1
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Pauszek SJ, O'Donnell VK, Faburay B. Genome sequence of a vesicular stomatitis Indiana virus isolate collected in 1988 from a naturally infected bovine in Mexico. Microbiol Resour Announc 2024; 13:e0001224. [PMID: 38629846 PMCID: PMC11080555 DOI: 10.1128/mra.00012-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
We report the near-full genome sequence of a vesicular stomatitis Indiana virus (VSIV) originally collected from a naturally infected bovine in south-central Mexico. This sequence represents a coding-complete genome sequence of a VSIV from Mexico, a country where vesicular stomatitis is endemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven J. Pauszek
- United States Department of Agriculture, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Foreign Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, National Veterinary Services Laboratories, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Orient, New York, USA
| | - Vivian K. O'Donnell
- United States Department of Agriculture, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Foreign Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, National Veterinary Services Laboratories, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Orient, New York, USA
| | - Bonto Faburay
- United States Department of Agriculture, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Foreign Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, National Veterinary Services Laboratories, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Orient, New York, USA
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2
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Pauszek SJ, Waters K, Mohamed F, Lakin SM, Moran K, Minor M, Creekmore L, Makhdoomi M, Faburay B. Coding-complete genome sequences of rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus type 2 detected in 2023 in Washington State indicate a divergent incursion into the United States. Microbiol Resour Announc 2024; 13:e0108723. [PMID: 38477545 PMCID: PMC11008212 DOI: 10.1128/mra.01087-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Three rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus type 2 (RHDV2) coding-complete genome sequences were obtained from domestic and wild rabbits in Washington State in June and July 2023. These three RHDV2 sequences are <82% identical to previous RHDV2 sequences in North America and likely indicate a discrete incursion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven J. Pauszek
- Foreign Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, National Veterinary Services Laboratories, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, United States Department of Agriculture, Orient, New York, USA
| | - Kaitlyn Waters
- Foreign Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, National Veterinary Services Laboratories, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, United States Department of Agriculture, Orient, New York, USA
| | - Fawzi Mohamed
- Foreign Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, National Veterinary Services Laboratories, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, United States Department of Agriculture, Orient, New York, USA
| | - Steven M. Lakin
- Foreign Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, National Veterinary Services Laboratories, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, United States Department of Agriculture, Orient, New York, USA
| | - Karen Moran
- Foreign Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, National Veterinary Services Laboratories, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, United States Department of Agriculture, Orient, New York, USA
| | - Montariel Minor
- Foreign Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, National Veterinary Services Laboratories, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, United States Department of Agriculture, Orient, New York, USA
| | - Lynn Creekmore
- Strategy and Policy Unit, Aquaculture, Swine, Equine and Poultry Health Center, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Muzafar Makhdoomi
- Foreign Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, National Veterinary Services Laboratories, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, United States Department of Agriculture, Orient, New York, USA
| | - Bonto Faburay
- Foreign Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, National Veterinary Services Laboratories, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, United States Department of Agriculture, Orient, New York, USA
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3
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Palinski R, Pauszek SJ, Humphreys JM, Peters DP, McVey DS, Pelzel‐McCluskey AM, Derner JD, Burruss ND, Arzt J, Rodriguez LL. Evolution and expansion dynamics of a vector‐borne virus: 2004–2006 vesicular stomatitis outbreak in the western USA. Ecosphere 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.3793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Palinski
- US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service Plum Island Animal Disease Center Orient Point New York 11957 USA
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory College of Veterinary Medicine Kansas State University 2005 Research Park Manhattan Kansas 66502 USA
| | - Steven J. Pauszek
- US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service Plum Island Animal Disease Center Orient Point New York 11957 USA
| | - John M. Humphreys
- US Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service Jornada Experimental Range Unit Las Cruces New Mexico 88003 USA
| | - Debra P.C. Peters
- US Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service Jornada Experimental Range Unit Las Cruces New Mexico 88003 USA
- Jornada Basin Long Term Ecological Research Program New Mexico State University Las Cruces New Mexico 88003 USA
| | - D. Scott McVey
- US Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service Center for Grain and Animal Health Research Arthropod‐Borne Animal Diseases Research Unit Manhattan Kansas 66506 USA
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences University of Nebraska Lincoln Lincoln Nebraska 68583 USA
| | - Angela M. Pelzel‐McCluskey
- US Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Veterinary Services Fort Collins Colorado 80526 USA
| | - Justin D. Derner
- US Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service Rangeland Resources and Systems Research Unit 8408 Hildreth Road Cheyenne Wyoming 82009 USA
| | - N. Dylan Burruss
- US Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service Jornada Experimental Range Unit Las Cruces New Mexico 88003 USA
- Jornada Basin Long Term Ecological Research Program New Mexico State University Las Cruces New Mexico 88003 USA
| | - Jonathan Arzt
- US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service Plum Island Animal Disease Center Orient Point New York 11957 USA
| | - Luis L. Rodriguez
- US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service Plum Island Animal Disease Center Orient Point New York 11957 USA
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4
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Drolet BS, Reeves WK, Bennett KE, Pauszek SJ, Bertram MR, Rodriguez LL. Identical Viral Genetic Sequence Found in Black Flies ( Simulium bivittatum) and the Equine Index Case of the 2006 U.S. Vesicular Stomatitis Outbreak. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10080929. [PMID: 34451394 PMCID: PMC8398051 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10080929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
In 2006, vesicular stomatitis New Jersey virus (VSNJV) caused outbreaks in Wyoming (WY) horses and cattle after overwintering in 2004 and 2005. Within two weeks of the outbreak onset, 12,203 biting flies and 194 grasshoppers were collected near three equine-positive premises in Natrona County, WY. Insects were identified to the species level and tested by RT-qPCR for VSNJV polymerase (L) and phosphoprotein (P) gene RNA. Collected dipterans known to be competent for VSV transmission included Simulium black flies and Culicoides biting midges. VSNJV L and P RNA was detected in two pools of female Simulium bivittatum and subjected to partial genome sequencing. Phylogenetic analysis based on the hypervariable region of the P gene from black flies showed 100% identity to the isolate obtained from the index horse case on the same premises. This is the first report of VSNJV in S. bivittatum in WY and the first field evidence of possible VSV maintenance in black fly populations during an outbreak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara S. Drolet
- Arthropod-Borne Animal Diseases Research Unit, Center for Grain and Animal Health Research, Agricultural Research Service, Unites States Department of Agriculture, Manhattan, KS 66502, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Will K. Reeves
- Biological Regulatory Services, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Fort Collins, CO 80526, USA;
| | | | - Steven J. Pauszek
- Foreign Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, National Veterinary Services Laboratories, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Orient Point, NY 11957, USA;
| | - Miranda R. Bertram
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, Unites States Department of Agriculture, Orient Point, NY 11957, USA; (M.R.B.); (L.L.R.)
| | - Luis L. Rodriguez
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, Unites States Department of Agriculture, Orient Point, NY 11957, USA; (M.R.B.); (L.L.R.)
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5
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Peters DPC, McVey DS, Elias EH, Pelzel‐McCluskey AM, Derner JD, Burruss ND, Schrader TS, Yao J, Pauszek SJ, Lombard J, Rodriguez LL. Big data–model integration and AI for vector‐borne disease prediction. Ecosphere 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.3157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Debra P. C. Peters
- US Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service Jornada Experimental Range Unit, and Jornada Basin Long Term Ecological Research Program New Mexico State University Las Cruces New Mexico 88003 USA
| | - D. Scott McVey
- US Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service Center for Grain and Animal Health Research Arthropod‐Borne Animal Diseases Research Unit Manhattan Kansas 66506 USA
| | - Emile H. Elias
- US Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service Jornada Experimental Range Unit, and Jornada Basin Long Term Ecological Research Program New Mexico State University Las Cruces New Mexico 88003 USA
| | - Angela M. Pelzel‐McCluskey
- US Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Veterinary Services Fort Collins Colorado 80526 USA
| | - Justin D. Derner
- US Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service Rangeland Resources and Systems Research Unit Cheyenne Wyoming 82009 USA
| | - N. Dylan Burruss
- Jornada Experimental Range New Mexico State University Las Cruces New Mexico 88003 USA
| | - T. Scott Schrader
- US Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service Jornada Experimental Range Unit, and Jornada Basin Long Term Ecological Research Program New Mexico State University Las Cruces New Mexico 88003 USA
| | - Jin Yao
- US Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service Jornada Experimental Range Unit, and Jornada Basin Long Term Ecological Research Program New Mexico State University Las Cruces New Mexico 88003 USA
| | - Steven J. Pauszek
- US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service Plum Island Animal Disease Center Orient Point New York 11957 USA
| | - Jason Lombard
- US Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Veterinary Services Fort Collins Colorado 80526 USA
| | - Luis L. Rodriguez
- US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service Plum Island Animal Disease Center Orient Point New York 11957 USA
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6
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Velazquez-Salinas L, Pauszek SJ, Holinka LG, Gladue DP, Rekant SI, Bishop EA, Stenfeldt C, Verdugo-Rodriguez A, Borca MV, Arzt J, Rodriguez LL. A Single Amino Acid Substitution in the Matrix Protein (M51R) of Vesicular Stomatitis New Jersey Virus Impairs Replication in Cultured Porcine Macrophages and Results in Significant Attenuation in Pigs. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1123. [PMID: 32587580 PMCID: PMC7299242 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we explore the virulence of vesicular stomatitis New Jersey virus (VSNJV) in pigs and its potential relationship with the virus’s ability to modulate innate responses. For this purpose, we developed a mutant of the highly virulent strain NJ0612NME6, containing a single amino acid substitution in the matrix protein (M51R). The M51R mutant of NJ0612NME6 was unable to suppress the transcription of genes associated with the innate immune response both in primary fetal porcine kidney cells and porcine primary macrophage cultures. Impaired viral growth was observed only in porcine macrophage cultures, indicating that the M51 residue is required for efficient replication of VSNJV in these cells. Furthermore, when inoculated in pigs by intradermal scarification of the snout, M51R infection was characterized by decreased clinical signs including reduced fever and development of less and smaller secondary vesicular lesions. Pigs infected with M51R had decreased levels of viral shedding and absence of RNAemia compared to the parental virus. The ability of the mutant virus to infect pigs by direct contact remained intact, indicating that the M51R mutation resulted in a partially attenuated phenotype capable of causing primary lesions and transmitting to sentinel pigs. Collectively, our results show a positive correlation between the ability of VSNJV to counteract the innate immune response in swine macrophage cultures and the level of virulence in pigs, a natural host of this virus. More studies are encouraged to evaluate the interaction of VSNJV with macrophages and other components of the immune response in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauro Velazquez-Salinas
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, USDA/ARS Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Greenport, NY, United States.,College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico.,PIADC Research Participation Program, Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
| | - Steven J Pauszek
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, USDA/ARS Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Greenport, NY, United States
| | - Lauren G Holinka
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, USDA/ARS Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Greenport, NY, United States
| | - Douglas P Gladue
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, USDA/ARS Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Greenport, NY, United States
| | - Steven I Rekant
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, USDA/ARS Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Greenport, NY, United States.,PIADC Research Participation Program, Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
| | - Elizabeth A Bishop
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, USDA/ARS Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Greenport, NY, United States
| | - Carolina Stenfeldt
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, USDA/ARS Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Greenport, NY, United States.,Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, United States
| | - Antonio Verdugo-Rodriguez
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Manuel V Borca
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, USDA/ARS Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Greenport, NY, United States
| | - Jonathan Arzt
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, USDA/ARS Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Greenport, NY, United States
| | - Luis L Rodriguez
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, USDA/ARS Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Greenport, NY, United States
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7
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Fish I, Stenfeldt C, Palinski RM, Pauszek SJ, Arzt J. Into the Deep (Sequence) of the Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Gene Pool: Bottlenecks and Adaptation during Infection in Naïve and Vaccinated Cattle. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9030208. [PMID: 32178297 PMCID: PMC7157448 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9030208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) infects hosts as a population of closely related viruses referred to as a quasispecies. The behavior of this quasispecies has not been described in detail in natural host species. In this study, virus samples collected from vaccinated and non-vaccinated cattle up to 35 days post-experimental infection with FMDV A24-Cruzeiro were analyzed by deep-sequencing. Vaccination induced significant differences compared to viruses from non-vaccinated cattle in substitution rates, entropy, and evidence for adaptation. Genomic variation detected during early infection reflected the diversity inherited from the source virus (inoculum), whereas by 12 days post infection, dominant viruses were defined by newly acquired mutations. Mutations conferring recognized fitness gain occurred and were associated with selective sweeps. Persistent infections always included multiple FMDV subpopulations, suggesting distinct foci of infection within the nasopharyngeal mucosa. Subclinical infection in vaccinated cattle included very early bottlenecks associated with reduced diversity within virus populations. Viruses from both animal cohorts contained putative antigenic escape mutations. However, these mutations occurred during later stages of infection, at which time transmission is less likely to occur. This study improves upon previously published work by analyzing deep sequences of samples, allowing for detailed characterization of FMDV populations over time within multiple hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Fish
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, ARS, USDA, Orient, NY 11957, USA; (I.F.); (C.S.); (R.M.P.); (S.J.P.)
