1
|
Clinical Infections, Antibiotic Resistance, and Pathogenesis of Staphylococcus haemolyticus. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10061130. [PMID: 35744647 PMCID: PMC9231169 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10061130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus haemolyticus (S. haemolyticus) constitutes the main part of the human skin microbiota. It is widespread in hospitals and among medical staff, resulting in being an emerging microbe causing nosocomial infections. S. haemolyticus, especially strains that cause nosocomial infections, are more resistant to antibiotics than other coagulase-negative Staphylococci. There is clear evidence that the resistance genes can be acquired by other Staphylococcus species through S. haemolyticus. Severe infections are recorded with S. haemolyticus such as meningitis, endocarditis, prosthetic joint infections, bacteremia, septicemia, peritonitis, and otitis, especially in immunocompromised patients. In addition, S. haemolyticus species were detected in dogs, breed kennels, and food animals. The main feature of pathogenic S. haemolyticus isolates is the formation of a biofilm which is involved in catheter-associated infections and other nosocomial infections. Besides the biofilm formation, S. haemolyticus secretes other factors for bacterial adherence and invasion such as enterotoxins, hemolysins, and fibronectin-binding proteins. In this review, we give updates on the clinical infections associated with S. haemolyticus, highlighting the antibiotic resistance patterns of these isolates, and the virulence factors associated with the disease development.
Collapse
|
2
|
Asghari E, Kiel A, Kaltschmidt BP, Wortmann M, Schmidt N, Hüsgen B, Hütten A, Knabbe C, Kaltschmidt C, Kaltschmidt B. Identification of Microorganisms from Several Surfaces by MALDI-TOF MS: P. aeruginosa Is Leading in Biofilm Formation. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9050992. [PMID: 34064414 PMCID: PMC8147854 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9050992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
New ecological trends and changes in consumer behavior are known to favor biofilm formation in household appliances, increasing the need for new antimicrobial materials and surfaces. Their development requires laboratory-cultivated biofilms, or biofilm model systems (BMS), which allow for accelerated growth and offer better understanding of the underlying formation mechanisms. Here, we identified bacterial strains in wildtype biofilms from a variety of materials from domestic appliances using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectroscopy (MALDI-TOF-MS). Staphylococci and pseudomonads were identified by MALDI-TOF-MS as the main genera in the habitats and were analyzed for biofilm formation using various in vitro methods. Standard quantitative biofilm assays were combined with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to characterize biofilm formation. While Pseudomonas putida, a published lead germ, was not identified in any of the collected samples, Pseudomonas aeruginosa was found to be the most dominant biofilm producer. Water-born Pseudomonads were dominantly found in compartments with water contact only, such as in detergent compartment and detergent enemata. Furthermore, materials in contact with the washing load are predominantly colonized with bacteria from the human.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Asghari
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bielefeld, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany; (E.A.); (A.K.); (C.K.)
| | - Annika Kiel
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bielefeld, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany; (E.A.); (A.K.); (C.K.)
| | - Bernhard Peter Kaltschmidt
- Department of Thin Films & Physics of Nanostructures, Center of Spinelectronic Materials and Devices, Faculty of Physics, University of Bielefeld, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany; (B.P.K.); (A.H.)
| | - Martin Wortmann
- Department of Plastics Technology, University of Applied Sciences, 33619 Bielefeld, Germany; (M.W.); (B.H.)
| | - Nadine Schmidt
- Institute for Laboratory- and Transfusion Medicine, Heart- and Diabetes Centre NRW, Ruhr-University Bochum, 32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany; (N.S.); (C.K.)
| | - Bruno Hüsgen
- Department of Plastics Technology, University of Applied Sciences, 33619 Bielefeld, Germany; (M.W.); (B.H.)
| | - Andreas Hütten
- Department of Thin Films & Physics of Nanostructures, Center of Spinelectronic Materials and Devices, Faculty of Physics, University of Bielefeld, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany; (B.P.K.); (A.H.)
| | - Cornelius Knabbe
- Institute for Laboratory- and Transfusion Medicine, Heart- and Diabetes Centre NRW, Ruhr-University Bochum, 32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany; (N.S.); (C.K.)
| | - Christian Kaltschmidt
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bielefeld, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany; (E.A.); (A.K.); (C.K.)
