1
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Pauszek SJ, O'Donnell VK, Faburay B. Genome sequence of a vesicular stomatitis Indiana virus isolate collected in 1988 from a naturally infected bovine in Mexico. Microbiol Resour Announc 2024; 13:e0001224. [PMID: 38629846 PMCID: PMC11080555 DOI: 10.1128/mra.00012-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
We report the near-full genome sequence of a vesicular stomatitis Indiana virus (VSIV) originally collected from a naturally infected bovine in south-central Mexico. This sequence represents a coding-complete genome sequence of a VSIV from Mexico, a country where vesicular stomatitis is endemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven J. Pauszek
- United States Department of Agriculture, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Foreign Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, National Veterinary Services Laboratories, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Orient, New York, USA
| | - Vivian K. O'Donnell
- United States Department of Agriculture, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Foreign Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, National Veterinary Services Laboratories, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Orient, New York, USA
| | - Bonto Faburay
- United States Department of Agriculture, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Foreign Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, National Veterinary Services Laboratories, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Orient, New York, USA
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2
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Nfon C, Lusansky D, Goolia M, Yang M, Hole K, McIntyre L. Competitive Luminex immunoassays for detection of antibodies to foot-and-mouth disease and vesicular stomatitis viruses in multiple susceptible hosts. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH = REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE VETERINAIRE 2018; 82:316-321. [PMID: 30363380 PMCID: PMC6168021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) and vesicular stomatitis (VS) cause such similar clinical signs and lesions that laboratory tests are required to distinguish between infections caused by each virus. Using mouse anti-foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) 3B monoclonal or polyclonal anti-vesicular stomatitis virus-New Jersey (VSV-NJ) antibodies and recombinant FMDV 3ABC or VSV-NJ glycoprotein (G) antigens coated to MagPlex beads, competitive Luminex immunoassays (cLIAs) were developed for FMDV and VSV-NJ, respectively. The cLIAs successfully detected antibodies to FMDV 3ABC and VSV-NJ G in sera from infected animals. The diagnostic sensitivity and specificity were 93% and 98%, respectively for FMDV and 93% and 95.4%, respectively for VSV-NJ. These cLIAs are potential alternatives for competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (cELISAs) and provide the opportunity for multiplexing to reduce time and the amount of serum required for testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Nfon
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, 1015 Arlington Street, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 3M4
| | - Diana Lusansky
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, 1015 Arlington Street, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 3M4
| | - Melissa Goolia
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, 1015 Arlington Street, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 3M4
| | - Ming Yang
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, 1015 Arlington Street, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 3M4
| | - Kate Hole
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, 1015 Arlington Street, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 3M4
| | - Leanne McIntyre
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, 1015 Arlington Street, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 3M4
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3
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Tolardo AL, Souza WMD, Romeiro MF, Vieira LC, Luna LKDS, Henriques DA, Araujo JD, Siqueira CEH, Colombo TE, Aquino VH, Fonseca BALD, Bronzoni RVDM, Nogueira ML, Durigon EL, Figueiredo LTM. A real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction for detection and quantification of Vesiculovirus. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2017; 111:385-90. [PMID: 27276185 PMCID: PMC4909037 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760150456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Vesiculoviruses (VSV) are zoonotic viruses that cause vesicular stomatitis disease in cattle, horses and pigs, as well as sporadic human cases of acute febrile illness. Therefore, diagnosis of VSV infections by reliable laboratory techniques is important to allow a proper case management and implementation of strategies for the containment of virus spread. We show here a sensitive and reproducible real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for detection and quantification of VSV. The assay was evaluated with arthropods and serum samples obtained from horses, cattle and patients with acute febrile disease. The real-time RT-PCR amplified the Piry, Carajas, Alagoas and Indiana Vesiculovirus at a melting temperature 81.02 ± 0.8ºC, and the sensitivity of assay was estimated in 10 RNA copies/mL to the Piry Vesiculovirus. The viral genome has been detected in samples of horses and cattle, but not detected in human sera or arthropods. Thus, this assay allows a preliminary differential diagnosis of VSV infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Lavado Tolardo
- Universidade de São Paulo, Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Centro de Pesquisa em Virologia, Ribeirão Preto SP , Brasil, Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Centro de Pesquisa em Virologia, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - William Marciel de Souza
- Universidade de São Paulo, Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Centro de Pesquisa em Virologia, Ribeirão Preto SP , Brasil, Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Centro de Pesquisa em Virologia, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - Marilia Farignoli Romeiro
- Universidade de São Paulo, Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Centro de Pesquisa em Virologia, Ribeirão Preto SP , Brasil, Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Centro de Pesquisa em Virologia, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - Luiz Carlos Vieira
- Universidade de São Paulo, Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Centro de Pesquisa em Virologia, Ribeirão Preto SP , Brasil, Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Centro de Pesquisa em Virologia, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - Luciano Kleber de Souza Luna
- Universidade de São Paulo, Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Centro de Pesquisa em Virologia, Ribeirão Preto SP , Brasil, Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Centro de Pesquisa em Virologia, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - Dyana Alves Henriques
- Universidade de São Paulo, Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Laboratório de Virologia Clínica e Molecular, São Paulo SP , Brasil, Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Laboratório de Virologia Clínica e Molecular, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Jansen de Araujo
- Universidade de São Paulo, Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Laboratório de Virologia Clínica e Molecular, São Paulo SP , Brasil, Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Laboratório de Virologia Clínica e Molecular, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Carlos Eduardo Hassegawa Siqueira
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Centro Universitário de Sinop, Sinop MT , Brasil, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Centro Universitário de Sinop, Sinop, MT, Brasil
| | - Tatiana Elias Colombo
- Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, Laboratório de Pesquisa em Virologia, São José do Rio Preto SP , Brasil, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, Laboratório de Pesquisa em Virologia, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - Victor Hugo Aquino
- Universidade de São Paulo, Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Ribeirão Preto SP , Brasil, Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Laboratório de Virologia, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - Benedito Antonio Lopes da Fonseca
- Universidade de São Paulo, Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Centro de Pesquisa em Virologia, Ribeirão Preto SP , Brasil, Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Centro de Pesquisa em Virologia, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - Roberta Vieira de Morais Bronzoni
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Centro Universitário de Sinop, Sinop MT , Brasil, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Centro Universitário de Sinop, Sinop, MT, Brasil
| | - Maurício Lacerda Nogueira
- Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, Laboratório de Pesquisa em Virologia, São José do Rio Preto SP , Brasil, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, Laboratório de Pesquisa em Virologia, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - Edison Luiz Durigon
- Universidade de São Paulo, Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Laboratório de Virologia Clínica e Molecular, São Paulo SP , Brasil, Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Laboratório de Virologia Clínica e Molecular, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Luiz Tadeu Moraes Figueiredo
- Universidade de São Paulo, Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Centro de Pesquisa em Virologia, Ribeirão Preto SP , Brasil, Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Centro de Pesquisa em Virologia, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
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4
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Mesquita LP, Diaz MH, Howerth EW, Stallknecht DE, Noblet R, Gray EW, Mead DG. Pathogenesis of Vesicular Stomatitis New Jersey Virus Infection in Deer Mice ( Peromyscus maniculatus) Transmitted by Black Flies ( Simulium vittatum). Vet Pathol 2016; 54:74-81. [PMID: 27312365 DOI: 10.1177/0300985816653172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The natural transmission of vesicular stomatitis New Jersey virus (VSNJV), an arthropod-borne virus, is not completely understood. Rodents may have a role as reservoir or amplifying hosts. In this study, juvenile and nestling deer mice ( Peromyscus maniculatus) were exposed to VSNJV-infected black fly ( Simulium vittatum) bites followed by a second exposure to naive black flies on the nestling mice. Severe neurological signs were observed in some juvenile mice by 6 to 8 days postinoculation (DPI); viremia was not detected in 25 juvenile deer mice following exposure to VSNJV-infected fly bites. Both juvenile and nestling mice had lesions and viral antigen in the central nervous system (CNS); in juveniles, their distribution suggested that the sensory pathway was the most likely route to the CNS. In contrast, a hematogenous route was probably involved in nestling mice, since all of these mice developed viremia and had widespread antigen distribution in the CNS and other tissues on 2 DPI. VSNJV was recovered from naive flies that fed on viremic nestling mice. This is the first report of viremia in a potential natural host following infection with VSNJV via insect bite and conversely of an insect becoming infected with VSNJV by feeding on a viremic host. These results, along with histopathology and immunohistochemistry, show that nestling mice have widespread dissemination of VSNJV following VSNJV-infected black fly bite and are a potential reservoir or amplifying host for VSNJV.
