endotracheal aspirate culture but this is probably the first case of pneumonia due to A. denitrificans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sc Aundhakar
- Department of Medicine, Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Karad, Maharashtra, India
| | - Mb Mane
- Department of Medicine, Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Karad, Maharashtra, India
| | - Aa Bharadiya
- Department of Medicine, Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Karad, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sk Pawar
- Department of Microbiology, Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Karad, Maharashtra, India
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L5-S1 Achromobacter xylosoxidans infection secondary to oxygen-ozone therapy for the treatment of lumbosacral disc herniation: a case report and review of the literature. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2014; 39:E413-6. [PMID: 24384664 DOI: 10.1097/brs.0000000000000195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Case report and literature review. OBJECTIVE To present a unique case of Achromobacter xylosoxidans infection secondary to oxygen-ozone therapy for the treatment of L5-S1 disc herniation. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA Oxygen-ozone therapy is a minimally invasive technique for the treatment of lumbar disc herniations, with unproven efficacy and few reported complications. Achromobacter xylosoxidans is an opportunistic pathogen that inhabits aquatic environments and is a rare cause of osteomyelitis. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of A. xylosoxidans spondylodiscitis in the lumbar spine and the third report of spinal infection after intradiscal oxygen-ozone chemonucleolysis in the English literature. METHODS The medical records, operative reports, and radiographical imaging studies of a single patient were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS A 29-year-old female patient who previously underwent oxygen-ozone therapy for L5-S1 disc herniation presented to our institution with a 5-month history of intractable back and leg pain. The patient's laboratory studies were within normal limits and did not indicate signs of an active infection. Her physical examination revealed globally decreased muscle strength (4/5) and hyperesthesia in the lower extremities. Magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography revealed severe disc degeneration and vertebral body endplate changes at L5-S1, in addition to paravertebral soft tissue swelling consistent with a previous infection. Given the severity of symptoms, the patient underwent anterior lumbar interbody fusion and posterior segmental instrumentation at L5-S1. Histopathological evaluation of the disc material confirmed the diagnosis of chronic osteomyelitis and septic discitis at L5-S1. Intraoperative cultures grew A. xylosoxidans and Propionibacterium acnes. The patient had prompt improvement in her level of pain and was discharged on a 6-week course of piperacillin-tazobactam without complication. CONCLUSION This first report of A. xylosoxidans vertebral infection secondary to oxygen-ozone therapy illustrates the wide variety of environmental pathogens that can complicate the percutaneous treatment of degenerative vertebral disease.
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Wittmann J, Dreiseikelmann B, Rohde M, Meier-Kolthoff JP, Bunk B, Rohde C. First genome sequences of Achromobacter phages reveal new members of the N4 family. Virol J 2014; 11:14. [PMID: 24468270 PMCID: PMC3915230 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-11-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2013] [Accepted: 01/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multi-resistant Achromobacter xylosoxidans has been recognized as an emerging pathogen causing nosocomially acquired infections during the last years. Phages as natural opponents could be an alternative to fight such infections. Bacteriophages against this opportunistic pathogen were isolated in a recent study. This study shows a molecular analysis of two podoviruses and reveals first insights into the genomic structure of Achromobacter phages so far. METHODS Growth curve experiments and adsorption kinetics were performed for both phages. Adsorption and propagation in cells were visualized by electron microscopy. Both phage genomes were sequenced with the PacBio RS II system based on single molecule, real-time (SMRT) technology and annotated with several bioinformatic tools. To further elucidate the evolutionary relationships between the phage genomes, a phylogenomic analysis was conducted using the genome Blast Distance Phylogeny approach (GBDP). RESULTS In this study, we present the first detailed analysis of genome sequences of two Achromobacter phages so far. Phages JWAlpha and JWDelta were isolated from two different waste water treatment plants in Germany. Both phages belong to the Podoviridae and contain linear, double-stranded DNA with a length of 72329 bp and 73659 bp, respectively. 