| | - Barbara Kaltschmidt
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bielefeld, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany; (E.A.); (A.K.); (C.K.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Perl TM, Krüger WA, Houston A, Boyken LD, Pfaller MA, Herwaldt LA. Investigation of suspected nosocomial clusters of Staphylococcus haemolyticus infections. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 1999; 20:128-31. [PMID: 10064218 DOI: 10.1086/501599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether typing methods can discriminate among Staphylococcus haemolyticus isolates. DESIGN Molecular epidemiological evaluation of S. haemolyticus isolates obtained from patients hospitalized on a hematology service and in a surgical intensive-care unit (SICU). SETTING A large Midwestern teaching hospital. INTERVENTIONS None. RESULTS Over 22 days, S. haemolyticus was isolated from five patients on the hematology service. Isolates from four patients had the same unusual antibiogram and biotype. Ribotyping, restriction endonuclease digestion of plasmid DNA (REAP), and whole chromosomal DNA analysis by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) confirmed that these isolates were identical and different from the fifth patient's isolate and from 6 control isolates. In a second cluster, 11 S. haemolyticus isolates obtained from eight patients in the SICU had similar antibiograms and biotypes. By REAP and ribotype analysis, isolates from four patients were identical. However, PFGE indicated that only two of these patients shared a common strain. CONCLUSIONS Antibiograms or biotyping may discriminate among isolates of S. haemolyticus if the results of these tests are unusual. Many clinical isolates can be differentiated by REAP analysis, ribotyping, or PFGE. However, some isolates are identical by all of these methods, suggesting that they may have been transmitted nosocomially.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T M Perl
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kluytmans J, Berg H, Steegh P, Vandenesch F, Etienne J, van Belkum A. Outbreak of Staphylococcus schleiferi wound infections: strain characterization by randomly amplified polymorphic DNA analysis, PCR ribotyping, conventional ribotyping, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. J Clin Microbiol 1998; 36:2214-9. [PMID: 9665994 PMCID: PMC105016 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.36.8.2214-2219.1998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Within a 1-year period, six surgical-site infections (SSI) caused by Staphylococcus schleiferi were observed in the department of cardiac surgery of Ignatius Hospital, Breda, The Netherlands. Since outbreaks caused by this species of coagulase-negative staphylococci have not been described before, an extensive environmental survey and a case control study were performed in combination with molecular typing of the causative microorganism in order to identify potential sources of infection. Variability, as detected by four different genotyping methods (random amplification of polymorphic DNA [RAPD], conventional and PCR-mediated ribotyping, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis [PFGE] of DNA macro restriction fragments), appeared to be limited both among the clinical isolates and among several control strains obtained from various unrelated sources. Among unrelated strains, RAPD and PCR-mediated ribotyping identified two types only, whereas seven different types were identified in a relatively concordant manner by conventional ribotyping and PFGE. The latter two procedures proved to be the most useful tools for tracking the epidemiology of S. schleiferi. Four of the outbreak-related strains were identical by both methods, and two isolates showed limited differences. In the search for a potential source of S. schleiferi infection, two slightly different PFGE types were encountered on several occasions in the nose of a single surgeon. These strains were, however, clearly different from the outbreak type. In contrast, S. schleiferi cultures remained negative for two persons identified on the basis of case control analysis. It was demonstrated that SSI caused by S. schleiferi had a clinical impact for patients comparable to that of a wound infection caused by Staphylococcus aureus. This report describes the first well-documented outbreak of S. schleiferi infection. A source of the outbreak was not detected.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Kluytmans
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Ignatius Hospital Breda, The Netherlands.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Noordhoek GT, Scheltinga SA, Caesar P, Schouls LM, Degener JE. PCR-based DNA fingerprinting of Staphylococcus haemolyticus to investigate nosocomial infections. Clin Microbiol Infect 1997; 3:356-364. [PMID: 11864133 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-0691.1997.tb00626.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To apply PCR-based DNA fingerprinting in a clinical microbiology laboratory to investigate nosocomial infections with Staphylococcus haemolyticus. METHODS: DNA fingerprints were generated by PCR on 99 S. haemolyticus isolates using different primer combinations based on ERIC, REP or arbitrarily chosen simple repeat sequences. RESULTS: Primer combinations REP1+(GTC)6 and ERIC1+ERIC2 had sufficient discrimatory power and were chosen to analyze the clinical isolates. DNA fingerprint patterns from strains isolated from the patients nursed in the same hospital ward in the period 1991--94 were approximately 90% similar to each other. One staff member, sampled in 1991, carried a strain with a similar fingerprint. CONCLUSIONS: PCR based DNA fingerprinting is a suitable method to perform in a clinical laboratory. An S. haemolyticus strain appeared to be endemic in the hospital ward and had most probably been transmitted from patient to patient. S. haemolyticus may carry glycopeptide resistance and needs attention as a causative agent of nosocomial infections.
