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Lee YM, Kim YJ. Two cases of bacteremic pneumonia caused by Bifidobacterium species. Anaerobe 2021; 73:102483. [PMID: 34839008 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2021.102483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Clinical infections by Bifidobacterium species rarely developed. We report two cases of bacteremic pneumonia caused by B. pseudocatenulatum and B. dentium, respectively, in patients vulnerable to aspiration. These cases suggested the potential for cause of serious pneumonia caused by Bifidobacterium species, in patients with high risk of aspiration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Mi Lee
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Jin Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Zhou Y, Wang Y, Quan M, Zhao H, Jia J. Gut Microbiota Changes and Their Correlation with Cognitive and Neuropsychiatric Symptoms in Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 81:583-595. [PMID: 33814442 DOI: 10.3233/jad-201497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gut microbiota can influence human brain function and behavior. Recent studies showed that gut microbiota might play an important role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). OBJECTIVE To investigate the composition of gut microbiota in AD patients and their association with cognitive function and neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS). METHODS The fecal samples from 60 AD patients (30 with NPS and 30 without NPS) and 32 healthy control subjects (HC) were collected and analyzed by 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing. The functional variations of gut microbiota were predicted using Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States. The correlation between different bacterial taxa and cognitive (Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR)), and NPS measures were analyzed. RESULTS The fecal microbial composition of AD patients was quite distinct from HC. Bifidobacterium, Sphingomonas, Lactobacillus, and Blautia were enriched, while Odoribacter, Anaerobacterium, and Papillibacter were reduced. AD patients with NPS showed decreased Chitinophagaceae, Taibaiella, and Anaerobacterium compared with those without NPS. Functional pathways were different between AD and HC, and between AD patients with and without NPS. Correlation analysis showed that Sphingomonas correlated negatively with MMSE; Anaerobacterium and Papillibacter correlated positively with MMSE and negatively with CDR. Cytophagia, Rhodospirillaceae, and Cellvibrio correlated positively with NPS, while Chitinophagaceae, Taibaiella, and Anaerobacterium correlated negatively with NPS. CONCLUSION AD patients have gut microbiota alterations related to cognition, and differential taxa between AD patients with and without NPS associated differently with NPS domains, which helps further understand the pathogenesis of AD and explore potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunzhe Zhou
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yan Wang
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Meina Quan
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Huiying Zhao
- Department of Geriatrics, Shijiazhuang First Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jianping Jia
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, P.R. China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Geriatric Cognitive Disorders, Beijing, P.R. China.,Clinical Center for Neurodegenerative Disease and Memory Impairment, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China.,Center of Alzheimer's Disease, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
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Badgeley A, Anwar H, Modi K, Murphy P, Lakshmikuttyamma A. Effect of probiotics and gut microbiota on anti-cancer drugs: Mechanistic perspectives. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2020; 1875:188494. [PMID: 33346129 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2020.188494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Bacteria present in probiotics, particularly the common Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium microbes, have been found to induce anti-cancer action by enhancing cancer cell apoptosis and protecting against oxidative stress. Probiotics supplements also decrease the cancer-producing microorganism Fusobacterium. Studies have demonstrated that gut microbiota modifies the effect of chemo/radiation therapy. Gut microbes not only enhance the action of chemotherapy drugs but also reduce the side effects of these medications. Additionally, gut microbes reduce immunotherapy toxicity, in particular, the presence of Bacteroidetes or Bifidobacterium decreases the development of colitis by ipilimumab therapy. Probiotics supplements containing Bifidobacterium also reduce chemotherapy-induced mucositis and radiation-induced diarrhea. This review focused on elucidating the mechanism behind the anti-cancer action of Bifidobacterium species. Available studies have revealed Bifidobacterium species decrease cancer cell proliferation via the inhibition of growth factor signaling as well as inducing mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis. Moreover, Bifidobacterium species reduce the adverse effects of chemo/immuno/radiation therapy by inhibiting proinflammatory cytokines. Further clinical studies are needed to identify the powerful and suitable Bifidobacterium strain for the development of adjuvant therapy to support chemo/immuno/radiation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aja Badgeley
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jefferson College of Pharmacy, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Hina Anwar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jefferson College of Pharmacy, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Karan Modi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jefferson College of Pharmacy, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Paige Murphy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jefferson College of Pharmacy, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Ashakumary Lakshmikuttyamma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jefferson College of Pharmacy, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