92 and 89 putative open reading frames were identified for JWAlpha and JWDelta, respectively, by bioinformatic analysis with several tools. The genomes have nearly the same organization and could be divided into different clusters for transcription, replication, host interaction, head and tail structure and lysis. Detailed annotation via protein comparisons with BLASTP revealed strong similarities to N4-like phages. CONCLUSIONS Analysis of the genomes of Achromobacter phages JWAlpha and JWDelta and comparisons of different gene clusters with other phages revealed that they might be strongly related to other N4-like phages, especially of the Escherichia group. Although all these phages show a highly conserved genomic structure and partially strong similarities at the amino acid level, some differences could be identified. Those differences, e.g. the existence of specific genes for replication or host interaction in some N4-like phages, seem to be interesting targets for further examination of function and specific mechanisms, which might enlighten the mechanism of phage establishment in the host cell after infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Wittmann
- Department of Microorganisms, Leibniz Institute DSMZ – German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Brigitte Dreiseikelmann
- Department of Microbiology/Genetechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Manfred Rohde
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Department of Medical Microbiology, Central Facility for Microscopy, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Jan P Meier-Kolthoff
- Department of Microorganisms, Leibniz Institute DSMZ – German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Boyke Bunk
- Bioinformatics, Leibniz Institute DSMZ – German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Christine Rohde
- Department of Microorganisms, Leibniz Institute DSMZ – German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany
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Wittmann J, Dreiseikelmann B, Rohde C, Rohde M, Sikorski J. Isolation and characterization of numerous novel phages targeting diverse strains of the ubiquitous and opportunistic pathogen Achromobacter xylosoxidans. PLoS One 2014; 9:e86935. [PMID: 24466294 PMCID: PMC3899368 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0086935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The clinical relevance of nosocomially acquired infections caused by multi-resistant Achromobacter strains is rapidly increasing. Here, a diverse set of 61 Achromobacter xylosoxidans strains was characterized by MultiLocus Sequence Typing and Phenotype MicroArray technology. The strains were further analyzed in regard to their susceptibility to 35 antibiotics and to 34 different and newly isolated bacteriophages from the environment. A large proportion of strains were resistant against numerous antibiotics such as cephalosporines, aminoglycosides and quinolones, whereas piperacillin-tazobactam, ticarcillin, mezlocillin and imipenem were still inhibitory. We also present the first expanded study on bacteriophages of the genus Achromobacter that has been so far a blank slate with respect to phage research. The phages were isolated mainly from several waste water treatment plants in Germany. Morphological analysis of all of these phages by electron microscopy revealed a broad diversity with different members of the order Caudovirales, including the families Siphoviridae, Myoviridae, and Podoviridae. A broad spectrum of different host ranges could be determined for several phages that lysed up to 24 different and in part highly antibiotic resistant strains. Molecular characterisation by DNA restriction analysis revealed that all phages contain linear double-stranded DNA. Their restriction patterns display distinct differences underlining their broad diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Wittmann
- Leibniz Institute DSMZ – German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Department of Microorganisms, Braunschweig, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Brigitte Dreiseikelmann
- Department of Microbiology/Genetechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Christine Rohde
- Leibniz Institute DSMZ – German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Department of Microorganisms, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Manfred Rohde
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Department of Medical Microbiology, Central Facility for Microscopy, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Johannes Sikorski
- Leibniz Institute DSMZ – German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Department of Microbial Ecology and Diversity Research, Braunschweig, Germany
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Tena D, Martínez NM, Losa C, Solís S. Skin and soft tissue infection caused by Achromobacter xylosoxidans: report of 14 cases. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 46:130-5. [PMID: 24325336 DOI: 10.3109/00365548.2013.857043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) caused by Achromobacter xylosoxidans are very infrequent. The aim of the present study was to investigate the clinical and microbiological characteristics of this infection. METHODS We carried out a retrospective review of 14 cases of SSTI due to A. xylosoxidans that occurred at the University Hospital of Guadalajara (Spain) from January 2007 to December 2012. RESULTS The infection was secondary to vascular diseases, trauma, and recent surgery in 12 patients (85.7%). The most frequent clinical presentation was infection of a vascular ulcer (5 cases). The infection was monomicrobial in 7 patients (50%) and 9 cases were community-acquired (64.2%). The clinical outcome of the patients was uniformly good after antibiotic treatment, except in 4 patients who suffered recurrence of the infection. CONCLUSION A. xylosoxidans should be considered a potential pathogen in patients with SSTIs, especially in patients with vascular diseases or after surgery or trauma. A history of contact with water should be investigated in all cases. Treatment can be difficult due to the high level of antibiotic resistance. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole may be useful for treatment in outpatients with community-acquired infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Tena
