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Ellis GC, Shaikh F, Carson ML, Sercy E, Stewart L, Andrews JM, Campbell WR, Mende K, Yabes JM, Tribble DR, Bialek R, Wickes BL, Ganesan A. A Seminested PCR Method for the Diagnosis of Invasive Fungal Infections in Combat Injured. Open Forum Infect Dis 2024; 11:ofae078. [PMID: 38887475 PMCID: PMC11181181 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofae078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Among combat injured, invasive fungal infections (IFIs) result in significant morbidity. Cultures and histopathology are the primary diagnostic methods for IFIs, but they have limitations. We previously evaluated a panfungal polymerase chain reaction assay, which was 83% sensitive and 99% specific for angioinvasive IFIs. Here, we evaluated 3 less resource-intensive seminested assays targeting clinically relevant fungi in the order Mucorales and genera Aspergillus and Fusarium. Methods Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue specimens from a multicenter trauma IFI cohort (2009-2014) were used. Cases were US military personnel injured in Afghanistan with histopathologic IFI evidence. Controls were patients with similar injury patterns and no laboratory IFI evidence (negative culture and histopathology). Seminested assays specific to Mucorales (V4/V5 regions of 18S rDNA), Aspergillus (mitochondrial tRNA), and Fusarium (internal transcribed spacer [ITS]/28A regions of DNA) were compared with a panfungal assay amplifying the internal transcribed spacer 2 region of rDNA and to histopathology. Results Specimens from 92 injury sites (62 subjects) were compared with control specimens from 117 injuries (101 subjects). We observed substantial agreement between the seminested and panfungal assays overall, especially for the order Mucorales. Moderate agreement was observed at the genus level for Aspergillus and Fusarium. When compared with histopathology, sensitivity and specificity of seminested assays were 67.4% and 96.6%, respectively (sensitivity increased to 91.7% when restricted to sites with angioinvasion). Conclusions Prior studies of seminested molecular diagnostics have focused on culture-negative samples from immunocompromised patients. Our findings underscore the utility of the seminested approach in diagnosing soft-tissue IFIs using formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue samples, especially with angioinvasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham C Ellis
- Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Faraz Shaikh
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - M Leigh Carson
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Erica Sercy
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Laveta Stewart
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Wesley R Campbell
- Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Katrin Mende
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Brooke Army Medical Center, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Joseph M Yabes
- Brooke Army Medical Center, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - David R Tribble
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Ralf Bialek
- LADR GmbH MVZ Dr, Kramer & Kollegen, Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Brian L Wickes
- The Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Anuradha Ganesan
- Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Lamoth F, Kontoyiannis DP. PCR diagnostic platforms for non- Aspergillus mold infections: ready for routine implementation in the clinic? Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2024; 24:273-282. [PMID: 38501431 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2024.2326474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION While Aspergillus spp. remain the predominant cause of invasive mold infections, non-Aspergillus molds, such as the Mucorales or Fusarium spp., account for an increasing proportion of cases. The diagnosis of non-Aspergillus invasive mold infections (NAIMI) is challenging because of the low sensitivity and delay of conventional microbiological tests. Therefore, there is a particular interest to develop molecular tools for their early detection in blood or other clinical samples. AREAS COVERED This extensive review of the literature discusses the performance of Mucorales-specific PCR and other genus-specific or broad-range fungal PCR that can be used for the diagnosis of NAIMI in diverse clinical samples, with a focus on novel technologies. EXPERT OPINION PCR currently represents the most promising approach, combining good sensitivity/specificity and ability to detect NAIMI in clinical samples before diagnosis by conventional cultures and histopathology. Several PCR assays have been designed for the detection of Mucorales in particular, but also Fusarium spp. or Scedosporium/Lomentospora spp. Some commercial Mucorales PCRs are now available. While efforts are still needed for standardized protocols and the development of more rapid and simpler techniques, PCR is on the way to becoming an essential test for the early diagnosis of mucormycosis and possibly other NAIMIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederic Lamoth
- Infectious Diseases Service, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Institute of Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Dimitrios P Kontoyiannis