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White A. A Cumulative Review of the Range and Incidence of Significant Adverse Events Associated with Acupuncture. Acupunct Med 2018; 22:122-33. [PMID: 15551936 DOI: 10.1136/aim.22.3.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 236] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Objective To summarise the range and frequency of significant adverse events associated with acupuncture in order to provide evidence on which to base continuing efforts to improve the safety of acupuncture practice. Methods Searches were conducted of computerised databases, previous reviews of case reports, population surveys, prospective surveys of acupuncture practice and relevant sections of textbooks for primary and secondary reports to indicate the range of significant adverse events associated with acupuncture. Data from prospective surveys of acupuncture were combined to estimate the incidence of serious adverse events. Results A total of 715 adverse events was included. There were 90 primary reports of trauma, and 186 secondary reports; the most common were pneumothorax and injury to the central nervous system. Infection accounted for 204 primary reports and 91 secondary reports. Over 60% of these cases were hepatitis B. The next most common infection was of the external ear, as a complication of auricular acupuncture. The 144 miscellaneous events mainly comprised seizures and drowsiness judged severe enough to cause a traffic hazard. There were 12 primary reports of deaths. According to the evidence from 12 prospective studies which surveyed more than a million treatments, the risk of a serious adverse event with acupuncture is estimated to be 0.05 per 10 000 treatments, and 0.55 per 10 000 individual patients. Conclusions The risk of serious events occurring in association with acupuncture is very low, below that of many common medical treatments. The range of adverse events reported is wide and some events, specifically trauma and some episodes of infection, are likely to be avoidable.
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Guevara Nuñez D, De Paulis AN, Bertona E, Gutiérrez MÁ, Vay CA, Suárez JP, Predari SC. Bifidobacterium scardovii aislado de 2 muestras consecutivas de orina. Rev Argent Microbiol 2017; 49:328-331. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ram.2017.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Revised: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Wilson HL, Ong CW. Bifidobacterium longum vertebrodiscitis in a patient with cirrhosis and prostate cancer. Anaerobe 2017; 47:47-50. [PMID: 28408274 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2017.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Revised: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Bifidobacterium species are anaerobic, Gram-positive bacilli that colonize the human intestinal tract and oral cavity. They are an infrequent cause of invasive human infection. We report a case of Bifidobacterium longum lumbar vertebrodiscitis in a 71 year old man who was subsequently diagnosed with liver cirrhosis and prostate cancer. The clinical outcome was good following antibiotic treatment with penicillin and clindamycin. The laboratory identification of Bifidobacterium species and risk factors for invasive infection are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather L Wilson
- Canberra Hospital and Health Services, PO Box 11, Woden, ACT 2606, Australia.
| | - Chong Wei Ong
- Canberra Hospital and Health Services, PO Box 11, Woden, ACT 2606, Australia
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Bhaskar MM, Sistla S, Kumaravel S. A case of pyometrocolpos with Bifidobacterium species. Anaerobe 2017; 44:48-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2017.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Revised: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/14/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Awasthi S, Wilken R, Patel F, German JB, Mills DA, Lebrilla CB, Kim K, Freeman SL, Smilowitz JT, Armstrong AW, Maverakis E. Dietary supplementation with Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis (B. infantis) in healthy breastfed infants: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. Trials 2016; 17:340. [PMID: 27449926 PMCID: PMC4957407 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-016-1467-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The development of probiotics as therapies to cure or prevent disease lags far behind that of other investigational medications. Rigorously designed phase I clinical trials are nearly non-existent in the field of probiotic research, which is a contributing factor to this disparity. As a consequence, how to appropriately dose probiotics to study their efficacy is unknown. Herein we propose a novel phase I ascending dose trial of Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis (B. infantis) to identify the dose required to produce predominant gut colonisation in healthy breastfed infants at 6 weeks of age. Methods/design This is a parallel-group, placebo-controlled, randomised, double-blind ascending dose phase I clinical trial of dietary supplementation with B. infantis in healthy breastfed infants. The objective is to determine the pharmacologically effective dose (ED) of B. infantis required to produce predominant (>50 %) gut colonisation in breastfed infants at 6 weeks of age. Successively enrolled infant groups will be randomised to receive two doses of either B. infantis or placebo on days 7 and 14 of life. Stool samples will be used to characterise the gut microbiota at increasing doses of B. infantis. Discussion Probiotic supplementation has shown promising results for the treatment of a variety of ailments, but evidence-based dosing regimes are currently lacking. The ultimate goal of this trial is to establish a recommended starting dose of B. infantis for further efficacy-testing phase II trials designed to evaluate B. infantis for the prevention of atopic dermatitis and food allergies in at-risk children. Trial registration Clinicaltrials.gov #NCT02286999, date of trial registration 23 October 2014.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smita Awasthi
- Department of Dermatology, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Reason Wilken
- Department of Dermatology, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Forum Patel
- Department of Dermatology, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - J Bruce German
- Department of Food Science & Technology, University of California Davis , Davis, CA, USA
| | - David A Mills
- Department of Food Science & Technology, University of California Davis , Davis, CA, USA
| | - Carlito B Lebrilla
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Davis , Davis, CA, USA
| | - Kyoungmi Kim
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California Davis , Davis, CA, USA
| | - Samara L Freeman
- Foods for Health Institute, University of California Davis , Davis, CA, USA
| | | | - April W Armstrong
- Department of Dermatology, Keck School of Medicine at the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Emanual Maverakis
- Department of Dermatology, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, USA.