- From the Sección de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario de Guadalajara , Guadalajara , Spain
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Detection of Achromobacter xylosoxidans in hospital, domestic, and outdoor environmental samples and comparison with human clinical isolates. Appl Environ Microbiol 2013; 79:7142-9. [PMID: 24038696 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02293-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Achromobacter xylosoxidans is an aerobic nonfermentative Gram-negative rod considered an important emerging pathogen among cystic fibrosis (CF) patients worldwide and among immunocompromised patients. This increased prevalence remains unexplained, and to date no environmental reservoir has been identified. The aim of this study was to identify potential reservoirs of A. xylosoxidans in hospital, domestic, and outdoor environments and to compare the isolates with clinical ones. From 2011 to 2012, 339 samples were collected in Dijon's university hospital, in healthy volunteers' homes in the Dijon area, and in the outdoor environment in Burgundy (soil, water, mud, and plants). We designed a protocol to detect A. xylosoxidans in environmental samples based on a selective medium: MCXVAA (MacConkey agar supplemented with xylose, vancomycin, aztreonam, and amphotericin B). Susceptibility testing, genotypic analysis by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, and blaOXA-114 sequencing were performed on the isolates. A total of 50 strains of A. xylosoxidans were detected in hospital (33 isolates), domestic (9 isolates), and outdoor (8 isolates) samples, mainly in hand washing sinks, showers, and water. Most of them were resistant to ciprofloxacin (49 strains). Genotypic analysis and blaOXA-114 sequencing revealed a wide diversity among the isolates, with 35 pulsotypes and 18 variants of oxacillinases. Interestingly, 10 isolates from hospital environment were clonally related to clinical isolates previously recovered from hospitalized patients, and one domestic isolate was identical to one recovered from a CF patient. These results indicate that A. xylosoxidans is commonly distributed in various environments and therefore that CF patients or immunocompromised patients are surrounded by these reservoirs.
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Ozer K, Kankaya Y, Baris R, Bektas CI, Kocer U. Calcaneal osteomyelitis due to Achromobacter xylosoxidans: a case report. J Infect Chemother 2013; 18:915-8. [PMID: 22286410 DOI: 10.1007/s10156-012-0373-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2011] [Accepted: 01/15/2012] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Achromobacter xylosoxidans (A. xylosoxidans) has been described as an opportunistic pathogen causing infection. The case we describe is that of an elderly man who had osteomyelitis of calcaneal bone caused by A. xylosoxidans. As far as we are aware there are only 5 cases of osteomyelitis with A. xylosoxidans in the literature. Impaired defensive mechanism of the foot in direct contact with this waterborne bacterium can cause this disease. Because of the high level of antibiotic resistance of this bacterium, clinically more attention should be paid to patients who have impaired defensive mechanisms in their extremities, for example free flaps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kadri Ozer
- Ankara Research and Training Hospital, First Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetics Surgery Clinic, 06100 Ankara, Turkey.
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Karanth SS, Gupta A, Prabhu M. Community acquired bilateral upper lobe pneumonia with acute adrenal insufficiency: A new face of Achromobacter Xylosoxidans. Australas Med J 2012; 5:531-3. [PMID: 23173016 DOI: 10.4066/amj.2012.1279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Achromobacter xylosoxidans is an uncommon pathogen of low virulence known to cause serious nosocomial infection in the immunocompromised. Its inherent multi-drug resistance makes treatment difficult. Community-acquired infections are rare despite its ubiquitous existence. We present a 50-year-old immunocompetent woman who presented with one-month history of coughing with expectoration who was subsequently diagnosed with bilateral upper lobe pneumonia and acute adrenal insufficiency. Achromobacter xylosoxidans was isolated from sputum and bronchoalveolar lavage culture. The acute adrenal insufficiency recovered after appropriate antibiotic therapy. Amongst the myriad of presentations, we highlight the rarity of acute adrenal insufficiency triggered by the infection.