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Affiliation(s)
- L P Mesquita
- 1 Department of Pathology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.,2 Department of Pathology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M H Diaz
- 3 Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.,4 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Bacterial Diseases, Respiratory Diseases Branch, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - E W Howerth
- 1 Department of Pathology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - D E Stallknecht
- 3 Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - R Noblet
- 5 Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - E W Gray
- 5 Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - D G Mead
- 3 Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
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5
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Hole K, Clavijo A, Pineda LA. Detection and Serotype-Specific Differentiation of Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Using a Multiplex, Real-Time, Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction Assay. J Vet Diagn Invest 2016; 18:139-46. [PMID: 16617693 DOI: 10.1177/104063870601800201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A multiplex, real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay was developed that allowed simultaneous detection and rapid differentiation of vesicular stomatitis virus strains—New Jersey (VSV-NJ) and Indiana 1, 2, and 3 (VSV-IN1–3). This assay involves use of a set of VSV universal primers located in the L gene that amplify VSV-IN1–3 and VSV-NJ using probes that allow differentiation of the major serotypes Indiana and New Jersey. The assay was evaluated using reference VSV, foot-and-mouth disease virus, swine vesicular disease virus, and vesicular exanthema of swine virus. To estimate diagnostic sensitivity, 159 epithelial samples collected between 1996 and 2002 from naturally infected cattle in Colombia were used. The assay cut off was calculated by testing RNA extracted from 150 virus-negative bovine tissues consisting of tongue, soft palate, muzzle, coronary band, and lymph node. All infected cattle were test positive for VS by results of real-time RT-PCR analysis; results for 156 of 159 (98.1%) agreed with the serotype determination from the complement-fixation test. Amplification did not occur in any of the negative bovine epithelial samples, allowing the cut-off values for the assay to be set. The real-time RT-PCR assay was documented to be sensitive and specific for the detection of VSV-NJ and VSV-IN (1–3) strains from field samples in a single reaction, thereby supporting use of this assay in the differential diagnosis of vesicular virus diseases in cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Hole
- National Center for Foreign Animal Disease, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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6
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Phylogeographic characteristics of vesicular stomatitis New Jersey viruses circulating in Mexico from 2005 to 2011 and their relationship to epidemics in the United States. Virology 2014; 449:17-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2013.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2013] [Revised: 08/17/2013] [Accepted: 10/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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7
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Sun C, Zhao K, Chen K, He W, Su G, Sun X, Wang L, Pan W, Zhang W, Gao F, Song D. Development of a convenient immunochromatographic strip for the diagnosis of vesicular stomatitis virus serotype Indiana infections. J Virol Methods 2013; 188:57-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2012.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2012] [Revised: 12/03/2012] [Accepted: 12/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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8
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Smith PF, Howerth EW, Carter D, Gray EW, Noblet R, Berghaus RD, Stallknecht DE, Mead DG. Host predilection and transmissibility of vesicular stomatitis New Jersey virus strains in domestic cattle (Bos taurus) and swine (Sus scrofa). BMC Vet Res 2012; 8:183. [PMID: 23034141 PMCID: PMC3514395 DOI: 10.1186/1746-6148-8-183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2012] [Accepted: 09/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiologic data collected during epidemics in the western United States combined with limited experimental studies involving swine and cattle suggest that host predilection of epidemic vesicular stomatitis New Jersey virus (VSNJV) strains results in variations in clinical response, extent and duration of virus shedding and transmissibility following infection in different hosts. Laboratory challenge of livestock with heterologous VSNJV strains to investigate potential viral predilections for these hosts has not been thoroughly investigated. In separate trials, homologous VSNJV strains (NJ82COB and NJ82AZB), and heterologous strains (NJ06WYE and NJOSF [Ossabaw Island, sand fly]) were inoculated into cattle via infected black fly bite. NJ82AZB and NJ06WYE were similarly inoculated into swine. RESULTS Clinical scores among viruses infecting cattle were significantly different and indicated that infection with a homologous virus resulted in more severe clinical presentation and greater extent and duration of viral shedding. No differences in clinical severity or extent and duration of viral shedding were detected in swine. CONCLUSIONS Differences in clinical presentation and extent and duration of viral shedding may have direct impacts on viral spread during epidemics. Viral transmission via animal-to-animal contact and insect vectored transmission are likely to occur at higher rates when affected animals are presenting severe clinical signs and shedding high concentrations of virus. More virulent viral strains resulting in more severe disease in livestock hosts are expected to spread more rapidly and greater distances during epidemics than those causing mild or inapparent signs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul F Smith
- Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of Georgia, 120 Cedar Street, 413 Biological Sciences Building, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Elizabeth W Howerth
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, 501 D.W. Brooks Drive, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Deborah Carter
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, 501 D.W. Brooks Drive, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Elmer W Gray
- Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of Georgia, 120 Cedar Street, 413 Biological Sciences Building, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Raymond Noblet
- Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of Georgia, 120 Cedar Street, 413 Biological Sciences Building, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Roy D Berghaus
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, 953 College Station Road, Athens, GA, 30605, USA
| | - David E Stallknecht
- Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, 589 D.W. Brooks Drive, Wildlife Health Building, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Daniel G Mead
- Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, 589 D.W. Brooks Drive, Wildlife Health Building, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
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Arshed MJ, Magnuson RJ, Triantis J, Abubakar M, Van Campen H, Salman M. Comparison of RNA extraction methods to augment the sensitivity for the differentiation of vesicular stomatitis virus Indiana1 and New Jersey. J Clin Lab Anal 2011; 25:95-9. [PMID: 21438000 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.20439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Two methods for the extraction of RNA of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) Indiana1 and New Jersey and their simultaneous amplification by one-step polymerase chain reaction using reverse transcriptase were evaluated. A guanidine-thiocyanate-based RNA extraction (Qiagen RNeasy Mini Kit, Qiagen, Valencia, CA ) followed by column-based purification coupled with one-step RT-PCR proved to be a simple, safe, practicable, and reliable tool for rapid, highly sensitive, and specific differential diagnosis of both types of VSV in cell lysate and spiked tissue samples as compared with the tri-phasic extraction method (Tri-reagent method). When RNA was extracted either from VSV cell culture stock or from VSV spiked bovine lymph nodes by using Qiagen RNeasy Mini Kit, the detection limit in the multiplex RT-PCR was as low as 0.505 to 2.84 TCID(50) for VSV-IND and VSV-NJ, respectively. The multiplex RT-PCR consistently detected VSV-IND and NJ RNA in as little as 0.1-1.0 fg of total RNA from spiked BHK-21 cell suspension when Qiagen RNeasy mini kit was used. The multiplex RT-PCR assay was capable of detecting both types of VSV in a one-step reaction tube. The minimum sensitivity of this assay in various experiments was 0.1683 TCID(50) (IND), 0.0946 TCID(50) (NJ), and 0.057 fg (IND and NJ) per 2 µl PCR sample, which is significantly more sensitive than reported previously (0.28-2.8 TCID50/1 µl). So the present study improved the sensitivity of previously reported multiplex RT-PCR for the detection and differentiation of VSV-IND and VSV-NJ in a single assay.