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Infection Control and Employee Health, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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Velásquez-Zapata V, Palacio-Rúa K, Cano LE, Gaviria-Rivera A. Assessment of genotyping markers in the molecular characterization of a population of clinical isolates of Fusarium in Colombia. BIOMEDICA : REVISTA DEL INSTITUTO NACIONAL DE SALUD 2022; 42:18-30. [PMID: 35471167 PMCID: PMC9059811 DOI: 10.7705/biomedica.5869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Fusarium is a very heterogeneous group of fungi, difficult to classify, with a wide range of living styles, acting as saprophytes, parasites of plants, or pathogens for humans and animals. Prevalence of clinical fusariosis and lack of effective treatments have increased the interest in the precise diagnosis, which implies a molecular characterization of Fusarium populations. OBJECTIVE We compared different genotyping markers in their assessment of the genetic variability and molecular identification of clinical isolates of Fusarium. MATERIALS AND METHODS We evaluated the performance of the fingerprinting produced by two random primers: M13, which amplifies a minisatellite sequence, and (GACA)4, which corresponds to a simple repetitive DNA sequence. Using the Hunter Gaston Discriminatory Index (HGDI), an analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA), and a Mantel test, the resolution of these markers was compared to the reference sequencing-based and PCR genotyping methods. RESULTS The highest HGDI value was associated with the M13 marker followed by (GACA)4. AMOVA and the Mantel tests supported a strong correlation between the M13 classification and the reference method given by the partial sequencing of the transcription elongation factor 1-alpha (TEF1-α) and rDNA 28S. CONCLUSION The strong correlation between the M13 classification and the sequencingbased reference together with its higher resolution demonstrates its adequacy for the characterization of Fusarium populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Velásquez-Zapata
- Program in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA; Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA.
| | - Katherine Palacio-Rúa
- Laboratorio Integrado de Medicina Especializada, Facultad de Medicina, IPS Universitaria, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia.
| | - Luz E Cano
- Grupo de Micología Médica y Experimental, Corporación para Investigaciones Biológicas, Medellín, Colombia; Escuela de Microbiología, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia.
| | - Adelaida Gaviria-Rivera
- Escuela de Biociencias, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Medellín, Colombia.
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Kim JY, Kang CI, Lee JH, Lee WJ, Huh K, Cho SY, Chung DR, Peck KR. Clinical Features and Outcomes of Invasive Fusariosis: A Case Series in a Single Center with Literature Review. Infect Chemother 2021:53.e4. [PMID: 34227751 DOI: 10.3947/ic.2018.0717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Fusarium species, which are commonly found in soil, water, and organic substrates, can cause serious infections especially in immunocompromised patients. Fusarium infection is notoriously difficult to treat, because of their inherently high minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) to most antifungal agents. There have been limited data on invasive fusariosis in Korea. We identified 57 patients with culture-proven fusariosis at Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea, from September 2003 through January 2017. Invasive fusariosis was defined as any case with at least one positive blood culture or with concurrent involvement of 2 or more non-contiguous sites. Superficial infections such as keratitis and onychomycosis were excluded. We reported 14 cases of invasive fusariosis categorized according to the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer/Mycoses Study Group criteria, of which 6 cases were fusarium fungemia. Hematologic malignancies (7/14, 50%), solid organ transplantation (2/14, 14.2%), or immunosuppressive therapy (2/14, 14.2%), were the predominant underlying conditions. The overall mortality rate was 37%, however, that of disseminated fusariosis was up to 83%. Antifungal treatment with voriconazole or liposomal amphotericin B was commonly administered. In this report, we described the clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes of invasive fusariosis in Korea. Given the high mortality in disseminated cases, invasive fusariosis is becoming a therapeutic challenge to clinicians treating immunocompromised patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Yeon Kim
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Seongnam Citizens Medical Center, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Cheol In Kang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Ji Hye Lee
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Sarang Hospital, Incheon, Korea
| | - Woo Joo Lee
- Division of infectious Disease, Hallym Hospital, Incheon, Korea
| | - Kyungmin Huh
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sun Young Cho
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Doo Ryeon Chung
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyong Ran Peck
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Pietsch C, Tschudi F, Baumann S, Schmidt-Posthaus H. Preliminary investigation of an idiopathic muscle disease in farmed burbot Lota lota. DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS 2020; 140:179-186. [PMID: 32815526 DOI: 10.3354/dao03494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The rearing of less established fish species in recirculating aquaculture systems (RASs) is increasing, but may require adaptations of the rearing facilities if health impairments occur. We observed several health issues in burbot Lota lota reared for up to 2 yr in a RAS and used microbiological, histological and molecular-biological methods to identify the causative agents. Minor skin trauma led to the development of ulcers. In addition, several fillets of burbot showed pronounced granulomatous inflammation and calcification with signs of muscle fiber degeneration which resembled a condition called 'sandy flesh disease' in North American walleye. Several infectious agents were able to be excluded as a cause for the disease. Carnobacterium maltaromaticum was isolated in high numbers in some of the affected muscle tissue. However, the role of this bacterium or other causative agents or husbandry conditions remains to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constanze Pietsch