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Multilocus sequence analysis of isolates of Achromobacter from patients with cystic fibrosis reveals infecting species other than Achromobacter xylosoxidans. J Clin Microbiol 2012; 50:2688-94. [PMID: 22675125 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00728-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) scheme was developed for characterization of strains and species from the genus Achromobacter, which are increasingly recovered from patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). Five conserved housekeeping genes were selected for the MLSA, which was applied to a diverse collection of 77 strains originating from Europe, Asia, and South America and including type strains of the seven recognized Achromobacter species, six environmental strains, eight non-CF clinical strains, and 56 CF clinical strains. The discriminatory power of MLSA, based on 2,098 nucleotides (nt), was much superior to a 16S rRNA gene comparison based on 1,309 nt. Congruence was observed between single-gene trees and a concatenated gene tree. MLSA differentiated all seven current Achromobacter species and also demonstrated the presence of at least four novel potential species within the genus. CF isolates were predominantly Achromobacter xylosoxidans (64%), an undescribed Achromobacter species (18%), and Achromobacter ruhlandii (7%). A clone of Achromobacter, which has spread among patients from Danish CF centers in Aarhus and Copenhagen, was identified as Achromobacter ruhlandii. MLSA facilitates the specific identification of isolates of Achromobacter necessary for describing their role in clinical infections.
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Behrens-Muller B, Conway J, Yoder J, Conover CS. Investigation and control of an outbreak of Achromobacter xylosoxidans bacteremia. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2012; 33:180-4. [PMID: 22227988 PMCID: PMC11307258 DOI: 10.1086/663710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To define the extent of an outbreak of Achromobacter xylosoxidans bacteremia, determine the source of the outbreak, and implement control measures. DESIGN An outbreak investigation, including environmental and infection control assessment, and evaluation of hypotheses using the binomial distribution and case control studies. SETTING A 50-bed medical surgical unit in a hospital in Illinois during the period January 1-July 15, 2006. INTERVENTIONS Discontinuation of use of opioid delivery via patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) until the source of the outbreak was identified and implementation of new protocols to ensure more rigorous observation of PCA pump cartridge manipulations. RESULTS Calculations based on the binomial distribution indicated the probability that all 9 patients with A. xylosoxidans bacteremia were PCA pump users by chance alone was <.001. A subsequent case control study identified PCA pump use for administration of morphine as a risk factor for A. xylosoxidans bacteremia (odds ratio, undefined; P < .001). Having a PCA pump cartridge with morphine started by nurse C was significantly associated with becoming a case-patient (odds ratio, 46; 95% confidence interval, 4.0-525.0; P < .001). CONCLUSIONS We hypothesize that actions related to diversion of morphine by nurse C were the likely cause of the outbreak. An aggressive pain control program involving the use of opioid medication warrants an equally aggressive policy to prevent diversion of medication by staff.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Judith Conway
- Illinois Department of Public Health, Springfield, Illinois
| | - Jonathan Yoder
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
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31
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Achromobacter xylosoxidans infection presenting as a pulmonary nodule mimicking cancer. J Clin Microbiol 2011; 49:2751-4. [PMID: 21593259 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.02571-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Achromobacter xylosoxidans is typically isolated from pulmonary sources, presenting as pneumonia in immunosuppressed individuals. We describe a novel clinical presentation of A. xylosoxidans infection presenting as multiple spiculated, pulmonary nodules mimicking cancer for which the patient underwent a wedge resection of the lung for diagnosis and staging of presumptive cancer.
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Kim CR, Kim GN, Kim KH, Yoo JM, Seo SW. A Case of Chronic Dacryocystitis Caused by Achromobacter Xylosoxidans. JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN OPHTHALMOLOGICAL SOCIETY 2011. [DOI: 10.3341/jkos.2011.52.8.979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Che Ron Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Korea
| | - Gyu Nam Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Korea
| | - Kyeong Hyeon Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Korea
| | - Ji Myong Yoo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Korea
- Institute of Health Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea
| | - Seong Wook Seo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Korea
- Institute of Health Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea
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Clinical, microbiological profile and treatment outcome of ocular infections caused by Achromobacter xylosoxidans. Cornea 2010; 28:1100-3. [PMID: 19730091 DOI: 10.1097/ico.0b013e3181a1658f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To study the microbiological profile and outcome of ocular infections caused by Achromobacter xylosoxidans. METHODS Medical and microbiology records of patients with A. xylosoxidans ocular infections managed between May 2007 and December 2007 were reviewed. RESULTS The authors identified 10 patients whose eyes were infected by A. xylosoxidans during the study period. Of 10 patients, 8 had microbial keratitis, of whom 6 developed an infection after penetrating keratoplasty. The remaining 2 patients had endophthalmitis. The Gram-stained smear did not reveal any organism in 6 of 10 cases. In the 4 remaining cases, Gram-negative bacilli were reported. Out of 10 isolates, 9 were sensitive to ceftazidime, 7 to amikacin, 5 to ciprofloxacin, and 3 to ofloxacin, gatifloxacin, and chloramphenicol. Only one isolate was sensitive to moxifloxacin. Of the 6 patients with graft infection, 2 patients were lost to follow-up, infection was resolved in 3 patients, and the infection remained active in 1 patient. The two patients with endophthalmitis responded to antibacterial therapy and showed improved visual acuity. Infection was resolved in 2 patients with keratitis. CONCLUSION Although A. xylosoxidans ocular infections are rare, one should retain a high index of clinical suspicion in patients who present with slowly progressive disease characterized by a localized infiltration and show Gram-negative bacilli on smear examination.