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, PIADC Research Participation Program, Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA
| | - Carolina Stenfeldt
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, ARS, USDA, Orient, NY 11957, USA; (I.F.); (C.S.); (R.M.P.); (S.J.P.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Rachel M. Palinski
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, ARS, USDA, Orient, NY 11957, USA; (I.F.); (C.S.); (R.M.P.); (S.J.P.)
| | - Steven J. Pauszek
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, ARS, USDA, Orient, NY 11957, USA; (I.F.); (C.S.); (R.M.P.); (S.J.P.)
| | - Jonathan Arzt
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, ARS, USDA, Orient, NY 11957, USA; (I.F.); (C.S.); (R.M.P.); (S.J.P.)
- Correspondence:
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8
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Palinski RM, Sangula A, Gakuya F, Bertram MR, Pauszek SJ, Hartwig EJ, Smoliga GR, Obanda V, Omondi G, VanderWaal K, Arzt J. Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Serotype A Genome Sequence from Kenya in 2016. Microbiol Resour Announc 2019; 8:e00987-19. [PMID: 31537675 PMCID: PMC6753279 DOI: 10.1128/mra.00987-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the genome sequence of a foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) serotype A topotype Africa isolate collected from bovine vesicular epithelium from Kenya in 2016. This novel sequence updates the knowledge of FMDV diversity in eastern Africa and has important implications for FMDV epidemiology and molecular analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel M Palinski
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, ARS-USDA, Orient Point, New York, USA
| | | | - Francis Gakuya
- Veterinary Services Department, Kenya Wildlife Service, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Miranda R Bertram
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, ARS-USDA, Orient Point, New York, USA
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, PIADC Research Participation Program, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
| | - Steven J Pauszek
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, ARS-USDA, Orient Point, New York, USA
| | - Ethan J Hartwig
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, ARS-USDA, Orient Point, New York, USA
| | - George R Smoliga
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, ARS-USDA, Orient Point, New York, USA
| | - Vincent Obanda
- Veterinary Services Department, Kenya Wildlife Service, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - George Omondi
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Kimberly VanderWaal
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Jonathan Arzt
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, ARS-USDA, Orient Point, New York, USA
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9
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Palinski RM, Sangula A, Gakuya F, Bertram MR, Pauszek SJ, Hartwig EJ, Smoliga GR, Obanda V, Omondi G, VanderWaal K, Arzt J. Genome Sequences of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus SAT1 and SAT2 Strains from Kenya in 2014 to 2016. Microbiol Resour Announc 2019; 8:e00809-19. [PMID: 31488534 PMCID: PMC6728644 DOI: 10.1128/mra.00809-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we report the near-complete genomes of three Southern African Territories 1 (SAT1) serotype strains and one SAT2 serotype strain of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) recently isolated from Kenya. Viral isolates were obtained from bovine epithelial tissues collected in 2014 and 2016 following outbreaks of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD). These near-complete genome sequences provide a critical update of Kenyan FMDV molecular epidemiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel M Palinski
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, ARS, USDA, Orient Point, New York, USA
| | | | - Francis Gakuya
- Veterinary Services Department, Kenya Wildlife Service, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Miranda R Bertram
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, ARS, USDA, Orient Point, New York, USA
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, PIADC Research Participation Program, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
| | - Steven J Pauszek
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, ARS, USDA, Orient Point, New York, USA
| | - Ethan J Hartwig
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, ARS, USDA, Orient Point, New York, USA
| | - George R Smoliga
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, ARS, USDA, Orient Point, New York, USA
| | - Vincent Obanda
- Veterinary Services Department, Kenya Wildlife Service, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - George Omondi
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Kimberly VanderWaal
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Jonathan Arzt
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, ARS, USDA, Orient Point, New York, USA
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10
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Palinski RM, Sangula A, Gakuya F, Bertram MR, Pauszek SJ, Hartwig EJ, Smoliga GR, Vierra D, Fish I, Obanda V, Omondi G, VanderWaal K, Arzt J. First Report of Near-Complete Genome Sequences of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Serotype O Strains from Kenya. Microbiol Resour Announc 2019; 8:e00808-19. [PMID: 31467103 PMCID: PMC6715873 DOI: 10.1128/mra.00808-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
This is the first report of two near-complete genome sequences of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) serotype O from Kenya. The viruses were isolated from bovine epithelium collected in 2014 and 2016 from local FMD outbreaks. These full-genome sequences are critical for improving the understanding of regional FMDV molecular epidemiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel M Palinski
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, ARS, USDA, Orient Point, New York, USA
| | | | - Francis Gakuya
- Veterinary Services Department, Kenya Wildlife Service, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Miranda R Bertram
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, ARS, USDA, Orient Point, New York, USA
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, PIADC Research Participation Program, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
| | - Steven J Pauszek
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, ARS, USDA, Orient Point, New York, USA
| | - Ethan J Hartwig
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, ARS, USDA, Orient Point, New York, USA
| | - George R Smoliga
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, ARS, USDA, Orient Point, New York, USA
| | - David Vierra
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, ARS, USDA, Orient Point, New York, USA
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Kansas, USA
| | - Ian Fish
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, ARS, USDA, Orient Point, New York, USA
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, PIADC Research Participation Program, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
| | - Vincent Obanda
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, PIADC Research Participation Program, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
| | - George Omondi
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Kimberly VanderWaal
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Jonathan Arzt
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, ARS, USDA, Orient Point, New York, USA
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11
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Arzt J, Fish I, Pauszek SJ, Johnson SL, Chain PS, Rai DK, Rieder E, Goldberg TL, Rodriguez LL, Stenfeldt C. The evolution of a super-swarm of foot-and-mouth disease virus in cattle. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0210847. [PMID: 31022193 PMCID: PMC6483180 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0210847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious viral disease that severely impacts global food security and is one of the greatest constraints on international trade of animal products. Extensive viral population diversity and rapid, continuous mutation of circulating FMD viruses (FMDVs) pose significant obstacles to the control and ultimate eradication of this important transboundary pathogen. The current study investigated mechanisms contributing to within-host evolution of FMDV in a natural host species (cattle). Specifically, vaccinated and non-vaccinated cattle were infected with FMDV under controlled, experimental conditions and subsequently sampled for up to 35 days to monitor viral genomic changes as related to phases of disease and experimental cohorts. Consensus-level genomic changes across the entire FMDV coding region were characterized through three previously defined stages of infection: early, transitional, and persistent. The overall conclusion was that viral evolution occurred via a combination of two mechanisms: emergence of full-genomic minority haplotypes from within the inoculum super-swarm, and concurrent continuous point mutations. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that individuals were infected with multiple distinct haplogroups that were pre-existent within the ancestral inoculum used to infect all animals. Multiple shifts of dominant viral haplotype took place during the early and transitional phases of infection, whereas few shifts occurred during persistent infection. Overall, this work suggests that the establishment of the carrier state is not associated with specific viral genomic characteristics. These insights into FMDV population dynamics have important implications for virus sampling methodology and molecular epidemiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Arzt
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, ARS, USDA, Greenport, NY, United States of America
| | - Ian Fish
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, ARS, USDA, Greenport, NY, United States of America.,Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, PIADC Research Participation Program, Oak Ridge, TN, United States of America
| | - Steven J Pauszek
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, ARS, USDA, Greenport, NY, United States of America
| | - Shannon L Johnson
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, United States of America
| | - Patrick S Chain
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, United States of America
| | - Devendra K Rai
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, ARS, USDA, Greenport, NY, United States of America.,Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth Rieder
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, ARS, USDA, Greenport, NY, United States of America
| | - Tony L Goldberg
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States of America
| | - Luis L Rodriguez
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, ARS, USDA, Greenport, NY, United States of America
| | - Carolina Stenfeldt
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, ARS, USDA, Greenport, NY, United States of America.,Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, United States of America
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12
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Velazquez-Salinas L, Pauszek SJ, Barrera J, Clark BA, Borca MV, Verdugo-Rodriguez A, Stenfeldt C, Arzt J, Rodriguez LL. Validation of a site-specific recombination cloning technique for the rapid development of a full-length cDNA clone of a virulent field strain of vesicular stomatitis New Jersey virus. J Virol Methods 2019; 265:113-116. [PMID: 30639413 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2019.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 12/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
This study reports the use of a site-specific recombination cloning technique for rapid development of a full-length cDNA clone that can produce infectious vesicular stomatitis New Jersey virus (VSNJV). The full-length genome of the epidemic VSNJV NJ0612NME6 strain was amplified in four overlapping cDNA fragments which were linked together and cloned into a vector plasmid by site-specific recombination. Furthermore, to derive infectious virus, three supporting plasmid vectors containing either the nucleoprotein (N), phosphoprotein (P) or polymerase (L) genes were constructed using the same cloning methodology. Recovery of recombinant VSNJV was achieved after transfecting all four vectors on into BSR-T7/5 cells, a BHK-derived cell line stably expressing T7 RNA polymerase (PMID: 9847328). In vitro characterization of recombinant and parental viruses revealed similar growth kinetics and plaque morphologies. Furthermore, experimental infection of pigs with the recombinant virus resulted in severe vesicular stomatitis with clinical signs similar to those previously reported for the parental field strain. These results validate the use of site-directed specific recombination cloning as a useful alternative method for rapid construction of stable full-length cDNA clones from vesicular stomatitis field strains. The approach reported herein contributes to the improvement of previously published methodologies for the development of full-length cDNA clones of this relevant virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauro Velazquez-Salinas
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, USDA/ARS Plum Island Animal Disease Center, PO Box 848, Greenport NY 11944, USA; National Autonomous University of Mexico, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Mexico; Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, PIADC Research Participation Program, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Steven J Pauszek
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, USDA/ARS Plum Island Animal Disease Center, PO Box 848, Greenport NY 11944, USA
| | - Jose Barrera
- Leidos, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, P.O. Box 848, Greenport NY 11944, USA
| | - Benjamin A Clark
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, PIADC Research Participation Program, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Manuel V Borca
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, USDA/ARS Plum Island Animal Disease Center, PO Box 848, Greenport NY 11944, USA
| | | | - Carolina Stenfeldt
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, USDA/ARS Plum Island Animal Disease Center, PO Box 848, Greenport NY 11944, USA
| | - Jonathan Arzt
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, USDA/ARS Plum Island Animal Disease Center, PO Box 848, Greenport NY 11944, USA
| | - Luis L Rodriguez
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, USDA/ARS Plum Island Animal Disease Center, PO Box 848, Greenport NY 11944, USA.