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Smith PF, Howerth EW, Carter D, Gray EW, Noblet R, Smoliga G, Rodriguez LL, Mead DG. Domestic cattle as a non-conventional amplifying host of vesicular stomatitis New Jersey virus. MEDICAL AND VETERINARY ENTOMOLOGY 2011; 25:184-191. [PMID: 21133963 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2915.2010.00932.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The role of vertebrates as amplifying and maintenance hosts for vesicular stomatitis New Jersey virus (VSNJV) remains unclear. Livestock have been considered dead-end hosts because detectable viraemia is absent in VSNJV-infected animals. This study demonstrated two situations in which cattle can represent a source of VSNJV to Simulium vittatum Zetterstedt (Diptera: Simuliidae) by serving: (a) as a substrate for horizontal transmission among co-feeding black flies, and (b) as a source of infection to uninfected black flies feeding on sites where VSNJV-infected black flies have previously fed. Observed co-feeding transmission rates ranged from 0% to 67%. Uninfected flies physically separated from infected flies by a distance of up to 11 cm were able to acquire virus during feeding although the rate of transmission decreased as the distance between infected and uninfected flies increased. Acquisition of VSNJV by uninfected flies feeding on initial inoculation sites at 24 h, 48 h and 72 h post-infection, in both the presence and absence of vesicular lesions, was detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- P F Smith
- Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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11
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Perez AM, Pauszek SJ, Jimenez D, Kelley WN, Whedbee Z, Rodriguez LL. Spatial and phylogenetic analysis of vesicular stomatitis virus over-wintering in the United States. Prev Vet Med 2010; 93:258-64. [PMID: 19962205 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2009.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andres M Perez
- Center for Animal Diseases Modeling and Surveillance (CADMS), Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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12
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Smith PF, Howerth EW, Carter D, Gray EW, Noblet R, Mead DG. Mechanical transmission of vesicular stomatitis New Jersey virus by Simulium vittatum (Diptera: Simuliidae) to domestic swine (Sus scrofa). JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2009; 46:1537-1540. [PMID: 19960709 DOI: 10.1603/033.046.0643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Biting flies have been suggested as mechanical vectors of vesicular stomatitis New Jersey Virus (family Rhabdoviridae, genus Vesiculovirus, VSNJV) in livestock populations during epidemic outbreaks in the western United States. We conducted a proof-of-concept study to determine whether biting flies could mechanically transmit VSNJV to livestock by using a black fly, Simulium vittatum Zetterstedt (Diptera: Simuliidae), domestic swine, Sus scrofa L., model. Black flies mechanically transmitted VSNJV to a naive host after interrupted feeding on a vesicular lesion on a previously infected host. Transmission resulted in clinical disease in the naïve host. This is the first demonstration of mechanical transmission of VSNJV to livestock by insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul F Smith
- Department of Entomology, 413 Biological Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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13
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McClenahan SD, Bok K, Neill JD, Smith AW, Rhodes CR, Sosnovtsev SV, Green KY, Romero CH. A capsid gene-based real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assay for the detection of marine vesiviruses in the Caliciviridae. J Virol Methods 2009; 161:12-8. [PMID: 19410604 PMCID: PMC2716420 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2009.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2008] [Revised: 04/20/2009] [Accepted: 04/23/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rtRT-PCR) assay was developed for the identification of marine vesiviruses. The primers were designed to target a 176-nucleotide fragment within a highly conserved region of the San Miguel sea lion viruses (SMSVs) capsid gene. The assay detected viral RNA from nine marine vesivirus serotypes described previously, including two serotypes (SMSV-8 and -12) not identified with presently available molecular assays, a highly related bovine vesivirus strain (Bos-1), a mink vesivirus strain (MCV), and two novel genotypes isolated recently from Steller sea lions (SSL V810 and V1415). The real-time assay did not amplify sequences from the corresponding genomic regions of feline calicivirus (also in the genus Vesivirus) and representative members of the genus Norovirus. The rtRT-PCR assay described below may prove useful as a diagnostic tool for the detection of currently circulating, emerging and previously described marine vesiviruses in clinical samples, especially when large numbers are screened in surveillance studies of these restricted viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shasta D. McClenahan
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, 2015 SW 16th Ave., Bldg 1017, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Karin Bok
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - John D. Neill
- National Animal Disease Center, USDA, Ames, IA 50010, USA
| | - Alvin W. Smith
- Laboratory for Calicivirus Studies, Oregon State University Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Crystal R. Rhodes
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Stanislav V. Sosnovtsev
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kim Y. Green
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Carlos H. Romero
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, 2015 SW 16th Ave., Bldg 1017, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
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14
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Wilson WC, Letchworth GJ, Jiménez C, Herrero MV, Navarro R, Paz P, Cornish TE, Smoliga G, Pauszek SJ, Dornak C, George M, Rodriguez LL. Field Evaluation of a Multiplex Real-Time Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction Assay for Detection of Vesicular Stomatitis Virus. J Vet Diagn Invest 2009; 21:179-86. [DOI: 10.1177/104063870902100201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sporadic outbreaks of vesicular stomatitis (VS) in the United States result in significant economic losses for the U.S. livestock industries because VS is a reportable disease that clinically mimics foot-and-mouth disease. Rapid and accurate differentiation of these 2 diseases is critical because their consequences and control strategies differ radically. The objective of the current study was to field validate a 1-tube multiplexed real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (real-time RT-PCR) assay for the rapid detection of Vesicular stomatitis New Jersey virus and Vesicular stomatitis Indiana virus strains occurring in Mexico and North and Central America. A comprehensive collection of 622 vesicular lesion samples obtained from cattle, horses, and swine from throughout Mexico and Central America was tested by the real-time RT-PCR assay and virus isolation. Overall, clinical sensitivity and specificity of the real-time RT-PCR were 83% and 99%, respectively. Interestingly, VS virus isolates originating from a specific region of Costa Rica were not detected by real-time RT-PCR. Sequence comparisons of these viruses with the real-time RT-PCR probe and primers showed mismatches in the probe and forward and reverse primer regions. Additional lineage-specific primers and a probe corrected the lack of detection of the missing genetic lineage. Thus, this assay reliably identified existing Mexican and Central American VS viruses and proved readily adaptable as new VS viruses were encountered. An important secondary result of this research was the collection of hundreds of new VS virus isolates that provide a foundation from which many additional studies can arise.