- Institute of Natural Resource Sciences (IUNR), Zurich University of Applied Sciences (ZHAW), Grüental, PO Box, 8820 Wädenswil, Switzerland
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Zaniol E, Daprà V, Filomena R, Alliaudi C, Calvi C, Montanari P, Galliano I, Bergallo M. Real time qPCR TaqMan method for detection of Fusarium solani. MINERVA BIOTECNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.23736/s1120-4826.20.02621-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Chandorkar A, Simkins J. Emerging Fungal Cutaneous Infections in Immunocompromised Patients. CURRENT FUNGAL INFECTION REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12281-020-00395-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Ganesan A, Wells J, Shaikh F, Peterson P, Bradley W, Carson ML, Petfield JL, Klassen-Fischer M, Akers KS, Downing K, Bialek R, Tribble DR, Wickes BL. Molecular Detection of Filamentous Fungi in Formalin-Fixed Paraffin-Embedded Specimens in Invasive Fungal Wound Infections Is Feasible with High Specificity. J Clin Microbiol 2019; 58:e01259-19. [PMID: 31619528 PMCID: PMC6935896 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.01259-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Trauma-related invasive fungal wound infections (IFIs) are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Early identification and treatment are critical. Traditional identification methods (e.g., fungal cultures and histopathology) can be delayed and insensitive. We assessed a PCR-based sequencing assay for rapid identification of filamentous fungi in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) specimens obtained from combat casualties injured in Afghanistan. Blinded FFPE specimens from cases (specimens positive on histopathology) and controls (specimens negative on histopathology) were submitted for evaluation with a panfungal PCR. The internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) region of the fungal ribosomal repeat was amplified and sequenced. The PCR results were compared with findings from histopathology and/or culture. If injury sites contributed multiple specimens, findings for the site were collapsed to the site level. We included 64 case subjects (contributing 95 sites) and 102 controls (contributing 118 sites). Compared to histopathology, panfungal PCR was specific (99%), but not as sensitive (63%); however, sensitivity improved to 83% in specimens from sites with angioinvasion. Panfungal PCR identified fungi of the order Mucorales in 33 of 44 sites with angioinvasion (75%), whereas fungal culture was positive in 20 of 44 sites (45%). Saksenaea spp. were the dominant fungi identified by PCR in specimens from angioinvasion sites (57%). Panfungal PCR is specific, albeit with lower sensitivity, and performs better at identifying fungi of the order Mucorales than culture. DNA sequencing offers significant promise for the rapid identification of fungal infection in trauma-related injuries, leading to more timely and accurate diagnoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuradha Ganesan
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics Department, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Justin Wells
- Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Faraz Shaikh
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics Department, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Philip Peterson
- Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - William Bradley
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics Department, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Brooke Army Medical Center, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, Texas, USA
| | - M Leigh Carson
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics Department, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | | | - Kevin S Akers
- U.S. Army Institute of Surgical Research, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Kevin Downing
- Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany
| | - Ralf Bialek
- LADR GmbH Medizinisches Versorgungszentrum Dr. Kramer und Kollegen, Geesthacht, Germany
| | - David R Tribble
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics Department, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Brian L Wickes
- University of Texas Health Sciences Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
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Detection of Fusarium Species in Clinical Specimens by Probe-Based Real-Time PCR. J Fungi (Basel) 2019; 5:jof5040105. [PMID: 31726656 PMCID: PMC6958410 DOI: 10.3390/jof5040105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The mold Fusarium is a ubiquitous fungus causing plant, animal and human infections. In humans, Fusarium spp. are the major cause of eye infections in patients wearing contact lenses or after local trauma. Systemic infections by Fusarium spp. mainly occur in immunosuppressed patients and can disseminate throughout the human body. Due to high levels of resistance to antifungals a fast identification of the causative agent is an urgent need. By using a probe-based real-time PCR assay specific for the genus Fusarium we analysed several different clinical specimens detecting Fusarium spp. commonly found in clinical samples in Germany. Also, a large collection of lung fluid samples of haematological patients was analysed (n = 243). In these, two samples (0.8%) were reproducibly positive, but only one could be confirmed by sequencing. For this case of probable invasive fungal disease (IFD) culture was positive for Fusarium species. Here we describe a rapid, probe-based real-time PCR assay to specifically detect DNA from a broad range of Fusarium species and its application to clinically relevant specimens.