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13
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Arzt J, Fish I, Pauszek SJ, Johnson SL, Chain PS, Rai DK, Rieder E, Goldberg TL, Rodriguez LL, Stenfeldt C. The evolution of a super-swarm of foot-and-mouth disease virus in cattle. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0210847. [PMID: 31022193 DOI: 10.1101/512178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious viral disease that severely impacts global food security and is one of the greatest constraints on international trade of animal products. Extensive viral population diversity and rapid, continuous mutation of circulating FMD viruses (FMDVs) pose significant obstacles to the control and ultimate eradication of this important transboundary pathogen. The current study investigated mechanisms contributing to within-host evolution of FMDV in a natural host species (cattle). Specifically, vaccinated and non-vaccinated cattle were infected with FMDV under controlled, experimental conditions and subsequently sampled for up to 35 days to monitor viral genomic changes as related to phases of disease and experimental cohorts. Consensus-level genomic changes across the entire FMDV coding region were characterized through three previously defined stages of infection: early, transitional, and persistent. The overall conclusion was that viral evolution occurred via a combination of two mechanisms: emergence of full-genomic minority haplotypes from within the inoculum super-swarm, and concurrent continuous point mutations. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that individuals were infected with multiple distinct haplogroups that were pre-existent within the ancestral inoculum used to infect all animals. Multiple shifts of dominant viral haplotype took place during the early and transitional phases of infection, whereas few shifts occurred during persistent infection. Overall, this work suggests that the establishment of the carrier state is not associated with specific viral genomic characteristics. These insights into FMDV population dynamics have important implications for virus sampling methodology and molecular epidemiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Arzt
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, ARS, USDA, Greenport, NY, United States of America
| | - Ian Fish
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, ARS, USDA, Greenport, NY, United States of America
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, PIADC Research Participation Program, Oak Ridge, TN, United States of America
| | - Steven J Pauszek
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, ARS, USDA, Greenport, NY, United States of America
| | - Shannon L Johnson
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, United States of America
| | - Patrick S Chain
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, United States of America
| | - Devendra K Rai
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, ARS, USDA, Greenport, NY, United States of America
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth Rieder
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, ARS, USDA, Greenport, NY, United States of America
| | - Tony L Goldberg
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States of America
| | - Luis L Rodriguez
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, ARS, USDA, Greenport, NY, United States of America
| | - Carolina Stenfeldt
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, ARS, USDA, Greenport, NY, United States of America
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, United States of America
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14
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Farooq U, Ahmed Z, Naeem K, Bertram M, Brito B, Stenfeldt C, Pauszek SJ, LaRocco M, Rodriguez L, Arzt J. Cover Image. Transbound Emerg Dis 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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15
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Peters DPC, Burruss ND, Rodriguez LL, McVey DS, Elias EH, Pelzel-McCluskey AM, Derner JD, Schrader TS, Yao J, Pauszek SJ, Lombard J, Archer SR, Bestelmeyer BT, Browning DM, Brungard CW, Hatfield JL, Hanan NP, Herrick JE, Okin GS, Sala OE, Savoy H, Vivoni ER. An Integrated View of Complex Landscapes: A Big Data-Model Integration Approach to Transdisciplinary Science. Bioscience 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/biosci/biy069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Debra P C Peters
- US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Jornada Experimental Range Unit and the Jornada Basin Long Term Ecological Research Program, in Las Cruces, New Mexico
| | - N Dylan Burruss
- New Mexico State University, Jornada Experimental Range Unit, and Jornada Basin Long Term Ecological Research Program, in Las Cruces, New Mexico
| | - Luis L Rodriguez
- US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, in Orient Point, New York
| | - D Scott McVey
- US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Center for Grain and Animal Health Research, Arthropod-Borne Animal Diseases Research Unit, in Manhattan, Kansas
| | - Emile H Elias
- US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Jornada Experimental Range Unit and the Jornada Basin Long Term Ecological Research Program, in Las Cruces, New Mexico
| | - Angela M Pelzel-McCluskey
- US Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Veterinary Services, in Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Justin D Derner
- US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Rangeland Resources and Systems Research Unit, in Cheyenne, Wyoming
| | - T Scott Schrader
- US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Jornada Experimental Range Unit and the Jornada Basin Long Term Ecological Research Program, in Las Cruces, New Mexico
| | - Jin Yao
- US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Jornada Experimental Range Unit and the Jornada Basin Long Term Ecological Research Program, in Las Cruces, New Mexico
| | - Steven J Pauszek
- US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, in Orient Point, New York
| | - Jason Lombard
- US Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Veterinary Services, in Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Steven R Archer
- School of Natural Resources and the Environment at the University of Arizona, in Tucson
| | - Brandon T Bestelmeyer
- US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Jornada Experimental Range Unit and the Jornada Basin Long Term Ecological Research Program, in Las Cruces, New Mexico
| | - Dawn M Browning
- US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Jornada Experimental Range Unit and the Jornada Basin Long Term Ecological Research Program, in Las Cruces, New Mexico
| | - Colby W Brungard
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Jornada Basin Long Term Ecological Research Program, New Mexico State University, in Las Cruces
| | - Jerry L Hatfield
- US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, National Laboratory for Agriculture and the Environment, in Ames, Iowa
| | - Niall P Hanan
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Jornada Basin Long Term Ecological Research Program, New Mexico State University, in Las Cruces
| | - Jeffrey E Herrick
- US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Jornada Experimental Range Unit and the Jornada Basin Long Term Ecological Research Program, in Las Cruces, New Mexico
| | - Gregory S Okin
- Department of Geography at the University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Osvaldo E Sala
- School of Life Sciences at Arizona State University, in Tempe
| | - Heather Savoy
- New Mexico State University, Jornada Experimental Range Unit, and Jornada Basin Long Term Ecological Research Program, in Las Cruces, New Mexico
| | - Enrique R Vivoni
- School of Earth and Space Exploration and the School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment at Arizona State University, in Tempe
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16
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Velazquez-Salinas L, Pauszek SJ, Stenfeldt C, O'Hearn ES, Pacheco JM, Borca MV, Verdugo-Rodriguez A, Arzt J, Rodriguez LL. Increased Virulence of an Epidemic Strain of Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Is Associated With Interference of the Innate Response in Pigs. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1891. [PMID: 30158915 PMCID: PMC6104175 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) causes sporadic outbreaks of vesicular disease in the southwestern United States. The intrinsic characteristics of epidemic strains associated with these outbreaks are poorly understood. In this study, we report the distinctive genomic and biological characteristics of an epidemic (NJ0612NME6) strain of VSV compared with an endemic (NJ0806VCB) strain. Genomic comparisons between the two strains revealed a total of 111 nucleotide differences (23 non-synonymous) with potentially relevant replacements located in the P, G, and L proteins. When tested in experimentally infected pigs, a natural host of VSV, the epidemic strain caused higher fever and an increased number of vesicular lesions compared to pigs infected with the endemic strain. Pigs infected with the epidemic strain showed decreased systemic antiviral activity (type I - IFN), lower antibody levels, higher levels of interleukin 6, and lower levels of tumor necrosis factor during the acute phase of disease compared to pigs infected with the endemic strain. Furthermore, we document the existence of an RNAemia phase in pigs experimentally infected with VSV and explored the cause for the lack of recovery of infectious virus from blood. Finally, the epidemic strain was shown to be more efficient in down-regulating transcription of IRF-7 in primary porcine macrophages. Collectively, the data shows that the epidemic strain of VSV we tested has an enhanced ability to modulate the innate immune response of the vertebrate host. Further studies are needed to examine other epidemic strains and what contributions a phenotype of increased virulence might have on the transmission of VSV during epizootics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauro Velazquez-Salinas
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Greenport, NY, United States.,College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico.,Plum Island Animal Disease Center Research Participation Program, Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
| | - Steven J Pauszek
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Greenport, NY, United States
| | - Carolina Stenfeldt
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Greenport, NY, United States.,Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, United States
| | - Emily S O'Hearn
- Foreign Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, Veterinary Services, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Plum Island, NY, United States
| | - Juan M Pacheco
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Greenport, NY, United States