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Got black swimming dots in your cell culture? Identification of Achromobacter as a novel cell culture contaminant. Biologicals 2009; 38:273-7. [PMID: 19926304 DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2009.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2009] [Revised: 09/23/2009] [Accepted: 09/28/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell culture model systems are utilized for their ease of use, relative inexpensiveness, and potentially limitless sample size. Reliable results cannot be obtained, however, when cultures contain contamination. This report discusses the observation and identification of mobile black specks observed in multiple cell lines. Cultures of the contamination were grown, and DNA was purified from isolated colonies. The 16S rDNA gene was PCR amplified using primers that will amplify the gene from many genera, and then sequenced. Sequencing results matched the members of the genus Achromobacter, bacteria common in the environment. Achromobacter species have been shown to be resistant to multiple antibiotics. Attempts to decontaminate the eukaryotic cell culture used multiple antibiotics at different concentrations. The contaminating Achromobacter was eventually eliminated, without permanently harming the eukaryotic cells, using a combination of the antibiotics ciprofloxacin and piperacillin.
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Kaur M, Ray P, Bhatty M, Sharma M. Epidemiological typing of clinical isolates of Achromobacter xylosoxidans: comparison of phenotypic and genotypic methods. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2009; 28:1023-32. [DOI: 10.1007/s10096-009-0740-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2008] [Accepted: 03/24/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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36
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Lee JH, Nam DH, Kim DH, Kim SH, Kim HN, Han CH, Lee SM, Kim CJ. Two Cases of Pulmonary Infection due to A. xylosoxidans Infection in an Immunocompentent Patient. Tuberc Respir Dis (Seoul) 2008. [DOI: 10.4046/trd.2008.64.1.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ju Hyun Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Health Insurance Corporation Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea
| | - Dong Hyuk Nam
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Health Insurance Corporation Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea
| | - Do Hyun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Health Insurance Corporation Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea
| | - Sun Hye Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Health Insurance Corporation Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea
| | - Ha Na Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Health Insurance Corporation Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea
| | - Chang Hun Han
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Health Insurance Corporation Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea
| | - Sun Min Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Health Insurance Corporation Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea
| | - Chong Ju Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Health Insurance Corporation Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea
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Schiedel AC, Meyer H, Alsdorf BBA, Gorzalka S, Brüssel H, Müller CE. [(3)H]Adenine is a suitable radioligand for the labeling of G protein-coupled adenine receptors but shows high affinity to bacterial contaminations in buffer solutions. Purinergic Signal 2007; 3:347-58. [PMID: 18404448 PMCID: PMC2072912 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-007-9060-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2007] [Accepted: 06/25/2007] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
[3H]Adenine has previously been used to label the newly discovered G protein-coupled murine adenine receptors. Recent reports have questioned the suitability of [3H]adenine for adenine receptor binding studies because of curious results, e.g. high specific binding even in the absence of mammalian protein. In this study, we showed that specific [3H]adenine binding to various mammalian membrane preparations increased linearly with protein concentration. Furthermore, we found that Tris-buffer solutions typically used for radioligand binding studies (50 mM, pH 7.4) that have not been freshly prepared but stored at 4°C for some time may contain bacterial contaminations that exhibit high affinity binding for [3H]adenine. Specific binding is abolished by heating the contaminated buffer or filtering it through 0.2-μm filters. Three different, aerobic, gram-negative bacteria were isolated from a contaminated buffer solution and identified as Achromobacter xylosoxidans, A. denitrificans, and Acinetobacter lwoffii. A. xylosoxidans, a common bacterium that can cause nosocomial infections, showed a particularly high affinity for [3H]adenine in the low nanomolar range. Structure–activity relationships revealed that hypoxanthine also bound with high affinity to A. xylosoxidans, whereas other nucleobases (uracil, xanthine) and nucleosides (adenosine, uridine) did not. The nature of the labeled site in bacteria is not known, but preliminary results indicate that it may be a high-affinity purine transporter. We conclude that [3H]adenine is a well-suitable radioligand for adenine receptor binding studies but that bacterial contamination of the employed buffer solutions must be avoided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anke C Schiedel