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Affiliation(s)
- William C. Wilson
- the Arthropod-Borne Diseases Research Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Laramie, WY
| | - Geoffrey J. Letchworth
- the Arthropod-Borne Diseases Research Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Laramie, WY
| | - Carlos Jiménez
- Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional, Heredia, Costa Rica
| | - Marco V. Herrero
- Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional, Heredia, Costa Rica
| | - Roberto Navarro
- Comisión México-Estados Unidos para la Prevención de la Fiebre Aftosa y otras Enfermedades Exóticas de los Animales, Mexico
| | - Pedro Paz
- Comisión México-Estados Unidos para la Prevención de la Fiebre Aftosa y otras Enfermedades Exóticas de los Animales, Mexico
| | - Todd E. Cornish
- the Department of Veterinary Science, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY
| | - George Smoliga
- Plum Island Animal Disease Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Greenport, NY
| | - Steven J. Pauszek
- Plum Island Animal Disease Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Greenport, NY
| | - Carrie Dornak
- the Department of Veterinary Science, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY
| | - Marcos George
- Laboratorio de Diagnóstico de Enfermedades Vesiculares, Panama City, Panama
| | - Luis L. Rodriguez
- Plum Island Animal Disease Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Greenport, NY
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15
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Fernández J, Agüero M, Romero L, Sánchez C, Belák S, Arias M, Sánchez-Vizcaíno JM. Rapid and differential diagnosis of foot-and-mouth disease, swine vesicular disease, and vesicular stomatitis by a new multiplex RT-PCR assay. J Virol Methods 2007; 147:301-11. [PMID: 17964668 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2007.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2007] [Revised: 09/19/2007] [Accepted: 09/20/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
A highly sensitive and specific one-step multiplex RT-PCR assay has been developed and standardised for the simultaneous and differential detection of the most important vesicular viruses affecting livestock: foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV), swine vesicular disease virus (SVDV), and vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV). The method uses three primer sets, each one specific for the corresponding virus, selected to detect of all serotypes of FMD and VS. The detection range was confirmed by examination of a collection of 31 isolates of the three target viruses. The specificity of the assay was also demonstrated by testing other related viruses, uninfected cell line cultures and healthy pig tissues. The testing of blood and serum samples from animals infected experimentally proved that the method can be useful for early diagnosis of the diseases, even before the first vesicular lesions are visualized in the infected pigs. An assessment of the performance of the multiplex RT-PCR was carried out using a panel of more than 100 samples from animals infected experimentally, showing the suitability of the method for a rapid (less than 6h), sensitive and specific differential diagnosis in clinical samples. Additionally, a uniplex RT-PCR for VSV, that amplifies the two viral serotypes, was also developed and tested as a rapid tool for the diagnosis of this vesicular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jovita Fernández
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA-INIA), Valdeolmos, Madrid, Spain.
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16
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Rainwater-Lovett K, Pauszek SJ, Kelley WN, Rodriguez LL. Molecular epidemiology of vesicular stomatitis New Jersey virus from the 2004–2005 US outbreak indicates a common origin with Mexican strains. J Gen Virol 2007; 88:2042-2051. [PMID: 17554039 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.82644-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Vesicular stomatitis (VS) outbreaks of unknown origin occur at 8–10-year intervals in the south-western USA with the most recent outbreak beginning in 2004. A previous study has suggested that strains causing US outbreaks are closely related to strains causing outbreaks in Mexico [Rodriguez (2002) Virus Res
85, 211–219]. This study determined the phylogenetic relationships among 116 vesicular stomatitis New Jersey virus (VSNJV) strains obtained from the 2004 outbreak and from endemic areas in Mexico. All 69 US viruses showed little sequence divergence (≤1.3 %), regardless of their location or time of collection, and clustered with 11 Mexican viruses into a genetic lineage not previously present in the USA. Furthermore, viruses with identical phosphoprotein hypervariable region sequences to those causing the US outbreaks in 1995–1997 and 2004–2005 were found circulating in Mexico between 2002 and 2004. Molecular adaptation analysis provided evidence for positive selection in the phosphoprotein and glycoprotein genes during a south-to-north migration among 69 US viruses collected between the spring and autumn of 2004 and 2005. Phylogenetic data, temporal–spatial distribution and the finding of viral strains identical to those causing major outbreaks in the USA circulating in Mexico demonstrated that VS outbreaks in the south-western USA are the result of the introduction of viral strains from endemic areas in Mexico.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlin Rainwater-Lovett
- Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, PO Box 848, Greenport, NY 11944, USA
| | - Steven J Pauszek
- Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, PO Box 848, Greenport, NY 11944, USA
| | - William N Kelley
- Veterinary Services, Animal Plant Health Inspection Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 2150 Centre Avenue, Building B, Fort Collins, CO 80526, USA
| | - Luis L Rodriguez
- Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, PO Box 848, Greenport, NY 11944, USA
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17
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Coleman JW, Ogin-Wilson E, Johnson JE, Nasar F, Zamb TP, Clarke DK, Hendry RM, Udem SA. Quantitative multiplex assay for simultaneous detection of the Indiana serotype of vesicular stomatitis virus and HIV gag. J Virol Methods 2007; 143:55-64. [PMID: 17382412 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2007.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2006] [Revised: 02/07/2007] [Accepted: 02/16/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Assessment of in vivo viral replication of live attenuated recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus (rVSV) vaccine vector candidates encoding HIV gag requires comprehensive preclinical safety studies, and development of sensitive assays to monitor the outcome of vaccination of animals is important. In this study, two 2-step quantitative real-time RT-PCR assays were developed; a singleplex assay to detect VSV genomic RNA from ferrets inoculated intra-cranially (IC) or intra-nasally (IN) with either a wild-type (wt) virus or an attenuated rVSV vector engineered to express HIV gag protein, and a duplex assay to simultaneously detect VSV-N and HIV-gag mRNAs from cynomolgus macaques inoculated intra-thalamically (IT) with the same viruses. Using synthetic oligonucleotides as standards, the lower limit of detection of VSV-N and HIV-gag was 50 copies. Results showed high levels of wt VSV(IN) genomic RNA and mRNA in ferret and macaque tissues, respectively, and significantly lower levels of VSV genomic RNA and VSV-N and HIV-gag mRNAs in tissues from animals inoculated with the attenuated rVSV vector. These assays correlated with both the course of infection for these animals, and the infectious viral load measured by a standard plaque assay, and could be used to determine the safety profile of rVSV vaccine vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- John W Coleman
- Wyeth Vaccines Research, 401 N. Middletown Road, Pearl River, NY 10965, USA.