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Gaviria-Rivera A, Giraldo-López A, Santa-Cardona C, Cano-Restrepo L. Molecular identification of clinical isolates of Fusarium in Colombia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 20:94-102. [PMID: 30183891 DOI: 10.15446/rsap.v20n1.51923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Identifying Fusarium isolates from mycosis symptomatic patients through molecular techniques as PCR and sequencing. METHODS In this study, samples were taken from 101 mycosis symptomatic patients in-between 2004-2006. To determine isolates belonging to the Fusarium genus, the DNAr 28S region was amplified through PCR and specific PCR primers further confirmed their identity to the species level. Additionally, in order to confirm the identity of the species of the isolates, 75 isolates of these were analyzed by partial sequencing of the 28S rDNA and the TEF1-α gene. RESULTS The 28S rDNA portion detected all 101 isolates as belonging to Fusarium and the PCR specific primers detected 52 and 29 isolates as F. oxysporum and F. solani, respectively; 34 and 41 of these, afterwards studied by partial sequencing of the 28S rDNA and TEF1- α genes respectively, were effectively identified by the technique. CONCLUSION From all the molecular markers used to identify Fusarium isolates, the sequence of the TEF1-α gene provided the best resolution in the identification of species level; however it is possible to discriminate between F. oxysporum and F. solani isolates by PCR, in most of the cases, what is important considering the simplicity of the technique and a faster diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adelaida Gaviria-Rivera
- AG: Ing. Agrónoma. Ph. D. Biological Sciences. Escuela de Biociencias. Facultad de Ciencias. Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Medellín, Colombia.
| | - Alejandra Giraldo-López
- AG: Bacterióloga. M. Sc. Biotecnología. Ph. D. Ciencias Médicas Básicas. Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute. Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | | | - Luz Cano-Restrepo
- LC: Téc. Laboratorio Clínico. Lic. Bacteriología y Laboratorio Clínico. Ph. D. Ciencias. Escuela de Bacteriología y Laboratorio Clínico, Universidad de Antioquia. Medellín. Grupo de Micología Médica y Experimental, CIB-UDEA-UPB. Corporación para Investigaciones Biológicas. Escuela de Microbiología, UdeA. Escuela de la Salud, UPB. Medellín, Colombia. ;
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11
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Abstract
Fusarium is an emerging human opportunistic pathogen of growing importance, especially among immunosuppressed haematology patients due to an increased incidence of disseminated infections over the past two decades. This trend is expected only to continue due to the advances in medical and surgical technologies that will prolong the lives of the severely ill, making these patients susceptible to rare opportunistic infections. Production of mycotoxins, enzymes such as proteases, angio-invasive property and an intrinsically resistant nature, makes this genus very difficult to treat. Fusarium is frequently isolated from the cornea and less commonly from nail, skin, blood, tissue, Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis (CAPD) fluid, urine and pleural fluid. Conventional microscopy establishes the genus, but accurate speciation requires multilocus sequence typing with housekeeping genes such as internal transcribed spacer, translation elongation factor-1α and RPB1 and 2 (largest and second largest subunits of RNA polymerase), for which expansive internet databases exist. Identifying pathogenic species is of epidemiological significance, and the treatment includes immune reconstitution by granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor, granulocyte macrophage-colony-stimulating factor and a combination of the most active species - specific antifungals, typically liposomal amphotericin-B and voriconazole. However, patient outcome is difficult to predict even with in vitro susceptibility with these drugs. Therefore, prevention methods and antifungal prophylaxis have to be taken seriously for these vulnerable patients by vigilant healthcare workers. The current available literature on PubMed and Google Scholar using search terms 'Fusarium', 'opportunistic invasive fungi' and 'invasive fusariosis' was summarised for this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ananya Tupaki-Sreepurna
- Department of Microbiology, Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research Institute, Sri Ramachandra University, Porur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Anupma Jyoti Kindo
- Department of Microbiology, Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research Institute, Sri Ramachandra University, Porur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Abstract
PCR-based detection of fungal pathogens offers a sensitive and specific tool for the diagnosis of invasive fungal infections. A large variety of different clinical specimen types can be used as original material. However, certain precautions, in addition to the published MIQE guidelines [1], need to be taken to prevent contaminations from airborne fungal spores and PCR reagents. In addition, the European Aspergillus PCR Initiative (EAPCRI) recently defined standards for Aspergillus PCR [2, 3], following these recommendations leads to superior sensitivity. The combination of fungal PCR with the galactomannan ELISA assay increases the sensitivity for the detection of Aspergillus DNA from blood, compared to a single assay only [4, 5].