| | - Manuel V Borca
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Greenport, NY, United States
| | - Antonio Verdugo-Rodriguez
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jonathan Arzt
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Greenport, NY, United States
| | - Luis L Rodriguez
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Greenport, NY, United States
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17
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Bertram MR, Vu LT, Pauszek SJ, Brito BP, Hartwig EJ, Smoliga GR, Hoang BH, Phuong NT, Stenfeldt C, Fish IH, Hung VV, Delgado A, VanderWaal K, Rodriguez LL, Long NT, Dung DH, Arzt J. Lack of Transmission of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus From Persistently Infected Cattle to Naïve Cattle Under Field Conditions in Vietnam. Front Vet Sci 2018; 5:174. [PMID: 30101147 PMCID: PMC6072850 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2018.00174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD), caused by FMD virus (FMDV; Aphthovirus, Picornaviridae), is a highly contagious and economically important disease of cloven-hoofed domestic livestock and wildlife species worldwide. Subsequent to the clinical phase of FMD, a large proportion of FMDV-infected ruminants become persistently infected carriers, defined by detection of FMDV in oropharyngeal fluid (OPF) samples 28 days or more post-infection. The goal of this prospective study was to characterize the FMD carrier state in cattle subsequent to natural infection under typical husbandry practices in Vietnam. Ten persistently infected cattle on eight farms in the Long An province in southern Vietnam were monitored by monthly screening of serum and oropharyngeal fluid samples for 12 months. To assess transmission from FMDV carriers, 16 naïve cattle were intentionally brought into direct contact with the persistently infected animals for 6 months, and were monitored by clinical and laboratory methods. The restricted mean duration of the FMD carrier state was 27.7 months, and the rate of decrease of the proportion of carrier animals was 0.03 per month. There was no evidence of transmission to naïve animals throughout the study period. Additionally, there was no detection of FMDV infection or seroconversion in three calves born to carrier animals during the study. The force of infection for carrier-to-contact transmission was 0 per month, with upper 95% confidence limit of 0.064 per month. Phylogenetic analysis of viral protein 1 (VP1) coding sequences obtained from carriers indicated that all viruses recovered in this study belonged to the O/ME-SA/PanAsia lineage, and grouped phylogenetically with temporally and geographically related viruses. Analysis of within-host evolution of FMDV, based upon full-length open reading frame sequences recovered from consecutive samples from one animal, indicated that most of the non-synonymous changes occurred in Lpro, VP2, and VP3 protein coding regions. This study suggests that the duration of FMDV persistent infection in cattle may be longer than previously recognized, but the risk of transmission is low. Additional novel insights are provided into within-host viral evolution under natural conditions in an endemic setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda R Bertram
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Orient Point, NY, United States.,Plum Island Animal Disease Center Research Participation Program, Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
| | - Le T Vu
- Regional Animal Health Office No. 6, Department of Animal Health, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Steven J Pauszek
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Orient Point, NY, United States
| | - Barbara P Brito
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Orient Point, NY, United States.,Plum Island Animal Disease Center Research Participation Program, Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
| | - Ethan J Hartwig
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Orient Point, NY, United States
| | - George R Smoliga
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Orient Point, NY, United States
| | - Bui H Hoang
- Regional Animal Health Office No. 6, Department of Animal Health, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen T Phuong
- Regional Animal Health Office No. 6, Department of Animal Health, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Carolina Stenfeldt
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Orient Point, NY, United States.,STEMMA Laboratory, Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, United States
| | - Ian H Fish
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Orient Point, NY, United States.,Plum Island Animal Disease Center Research Participation Program, Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
| | - Vo V Hung
- Regional Animal Health Office No. 6, Department of Animal Health, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Amy Delgado
- Monitoring and Modeling, Center for Epidemiology and Animal Health, APHIS, USDA, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Kimberley VanderWaal
- STEMMA Laboratory, Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, United States
| | - Luis L Rodriguez
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Orient Point, NY, United States
| | - Ngo T Long
- Regional Animal Health Office No. 6, Department of Animal Health, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Do H Dung
- Department of Animal Health, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Jonathan Arzt
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Orient Point, NY, United States
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18
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Farooq U, Ahmed Z, Naeem K, Bertram M, Brito B, Stenfeldt C, Pauszek SJ, LaRocco M, Rodriguez L, Arzt J. Characterization of naturally occurring, new and persistent subclinical foot‐and‐mouth disease virus infection in vaccinated Asian buffalo in Islamabad Capital Territory, Pakistan. Transbound Emerg Dis 2018; 65:1836-1850. [DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Umer Farooq
- Animal Health Program National Agricultural Research Center Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Zaheer Ahmed
- Agricultural Research Service Plum Island Animal Disease Center Orient Point New York
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE) Oak Ridge Tennessee
| | - Khalid Naeem
- Animal Health Program National Agricultural Research Center Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Miranda Bertram
- Agricultural Research Service Plum Island Animal Disease Center Orient Point New York
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE) Oak Ridge Tennessee
| | - Barbara Brito
- Agricultural Research Service Plum Island Animal Disease Center Orient Point New York
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE) Oak Ridge Tennessee
| | - Carolina Stenfeldt
- Agricultural Research Service Plum Island Animal Disease Center Orient Point New York
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine University of Minnesota St. Paul Minnesota
| | - Steven J. Pauszek
- Agricultural Research Service Plum Island Animal Disease Center Orient Point New York
| | - Michael LaRocco
- Agricultural Research Service Plum Island Animal Disease Center Orient Point New York
| | - Luis Rodriguez
- Agricultural Research Service Plum Island Animal Disease Center Orient Point New York
| | - Jonathan Arzt
- Agricultural Research Service Plum Island Animal Disease Center Orient Point New York
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19
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Brito B, Pauszek SJ, Hartwig EJ, Smoliga GR, Vu LT, Dong PV, Stenfeldt C, Rodriguez LL, King DP, Knowles NJ, Bachanek-Bankowska K, Long NT, Dung DH, Arzt J. A traditional evolutionary history of foot-and-mouth disease viruses in Southeast Asia challenged by analyses of non-structural protein coding sequences. Sci Rep 2018; 8:6472. [PMID: 29691483 PMCID: PMC5915611 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-24870-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Recombination of rapidly evolving RNA-viruses provides an important mechanism for diversification, spread, and emergence of new variants with enhanced fitness. Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) causes an important transboundary disease of livestock that is endemic to most countries in Asia and Africa. Maintenance and spread of FMDV are driven by periods of dominance of specific viral lineages. Current understanding of the molecular epidemiology of FMDV lineages is generally based on the phylogenetic relationship of the capsid-encoding genes, with less attention to the process of recombination and evolution of non-structural proteins. In this study, the putative recombination breakpoints of FMDVs endemic to Southeast Asia were determined using full-open reading frame sequences. Subsequently, the lineages’ divergence times of recombination-free genome regions were estimated. These analyses revealed a close relationship between two of the earliest endemic viral lineages that appear unrelated when only considering the phylogeny of their capsid proteins. Contrastingly, one lineage, named O/CATHAY, known for having a particular host predilection (pigs) has evolved independently. Additionally, intra-lineage recombination occurred at different breakpoints compared to the inter-lineage process. These results provide new insights about FMDV recombination patterns and the evolutionary interdependence of FMDV serotypes and lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Brito
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, ARS, USDA, NY, USA. .,Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, PIADC Research Participation Program, Oak Ridge, TN, USA.
| | - Steven J Pauszek
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, ARS, USDA, NY, USA
| | - Ethan J Hartwig
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, ARS, USDA, NY, USA
| | - George R Smoliga
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, ARS, USDA, NY, USA
| | - Le T Vu
- Regional Animal Health Office No. 6, Department of Animal Health, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Pham V Dong
- Regional Animal Health Office No. 6, Department of Animal Health, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Carolina Stenfeldt
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, ARS, USDA, NY, USA.,Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - Luis L Rodriguez
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, ARS, USDA, NY, USA
| | - Donald P King
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Woking, Surrey, UK
| | - Nick J Knowles
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Woking, Surrey, UK
| | | | - Ngo T Long
- Regional Animal Health Office No. 6, Department of Animal Health, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Do H Dung
- Department of Animal Health, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Jonathan Arzt
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, ARS, USDA, NY, USA.