Collapse
|
6
|
Plasmid Analysis of 26 Staphylococcal Species by a Rapid Microscale Technique. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 1996. [DOI: 10.1017/s0195941700003040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
AbstractObjective:Evaluate a plasmid typing technique for a diverse group of staphylococci.Design:In vitro testing on known isolates.Setting:University hospital.Intervention:The plasmid content of 195 isolates representing 26 staphylococcal species was analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis following lysostaphin-alkaline-SDS lysis, with and without acetone treatment.Results:Isolates yielded plasmid profiles with 0 to 7 extra-chromosomal bands (median, 1; 1.5); 171 (88%) had a profile with at least 1 band. Species with more than one isolate available for testing showed considerable diversity of plasmid profiles, except forStaphylococcus haemolyticus.Conclusions:The ease of the procedure and the diversity of plasmid profiles within each species examined suggests that plasmid profiling is an accessible and useful epidemiologic tool applicable to most staphylococcal species by epidemiologic units or clinical laboratories.
Collapse
|
7
|
Herchline T, Maher W. Plasmid Analysis of 26 Staphylococcal Species by a Rapid Microscale Technique. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 1996. [DOI: 10.2307/30141305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
8
|
Meugnier H, Bes M, Vernozy-Rozand C, Mazuy C, Brun Y, Freney J, Fleurette J. Identification and ribotyping of Staphylococcus xylosus and Staphylococcus equorum strains isolated from goat milk and cheese. Int J Food Microbiol 1996; 31:325-31. [PMID: 8880319 DOI: 10.1016/0168-1605(96)00975-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Twenty-five strains of staphylococci isolated from goat milk and cheese were identified as belonging to the Staphylococcus xylosus/equorum group using the ID 32 Staph system (bioMérieux, Marcy-L'Etoile, France). This system, however, was not able to discriminate between these two species for 19 of the strains tested. Ribotyping was performed on these 25 strains, as well as on three reference strains of each of these two species. Hybridization membranes were scanned and analyzed using the Taxotron software package (Taxolab, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France). A dendrogram representation showed that ribotypes were distributed in two clear-cut clusters corresponding to S. equorum (21 strains) and S. xylosus (four strains).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Meugnier
- DERBA EA 1655, Faculté de Médecine Laennec, Lyon, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Muhammad G, Khan M, Athar M, Shakoor A. Clinical, microbiological and epidemiological features of an outbreak of ulcerative blepharitis associated with Staphylococcus epidermidis in buffalo herds. Prev Vet Med 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0167-5877(95)00519-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
10
|
Vandenesch F, Perrier-Gros-Claude JD, Bes M, Fuhrmann C, Delorme V, Mouren C, Etienne J. Staphylococcus pasteuri-specific oligonucleotide probes derived from a random amplified DNA fragment. FEMS Microbiol Lett 1995; 132:147-52. [PMID: 7590156 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.1995.tb07824.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
A rapid polymerase chain reaction method was developed to differentiate Staphylococcus pasteuri from other staphylococcal species, especially the phenotypically similar S. warneri. The oligonucleotide probes used as primers were designed from the sequence of a S. pasteuri random amplified polymorphic DNA fragment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Vandenesch
- Département de Recherche en Bactériologie Médicale UPR ES, Faculté de Médecine, Lyon, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Vandenesch F, Eykyn SJ, Bes M, Meugnier H, Fleurette J, Etienne J. Identification and ribotypes of Staphylococcus caprae isolates isolated as human pathogens and from goat milk. J Clin Microbiol 1995; 33:888-92. [PMID: 7790455 PMCID: PMC228061 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.33.4.888-892.1995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
We report five cases of human infection with Staphylococcus caprae. Two were community acquired (one case each of endocarditis and urinary tract infection); the other three were acquired in a hospital (two cases of bacteremia associated with intravenous access and one case of urinary tract infection). Analysis of human isolates and goat isolates from eight herds showed that they could be misidentified by some commercial identification systems but were clearly identified as S. caprae by ribotyping, according to their species-specific ribotype. Phylogenetic methods applied to the ribotypes did not reveal two distinct lineages corresponding to the goat and human origins of the isolates, although human ribotypes were clearly distinguishable by the presence of a core of four specific bands. The latter observation may reflect some degree of evolutionary change within the species between human and goat isolates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Vandenesch