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9
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Bifidobacteria-Insight into clinical outcomes and mechanisms of its probiotic action. Microbiol Res 2016; 192:159-171. [PMID: 27664734 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2016.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Revised: 06/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The invasion of pathogens causes a disruption of the gut homeostasis. Innate immune responses and those triggered by endogenous microbiota form the first line of defence in our body. Pathogens often successfully overcome the resistances offered, calling for therapeutic intervention. Conventional strategy involving antibiotics might eradicate pathogens, but often leave the gut uncolonised and susceptible to recurrences. Probiotic supplements are useful alternatives. Bifidobacterium is one of widely studied probiotic genus, effective in restoring gut homeostasis. Mechanisms of probiotic action of bifidobacteria are several, often with strain-specificity. Analysis of streamlined literature reports reveal that although most studies report the probiotic aspect of bifidobacteria, sporadic documented contradictory results exist, challenging its therapeutic application and prompting studies to unambiguously establish the strain-associated probiotic activity and negate adverse effects prior to its clinical administration. Multi-strain/combinatorial therapy possibly relies on a combination of underlying operating mechanisms, each contributing towards enhanced probiotic efficacy, understanding which could help in developing customised formulations against targeted pathogens. Bifidogenic activity is also mediated by surface-associated structural components such as exopolysaccharides, lipoteichoic acids along with metabolites and bifidocins. This highlights scope for developing advanced structural therapeutic strategy which might be pivotal in replacing intact cell probiotics therapy.
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Avcin SL, Pokorn M, Kitanovski L, Premru MM, Jazbec J. Bifidobacterium breve Sepsis in Child with High-Risk Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Emerg Infect Dis 2016; 21:1674-5. [PMID: 26291071 PMCID: PMC4550169 DOI: 10.3201/eid2109.150097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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The Reporting Quality of Acupuncture-Related Infections in Korean Literature: A Systematic Review of Case Studies. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 2015:273409. [PMID: 26612992 PMCID: PMC4647026 DOI: 10.1155/2015/273409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Revised: 08/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Objective. Acupuncture is generally accepted as a safe intervention when it is administered in appropriate clinical setting by well-educated and experienced practitioners. In this study, we reviewed observational studies on adverse events (AEs) or complications relevant to acupuncture practice in Korean literature for assessing their reporting quality and suggested recommendations for future ones on acupuncture-related infections. Method. Electronic databases including Medline, Embase, Cochrane library, Korean studies Information Service System, DBpia, National Digital Science Library, and Korean National Assembly Library were searched until May 2015. Combination of keywords including "acupuncture" and "infection" were used for searching databases. Result. A total of 23 studies from 2,739 literature articles were identified from electronic database searching until May 2015. From this review, we found that most case studies did not report enough information for judging causality between acupuncture and the AEs (or complications) as well as appropriateness of the acupuncture practice. In addition, acupuncture experts rarely participated in the reporting of these AEs (or complications). Conclusion. Based on these limitations, we suggest a tentative recommendation for future case studies on acupuncture-related infection. We hope that this recommendation would contribute to the improvement of the reporting quality of acupuncture-related AEs (or complications) in the future.