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18
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Diniz JAP, Nunes MRT, Travassos da Rosa APA, Cruz ACR, de Souza W, Medeiros DBA, Chiang JO, Vasconcelos PFC. Characterization of two new rhabdoviruses isolated from midges (Culicoides SPP) in the Brazilian Amazon: proposed members of a new genus, Bracorhabdovirus. Arch Virol 2006; 151:2519-27. [PMID: 16835701 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-006-0812-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2006] [Accepted: 06/01/2006] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Itacaiunas and Curionopolis viruses were isolated from Culicoides midges in Parauapebas municipality, Pará state, Brazil, in 1984 and 1985, respectively. Itacaiunas virus infected newborn mice and mosquito cells (C6/36), but did not replicate in some mammalian cell lineages; while Curionopolis virus infected only mice. Neither virus showed a serological relationship with any of the 195 known arboviruses circulating in Brazil, nor against 38 other rhabdoviruses isolated worldwide. Both virus particles are bullet-shaped and similar in morphology to that observed for other members of the family Rhabdoviridae. Partial nucleotide sequencing of the N protein showed that those two viruses constitute a separate clade in the family Rhabdoviridae, which we propose to be a new genus, designated Bracorhabdovirus.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A P Diniz
- Seção de Microscopia Eletrônica, Instituto Evandro Chagas, SVS, Ministério da Saúde, Belém, Brazil
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19
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Bonutti DW, Figueiredo LTM. Diagnosis of Brazilian vesiculoviruses by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2005; 100:193-6. [PMID: 16021308 DOI: 10.1590/s0074-02762005000200014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and a nested-PCR for diagnosis of Piry, Carajás, Cocal, and Alagoas vesiculoviruses from Brazil. The RNA extracts of viral and clinical samples were submitted to a RT-PCR using Vesiculovirus G primers that amplify part of the glycoprotein gene. The RT-PCR produced amplicons of expected size, 290 base pair, for the four studied viruses. The RT-PCR showed a high sensitivity being 151.3 times (2.18 log) more sensitive for the detection of Piry virus than the classical procedure for virus detection in tissue culture based on the viral cytophatic effect. Amplicons had nucleotides sequenced and were aligned in order to select internal primers for a nested-PCR to confirm the origin of Piry, Carajás, Cocal, and Alagoas Vesiculovirus. Ten blood and tarsal pad epithelial samples of infected Guinea-pigs had Vesiculovirus genome amplified by RT-nested-PCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Wey Bonutti
- Centro de Pesquisa em Virologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, 14049-000 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
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20
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Rasmussen TB, Uttenthal A, Fernández J, Storgaard T. Quantitative multiplex assay for simultaneous detection and identification of Indiana and New Jersey serotypes of vesicular stomatitis virus. J Clin Microbiol 2005; 43:356-62. [PMID: 15634994 PMCID: PMC540114 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.43.1.356-362.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to establish a rapid and reliable system for the detection of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), we developed a quantitative reverse transcription-PCR assay for the detection, quantification, and differentiation of the major serotypes, VSV Indiana and VSV New Jersey, using a closed-tube multiplex format. The detection system is based on the recently invented primer-probe energy transfer (PriProET) system. A region of the gene encoding the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase was amplified by using VSV-specific primers in the presence of two serotype-specific fluorescent probes. By incorporating nucleotide analogues in the primers, both serotypes were amplified with similar efficiencies. The generation of specific amplicons resulted in fluorescent signals for either of the two serotypes, and the specificities of the reactions were confirmed from the melting temperature profiles of the fluorescent probes. The limits of detection were found to be less than 10 50% tissue culture infective doses/ml for both serotypes. The diagnostic value of the new method was tested with clinical materials from experimentally infected pigs, and it is concluded that the method is a powerful tool for the rapid identification of VSV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas B Rasmussen
- Department of Virology, Danish Institute for Food and Veterinary Research, Lindholm, DK-4771 Kalvehave, Denmark
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21
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Magnuson RJ, Triantis J, Rodriguez LL, Perkins A, Meredith CO, Beaty B, McCluskey B, Salman M. A single-tube multiplex reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction for detection and differentiation of vesicular stomatitis Indiana 1 and New Jersey viruses in insects. J Vet Diagn Invest 2004; 15:561-7. [PMID: 14667019 DOI: 10.1177/104063870301500608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A multiplex single-tube reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) has been developed for the detection and differentiation of vesicular stomatitis viruses (VSV), Indiana 1 and New Jersey, from insect samples. Using this assay, detection of either or both viruses in as little as 20 fg of total RNA from tissue culture was achieved, along with detection of vesicular stomatitis (VS) RNA from macerates containing 2 infected mosquitoes in pools of 10-30 noninfected mosquitoes. Vesicular stomatitis virus was detected by RT-PCR in all culture-positive samples, and detection as low as 4 plaque forming units per milliliter was achieved. Comparison between RT-PCR and tissue culture revealed that RT-PCR was able to detect VSV in a volume of insect macerate averaging almost 100 times less than that required for detection by tissue culture. The reported RT-PCR is a potential valuable tool for rapid and sensitive detection and differentiation of VS in insects because intense work associated with viral isolation, the cytotoxicity of insect extracts, and separate virus identification steps can be avoided. Potential application to detection and differentiation of VSV serotypes from vertebrate hosts is addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta J Magnuson
- Animal Population Health Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
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22
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McCluskey BJ, Salman MD, Martínez GE, Serrano AO, Shaw JL, Herrerro MV. A 3-year pilot study of sentinel dairy herds for vesicular stomatitis in El Salvador. Prev Vet Med 2003; 58:199-210. [PMID: 12706058 DOI: 10.1016/s0167-5877(03)00054-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The occurrence of vesicular stomatitis (VS) was investigated in El Salvador through monthly visits to 12 sentinel cattle operations located in four different departments. Management, environmental, and spatial data were collected. Heifers were enrolled on the operations and were examined and bled monthly for 3 years. Two competitive ELISAs were used to detect antibodies on each sample for each serotype of VS virus (VSV). On 8 of the 12 operations, small terrestrial rodents were trapped, blood samples collected, and antibodies to both VS serotypes evaluated using a serum-neutralization test for each virus serotype. Similar to other studies of VS in Central America, the seroprevalence of the New Jersey serotype was higher than the seroprevalence to the Indiana serotype. An outbreak of VS appeared to occur in the Department of Sonsonate in the summer of 1999. We confirmed that VS is endemic in the four departments investigated in El Salvador.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J McCluskey
- Centers for Epidemiology and Animal Health, 2150 Centre Avenue, Building B, Mail Stop 2E7, Fort Collins, CO 80526-8117, USA.