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20
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Brito B, Pauszek SJ, Hartwig EJ, Smoliga GR, Vu LT, Vu PP, Stenfeldt C, Rodriguez LL, King DP, Knowles NJ, Bachanek-Bankowska K, Long NT, Dung H, Arzt J. A56 Evolutionary analyses of foot-and-mouth disease virus in Southeast Asia using whole-genome sequences. Virus Evol 2018. [PMCID: PMC5905488 DOI: 10.1093/ve/vey010.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Brito
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, ARS, USDA, NY, USA
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, PIADC Research Participation Program, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Steven J Pauszek
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, ARS, USDA, NY, USA
| | - Ethan J Hartwig
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, ARS, USDA, NY, USA
| | - George R Smoliga
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, ARS, USDA, NY, USA
| | - Le T Vu
- Department of Animal Health, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Regional Animal Health Office No 6, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Pham P Vu
- Department of Animal Health, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Regional Animal Health Office No 6, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Carolina Stenfeldt
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, ARS, USDA, NY, USA
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, PIADC Research Participation Program, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Luis L Rodriguez
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, ARS, USDA, NY, USA
| | | | | | | | - Ngo T Long
- Department of Animal Health, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Regional Animal Health Office No 6, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | | | - Jonathan Arzt
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, ARS, USDA, NY, USA
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21
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Bertram MR, Delgado A, Pauszek SJ, Smoliga GR, Brito B, Stenfeldt C, Hartwig EJ, Jumbo SD, Abdoulmoumini M, Oliva Marie AA, Salhine R, Rodriguez LL, Garabed R, Arzt J. Effect of vaccination on cattle subclinically infected with foot-and-mouth disease virus in Cameroon. Prev Vet Med 2018; 155:1-10. [PMID: 29786519 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2018.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is one of the most contagious and economically important livestock diseases worldwide. Four serotypes of FMD virus (FMDV; O, A, SAT1, SAT2) circulate in Cameroon, and a trivalent inactivated vaccine against the three most common serotypes (O, A, SAT2) was recently introduced in 2014. The objective of this study was to characterize vaccine performance in cattle under natural hyperendemic conditions in the Adamawa region of Cameroon. Vaccinated cattle (n = 50) and non-vaccinated controls (n = 100) were monitored by serum and oropharyngeal fluid (OPF) sample collection through a 12-month period. Anti-FMDV non-structural protein (anti-NSP) seroprevalence increased from 59.3% (89/150) at the beginning of the study to 85.8% (103/120) at the end of the study, and FMDV RNA was found in 28% (42/150) of animals overall, despite detection of clinical signs of FMD in only 6 non-vaccinated animals. Viral sequence analysis indicated that subclinical infections of FMDV serotypes O and A were present within the study herds during the study period, which was reflected by an overall increase of anti-NSP seroprevalence during the study. There was no association between vaccination status and seroconversion or prevalence of FMDV RNA in OPF. Younger cattle had higher odds of detection of FMDV RNA in OPF, but older animals were more likely to be seropositive. This study suggests vaccination of herds previously exposed to FMDV may help to limit clinical signs and reduce economic losses caused by FMDV. These findings also suggest that subclinical circulation of FMDV occurs in hyperendemic regions regardless of vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda R Bertram
- USDA/ARS Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, P.O. Box 848, Greenport, NY, USA; Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, PIADC Research Participation Program, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Amy Delgado
- Monitoring and Modeling, Center for Epidemiology and Animal Health, APHIS, USDA, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Steven J Pauszek
- USDA/ARS Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, P.O. Box 848, Greenport, NY, USA
| | - George R Smoliga
- USDA/ARS Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, P.O. Box 848, Greenport, NY, USA
| | - Barbara Brito
- USDA/ARS Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, P.O. Box 848, Greenport, NY, USA; Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, PIADC Research Participation Program, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Carolina Stenfeldt
- USDA/ARS Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, P.O. Box 848, Greenport, NY, USA; STEMMA Laboratory, Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - Ethan J Hartwig
- USDA/ARS Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, P.O. Box 848, Greenport, NY, USA
| | | | - Mamoudou Abdoulmoumini
- School of Science and Veterinary Medicine, University of Ngaoundéré, Ngaoundéré, Cameroon
| | - Amba Abona Oliva Marie
- School of Science and Veterinary Medicine, University of Ngaoundéré, Ngaoundéré, Cameroon
| | - Robert Salhine
- School of Science and Veterinary Medicine, University of Ngaoundéré, Ngaoundéré, Cameroon
| | - Luis L Rodriguez
- USDA/ARS Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, P.O. Box 848, Greenport, NY, USA
| | - Rebecca Garabed
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jonathan Arzt
- USDA/ARS Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, P.O. Box 848, Greenport, NY, USA.
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22
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Fish I, Stenfeldt C, Pauszek SJ, Brito BP, Hartwig EJ, Smoliga G, Rodriguez LL, Arzt J. A55 Foot-and-mouth disease virus undergoes abundant viral genomic changes at distinct stages of infection of cattle. Virus Evol 2018. [PMCID: PMC5905456 DOI: 10.1093/ve/vey010.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- I Fish
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, Greenport, NY, USA
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, PIADC Research Participation Program, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - C Stenfeldt
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, Greenport, NY, USA
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, PIADC Research Participation Program, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, MN, USA
| | - S J Pauszek
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, Greenport, NY, USA
| | - B P Brito
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, Greenport, NY, USA
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, PIADC Research Participation Program, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - E J Hartwig
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, Greenport, NY, USA
| | - G Smoliga
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, Greenport, NY, USA
| | - L L Rodriguez
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, Greenport, NY, USA
| | - J Arzt
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, Greenport, NY, USA
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23
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Ramirez-Carvajal L, Pauszek SJ, Ahmed Z, Farooq U, Naeem K, Shabman RS, Stockwell TB, Rodriguez LL. Genetic stability of foot-and-mouth disease virus during long-term infections in natural hosts. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0190977. [PMID: 29390015 PMCID: PMC5794060 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0190977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a severe infection caused by a picornavirus that affects livestock and wildlife. Persistence in ruminants is a well-documented feature of Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) pathogenesis and a major concern for disease control. Persistently infected animals harbor virus for extended periods, providing a unique opportunity to study within-host virus evolution. This study investigated the genetic dynamics of FMDV during persistent infections of naturally infected Asian buffalo. Using next-generation sequencing (NGS) we obtained 21 near complete FMDV genome sequences from 12 sub-clinically infected buffalo over a period of one year. Four animals yielded only one virus isolate and one yielded two isolates of different serotype suggesting a serial infection. Seven persistently infected animals yielded more than one virus of the same serotype showing a long-term intra-host viral genetic divergence at the consensus level of less than 2.5%. Quasi-species analysis showed few nucleotide variants and non-synonymous substitutions of progeny virus despite intra-host persistence of up to 152 days. Phylogenetic analyses of serotype Asia-1 VP1 sequences clustered all viruses from persistent animals with Group VII viruses circulating in Pakistan in 2011, but distinct from those circulating on 2008–2009. Furthermore, signature amino acid (aa) substitutions were found in the antigenically relevant VP1 of persistent viruses compared with viruses from 2008–2009. Intra-host purifying selective pressure was observed, with few codons in structural proteins undergoing positive selection. However, FMD persistent viruses did not show a clear pattern of antigenic selection. Our findings provide insight into the evolutionary dynamics of FMDV populations within naturally occurring subclinical and persistent infections that may have implications to vaccination strategies in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisbeth Ramirez-Carvajal
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, New York, United States of America
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE), Oak Ridge, Tennessee, United States of America
- * E-mail: (LLR); (LRC)
| | - Steven J. Pauszek
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, New York, United States of America
| | - Zaheer Ahmed
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, New York, United States of America
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE), Oak Ridge, Tennessee, United States of America
- Foreign Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, Animal Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS), Plum Island Animal Disease Center, New York, United States of America
| | - Umer Farooq
- Animal Health Program, National Agricultural Research Center, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Khalid Naeem
- Animal Health Program, National Agricultural Research Center, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Reed S. Shabman
- J. Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | | | - Luis L. Rodriguez
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail: (LLR); (LRC)
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24
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Ahmed Z, Pauszek SJ, Ludi A, LaRocco M, Khan EUH, Afzal M, Arshed MJ, Farooq U, Arzt J, Bertram M, Brito B, Naeem K, Abubakar M, Rodriguez LL. Genetic diversity and comparison of diagnostic tests for characterization of foot-and-mouth disease virus strains from Pakistan 2008-2012. Transbound Emerg Dis 2017; 65:534-546. [PMID: 29034593 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
We report the laboratory analysis of 125 clinical samples from suspected cases of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) in cattle and Asian buffalo collected in Pakistan between 2008 and 2012. Of these samples, 89 were found to contain viral RNA by rRT-PCR, of which 88 were also found to contain infectious FMD virus (FMDV) by virus isolation (VI), with strong correlation between these tests (κ = 0.96). Samples that were VI-positive were serotyped by antigen detection ELISA (Ag-ELISA) and VP1 sequence acquisition and analysis. Sequence data identified FMDV serotypes A (n = 13), O (n = 36) and Asia-1 (n = 41), including three samples from which both serotypes Asia-1 and O were detected. Serotype A viruses were classified within three different Iran-05 sublineages: HER-10, FAR-11 and ESF-10. All serotype Asia-1 were within Group VII (Sindh-08 lineage), in a genetic clade that differs from viruses isolated prior to 2010. All serotypes O were classified as PanAsia-2 within two different sublineages: ANT-10 and BAL-09. Using VP1 sequencing as the gold standard for serotype determination, the overall sensitivity of Ag-ELISA to correctly determine serotype was 74%, and serotype-specific sensitivity was 8% for serotype A, 88% for Asia-1 and 89% for O. Serotype-specific specificity was 100% for serotype A, 93% for Asia-1 and 94% for O. Interestingly, 12 of 13 serotype A viruses were not detected by Ag-ELISA. This study confirms earlier accounts of regional genetic diversity of FMDV in Pakistan and highlights the importance of continued validation of diagnostic tests for rapidly evolving pathogens such as FMDV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Ahmed
- USDA/ARS Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Greenport, NY, USA.,Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, PIADC Research Participation Program, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - S J Pauszek
- USDA/ARS Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Greenport, NY, USA
| | - A Ludi
- USDA/ARS Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Greenport, NY, USA.,Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, PIADC Research Participation Program, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - M LaRocco
- USDA/ARS Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Greenport, NY, USA
| | - E-U-H Khan
- Progressive Control of Foot and Mouth Disease in Pakistan, Food & Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Office, NARC Premises, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - M Afzal