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Weber E, Reynaud Q, Suy F, Gagneux-Brunon A, Carricajo A, Guillot A, Botelho-Nevers E. BifidobacteriumSpecies Bacteremia: Risk Factors in Adults and Infants: Table 1. Clin Infect Dis 2015; 61:482-4. [DOI: 10.1093/cid/civ347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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He C, Wang T, Gu Y, Tian Q, Zhou B, Wu C. Unusual case of pyogenic spondylodiscitis, vertebral osteomyelitis and bilateral psoas abscesses after acupuncture: diagnosis and treatment with interventional management. Acupunct Med 2015; 33:154-7. [PMID: 25795295 DOI: 10.1136/acupmed-2014-010717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We report, for the first time, a case of pyogenic spondylodiscitis combined with vertebral osteomyelitis and bilateral psoas abscesses after acupuncture. CASE HISTORY A 60-year-old man was diagnosed with rectal cancer, and radical rectectomy and permanent colostomy were carried out. However, 3 years after the surgery the patient complained of pain in the lower back, and the symptoms worsened after seven sessions of acupuncture. Technetium 99m-labelled methylene diphosphonate ((99m)Tc-MDP) bone scintigraphy (BS) revealed abnormal uptake of (99m)Tc-MDP in the L4 and L5 vertebrae. He was admitted to our hospital because of suspected bone metastases from rectal cancer. He was diagnosed with infection based on a history of acupuncture and the findings of enhanced MRI and CT. Percutaneous lumbar discectomy (PLD), external drainage and irrigation using antibiotics were carried out to treat the L4-5 disc. Pathological analyses and bacterial culture of the resected disc confirmed infection with group C streptococcus. Postoperative antibiotic treatment resulted in significant pain relief on the third day and gradual complete relief. Considerable improvement was seen on CT and MRI at follow-up. CONCLUSIONS We consider it highly likely that this patient's infection was caused by acupuncture. In patients with malignancy, abnormal uptake of (99m)Tc-MDP in BS may signify bone metastasis but can also be observed in bone infections. PLD can be used to resect diseased discs to relieve pain quickly and to prevent herniation of lumbar discs. After PLD, external drainage can be employed for abscess drainage, decompression and perfusion of antibiotics. PLD may serve as an alternative to open surgery for pyogenic spondylodiscitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengjian He
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yifeng Gu
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Qinghua Tian
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Bi Zhou
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Chungen Wu
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
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Pathak P, Trilligan C, Rapose A. Bifidobacterium--friend or foe? A case of urinary tract infection with Bifidobacterium species. BMJ Case Rep 2014; 2014:bcr-2014-205122. [PMID: 25253483 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2014-205122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Bifidobacterium-a commensal of the human intestine is considered non-pathogenic and has been advocated as a probiotic due to its potential beneficial effects. However, there have been case reports implicating bifidobacteria as pathogenic agents in a variety of different infectious conditions. We discuss here one such case of a complicated urinary tract infection associated with Bifidobacterium spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poonam Pathak
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Reliant Medical Group and Saint Vincent Hospital, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Cheryl Trilligan
- Department of Microbiology, Saint Vincent Hospital, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alwyn Rapose
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Reliant Medical Group and Saint Vincent Hospital, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
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Suwantarat N, Romagnoli M, Wakefield T, Carroll KC. Ventriculoperitoneal shunt infection caused by Bifidobacterium breve. Anaerobe 2014; 28:1-3. [PMID: 24755114 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2014.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Revised: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 04/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Bifidobacterium breve is a rare cause of human infections. Previously, bacteremia and meningitis caused by this organism linked to probiotic use have been reported in a neonate. We report the first case of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt infection caused by B. breve in an adult without a history of probiotic use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuntra Suwantarat
- Division of Medical Microbiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Mark Romagnoli
- Microbiology Laboratory, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Teresa Wakefield
- Microbiology Laboratory, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Karen C Carroll
- Division of Medical Microbiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Microbiology Laboratory, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Tena D, Losa C, Medina MJ, Sáez-Nieto JA. Peritonitis caused by Bifidobacterium longum: case report and literature review. Anaerobe 2014; 27:27-30. [PMID: 24657157 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2014.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Revised: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Bifidobacterium spp. rarely causes human infections. We report a case of a 42-year-old man with a history of pancolonic diverticulosis, who suffered a purulent peritonitis caused by Bifidobacterium longum secondary to intestinal perforation. Clinical outcome was good after urgent surgery and antibiotic treatment with imipenem and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid. Our case shows that Bifidobacterium spp. should be considered as a cause of peritonitis, especially in patients with risk of intestinal perforation. The review of the literature shows that these organisms can cause a wide spectrum of severe infections, especially in patients with underlying diseases. Infections caused by Bifidobacterium spp. may be overlooked or underreported since it may be considered normal microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Tena
- Sección de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario de Guadalajara, C/. Donante de sangre s/n, 19002 Guadalajara, Spain.