- University of Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Sciences Bonn (PSB), Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, Bonn, Germany
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38
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Waters V, Ratjen F. Multidrug-resistant organisms in cystic fibrosis: management and infection-control issues. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2007; 4:807-19. [PMID: 17140357 DOI: 10.1586/14787210.4.5.807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Chronic infection and inflammation are the hallmarks of cystic fibrosis lung disease. As cystic fibrosis patients are living longer owing to more intense treatment, multidrug-resistant organisms are being isolated increasingly from patients' respiratory tracts. While the adverse effects of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Burkholderia cepacia complex are well described, less is known about the clinical significance of other emerging multidrug-resistant organisms, such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. Owing to multiple mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance, these organisms are difficult to treat and often require combination antibiotic therapy. Until more is known about their pathogenicity and effect on clinical outcomes, physicians should be aware of the potential transmissibility of these organisms and implement adequate infection control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Waters
- Division of Infectious Diseases, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X8 Canada
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Yilmaz G, Aydin K, Koksal I, Caylan R, Akcay K, Arslan M. Post-ERCP bacteremia caused by Alcaligenes xylosoxidans in a patient with pancreas cancer. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob 2006; 5:19. [PMID: 16945159 PMCID: PMC1586211 DOI: 10.1186/1476-0711-5-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2006] [Accepted: 09/01/2006] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcaligenes xylosoxidans is an aerobic, motile, oxidase and catalase positive, nonfermentative Gram negative bacillus. This bacterium has been isolated from intestine of humans and from various hospital or environmental water sources. A.xylosoxidans is both waterborne and results from the poor-hygienic conditions healthcare workers are in. In this case report, the bacteremia which appeared in a patient with pancreas cancer after ERCP was described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurdal Yilmaz
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Karadeniz Technical University School of Medicine, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Kemalettin Aydin
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Karadeniz Technical University School of Medicine, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Iftihar Koksal
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Karadeniz Technical University School of Medicine, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Rahmet Caylan
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Karadeniz Technical University School of Medicine, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Korhan Akcay
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Karadeniz Technical University School of Medicine, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Arslan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Karadeniz Technical University School of Medicine, Trabzon, Turkey
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Gómez-Cerezo J, Suárez I, Ríos JJ, Peña P, García de Miguel MJ, de José M, Monteagudo O, Linares P, Barbado-Cano A, Vázquez JJ. Achromobacter xylosoxidans bacteremia: a 10-year analysis of 54 cases. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2003; 22:360-3. [PMID: 12750959 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-003-0925-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Fifty-four cases of Achromobacter xylosoxidans bacteremia diagnosed over a 10-year period in patients from 2 months to 87 years of age were reviewed. Fifty-two episodes were nosocomial. The most frequent underlying condition was neoplasm (solid or hematological). The source of infection was a contaminated intravenous catheter in 35 patients (60%) and pneumonia in 6 patients. Eight (15%) patients died. The only risk factors significantly associated with mortality were age over 65 years and neutropenia. The results of in vitro susceptibility studies of the isolates showed that antibiotic therapy with antipseudomonal penicillins or carbapenems would be a reasonable choice. An epidemiological study conducted in the hemodialysis unit showed Achromobacter xylosoxidans in tap water and on the hands of two healthcare workers but not in the hemodialysis systems. Patients were probably contaminated when healthcare workers manipulated the intravenous catheters without wearing gloves.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Gómez-Cerezo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Po Castellana 261, 28046 Madrid, Spain