- Département de Recherche en Bactériologie Médicale EA1655, Faculté de Médecine Alexis Carrel, Lyon, France
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Renaud F, Bornstein N, Meugnier H, Forey F, Bes M, Fleurette J. Clonal study of enterotoxin-B producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus. Epidemiol Infect 1994; 112:501-11. [PMID: 8005216 PMCID: PMC2271508 DOI: 10.1017/s0950268800051207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Sixty-nine Staphylococcus aureus strains, 39 of which produced staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB+) and 14 of which were associated with toxic shock (TS+), were studied using the following markers: serotyping, phage typing, antibiotyping, ribotyping, zymotyping and pulsed-field electrophoresis typing. Analysis of the results showed that the enterotoxin B producing strains were derived from at least three clones: the first two consisted of methicillin-susceptible strains, while the third included the methicillin-resistant (MRSA) strains. TS+ strains of nongenital origin appeared to be distributed between the three clones, with no specific characters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Renaud
- Research Department of Medical Bacteriology (RDMB), Faculté de Médecine Alexis-Carrel, Lyon, France
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Sotiropoulos C, Coloe PJ, Smith SC. Identification and characterization of Serpulina hyodysenteriae by restriction enzyme analysis and Southern blot analysis. J Clin Microbiol 1994; 32:1397-401. [PMID: 7914209 PMCID: PMC263714 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.32.5.1397-1401.1994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Chromosomal DNA restriction enzyme analysis and Southern blot hybridization were used to characterize Serpulina hyodysenteriae strains. When chromosomal DNAs from selected strains (reference serotypes) of S. hyodysenteriae were digested with the restriction endonuclease Sau3A and hybridized with a 1.1-kb S. hyodysenteriae-specific DNA probe, a common 3-kb band was always detected in S. hyodysenteriae strains but was absent from Serpulina innocens strains. When the chromosomal DNA was digested with the restriction endonuclease Asp 700 and hybridized with two S. hyodysenteriae-specific DNA probes (0.75 and 1.1 kb of DNA), distinct hybridization patterns for each S. hyodysenteriae reference strain and the Australian isolate S. hyodysenteriae 5380 were detected. Neither the 1.1-kb nor the 0.75-kb DNA probe hybridized with Asp 700- or Sau3A-digested S. innocens chromosomal DNA. The presence of the 3-kb Sau3A DNA fragment in S. hyodysenteriae reference strains from diverse geographical locations shows that this fragment is conserved among S. hyodysenteriae strains and can be used as a species-specific marker. Restriction endonuclease analysis and Southern blot hybridization with these well-defined DNA probes are reliable and accurate methods for species-specific and strain-specific identification of S. hyodysenteriae.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Sotiropoulos
- Department of Applied Biology and Biotechnology, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology University, Australia
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Vandenesch F, Lebeau C, Bes M, Lina G, Lina B, Greenland T, Benito Y, Brun Y, Fleurette J, Etienne J. Clotting activity in Staphylococcus schleiferi subspecies from human patients. J Clin Microbiol 1994; 32:388-92. [PMID: 8150947 PMCID: PMC263041 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.32.2.388-392.1994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus schleiferi subsp. schleiferi is a coagulase-negative staphylococcus, usually present as a contaminant in human specimens. A near relative, S. schleiferi subsp. coagulans, possesses coagulase activity but has not been reported from humans. We here describe three isolates of pseudocoagulase-positive S. schleiferi subsp. schleiferi and one isolate of S. schleiferi subsp. coagulans from human patients. The pseudocoagulase from the S. schleiferi subsp. schleiferi isolates differs from S. aureus staphylocoagulase by being sensitive to a combination of protease inhibitors (aprotinin, N-ethylmaleimide, and heparin). These isolates could all easily be confused with S. aureus in a typical clinical laboratory, since they all possess a heat-stable DNase and promote clotting formation. Moreover, S. schleiferi subsp. coagulans produces protein A, and S. schleiferi subsp. schleiferi expresses a clumping factor (fibrinogen affinity factor). Southern blot hybridization with an S. aureus coa-specific probe revealed no sequence related to the coa gene in any of the S. schleiferi isolates, and their riboprobe profiles and biochemical characteristics were typical of S. schleiferi subspecies, not of S. aureus. This study demonstrates that both subspecies of S. schleiferi can promote clotting of rabbit plasma in the standard tube test for coagulase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Vandenesch