| | - Cristina Losa
- Sección de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario de Guadalajara, C/. Donante de sangre s/n, 19002 Guadalajara, Spain
| | - María José Medina
- Servicio de Bacteriología, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Carretera de Majadahonda-Pozuelo Km 2, 28220 Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Antonio Sáez-Nieto
- Servicio de Bacteriología, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Carretera de Majadahonda-Pozuelo Km 2, 28220 Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
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Hoyles L, Clear JA, McCartney AL. Use of denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis to detect Actinobacteria associated with the human faecal microbiota. Anaerobe 2013; 22:90-6. [PMID: 23764415 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2013.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2013] [Accepted: 06/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
With the exceptions of the bifidobacteria, propionibacteria and coriobacteria, the Actinobacteria associated with the human gastrointestinal tract have received little attention. This has been due to the seeming absence of these bacteria from most clone libraries. In addition, many of these bacteria have fastidious growth and atmospheric requirements. A recent cultivation-based study has shown that the Actinobacteria of the human gut may be more diverse than previously thought. The aim of this study was to develop a denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) approach for characterizing Actinobacteria present in faecal samples. Amount of DNA added to the Actinobacteria-specific PCR used to generate strong PCR products of equal intensity from faecal samples of five infants, nine adults and eight elderly adults was anti-correlated with counts of bacteria obtained using fluorescence in situ hybridization probe HGC69A. A nested PCR using Actinobacteria-specific and universal PCR-DGGE primers was used to generate profiles for the Actinobacteria. Cloning of sequences from the DGGE bands confirmed the specificity of the Actinobacteria-specific primers. In addition to members of the genus Bifidobacterium, species belonging to the genera Propionibacterium, Microbacterium, Brevibacterium, Actinomyces and Corynebacterium were found to be part of the faecal microbiota of healthy humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lesley Hoyles
- Microbial Ecology & Health Group, Food Microbial Sciences Unit, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights Campus, Reading RG6 6UR, UK
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McDowell JM, Johnson GM, Bradnam LV. Towards a neurophysiological mechanisms-based classification of adverse reactions to acupuncture. PHYSICAL THERAPY REVIEWS 2011. [DOI: 10.1179/1743288x11y.0000000008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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20
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Saarela M, Matto J, Mattila-Sandholm T. Safety Aspects of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium Species Originating from Human Oro-gastrointestinal Tract or from Probiotic Products. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY IN HEALTH AND DISEASE 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/08910600310002127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jaana Matto
- VTT Biotechnology 02044 VTT P.O. Box 1500 Espoo
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Vankerckhoven VV, Autgaerden TV, Huys G, Vancanneyt M, Swings J, Goossens H. Establishment of the PROSAFE collection of probiotic and human lactic acid bacteria. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY IN HEALTH AND DISEASE 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/08910600410032349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Tim Van Autgaerden
- From the Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, University of Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Geert Huys
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Ghent University, Belgium
| | | | - Jean Swings
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Ghent University, Belgium
- BCCM/LMG Bacteria Collection, Ghent University, Belgium
| | - Herman Goossens
- From the Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, University of Antwerp, Belgium
- LUMC, Laboratory of Microbiology, Leiden, The Netherlands
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22
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Kettaneh A, Ozan N, Stirnemann J, Fain O, Thomas M. Facial Erysipelas After Receiving Acupuncture Treatment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 35:911-2. [PMID: 14723383 DOI: 10.1080/00365540310015647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Yakabe T, Moore EL, Yokota S, Sui H, Nobuta Y, Fukao M, Palmer H, Yajima N. Safety assessment of Lactobacillus brevis KB290 as a probiotic strain. Food Chem Toxicol 2009; 47:2450-3. [PMID: 19583990 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2009.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2008] [Revised: 06/18/2009] [Accepted: 07/02/2009] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Lactobacillus brevis KB290 (KB290), a plant-derived probiotic lactic acid bacterium, reportedly improves gut health and stimulates immune function. Here we extensively investigated the geno-, acute, subacute, and subchronic toxicity of KB290 and its bacterial translocation potential. KB290 was non-mutagenic in the bacterial reverse mutation assay by the preincubation method. In the single oral dose toxicity test, KB290 at 10(9) cfu/ml was nontoxic at maximum capacity (20 ml/kg). When 10(8), 10(9), or 10(10) cfu/kg was administered daily to rats by gavage for 2 weeks (subacute assay), we observed no clear treatment-related effect and no evidence of bacterial translocation from the gastrointestinal tract. When it was administered for 13 weeks (subchronic assay), we again observed no clear treatment-related effect and no significant toxicological effect. Based on those results, we consider 10(10) cfu/kg per day, the highest dose tested, to be the no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL). These results suggest that KB290 is safe for human consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Yakabe
- Research Institute, Kagome Co, Ltd, Tochigi, Japan.