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Springer
- Medizinische Klinik II, Universitätklinikum Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 2, Würzburg, 97080, Germany
| | - Jürgen Löffler
- Medizinische Klinik II, Universitätklinikum Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 2, Würzburg, 97080, Germany.
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Abstract
Multiplex PCR is a powerful method to detect, identify, and quantify the mycotoxigenic fungus by targeting the amplification of genes associated with mycotoxin production and detection, identification, and quantification of Fusarium species. As compared with uniplex PCR, it has several advantages such as low cost, shortened time, and simultaneous amplification of more than two genes (in only one reaction tube). Here, we describe multiplex PCR-based detection and identification of trichothecene-, zearalenone-, fumonisin-, and enniatin-producing Fusarium species, the use of multiplex PCR in multiplex genotype assay and the use of multiplex TaqMan real-time qPCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapani Yli-Mattila
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, FI-20520, Turku, Finland.
| | | | - Mudili Venkataramana
- Microbiology Division, DRDO-BU-Centre for Life sciences, Bharathiar University Campus, Coimbatore, 641046, TamilNadu, India
| | - Emre Yörük
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Istanbul Yeni Yuzyil University, 34010, Istanbul, Turkey
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Pirarat N, Sahatrakul K, Lacharoje S, Lombardini E, Chansue N, Techangamsuwan S. Molecular and pathological characterization of Fusarium solani species complex infection in the head and lateral line system of Sphyrna lewini. DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS 2016; 120:195-204. [PMID: 27503915 DOI: 10.3354/dao03028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A severe fungal infection affecting the head and lateral line system was diagnosed in 7 captive scalloped hammerhead sharks Sphyrna lewini in an aquarium in Thailand. Extensive and severe necrotizing cellulitis was consistently observed microscopically along the cephalic and lateral line canals in conjunction with positive fungal cultures for Fusarium sp. Molecular phylogenetic analysis was performed from 3 isolates based on the nucleotide sequences containing internally transcribed spacer (ITS) and a portion of 5.8S and 28S rDNA. The fungus was highly homologous (100%) and closely related to F. solani species complex 2 (FSSC 2), which belongs to Clade 3 of the FSSC. Our results illustrate the histopathological findings and expand upon our knowledge of the prevalence of invasive fusariosis in the head and lateral line system of hammerhead sharks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nopadon Pirarat
- STAR Wildlife, Exotic and Aquatic Pathology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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Graça MG, van der Heijden IM, Perdigão L, Taira C, Costa SF, Levin AS. Evaluation of two methods for direct detection of Fusarium spp. in water. J Microbiol Methods 2016; 123:39-43. [PMID: 26844885 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2016.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Revised: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Fusarium is a waterborne fungus that causes severe infections especially in patients with prolonged neutropenia. Traditionally, the detection of Fusarium in water is done by culturing which is difficult and time consuming. A faster method is necessary to prevent exposure of susceptible patients to contaminated water. The objective of this study was to develop a molecular technique for direct detection of Fusarium in water. A direct DNA extraction method from water was developed and coupled to a genus-specific PCR, to detect 3 species of Fusarium (verticillioides, oxysporum and solani). The detection limits were 10 cells/L and 1 cell/L for the molecular and culture methods, respectively. To our knowledge, this is the first method developed to detect Fusarium directly from water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana G Graça
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Brazil; LIM 54, Institute of Tropical Medicine of the University of São Paulo, Brazil.
| | | | - Lauro Perdigão
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Brazil; LIM 54, Institute of Tropical Medicine of the University of São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Cleison Taira
- Laboratory of Pathogenic Dimorphic Fungi - Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Brazil; Laboratory of Medical Investigation 53, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Silvia F Costa
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Brazil; LIM 54, Institute of Tropical Medicine of the University of São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Anna S Levin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Brazil; LIM 54, Institute of Tropical Medicine of the University of São Paulo, Brazil.