- Progressive Control of Foot and Mouth Disease in Pakistan, Food & Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Office, NARC Premises, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - M J Arshed
- Progressive Control of Foot and Mouth Disease in Pakistan, Food & Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Office, NARC Premises, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - U Farooq
- Animal Health Program, Animal Sciences Institute, National Agricultural Research Center, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - J Arzt
- USDA/ARS Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Greenport, NY, USA
| | - M Bertram
- USDA/ARS Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Greenport, NY, USA.,Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, PIADC Research Participation Program, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - B Brito
- USDA/ARS Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Greenport, NY, USA.,Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, PIADC Research Participation Program, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - K Naeem
- Animal Health Program, Animal Sciences Institute, National Agricultural Research Center, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - M Abubakar
- National Veterinary Laboratories, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - L L Rodriguez
- USDA/ARS Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Greenport, NY, USA
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25
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Velazquez-Salinas L, Naik S, Pauszek SJ, Peng KW, Russell SJ, Rodriguez LL. Oncolytic Recombinant Vesicular Stomatitis Virus (VSV) Is Nonpathogenic and Nontransmissible in Pigs, a Natural Host of VSV. HUM GENE THER CL DEV 2017; 28:108-115. [PMID: 28514874 DOI: 10.1089/humc.2017.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) is a negative-stranded RNA virus that naturally causes disease in livestock including horses, cattle and pigs. The two main identified VSV serotypes are New Jersey (VSNJV) and Indiana (VSIV). VSV is a rapidly replicating, potently immunogenic virus that has been engineered to develop novel oncolytic therapies for cancer treatment. Swine are a natural host for VSV and provide a relevant and well-established model, amenable to biological sampling to monitor virus shedding and neutralizing antibodies. Previous reports have documented the pathogenicity and transmissibility of wild-type isolates and recombinant strains of VSIV and VSNJV using the swine model. Oncolytic VSV engineered to express interferon-beta (IFNβ) and the sodium iodide symporter (NIS), VSV-IFNβ-NIS, has been shown to be a potent new therapeutic agent inducing rapid and durable tumor remission following systemic therapy in preclinical mouse models. VSV-IFNβ-NIS is currently undergoing clinical evaluation for the treatment of advanced cancer in human and canine patients. To support clinical studies and comprehensively assess the risk of transmission to susceptible species, we tested the pathogenicity and transmissibility of oncolytic VSV-IFNβ-NIS using the swine model. Following previously established protocols to evaluate VSV pathogenicity, intradermal inoculation with 107 TCID50 VSV-IFNβ-NIS caused no observable symptoms in pigs. There was no detectable shedding of infectious virus in VSV-IFNβ-NIS in biological excreta of inoculated pigs or exposed naive pigs kept in direct contact throughout the experiment. VSV-IFNβ-NIS inoculated pigs became seropositive for VSV antibodies, while contact pigs displayed no symptoms of VSV infection, and importantly did not seroconvert. These data indicate that oncolytic VSV is both nonpathogenic and not transmissible in pigs, a natural host. These findings support further clinical development of oncolytic VSV-IFNβ-NIS as a safe therapeutic for human and canine cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauro Velazquez-Salinas
- 1 United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Services , Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Plum Island, New York
| | - Shruthi Naik
- 2 Vyriad, Inc., Rochester Minnesota.,3 Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine , Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Steven J Pauszek
- 1 United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Services , Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Plum Island, New York
| | - Kah-Whye Peng
- 3 Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine , Rochester, Minnesota.,4 Toxicology and Pharmacology Laboratory, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine , Rochester, Minnesota
| | | | - Luis L Rodriguez
- 1 United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Services , Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Plum Island, New York
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26
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Vu LT, Long NT, Brito B, Stenfeldt C, Phuong NT, Hoang BH, Pauszek SJ, Hartwig EJ, Smoliga GR, Vu PP, Quang LTV, Hung VV, Tho ND, Dong PV, Minh PQ, Bertram M, Fish IH, Rodriguez LL, Dung DH, Arzt J. First detection of foot-and-mouth disease virus O/Ind-2001d in Vietnam. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0177361. [PMID: 28599321 PMCID: PMC5466432 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0177361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) serotype O, topotype Middle East-South Asia (ME-SA), lineage Ind-2001d has spread from the Indian subcontinent to the Middle East, North Africa, and Southeast Asia. In the current report, we describe the first detection of this lineage in Vietnam in May, 2015 in Đắk Nông province. Three subsequent outbreaks caused by genetically related viruses occurred between May–October, 2015 after which the virus was not detected in clinical outbreaks for at least 15 subsequent months. The observed outbreaks affected (in chronological order): cattle in Đắk Nông province, pigs in Đắk Lắk province and Đắk Nông province, and cattle in Ninh Thuận province. The clinical syndromes associated with these outbreaks were consistent with typical FMD in the affected species. Overall attack rate on affected premises was 0.85 in pigs and 0.93 in cattle over the course of the outbreak. Amongst 378 pigs at risk on affected premises, 85 pigs died during the outbreaks; there were no deaths among cattle. The manner in which FMDV/O/ME-SA/Ind-2001d was introduced into Vietnam remains undetermined; however, movement of live cattle is the suspected route. This incursion has substantial implications for epidemiology and control of FMD in Southeast Asia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le T. Vu
- Regional Animal Health Office No. 6, Department of Animal Health, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Ngo T. Long
- Regional Animal Health Office No. 6, Department of Animal Health, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Barbara Brito
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, ARS, USDA, Orient Point, NY, United States of America
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, PIADC Research Participation Program, Oak Ridge, TN, United States of America
| | - Carolina Stenfeldt
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, ARS, USDA, Orient Point, NY, United States of America
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, PIADC Research Participation Program, Oak Ridge, TN, United States of America
| | - Nguyen T. Phuong
- Regional Animal Health Office No. 6, Department of Animal Health, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Bui H. Hoang
- Regional Animal Health Office No. 6, Department of Animal Health, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Steven J. Pauszek
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, ARS, USDA, Orient Point, NY, United States of America
| | - Ethan J. Hartwig
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, ARS, USDA, Orient Point, NY, United States of America
| | - George R. Smoliga
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, ARS, USDA, Orient Point, NY, United States of America
| | - Pham P. Vu
- Regional Animal Health Office No. 6, Department of Animal Health, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Le T. V. Quang
- Regional Animal Health Office No. 6, Department of Animal Health, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Vo V. Hung
- Regional Animal Health Office No. 6, Department of Animal Health, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen D. Tho
- Department of Animal Health, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Pham V. Dong
- Department of Animal Health, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Phan Q. Minh
- Department of Animal Health, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Miranda Bertram
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, ARS, USDA, Orient Point, NY, United States of America
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, PIADC Research Participation Program, Oak Ridge, TN, United States of America
| | - Ian H. Fish
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, ARS, USDA, Orient Point, NY, United States of America
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, PIADC Research Participation Program, Oak Ridge, TN, United States of America
| | - Luis L. Rodriguez
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, ARS, USDA, Orient Point, NY, United States of America
| | - Do H. Dung
- Department of Animal Health, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Hanoi, Vietnam
- * E-mail: (JA); (DHD)
| | - Jonathan Arzt
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, ARS, USDA, Orient Point, NY, United States of America
- * E-mail: (JA); (DHD)
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27
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Brito B, Pauszek SJ, Eschbaumer M, Stenfeldt C, de Carvalho Ferreira HC, Vu LT, Phuong NT, Hoang BH, Tho ND, Dong PV, Minh PQ, Long NT, King DP, Knowles NJ, Dung DH, Rodriguez LL, Arzt J. Phylodynamics of foot-and-mouth disease virus O/PanAsia in Vietnam 2010-2014. Vet Res 2017; 48:24. [PMID: 28403902 PMCID: PMC5390394 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-017-0424-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) is endemic in Vietnam, a country that plays an important role in livestock trade within Southeast Asia. The large populations of FMDV-susceptible species in Vietnam are important components of food production and of the national livelihood. In this study, we investigated the phylogeny of FMDV O/PanAsia in Vietnam, reconstructing the virus' ancestral host species (pig, cattle or buffalo), clinical stage (subclinical carrier or clinically affected) and geographical location. Phylogenetic divergence time estimation and character state reconstruction analyses suggest that movement of viruses between species differ. While inferred transmissions from cattle to buffalo and pigs and from pigs to cattle are well supported, transmission from buffalo to other species, and from pigs to buffalo may be less frequent. Geographical movements of FMDV O/PanAsia virus appears to occur in all directions within the country, with the South Central Coast and the Northeast regions playing a more important role in FMDV O/PanAsia spread. Genetic selection of variants with changes at specific sites within FMDV VP1 coding region was different depending on host groups analyzed. The overall ratio of non-synonymous to synonymous nucleotide changes was greater in pigs compared to cattle and buffalo, whereas a higher number of individual amino acid sites under positive selection were detected in persistently infected, subclinical animals compared to viruses collected from clinically diseased animals. These results provide novel insights to understand FMDV evolution and its association with viral spread within endemic countries. These findings may support animal health organizations in their endeavor to design animal disease control strategies in response to outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Brito
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, ARS, USDA, Orient Point, NY, USA.,Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, PIADC Research Participation Program, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Steven J Pauszek
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, ARS, USDA, Orient Point, NY, USA
| | - Michael Eschbaumer
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, ARS, USDA, Orient Point, NY, USA.,Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, PIADC Research Participation Program, Oak Ridge, TN, USA.,Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Carolina Stenfeldt
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, ARS, USDA, Orient Point, NY, USA.,Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, PIADC Research Participation Program, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Helena C de Carvalho Ferreira
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, ARS, USDA, Orient Point, NY, USA.,Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, PIADC Research Participation Program, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Le T Vu
- Regional Animal Health Office No. 6, Department of Animal Health, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen T Phuong
- Regional Animal Health Office No. 6, Department of Animal Health, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Bui H Hoang
- Regional Animal Health Office No. 6, Department of Animal Health, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen D Tho
- National Centre for Veterinary Diagnostics, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Pham V Dong
- Department of Animal Health, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Phan Q Minh
- Department of Animal Health, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Ngo T Long
- Regional Animal Health Office No. 6, Department of Animal Health, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | | | | | - Do H Dung
- Department of Animal Health, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Luis L Rodriguez
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, ARS, USDA, Orient Point, NY, USA
| | - Jonathan Arzt
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, ARS, USDA, Orient Point, NY, USA.