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24
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Sorokulova I. Preclinical testing in the development of probiotics: a regulatory perspective with Bacillus strains as an example. Clin Infect Dis 2008; 46 Suppl 2:S92-5; discussion S144-51. [PMID: 18181731 DOI: 10.1086/523334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Preclinical testing of the microbial strains is the first important step in the development of probiotics. Requirements for the set of tests can vary depending on the bacterial species and the expected mechanism of action in the organism. Common approaches to preclinical testing of probiotic strains include strain identification (i.e., determination of phenotypic and genotypic properties), safety evaluation (i.e., characterization of history of use [safety contact], assessment of resistance to antibiotics, and evaluation of pathogenic properties in vitro and in animal models), and efficacy testing (i.e., functional characterization). Future progress in probiotics requires more studies to determine the mechanisms of their action, as well as an understanding of the basis and mechanisms of pathogenicity for different probiotic strains. Special attention should be given to recombinant probiotics, particularly in the formulation of criteria for selection of the host strain, for assessment of environmental safety, and for tracing the fate of recombinant DNA in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iryna Sorokulova
- Institute of Microbiology and Virology, National Academy of Science, Kiev, Ukraine.
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25
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Hedley D, Ogilvie L, Springer C. Carboxypeptidase-G2-based gene-directed enzyme-prodrug therapy: a new weapon in the GDEPT armoury. Nat Rev Cancer 2007; 7:870-9. [PMID: 17943135 DOI: 10.1038/nrc2247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Gene-directed enzyme-prodrug therapy (GDEPT) aims to improve the therapeutic ratio (benefit versus toxic side-effects) of cancer chemotherapy. A gene encoding a 'suicide' enzyme is introduced into the tumour to convert a subsequently administered non-toxic prodrug into an active drug selectively in the tumour, but not in normal tissues. Significant effects can now be achieved in vitro and in targeted experimental models, and GDEPT therapies are entering the clinic. Our group has developed a GDEPT system that uses the bacterial enzyme carboxypeptidase G2 to convert nitrogen mustard prodrugs into potent DNA crosslinking agents, and a clinical trial of this system is pending.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas Hedley
- Institute of Cancer Research Haddow Laboratories, 15, Cotswold Road, Sutton, Surrey, UK
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26
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Affiliation(s)
- Cathy Hammerman
- Department of Neonatology, PO Box 3235, Shaare Zedek Medical Centre, Jerusalem, Israel 91031.
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27
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Woo PCY, Leung KW, Wong SSY, Chong KTK, Cheung EYL, Yuen KY. Relatively alcohol-resistant mycobacteria are emerging pathogens in patients receiving acupuncture treatment. J Clin Microbiol 2002; 40:1219-24. [PMID: 11923335 PMCID: PMC140401 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.40.4.1219-1224.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Acupuncture has been gaining popularity as a form of alternative medicine. In the past, only blood-borne viruses and anecdotal reports of bacterial infections have been associated with acupuncture. We report on four patients with mycobacterial infections complicating acupuncture who were encountered in a 2-year period. All had clinical and/or radiological lesions at acupuncture point- and meridian-specific locations. There was no other history of trauma or other clinical foci of infections, and the chest radiographs were normal. Histological studies of biopsy specimens of all four patients showed changes compatible with chronic inflammation, with granulomatous inflammation present in three patients and acid-fast bacilli present in two. Conventional biochemical tests and whole-cell fatty acid analysis for identification were inconclusive for all four nonpigmented mycobacteria recovered from tissue biopsies. 16S rRNA gene sequencing showed that the strains from two patients were Mycobacterium chelonae and that those from the other two were Mycobacterium nonchromogenicum. Alcohol resistance assay using the quantitative suspension test revealed that all four strains showed prolonged survival in 75% alcohol compared to other skin flora. Mycobacterial infections transmitted by acupuncture are an emerging problem. A high index of suspicion is essential to recognize this clinical syndrome, and strict implementation of proper infection control guidelines for acupuncture is mandatory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick C Y Woo
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong
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