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Rodrigues AM, de Hoog GS, de Camargo ZP. Molecular Diagnosis of Pathogenic Sporothrix Species. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2015; 9:e0004190. [PMID: 26623643 PMCID: PMC4666615 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0004190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Sporotrichosis is a chronic (sub)cutaneous infection caused by thermodimorphic fungi in the order, Ophiostomatales. These fungi are characterized by major differences in routes of transmission, host predilections, species virulence, and susceptibilities to antifungals. Sporothrix species emerge in the form of outbreaks. Large zoonoses and sapronoses are ongoing in Brazil and China, respectively. Current diagnostic methods based on morphology and physiology are inaccurate due to closely related phenotypes with overlapping components between pathogenic and non-pathogenic Sporothrix. There is a critical need for new diagnostic tools that are specific, sensitive, and cost-effective. Methodology We developed a panel of novel markers, based on calmodulin (CAL) gene sequences, for the large-scale diagnosis and epidemiology of clinically relevant members of the Sporothrix genus, and its relative, Ophiostoma. We identified specific PCR-based markers for S. brasiliensis, S. schenckii, S. globosa, S. mexicana, S. pallida, and O. stenoceras. We employed a murine model of disseminated sporotrichosis to optimize a PCR assay for detecting Sporothrix in clinical specimens. Results Primer-BLAST searches revealed candidate sequences that were conserved within a single species. Species-specific primers showed no significant homology with human, mouse, or microorganisms outside the Sporothrix genus. The detection limit was 10–100 fg of DNA in a single round of PCR for identifying S. brasiliensis, S. schenckii, S. globosa, S. mexicana, and S. pallida. A simple, direct PCR assay, with conidia as a source of DNA, was effective for rapid, low-cost genotyping. Samples from a murine model of disseminated sporotrichosis confirmed the feasibility of detecting S. brasiliensis and S. schenckii DNA in spleen, liver, lungs, heart, brain, kidney, tail, and feces of infected animals. Conclusions This PCR-based method could successfully detect and identify a single species in samples from cultures and from clinical specimens. The method proved to be simple, high throughput, sensitive, and accurate for diagnosing sporotrichosis. Sporotrichosis, a disease caused by infections from Sporothrix species, primarily affects warm-blooded animals, particularly humans and cats. Sporotrichosis is emerging as a global threat, with high incidences in Brazil and China. The gold standard for diagnosing sporotrichosis is microscopic characterization of the pathogen isolated in culture. This methodology is tedious and time-consuming. Moreover, closely related Sporothrix species are often misidentified, due to similar phenotypic characteristics. The introduction of dissimilar species with specific geographic distributions, host predilections, virulence, and antifungal susceptibilities, has made species-level identification of Sporothrix mandatory. To facilitate meeting this requirement, we developed a PCR-based method for detecting and identifying Sporothrix species. We designed species-specific primers for identifying S. brasiliensis, S. schenckii, S. globosa, S. mexicana, S. pallida, and Ophiostoma stenoceras. With this method, we could detect as little as 1 pg and 10 fg (depending on the species) of Sporothrix DNA derived from isolated cultures. Furthermore, we successfully detected S. brasiliensis and S. schenckii DNA in tissue samples derived from a murine model of disseminated sporotrichosis. These species-specific primers can be applied in epidemiology, clinical diagnosis, and experimental studies of sporotrichosis. Improvements in early diagnosis and surveillance systems may facilitate rapid identification and control of future outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anderson Messias Rodrigues
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Disciplina de Biologia Celular, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail: (AMR); (ZPC)
| | | | - Zoilo Pires de Camargo
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Disciplina de Biologia Celular, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail: (AMR); (ZPC)
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17
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de Almeida Júnior JN, Ibrahim KY, Del Negro GMB, Bezerra ED, Duarte Neto AN, Batista MV, Siciliano RF, Giudice MC, Motta AL, Rossi F, Pierrotti LC, Freire MP, Bellesso M, Pereira J, Abdala E, Benard G. Rhizopus arrhizus and Fusarium solani Concomitant Infection in an Immunocompromised Host. Mycopathologia 2015; 181:125-9. [PMID: 26346377 DOI: 10.1007/s11046-015-9936-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Neutropenic patients are at risk of the development of hyalohyphomycosis and mucormycosis. Correct identification is essential for the initiation of the specific treatment, but concomitant mold infections are rarely reported. We report one unprecedented case of concomitant mucormycosis and fusariosis in a neutropenic patient with acute myeloid leukemia. The patient developed rhino-orbital infection by Rhizopus arrhizus and disseminated infection by Fusarium solani. The first culture from a sinus biopsy grew Rhizopus, which was consistent with the histopathology report of mucormycosis. A second sinus biopsy collected later during the patient's clinical deterioration was reported as hyalohyphomycosis, and the culture yielded F. solani. Due to the discordant reports, the second biopsy was reviewed and two hyphae types suggestive of both hyalohyphomycetes and mucormycetes were found. The dual mold infection was confirmed by PCR assays from paraffinized tissue sections. Increased awareness of the existence of dual mold infections in at-risk patients is necessary. PCR methods in tissue sections may increase the diagnosis of dual mold infections. In case of sequential biopsies showing discrepant results, mixed infections have to be suspected.