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23
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Abstract
Vesicular stomatitis is an infrequent yet important vesicular disease of cattle, horses, and swine. Periodic outbreaks of this disease in the United States have caused economic losses in cattle herds because of decreased production, movement restrictions, and trade embargoes. Vesicular stomatitis causes clinical signs indistinguishable from those of foot-and-mouth disease. It is of utmost importance that appropriate samples are collected from clinical cases of vesicular disease in cattle and swine so a rapid laboratory diagnosis can be made.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beverly Schmitt
- Diagnostic Virology Laboratory, National Veterinary Service Laboratories, Veterinary Services, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 1800 Dayton Road, Ames, IA 50010, USA.
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24
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Rodriguez LL, Pauszek SJ, Bunch TA, Schumann KR. Full-length genome analysis of natural isolates of vesicular stomatitis virus (Indiana 1 serotype) from North, Central and South America. J Gen Virol 2002; 83:2475-2483. [PMID: 12237430 DOI: 10.1099/0022-1317-83-10-2475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Most studies on the molecular biology and functional analysis of vesicular stomatitis virus Indiana 1 serotype (VSV-IN1) are based on the only full-length genomic sequence currently deposited in GenBank. This sequence is a composite of several VSV-IN1 laboratory strains passaged extensively in tissue culture over the years and it is not certain that this sequence is representative of strains circulating in nature. We describe here the complete genomic sequence of three natural isolates, each representing a distinct genetic lineage and geographical origin: 98COE (North America), 94GUB (Central America) and 85CLB (South America). Genome structure and organization were conserved, with a 47 nucleotide 3' leader, five viral genes -- N, P, M, G and L -- and a 59 nucleotide 5' trailer. The most conserved gene was N, followed by M, L and G, with the most variable being P. Sequences containing the polyadenylation and transcription stop and start signals were completely conserved among all the viruses studied, but changes were found in the non-transcribed intergenic nucleotides, including the presence of a trinucleotide at the M-G junction of the South American lineage isolate. A 102-189 nucleotide insertion was present in the 5' non-coding region of the G gene only in the viruses within a genetic lineage from northern Central America. These full-length genomic sequences should be useful in designing diagnostic probes and in the interpretation of functional genomic analyses using reverse genetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis L Rodriguez
- Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Orient Point, Long Island, PO Box 848 Greenport, NY 11944-0848, USA1
| | - Steven J Pauszek
- Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Orient Point, Long Island, PO Box 848 Greenport, NY 11944-0848, USA1
| | - Thomas A Bunch
- Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Orient Point, Long Island, PO Box 848 Greenport, NY 11944-0848, USA1
| | - Kate R Schumann
- Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Orient Point, Long Island, PO Box 848 Greenport, NY 11944-0848, USA1
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25
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Alvarado JF, Dolz G, Herrero MV, McCluskey B, Salman M. Comparison of the serum neutralization test and a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of antibodies to vesicular stomatitis virus New Jersey and vesicular stomatitis virus Indiana. J Vet Diagn Invest 2002; 14:240-2. [PMID: 12033681 DOI: 10.1177/104063870201400309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (C-ELISA) for the detection of antibodies against vesicular stomatitis virus New Jersey (VSV-NJ) and vesicular stomatitis virus Indiana (VSV-IN) was compared with the serum neutralization test (SNT) using 1,106 serum samples obtained from dairy cattle on sentinel study farms in the Poás region of Costa Rica. Kappa coefficients between the C-ELISA and the SNT were 0.8871 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.8587-0.9155) and 0.6912 (95% CI: 0.6246-0.7577) for the VSV-NJ and VSV-IN tests, respectively. These results indicate good to excellent agreement between the 2 tests under these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Francisco Alvarado
- Posgrado Regional en Ciencias Veterinarias Tropicales, Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional, Heredia, Costa Rica
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26
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Remmers L, Pérez E, Jimenez A, Vargas F, Frankena K, Romero JJ, Salman M, Herrero MV. Longitudinal studies in the epidemiology of vesicular stomatitis on Costa Rican dairy farms. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2001; 916:417-30. [PMID: 11193656 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2000.tb05321.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Twenty-three Costa Rican dairy herds from an vesicular stomatitis (VS) endemic area were under an active surveillance between April 1997 and March 1999. Ninety-two confirmed cases of VS New Jersey were found. Factors associated with clinical cases of VS virus New Jersey were: Parity (animals of parity 4 or 5 were 5.3 times more likely to present a clinical case than animals of parity 3 and lower; on the other hand, animals of parity 6 and higher showed an odds 4.6 times greater than animals of parity 3 and lower.) Ecological life zone (animals in premountain moist forest were 7.4 times more likely to present clinical cases than animals in lower mountain rain forest). Factors associated with seropositivity at the time of birth were farm and breed (Jersey calves had an odds 14.7 times greater than Holstein calves). Seroconversion, defined as the first twofold increase in the titers of the blood, was associated with farm and showed four peaks during the study period, September (wet season) 1997, February (dry season) 1998, September 1998, and February 1999. Finally, time to event analysis showed difference between farms and age, older animals showed the first seroconversion earlier than younger animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Remmers
- Agricultural University Wageningen, The Netherlands
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27
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McCluskey BJ, Mumford EL. Vesicular stomatitis and other vesicular, erosive, and ulcerative diseases of horses. Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract 2000; 16:457-69, viii-ix. [PMID: 11219343 DOI: 10.1016/s0749-0739(17)30089-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical trauma, dietary factors, certain toxins, immune mediated disorders, and vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) infection are known causes of stomatitis in horses. There is evidence that some outbreaks of equine stomatitis are caused by as yet unidentified infectious agents. It remains to be determined whether stomatitis is an emerging equine infectious disease, or if the increase in reported cases is simply the result of greater public awareness as a consequence of widespread outbreaks of VSV in the southwestern United States in recent years. Focused laboratory and epidemiological studies are necessary to more adequately define non-VS related infectious and noninfectious causes of equine stomatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- B J McCluskey