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28
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Fowler VL, Howson ELA, Madi M, Mioulet V, Caiusi C, Pauszek SJ, Rodriguez LL, King DP. Development of a reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay for the detection of vesicular stomatitis New Jersey virus: Use of rapid molecular assays to differentiate between vesicular disease viruses. J Virol Methods 2016; 234:123-31. [PMID: 27118518 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2016.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Revised: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/17/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Vesicular stomatitis (VS) is endemic in Central America and northern regions of South America, where sporadic outbreaks in cattle and pigs can cause clinical signs that are similar to foot-and-mouth disease (FMD). There is therefore a pressing need for rapid, sensitive and specific differential diagnostic assays that are suitable for decision making in the field. RT-LAMP assays have been developed for vesicular diseases such as FMD and swine vesicular disease (SVD) but there is currently no RT-LAMP assay that can detect VS virus (VSV), nor are there any multiplex RT-LAMP assays which permit rapid discrimination between these 'look-a-like' diseases in situ. This study describes the development of a novel RT-LAMP assay for the detection of VSV focusing on the New Jersey (VSNJ) serotype, which has caused most of the recent VS cases in the Americas. This RT-LAMP assay was combined in a multiplex format combining molecular lateral-flow devices for the discrimination between FMD and VS. This assay was able to detect representative VSNJV's and the limit of detection of the singleplex and multiplex VSNJV RT-LAMP assays were equivalent to laboratory based real-time RT-PCR assays. A similar multiplex RT-LAMP assay was developed to discriminate between FMDV and SVDV, showing that FMDV, SVDV and VSNJV could be reliably detected within epithelial suspensions without the need for prior RNA extraction, providing an approach that could be used as the basis for a rapid and low cost assay for differentiation of FMD from other vesicular diseases in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica L Fowler
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Surrey, GU24 0NF, United Kingdom.
| | - Emma L A Howson
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Surrey, GU24 0NF, United Kingdom
| | - Mikidache Madi
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Surrey, GU24 0NF, United Kingdom
| | - Valérie Mioulet
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Surrey, GU24 0NF, United Kingdom
| | - Chiara Caiusi
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Surrey, GU24 0NF, United Kingdom
| | - Steven J Pauszek
- Plum Island Animal Disease Center, 40550 Main Rd, Orient, NY 11957, United States
| | - Luis L Rodriguez
- Plum Island Animal Disease Center, 40550 Main Rd, Orient, NY 11957, United States
| | - Donald P King
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Surrey, GU24 0NF, United Kingdom
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de Carvalho Ferreira HC, Pauszek SJ, Ludi A, Huston CL, Pacheco JM, Le VT, Nguyen PT, Bui HH, Nguyen TD, Nguyen T, Nguyen TT, Ngo LT, Do DH, Rodriguez L, Arzt J. An Integrative Analysis of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Carriers in Vietnam Achieved Through Targeted Surveillance and Molecular Epidemiology. Transbound Emerg Dis 2015; 64:547-563. [PMID: 26301461 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a major constraint to transboundary trade in animal products, yet much of its natural ecology and epidemiology in endemic regions is still poorly understood. To address this gap, a multidisciplinary, molecular and conventional epidemiological approach was applied to an investigation of endemic FMD in Vietnam. Within the study space, it was found that 22.3% of sampled ruminants had previously been infected with FMD virus (FMDV), of which 10.8% were persistent, asymptomatic carriers (2.4% of the total population). Descriptive data collected from targeted surveillance and a farm questionnaire showed a significantly lower prevalence of FMDV infection for dairy farms. In contrast, farms of intermediate size and/or history of infection in 2010 were at increased risk of FMD exposure. At the individual animal level, buffalo had the highest exposure risk (over cattle), and there was spatial heterogeneity in exposure risk at the commune level. Conversely, carrier prevalence was higher for beef cattle, suggesting lower susceptibility of buffalo to persistent FMDV infection. To characterize virus strains currently circulating in Vietnam, partial FMDV genomic (VP1) sequences from carrier animals collected between 2012 and 2013 (N = 27) and from FMDV outbreaks between 2009 and 2013 (N = 79) were compared by phylogenetic analysis. Sequence analysis suggested that within the study period, there were two apparent novel introductions of serotype A viruses and that the dominant lineage of serotype O in Vietnam shifted from SEA/Mya-98 to ME-SA/PanAsia. FMDV strains shared close ancestors with FMDV from other South-East Asian countries indicating substantial transboundary movement of the predominant circulating strains. Close genetic relationships were observed between carrier and outbreak viruses, which may suggest that asymptomatic carriers of FMDV contribute to regional disease persistence. Multiple viral sequences obtained from carrier cattle over a 1-year period had considerable within-animal genetic variation, indicating within-host virus evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- H C de Carvalho Ferreira
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Greenport, NY, USA.,Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, PIADC Research Participation Program, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - S J Pauszek
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Greenport, NY, USA
| | - A Ludi
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Greenport, NY, USA.,Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, PIADC Research Participation Program, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - C L Huston
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | - J M Pacheco
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Greenport, NY, USA
| | - V T Le
- Regional Animal Health Office No. 6, Department of Animal Health, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - P T Nguyen
- Regional Animal Health Office No. 6, Department of Animal Health, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - H H Bui
- Regional Animal Health Office No. 6, Department of Animal Health, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - T D Nguyen
- National Centre for Veterinary Diagnostics, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - T Nguyen
- National Centre for Veterinary Diagnostics, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - T T Nguyen
- Department of Animal Health, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - L T Ngo
- Regional Animal Health Office No. 6, Department of Animal Health, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - D H Do
- Department of Animal Health, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - L Rodriguez
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Greenport, NY, USA
| | - J Arzt
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Greenport, NY, USA
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30
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O'Donnell V, Pacheco JM, Larocco M, Gladue DP, Pauszek SJ, Smoliga G, Krug PW, Baxt B, Borca MV, Rodriguez L. Virus-host interactions in persistently FMDV-infected cells derived from bovine pharynx. Virology 2014; 468-470:185-196. [PMID: 25216088 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2014.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Revised: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) produces a disease in cattle characterized by vesicular lesions and a persistent infection with asymptomatic low-level production of virus in pharyngeal tissues. Here we describe the establishment of a persistently infected primary cell culture derived from bovine pharynx tissue (PBPT) infected with FMDV serotype O1 Manisa, where surviving cells were serially passed until a persistently infected culture was generated. Characterization of the persistent virus demonstrated changes in its plaque size, ability to grow in different cell lines, and change in the use of integrins as receptors, when compared with the parental virus. These results demonstrate the establishment of persistently infected PBPT cell cultures where co-adaptation has taken place between the virus and host cells. This in vitro model for FMDV persistence may help further understanding of the molecular mechanisms of the cattle carrier state.
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Affiliation(s)
- V O'Donnell
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, P.O. Box 848, Greenport, NY 11944, USA; Department of Pathobiology and Veterinary Science, University of Connecticut at Storrs, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - J M Pacheco
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, P.O. Box 848, Greenport, NY 11944, USA
| | - Michael Larocco
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, P.O. Box 848, Greenport, NY 11944, USA
| | - D P Gladue
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, P.O. Box 848, Greenport, NY 11944, USA
| | - S J Pauszek
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, P.O. Box 848, Greenport, NY 11944, USA
| | - G Smoliga
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, P.O. Box 848, Greenport, NY 11944, USA
| | - P W Krug
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, P.O. Box 848, Greenport, NY 11944, USA
| | - B Baxt
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, P.O. Box 848, Greenport, NY 11944, USA
| | - M V Borca
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, P.O. Box 848, Greenport, NY 11944, USA
| | - L Rodriguez
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, P.O. Box 848, Greenport, NY 11944, USA
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31
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Stenfeldt C, Pacheco JM, Smoliga GR, Bishop E, Pauszek SJ, Hartwig EJ, Rodriguez LL, Arzt J. Detection of Foot-and-mouth Disease Virus RNA and Capsid Protein in Lymphoid Tissues of Convalescent Pigs Does Not Indicate Existence of a Carrier State. Transbound Emerg Dis 2014; 63:152-64. [PMID: 24943477 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A systematic study was performed to investigate the potential of pigs to establish and maintain persistent foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) infection. Infectious virus could not be recovered from sera, oral, nasal or oropharyngeal fluids obtained after resolution of clinical infection with any of five FMDV strains within serotypes A, O and Asia-1. Furthermore, there was no isolation of live virus from tissue samples harvested at 28-100 days post-infection from convalescent pigs recovered from clinical or subclinical FMD. Despite lack of detection of infectious FMDV, there was a high prevalence of FMDV RNA detection in lymph nodes draining lesion sites harvested at 35 days post-infection, with the most frequent detection recorded in popliteal lymph nodes (positive detection in 88% of samples obtained from non-vaccinated pigs). Likewise, at 35 dpi, FMDV capsid antigen was localized within follicles of draining lymph nodes, but without concurrent detection of FMDV non-structural protein. There was a marked decline in the detection of FMDV RNA and antigen in tissue samples by 60 dpi, and no antigen or viral RNA could be detected in samples obtained at 100 dpi. The data presented herein provide the most extensive investigation of FMDV persistence in pigs. The overall conclusion is that domestic pigs are unlikely to be competent long-term carriers of infectious FMDV; however, transient persistence of FMDV protein and RNA in lymphoid tissues is common following clinical or subclinical infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Stenfeldt
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Greenport, NY, USA.,Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, PIADC Research Participation Program, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - J M Pacheco
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Greenport, NY, USA
| | - G R Smoliga
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Greenport, NY, USA
| | - E Bishop
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Greenport, NY, USA
| | - S J Pauszek
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Greenport, NY, USA
| | - E J Hartwig
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Greenport, NY, USA
| | - L L Rodriguez
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Greenport, NY, USA
| | - J Arzt
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Greenport, NY, USA
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32
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Pauszek SJ, Rodriguez LL. Full-length genome analysis of vesicular stomatitis New Jersey virus strains representing the phylogenetic and geographic diversity of the virus. Arch Virol 2012; 157:2247-51. [DOI: 10.1007/s00705-012-1420-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2012] [Accepted: 06/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Pacheco JM, Piccone ME, Rieder E, Pauszek SJ, Borca MV, Rodriguez LL. Domain disruptions of individual 3B proteins of foot-and-mouth disease virus do not alter growth in cell culture or virulence in cattle. Virology 2010; 405:149-56. [PMID: 20580394 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2010.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2010] [Revised: 02/23/2010] [Accepted: 05/27/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Picornavirus RNA replication is initiated by a small viral protein primer, 3B (also known as VPg), that is covalently linked to the 5' terminus of the viral genome. In contrast to other picornaviruses that encode a single copy of 3B, foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) encodes three copies of 3B. Viruses containing disrupted native sequence or deletion of one of their three 3B proteins were derived from a FMDV A24 Cruzeiro full-length cDNA infectious clone. Mutant viruses had growth characteristics similar to the parental virus in cells. RNA synthesis and protein cleavage processes were not significantly affected in these mutant viruses. Cattle infected by aerosol exposure with mutant viruses developed clinical disease similar to that caused by the parental A24 Cruzeiro. Therefore, severe domain disruption or deletion of individual 3B proteins in FMDV do not affect the virus' ability to replicate in vitro and cause clinical disease in cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan M Pacheco
- Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Greenport, New York, USA
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34
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Perez AM, Pauszek SJ, Jimenez D, Kelley WN, Whedbee Z, Rodriguez LL. Spatial and phylogenetic analysis of vesicular stomatitis virus over-wintering in the United States. Prev Vet Med 2010; 93:258-64. [PMID: 19962205 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2009.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andres M Perez
- Center for Animal Diseases Modeling and Surveillance (CADMS), Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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35
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Mead DG, Lovett KR, Murphy MD, Pauszek SJ, Smoliga G, Gray EW, Noblet R, Overmyer J, Rodriguez LL. Experimental transmission of vesicular stomatitis New Jersey virus from Simulium vittatum to cattle: clinical outcome is influenced by site of insect feeding. J Med Entomol 2009; 46:866-872. [PMID: 19645291 DOI: 10.1603/033.046.0419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Vesicular stomatitis New Jersey virus (VSNJV) is an insect-transmitted Rhabdovirus causing vesicular disease in domestic livestock including cattle, horses, and pigs. Natural transmission during epidemics remains poorly understood, particularly in cattle, one of the most affected species during outbreaks. This study reports the first successful transmission of VSNJV to cattle by insect bite resulting in clinical disease. When infected black flies (Simulium vittatum Zetterstedt) fed at sites where VS lesions are usually observed (mouth, nostrils, and foot coronary band), infection occurred, characterized by local viral replication, vesicular lesions, and high neutralizing antibody titers (> 1: 256). Viral RNA was detected up to 9 d postinfection in tissues collected during necropsy from lesion sites and lymph nodes draining those sites. Interestingly, when flies were allowed to feed on flank or neck skin, viral replication was poor, lesions were not observed, and low levels of neutralizing antibodies (range, 1:8-1:32) developed. Viremia was never observed in any of the animals and infectious virus was not recovered from tissues on necropsies performed between 8 and 27 d postinfection. Demonstration that VSNJV transmission to cattle by infected black flies can result in clinical disease contributes to a better understanding of the epidemiology and potential prevention and control methods for this important disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- D G Mead
- Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, College of Veterinary Medicine, Athens, CA 30602, USA
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36
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Wilson WC, Letchworth GJ, Jiménez C, Herrero MV, Navarro R, Paz P, Cornish TE, Smoliga G, Pauszek SJ, Dornak C, George M, Rodriguez LL. Field Evaluation of a Multiplex Real-Time Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction Assay for Detection of Vesicular Stomatitis Virus. J Vet Diagn Invest 2009; 21:179-86. [DOI: 10.1177/104063870902100201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sporadic outbreaks of vesicular stomatitis (VS) in the United States result in significant economic losses for the U.S. livestock industries because VS is a reportable disease that clinically mimics foot-and-mouth disease. Rapid and accurate differentiation of these 2 diseases is critical because their consequences and control strategies differ radically. The objective of the current study was to field validate a 1-tube multiplexed real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (real-time RT-PCR) assay for the rapid detection of Vesicular stomatitis New Jersey virus and Vesicular stomatitis Indiana virus strains occurring in Mexico and North and Central America. A comprehensive collection of 622 vesicular lesion samples obtained from cattle, horses, and swine from throughout Mexico and Central America was tested by the real-time RT-PCR assay and virus isolation. Overall, clinical sensitivity and specificity of the real-time RT-PCR were 83% and 99%, respectively. Interestingly, VS virus isolates originating from a specific region of Costa Rica were not detected by real-time RT-PCR. Sequence comparisons of these viruses with the real-time RT-PCR probe and primers showed mismatches in the probe and forward and reverse primer regions. Additional lineage-specific primers and a probe corrected the lack of detection of the missing genetic lineage. Thus, this assay reliably identified existing Mexican and Central American VS viruses and proved readily adaptable as new VS viruses were encountered. An important secondary result of this research was the collection of hundreds of new VS virus isolates that provide a foundation from which many additional studies can arise.
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Affiliation(s)
- William C. Wilson
- the Arthropod-Borne Diseases Research Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Laramie, WY
| | - Geoffrey J. Letchworth
- the Arthropod-Borne Diseases Research Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Laramie, WY
| | - Carlos Jiménez
- Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional, Heredia, Costa Rica
| | - Marco V. Herrero
- Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional, Heredia, Costa Rica
| | - Roberto Navarro
- Comisión México-Estados Unidos para la Prevención de la Fiebre Aftosa y otras Enfermedades Exóticas de los Animales, Mexico
| | - Pedro Paz
- Comisión México-Estados Unidos para la Prevención de la Fiebre Aftosa y otras Enfermedades Exóticas de los Animales, Mexico
| | - Todd E. Cornish
- the Department of Veterinary Science, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY
| | - George Smoliga
- Plum Island Animal Disease Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Greenport, NY
| | - Steven J. Pauszek
- Plum Island Animal Disease Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Greenport, NY
| | - Carrie Dornak
- the Department of Veterinary Science, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY
| | - Marcos George
- Laboratorio de Diagnóstico de Enfermedades Vesiculares, Panama City, Panama
| | - Luis L. Rodriguez
- Plum Island Animal Disease Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Greenport, NY
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Pauszek SJ, Allende R, Rodriguez LL. Characterization of the full-length genomic sequences of vesicular stomatitis Cocal and Alagoas viruses. Arch Virol 2008; 153:1353-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s00705-008-0113-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2008] [Accepted: 04/15/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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38
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Rainwater-Lovett K, Pauszek SJ, Kelley WN, Rodriguez LL. Molecular epidemiology of vesicular stomatitis New Jersey virus from the 2004–2005 US outbreak indicates a common origin with Mexican strains. J Gen Virol 2007; 88:2042-2051. [PMID: 17554039 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.82644-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Vesicular stomatitis (VS) outbreaks of unknown origin occur at 8–10-year intervals in the south-western USA with the most recent outbreak beginning in 2004. A previous study has suggested that strains causing US outbreaks are closely related to strains causing outbreaks in Mexico [Rodriguez (2002) Virus Res
85, 211–219]. This study determined the phylogenetic relationships among 116 vesicular stomatitis New Jersey virus (VSNJV) strains obtained from the 2004 outbreak and from endemic areas in Mexico. All 69 US viruses showed little sequence divergence (≤1.3 %), regardless of their location or time of collection, and clustered with 11 Mexican viruses into a genetic lineage not previously present in the USA. Furthermore, viruses with identical phosphoprotein hypervariable region sequences to those causing the US outbreaks in 1995–1997 and 2004–2005 were found circulating in Mexico between 2002 and 2004. Molecular adaptation analysis provided evidence for positive selection in the phosphoprotein and glycoprotein genes during a south-to-north migration among 69 US viruses collected between the spring and autumn of 2004 and 2005. Phylogenetic data, temporal–spatial distribution and the finding of viral strains identical to those causing major outbreaks in the USA circulating in Mexico demonstrated that VS outbreaks in the south-western USA are the result of the introduction of viral strains from endemic areas in Mexico.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlin Rainwater-Lovett
- Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, PO Box 848, Greenport, NY 11944, USA
| | - Steven J Pauszek
- Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, PO Box 848, Greenport, NY 11944, USA
| | - William N Kelley
- Veterinary Services, Animal Plant Health Inspection Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 2150 Centre Avenue, Building B, Fort Collins, CO 80526, USA
| | - Luis L Rodriguez
- Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, PO Box 848, Greenport, NY 11944, USA
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39
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Martinez I, Rodriguez LL, Jimenez C, Pauszek SJ, Wertz GW. Vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein is a determinant of pathogenesis in swine, a natural host. J Virol 2003; 77:8039-47. [PMID: 12829843 PMCID: PMC161932 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.77.14.8039-8047.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2003] [Accepted: 04/11/2003] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
There are two major serotypes of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), Indiana (VSIV) and New Jersey (VSNJV). We recovered recombinant VSIVs from engineered cDNAs that contained either (i) one copy of the VSIV G gene (VSIV-G(I)); (ii) two copies of the G gene, one from each serotype (VSIV-G(NJ)G(I)); or (iii) a single copy of the G(NJ) gene instead of the G(I) gene (VSIV-G(NJ)). The recombinant viruses expressed the appropriate glycoproteins, incorporated them into virions, and were neutralized by antibodies specific for VSIV (VSIV-G(I)), VSNJV (VSIV-G(NJ)), or both (VSIV-G(NJ)G(I)), according to the glycoprotein(s) they expressed. All recombinant viruses grew to similar titers in cell culture. In mice, VSIV-G(NJ) and VSIV-G(NJ)G(I) were attenuated. However, in swine, a natural host for VSV, the G(NJ) glycoprotein-containing viruses caused more severe lesions and replicated to higher titers than the parental virus, VSIV-G(I). These observations implicate the glycoprotein as a determinant of VSV virulence in a natural host and emphasize the differences in VSV pathogenesis between mice and swine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isidoro Martinez
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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40
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Rodriguez LL, Pauszek SJ, Bunch TA, Schumann KR. Full-length genome analysis of natural isolates of vesicular stomatitis virus (Indiana 1 serotype) from North, Central and South America. J Gen Virol 2002; 83:2475-2483. [PMID: 12237430 DOI: 10.1099/0022-1317-83-10-2475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Most studies on the molecular biology and functional analysis of vesicular stomatitis virus Indiana 1 serotype (VSV-IN1) are based on the only full-length genomic sequence currently deposited in GenBank. This sequence is a composite of several VSV-IN1 laboratory strains passaged extensively in tissue culture over the years and it is not certain that this sequence is representative of strains circulating in nature. We describe here the complete genomic sequence of three natural isolates, each representing a distinct genetic lineage and geographical origin: 98COE (North America), 94GUB (Central America) and 85CLB (South America). Genome structure and organization were conserved, with a 47 nucleotide 3' leader, five viral genes -- N, P, M, G and L -- and a 59 nucleotide 5' trailer. The most conserved gene was N, followed by M, L and G, with the most variable being P. Sequences containing the polyadenylation and transcription stop and start signals were completely conserved among all the viruses studied, but changes were found in the non-transcribed intergenic nucleotides, including the presence of a trinucleotide at the M-G junction of the South American lineage isolate. A 102-189 nucleotide insertion was present in the 5' non-coding region of the G gene only in the viruses within a genetic lineage from northern Central America. These full-length genomic sequences should be useful in designing diagnostic probes and in the interpretation of functional genomic analyses using reverse genetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis L Rodriguez
- Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Orient Point, Long Island, PO Box 848 Greenport, NY 11944-0848, USA1
| | - Steven J Pauszek
- Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Orient Point, Long Island, PO Box 848 Greenport, NY 11944-0848, USA1
| | - Thomas A Bunch
- Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Orient Point, Long Island, PO Box 848 Greenport, NY 11944-0848, USA1
| | - Kate R Schumann
- Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Orient Point, Long Island, PO Box 848 Greenport, NY 11944-0848, USA1
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