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Affiliation(s)
- João N de Almeida Júnior
- Laboratory of Medical Mycology (LIM-53), Division of Dermatology Clinic, Hospital das Clínicas da FMUSP and Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. .,Central Laboratory Division (LIM-03), Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 255 - Cerqueira César, São Paulo, 05403-000, Brazil.
| | - Karim Y Ibrahim
- Infection Control Division, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gilda M B Del Negro
- Laboratory of Medical Mycology (LIM-53), Division of Dermatology Clinic, Hospital das Clínicas da FMUSP and Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Evandro D Bezerra
- Hemathology Department, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Amaro N Duarte Neto
- Pathology Department, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marjorie V Batista
- Infectious Diseases Division, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rinaldo F Siciliano
- Cardiology Institute, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mauro C Giudice
- Laboratory of Medical Mycology (LIM-53), Division of Dermatology Clinic, Hospital das Clínicas da FMUSP and Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adriana L Motta
- Central Laboratory Division (LIM-03), Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 255 - Cerqueira César, São Paulo, 05403-000, Brazil
| | - Flávia Rossi
- Central Laboratory Division (LIM-03), Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 255 - Cerqueira César, São Paulo, 05403-000, Brazil
| | - Ligia C Pierrotti
- Infection Control Division, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maristela P Freire
- Infection Control Division, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Bellesso
- Hemathology Department, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliana Pereira
- Hemathology Department, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Edson Abdala
- Infection Control Division, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Infectious Diseases Division, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gil Benard
- Laboratory of Medical Mycology (LIM-53), Division of Dermatology Clinic, Hospital das Clínicas da FMUSP and Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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18
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Tortorano AM, Richardson M, Roilides E, van Diepeningen A, Caira M, Munoz P, Johnson E, Meletiadis J, Pana ZD, Lackner M, Verweij P, Freiberger T, Cornely OA, Arikan-Akdagli S, Dannaoui E, Groll AH, Lagrou K, Chakrabarti A, Lanternier F, Pagano L, Skiada A, Akova M, Arendrup MC, Boekhout T, Chowdhary A, Cuenca-Estrella M, Guinea J, Guarro J, de Hoog S, Hope W, Kathuria S, Lortholary O, Meis JF, Ullmann AJ, Petrikkos G, Lass-Flörl C. ESCMID and ECMM joint guidelines on diagnosis and management of hyalohyphomycosis: Fusarium spp., Scedosporium spp. and others. Clin Microbiol Infect 2014; 20 Suppl 3:27-46. [PMID: 24548001 DOI: 10.1111/1469-0691.12465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 319] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2013] [Revised: 11/18/2013] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Mycoses summarized in the hyalohyphomycosis group are heterogeneous, defined by the presence of hyaline (non-dematiaceous) hyphae. The number of organisms implicated in hyalohyphomycosis is increasing and the most clinically important species belong to the genera Fusarium, Scedosporium, Acremonium, Scopulariopsis, Purpureocillium and Paecilomyces. Severely immunocompromised patients are particularly vulnerable to infection, and clinical manifestations range from colonization to chronic localized lesions to acute invasive and/or disseminated diseases. Diagnosis usually requires isolation and identification of the infecting pathogen. A poor prognosis is associated with fusariosis and early therapy of localized disease is important to prevent progression to a more aggressive or disseminated infection. Therapy should include voriconazole and surgical debridement where possible or posaconazole as salvage treatment. Voriconazole represents the first-line treatment of infections due to members of the genus Scedosporium. For Acremonium spp., Scopulariopsis spp., Purpureocillium spp. and Paecilomyces spp. the optimal antifungal treatment has not been established. Management usually consists of surgery and antifungal treatment, depending on the clinical presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Tortorano
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
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Abstract
Hyalo hypho mycosis due to Fusarium species mainly occurs in immunocompromised hosts. The clinical presentation varies from localized to disseminated involvement. A case of localized cutaneous fusariosis caused by Fusarium solani in a renal transplant patient is described and the skin manifestations of the disease are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- N K Mohanty
- Senior Consultant Nephrologist, Department of Nephrology, Apollo Hospitals, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - S Sahu