- American College of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Veterinary Services, Centers for Epidemiology and Animal Health Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
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28
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Mead DG, Maré CJ, Ramberg FB. Bite transmission of vesicular stomatitis virus (New Jersey serotype) to laboratory mice by Simulium vittatum (Diptera: Simuliidae). JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 1999; 36:410-413. [PMID: 10467765 DOI: 10.1093/jmedent/36.4.410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Laboratory-reared female black flies (Simulium vittatum Zetterstedt) were infected experimentally with a 1997 vesicular stomatitis virus New Jersey serotype isolate and allowed to feed on susceptible laboratory mice. All mice exposed to black fly bite seroconverted by day 21 after infection, an indication of virus transmission. In addition, viral RNA was detected in the spleen of several mice. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that black flies are involved in VSV-NJ transmission during epizootics in the western USA and represent the 1st confirmed example of biological transmission of an arbovirus by a member of the Simuliidae using an animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- D G Mead
- Department of Veterinary Science and Microbiology, University of Arizona, Tucson 85721, USA
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29
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Núñez JI, Blanco E, Hernández T, Gómez-Tejedor C, Martín MJ, Dopazo J, Sobrino F. A RT-PCR assay for the differential diagnosis of vesicular viral diseases of swine. J Virol Methods 1998; 72:227-35. [PMID: 9694330 DOI: 10.1016/s0166-0934(98)00032-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A RT-PCR assay based on specific amplification of RNA sequences from each of the etiological agents of three important vesicular diseases that affect swine, foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV), swine vesicular disease virus (SVDV), and vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), was developed. Genotype-specific primers that amplified DNA fragments of differential size from SVDV 3D gene or VSV L gene were selected with the aid of a computer program. Experimental testing of the primers predicted as SVDV-specific identified a primer pair, SA2/SS4, that rendered a specific product from SVDV RNAs, but did not amplify RNA from either FMDV or coxsackie B5 virus (CV-B5), a highly related picornavirus. Primers SA2/SS4 were used in combination with primers 3D2/3D1, which amplify a product of different size on FMDV 3D gene (Rodriguez et al., 1992). This combined RT-PCR reaction allowed a sensitive and specific differential detection of FMDV and SVDV RNAs in a single tube, by means of the analysis of the amplified products in agarose gels. The results obtained were similar when RNA extracted from viral stocks or plastic wells coated with either viral supernatants or extracts from lesions of infected animals, were used as starting material in the reactions. Using a similar approach, VSV serotype-specific primers IA/IS and NA/NS were selected for the specific amplification of VSV-Indiana and VSV-New Jersey RNAs, respectively. The combined use of SVDV, FMDV and VSV specific primers in a single reaction resulted in a genotype-specific amplification of each of the viral RNAs. Thus, differential diagnosis of FMDV from SVDV and/or VSV can be carried out in a single RT-PCR reaction, using a rapid and simplified methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- J I Núñez
- Tecnología para Diagnóstico e Investigación S.A., Madrid, Spain
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30
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Abstract
A selected number of PCR protocols were evaluated to determine if they could serve as a universal protocol for detecting and identifying all arboviruses. In this study, four parameters that affect the efficacy of RT-PCR (RNA extraction method, choice of reverse transcriptase, choice of DNA polymerase and thermocycling program) were evaluated in combination. The most optimal combination of those parameters employed use of silica gel membrane spin column, RAV-2 reverse transcriptase, Tth DNA polymerase, and a simple modification of a published thermocycling program. By this modified protocol, viral RNA could be amplified satisfactorily with more than 50 pairs of primers designed for diagnosis of arboviruses representing five families. The sensitivity and specificity obtained by this universal protocol were comparable to those obtained by the original protocol for each primer pair tested; and for some primers, improved sensitivity was observed. It was also found that a simple modification of a suggested protocol of a commercial RT-PCR kit could produce nearly identical results and serve as another universal protocol. With the use of a universal diagnostic reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) protocol, simultaneous screening of clinical or biological specimens against a large number of RNA viruses belonging to many families can be performed more efficiently for etiologic determination in the situations complicated by the difficulty of differential diagnosis. Furthermore, such a universal protocol facilitates reducing the cost of PCR-based diagnostic operation and standardizing the qualities of PCR-based diagnosis within an institution or among collaborating institutions. A logical strategy is to conduct diagnosis in two stages by using broadly group-reactive primers in the first stage to narrow the range of possible etiologic agents and using virus-specific primers in the second stage for identification. Before such a strategy is employed, however, more group-reactive primers for a large number of arboviruses, for which no such primers currently exist, must be made available. Furthermore, the best pair or pairs of primers need to be selected for each virus for the second stage of the strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Kuno
- Division of Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, CO 80522-2087, USA.
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31
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Fulhorst CF, Monroe MC, Salas RA, Duno G, Utrera A, Ksiazek TG, Nichol ST, de Manzione NM, Tovar D, Tesh RB. Isolation, characterization and geographic distribution of Caño Delgadito virus, a newly discovered South American hantavirus (family Bunyaviridae). Virus Res 1997; 51:159-71. [PMID: 9498614 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-1702(97)00091-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Rodents collected from the Venezuelan llanos (plains) during field studies of viral hemorrhagic fever were tested for evidence of hantavirus infection. Hantavirus antibody was found in one (7.7%) of 13 Oryzomys bicolor, one (3.4%) of 29 Rattus rattus, 10 (6.0%) of 166 Sigmodon alstoni and one (2.2%) of 45 Zygodontomys brevicauda. Hantavirus-specific RNA was detected in lung tissues from four antibody-positive rodents: two S. alstoni from Portuguesa State and one S. alstoni each from Cojedes and Barinas States. A hantavirus isolate (herein identified as VHV-574) was recovered from lung tissue from a hantavirus RNA-positive S. alstoni collected from Portuguesa State. The results of serological tests and analyses of small and medium RNA segment nucleotide sequence data indicated that VHV-574 represents a novel hantavirus (proposed name 'Caño Delgadito') that is distinct from all previously characterized hantaviruses. The results of analyses of nucleotide sequence data from the four hantavirus RNA-positive S. alstoni suggested that Caño Delgadito virus is widely distributed in the Venezuelan llanos.