- Département de Recherche en Bactériologie Médicale, Faculté de Médecine Alexis Carrel, Lyon, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Zambardi G, Meugnier H, Tissot-Guerraz F, Perraud M, Lefrancois N, Martin X, Freney J, Feleurette J. Intérêt du ribotypage pour l'étude des infections nosocomiales à Xanthomonas maltophilia. A propos d'une épidémie dans un Centre de Transplantation Rénale. Med Mal Infect 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/s0399-077x(05)81373-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
16
|
Vandenesch F, Projan SJ, Kreiswirth B, Etienne J, Novick RP. Agr-related sequences in Staphylococcus lugdunensis. FEMS Microbiol Lett 1993; 111:115-22. [PMID: 8359673 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.1993.tb06370.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Sequences related to the Staphylococcus aureus accessory gene regulator (agr) were demonstrated in S. lugdunensis by Southern blot analysis of 13 strains and sequencing of the S. lugdunensis agr-like locus (agr-sl). Northern blot analysis of cellular RNA revealed the presence of a transcript having homology with the agr-P3 transcript (RNAIII) for three of the six strains tested. The three strains containing this transcript produce a hemolysin with phenotypic properties similar to that of S. aureus delta-hemolysin. Nevertheless, unlike agr-P3 from S. aureus, agr-sl does not encode any potential peptide homologous to S. aureus delta-hemolysin, suggesting that the hemolytic activity detected in S. lugdunensis is encoded elsewhere and may be controlled by agr-sl.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Vandenesch
- Département de Recherche en Bactériologie Médicale, Lyon, France
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Vandenesch F, Lina B, Lebeau C, Greenland TB, Etienne J. Epidemiological markers of coagulase-negative staphylococci. Intensive Care Med 1993; 19:311-5. [PMID: 8227720 DOI: 10.1007/bf01694703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Several different epidemiological typing methods have been used in studies of coagulase-negative staphylococci; these include biotyping, antibiotic susceptibility pattern analysis, serological typing, phage typing, slime production detection, protein profile analysis, immunoblot fingerprinting and DNA typing. The most frequently used tests are antibiotic susceptibility and extrachromosomal DNA banding patterns. Comparison of chromosomal DNA restriction patterns is facilitated when the fragments are separated by pulsed-field electrophoresis. Typing variations occur quite frequently even in isolates of demonstrated clinical significance. Caution should therefore be exercised in denying the clinical relevance of coagulase-negative staphylococci, even when successive isolates show distinct typing differences.
Collapse
|
18
|
Beaulieu D, Scriver S, Bergeron MG, Low DE, Parr TR, Patterson JE, Matlow A, Roy PH. Epidemiological typing of Moraxella catarrhalis by using DNA probes. J Clin Microbiol 1993; 31:736-9. [PMID: 8096219 PMCID: PMC262859 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.31.3.736-739.1993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Small-fragment restriction enzyme analysis and DNA-DNA hybridization were used to compare 60 strains of Moraxella catarrhalis isolated from various geographic locations. Restriction enzyme analysis with HaeIII resulted in 46 different patterns, 7 of which were shared by more than one isolate. Hybridizations with two DNA probes resulted in 18 different patterns, 11 of which were shared by more than one isolate. Strains with the same restriction enzyme pattern always had the same hybridization pattern. However, of the 50 strains that shared the 11 hybridization patterns, 39 could be further differentiated by restriction enzyme analysis. We found that hybridization is a method that is specific for the epidemiological typing of M. catarrhalis, but because of limited sensitivity, combination with small-fragment restriction enzyme analysis may be necessary to better determine the relatedness of strains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Beaulieu
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285-0428
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Lina B, Vandenesch F, Etienne J, Kreiswirth B, Fleurette J. Comparison of coagulase-negative staphylococci by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. FEMS Microbiol Lett 1992. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.1992.tb05248.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
|