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Liu L, Coenye T, Burns JL, Whitby PW, Stull TL, LiPuma JJ. Ribosomal DNA-directed PCR for identification of Achromobacter (Alcaligenes) xylosoxidans recovered from sputum samples from cystic fibrosis patients. J Clin Microbiol 2002; 40:1210-3. [PMID: 11923333 PMCID: PMC140369 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.40.4.1210-1213.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The opportunistic human pathogen Achromobacter (Alcaligenes) xylosoxidans has been recovered with increasing frequency from respiratory tract culture of persons with cystic fibrosis (CF). However, confusion of this species with other closely related respiratory pathogens has limited studies to better elucidate its epidemiology, natural history, and pathogenic role in CF. Misidentification of A. xylosoxidans as Burkholderia cepacia complex is especially problematic and presents a challenge to effective infection control in CF. To address the problem of accurate identification of A. xylosoxidans, we developed a PCR assay based on a 16S ribosomal DNA sequence. In an analysis of 149 isolates that included 47 A. xylosoxidans and several related glucose-nonfermenting species recovered from CF sputum, the sensitivity and specificity of this PCR assay were determined to be 100 and 97%, respectively. The availability of this assay will enhance identification of A. xylosoxidans, thereby facilitating study of the pathogenic role of this species and improving infection control efforts in CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixia Liu
- Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
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Weitkamp JH, Tang YW, Haas DW, Midha NK, Crowe JE. Recurrent Achromobacter xylosoxidans bacteremia associated with persistent lymph node infection in a patient with hyper-immunoglobulin M syndrome. Clin Infect Dis 2000; 31:1183-7. [PMID: 11073750 DOI: 10.1086/317461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/1999] [Revised: 04/14/2000] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Achromobacter xylosoxidans (formerly Alcaligenes xylosoxidans) is a rare but important cause of bacteremia in immunocompromised patients, and strains are usually multiply resistant to antimicrobial therapy. We report an immunocompromised patient with hyper-immunoglobulin M syndrome who suffered from 14 documented episodes of A. xylosoxidans bacteremia. Each episode was treated and resulted in rapid clinical improvement, with blood cultures testing negative for bacteria. Between episodes, A. xylosoxidans was isolated from an excised right axillary lymph node, whereas the culture of the central venous catheter, removed at the same time, was negative. Multiple cultures from sputum, stool, and urine samples, as well as from gastrointestinal biopsies or environmental sources, were negative. Results from antibiotic sensitivity testing and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis suggested that a single strain of A. xylosoxidans caused the recurrent bacteremias in this patient; this strain originated from persistently infected lymph nodes. Lymphoid hyperplasia is a prominent characteristic of hyper-IgM syndrome and may serve as a source of bacteremia with low-pathogenicity organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Weitkamp
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232-2581, USA
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Lin YH, Liu PY, Shi ZY, Lau YJ, Hu BS. Comparison of polymerase chain reaction and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis for the epidemiological typing of Alcaligenes xylosoxidans subsp. xylosoxidans in a burn unit. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 1997; 28:173-8. [PMID: 9327244 DOI: 10.1016/s0732-8893(97)00062-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Eighteen isolates of Alcaligenes xylosoxidans subsp. xylosoxidans were collected from clinical specimens of 15 patients in a burn unit and a plastic surgery ward over a 16-month period. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were compared for the epidemiologic typing of these 18 isolates and fifteen epidemiologically unrelated strains. These 18 isolates demonstrated an identical fingerprint pattern and were easily distinguished from the 15 epidemiologically unrelated strains by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis typing and both enterobacterial repetitive intergenic concensus and repetitive extragenic palindrome-primed PCR fingerprinting. We conclude that pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis of XbaI-digested genomic DNA is a highly discriminatory and reproducible method for epidemiological typing of A. xylosoxidans subsp. xylosoxidans isolates. However, poor resolution due to frequent cutting in the smaller fragments (< 145.5 Kb) may lead to difficulty in interpretation. PCR is a rapid and highly discriminatory, but less reproducible, technique with occasional loss of major bands. The fingerprints produced by repetitive extragenic palindrome primed PCR had more intense bands and were easier to read than those produced by enterobacterial repetitive intergenic concensus-primed PCR in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y H Lin
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan
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44
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Wintermeyer SM, Nahata MC. Alcaligenes Xylosoxidans Subsp Xylosoxidans in Children with Chronic Otorrhea. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1996; 114:332-4. [PMID: 8637765 DOI: 10.1016/s0194-59989670198-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Because other known pathogens are frequently isolated with AXX, its clinical significance may be overlooked. AXX should not be considered a colonizer or contaminant, particularly in the presence of clinical signs and symptoms of infection. For a pediatric patient with AXX in the ear fluid, the choice of an antibiotic regimen should be based on in vitro activity of both AXX and other concurrent pathogens. Although the sensitivity of AXX may be highly variable, a number of antibiotics appear to be clinically useful.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Wintermeyer