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Affiliation(s)
- C F Fulhorst
- University of Texas Medical Branch, Department of Pathology, Center for Tropical Diseases, Galveston 77555-0609, USA
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32
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Rodríguez LL, Fitch WM, Nichol ST. Ecological factors rather than temporal factors dominate the evolution of vesicular stomatitis virus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1996; 93:13030-5. [PMID: 8917539 PMCID: PMC24041 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.93.23.13030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Vesicular stomatitis New Jersey virus (VSV-NJ) is a rhabdovirus that causes economically important disease in cattle and other domestic animals in endemic areas from southeastern United States to northern South America. Its negatively stranded RNA genome is capable of undergoing rapid evolution, which allows phylogenetic analysis and molecular epidemiology studies to be performed. Previous epidemiological studies in Costa Rica showed the existence of at least two distinct ecological zones of high VSV-NJ activity, one located in the highlands (premontane tropical moist forest) and the other in the lowlands (tropical dry forest). We wanted to test the hypothesis that the viruses circulating in these ecological zones were genetically distinct. For this purpose, we sequenced the hypervariable region of the phosphoprotein gene for 50 VSV-NJ isolates from these areas. Phylogenetic analysis showed that viruses from each ecological zone had distinct genotypes. These genotypes were maintained in each area for periods of up to 8 years. This evolutionary pattern of VSV-NJ suggests an adaptation to ecological factors that could exert selective pressure on the virus. As previous data indicated an absence of virus adaptation to factors related to the bovine host (including immunological pressure), it appears that VSV genetic divergence represents positive selection to adapt to specific vectors and/or reservoirs at each ecological zone.
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Affiliation(s)
- L L Rodríguez
- Tropical Disease Research Program, School of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Nacional, Heredia, Costa Rica
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33
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Morzunov SP, Winton JR, Nichol ST. The complete genome structure and phylogenetic relationship of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus. Virus Res 1995; 38:175-92. [PMID: 8578857 DOI: 10.1016/0168-1702(95)00056-v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV), a member of the family Rhabdoviridae, causes a severe disease with high mortality in salmonid fish. The nucleotide sequence (11,131 bases) of the entire genome was determined for the pathogenic WRAC strain of IHNV from southern Idaho. This allowed detailed analysis of all 6 genes, the deduced amino acid sequences of their encoded proteins, and important control motifs including leader, trailer and gene junction regions. Sequence analysis revealed that the 6 virus genes are located along the genome in the 3' to 5' order: nucleocapsid (N), polymerase-associated phosphoprotein (P or M1), matrix protein (M or M2), surface glycoprotein (G), a unique non-virion protein (NV) and virus polymerase (L). The IHNV genome RNA was found to have highly complementary termini (15 of 16 nucleotides). The gene junction regions display the highly conserved sequence UCURUC(U)7RCCGUG(N)4CACR (in the vRNA sense), which includes the typical rhabdovirus transcription termination/polyadenylation signal and a novel putative transcription initiation signal. Phylogenetic analysis of M, G and L protein sequences allowed insights into the evolutionary and taxonomic relationship of rhabdoviruses of fish relative to those of insects or mammals, and a broader sense of the relationship of non-segmented negative-strand RNA viruses. Based on these data, a new genus, piscivirus, is proposed which will initially contain IHNV, viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus and Hirame rhabdovirus.
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Affiliation(s)
- S P Morzunov
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nevada, Reno 89557, USA
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34
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Pfeffer M, Wiedmann M, Batt CA. Applications of DNA amplification techniques in veterinary diagnostics. Vet Res Commun 1995; 19:375-407. [PMID: 8560754 PMCID: PMC7089009 DOI: 10.1007/bf01839319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/24/1995] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
An overview of the principles of the polymerase chain reaction, ligase chain reaction, self-sustained sequence replication and Q beta replicase is given. The application of these methods for the diagnosis of veterinary infectious and hereditary diseases as well as for other diagnostic purposes is discussed and comprehensive tables of reported assays are provided. Specific areas where these DNA-based amplification methods provide substantial advantages over traditional approaches are also highlighted. With regard to PCR-based assays for the detection of viral pathogens, this article is an update of a previous review by Belák and Ballagi-Pordány (1993).
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Affiliation(s)
- M Pfeffer
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Infectious and Epidemic Diseases, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
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35
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Höfner MC, Carpenter WC, Ferris NP, Kitching RP, Ariza Botero F. A hemi-nested PCR assay for the detection and identification of vesicular stomatitis virus nucleic acid. J Virol Methods 1994; 50:11-20. [PMID: 7714033 DOI: 10.1016/0166-0934(94)90159-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
This paper is the first to describe the development of a hemi-nested PCR assay for the detection of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) nucleic acid. This assay was developed as it combines high sensitivity for virus genome detection with the identification of the external amplification product in the reamplification step, thus confirming the specificity of the reaction. The assay did not depend on the presence of infectious virus in samples, as demonstrated by its detection of VSV in blood samples which were non-infectious in tissue culture. One further advantage was that the VSV-New Jersey and VSV-Indiana serotypes could be differentiated through the selective use of the appropriate hemi-nested primer. This assay is ideal for the study of VSV pathogenesis and persistence.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Höfner
- AFRC Institute for Animal Health, Pirbright Laboratory, Woking, Surrey, UK
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36
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Nichol ST, Spiropoulou CF, Morzunov S, Rollin PE, Ksiazek TG, Feldmann H, Sanchez A, Childs J, Zaki S, Peters CJ. Genetic identification of a hantavirus associated with an outbreak of acute respiratory illness. Science 1993; 262:914-7. [PMID: 8235615 DOI: 10.1126/science.8235615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 660] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
A mysterious respiratory illness with high mortality was recently reported in the southwestern United States. Serologic studies implicated the hantaviruses, rodent-borne RNA viruses usually associated elsewhere in the world with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome. A genetic detection assay amplified hantavirus-specific DNA fragments from RNA extracted from the tissues of patients and deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) caught at or near patient residences. Nucleotide sequence analysis revealed the associated virus to be a new hantavirus and provided a direct genetic link between infection in patients and rodents.
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Affiliation(s)
- S T Nichol
- Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333
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