- College of Pharmacy, Ohio State University, Columbus 43210, USA
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Abstract
A case of hospital-acquired infection due to Acinetobacter baumanii in a burns patient after exposure to holy water is described. In order to assess the infection risk, 13 samples of holy water were cultured for bacteria, (including legionellae) and yeasts. Viable bacterial counts ranged from 1 center dot 3 x 10(3)-3 center dot 8 x 10(8) cfu/L (mean 3 center dot 1 x 10(7) cfu/L). A wide range of bacterial species was isolated including Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter spp. Escherichia coli and Aeromonas hydrophila. Candida spp. were isolated from two samples, but legionellae from none. Holy water would, therefore, seem to be a potential risk factor for hospital-acquired infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Rees
- Department of Microbiology, Whiston Hospital, Prescot, Merseyside, UK
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Decré D, Arlet G, Bergogne-Bérézin E, Philippon A. Identification of a carbenicillin-hydrolyzing beta-lactamase in Alcaligenes denitrificans subsp. xylosoxydans. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1995; 39:771-4. [PMID: 7793891 PMCID: PMC162624 DOI: 10.1128/aac.39.3.771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Eleven strains of Alcaligenes denitrificans subsp. xylosoxydans produced a beta-lactamase with a pI of 5.7 with kinetic data characteristic of a PSE-1-type enzyme. A CARB-type enzyme was identified by using an intragenic DNA probe of blaCARB. Hybridization of genomic DNA after XbaI restriction and pulsed-field electrophoresis suggested a chromosomal location for the gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Decré
- Service de Microbiologie, Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, Paris, France
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Cheron M, Abachin E, Guerot E, el-Bez M, Simonet M. Investigation of hospital-acquired infections due to Alcaligenes denitrificans subsp. xylosoxydans by DNA restriction fragment length polymorphism. J Clin Microbiol 1994; 32:1023-6. [PMID: 7913093 PMCID: PMC267173 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.32.4.1023-1026.1994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
We demonstrate that DNA restriction fragment length polymorphism determined by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis is very useful in the investigation of the epidemiology of hospital-acquired infections caused by Alcaligenes denitrificans subsp. xylosoxydans. This approach showed that hospital-acquired infections caused by this opportunistic pathogen over a 6-month period in 10 patients hospitalized in an intensive care unit and a surgical unit were not a true outbreak. In addition, this molecular typing method established that the respiratory therapy equipment was the source of the contamination of two patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Cheron
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie-Virologie, Hôpital Boucicaut, Paris, France
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San Miguel VV, Lavery JP, York JC, Lisse JR. Achromobacter xylosoxidans septic arthritis in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus. ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM 1991; 34:1484-5. [PMID: 1953827 DOI: 10.1002/art.1780341122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Mensah K, Philippon A, Richard C, Névot P. Susceptibility of Alcaligenes denitrificans subspecies xylosoxydans to beta-lactam antibiotics. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 1990; 9:405-9. [PMID: 2387293 DOI: 10.1007/bf01979470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The susceptibility of 56 clinical isolates and two reference strains of Alcaligenes denitrificans subsp. xylosoxydans to beta-lactam agents was tested and related to beta-lactamase activity of the strains. The MICs of 12 beta-lactams determined by an agar dilution method showed that all the strains were sensitive to imipenem and moxalactam. Forty-one cloxacillin-sensitive beta-lactamase producing strains were highly susceptible to azlocillin, piperacillin and ticarcillin, and less susceptible to several cephalosporins (cefamandole, cefoperazone, ceftazidime). The 17 remaining beta-lactamase-producing strains, which were sensitive to clavulanic acid and to a lesser extent cloxacillin, had variable resistance to the penicillins tested and synergy was obtained when these penicillins were combined with clavulanic acid or tazobactam. The choice of agents for treatment of infections with this organism must take into account the susceptibility phenotype of clinical isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Mensah
- Service de Bactériologie, CHU Cochin, Paris, France
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Mensah K, Philippon A, Richard C, Grimont P. Infections nosocomiales a Alcaligenes denitrificans subsp. xylosoxidans : Sensibilite de 41 souches a 38 antibiotiques. Med Mal Infect 1989. [DOI: 10.1016/s0399-077x(89)80253-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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