- Senior Consultant Microbiologist, Apollo Hospitals, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
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Muhammed M, Anagnostou T, Desalermos A, Kourkoumpetis TK, Carneiro HA, Glavis-Bloom J, Coleman JJ, Mylonakis E. Fusarium infection: report of 26 cases and review of 97 cases from the literature. Medicine (Baltimore) 2013; 92:305-316. [PMID: 24145697 PMCID: PMC4553992 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000000008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Fusarium species is a ubiquitous fungus that causes opportunistic infections. We present 26 cases of invasive fusariosis categorized according to the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer/Mycoses Study Group (EORTC/MSG) criteria of fungal infections. All cases (20 proven and 6 probable) were treated from January 2000 until January 2010. We also review 97 cases reported since 2000. The most important risk factors for invasive fusariosis in our patients were compromised immune system, specifically lung transplantation (n = 6) and hematologic malignancies (n = 5), and burns (n = 7 patients with skin fusariosis), while the most commonly infected site was the skin in 11 of 26 patients. The mortality rates among our patients with disseminated, skin, and pulmonary fusariosis were 50%, 40%, and 37.5%, respectively. Fusarium solani was the most frequent species, isolated from 49% of literature cases. Blood cultures were positive in 82% of both current study and literature patients with disseminated fusariosis, while the remaining 16% had 2 noncontiguous sites of infection but negative blood cultures. Surgical removal of focal lesions was effective in both current study and literature cases. Skin lesions in immunocompromised patients should raise the suspicion for skin or disseminated fusariosis. The combination of medical monotherapy with voriconazole or amphotericin B and surgery in such cases is highly suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maged Muhammed
- From the Division of Infectious Diseases (MM, TA, AD, TKK, HAC, JG-B, JJC, EM), Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; and Division of Infectious Diseases (TA, JJC, EM), Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island
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21
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Rare Invasive Fungal Infections: Epidemiology, Diagnosis and Management. CURRENT FUNGAL INFECTION REPORTS 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s12281-013-0155-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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22
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Sugawara Y, Nakase K, Nakamura A, Ohishi K, Sugimoto Y, Fujieda A, Monma F, Suzuki K, Masuya M, Matsushima Y, Wada H, Nobori T, Katayama N. Clinical utility of a panfungal polymerase chain reaction assay for invasive fungal diseases in patients with haematologic disorders. Eur J Haematol 2013; 90:331-9. [PMID: 23360173 DOI: 10.1111/ejh.12078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Invasive fungal diseases (IFDs) are life-threatening events in patients with haematologic disorders, and the spectrum of the aetiological pathogens continues to expand. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical utility of a panfungal polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay for the management of IFDs in such patients. METHODS We prospectively analysed 273 consecutive blood samples from 64 risk episodes in 51 patients with haematologic disorders at high risk for IFD who were treated at our hospital between April 2007 and October 2010. RESULTS PCR-positive results were obtained in 18 of 64 risk episodes (35.3%). IFD was documented in 14 episodes (21.9%, 9 probable IFDs and 5 possible IFDs) according to the revised criteria of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer/Mycoses Study Group. PCR was positive in all of these 14 episodes, and in 4 of the 50 episodes with no IFD category. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of our assay were 100%, 92%, 78% and 100% respectively. A considerable number of fungi (44.4%) that are less common than Aspergillus and Candida species were positive by PCR. Molecular diagnoses of Cunninghamella species, Aspergillus ustus, Fusarium species, Scedosporium apiospermum, Rhodotorula species and Rhizopus species were beneficial in selecting suitable treatments. CONCLUSIONS Our panfungal PCR approach allows for the highly sensitive and specific detection and identification of a wide spectrum of fungal pathogens, which provides indispensable information for managing IFDs, especially refractory or breakthrough IFDs during antifungal therapy in high-risk patients with haematologic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumiko Sugawara
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Mie University Hospital, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, Japan
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23
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Fanci R, Pini G, Bartolesi AM, Pecile P. Refractory disseminated fusariosis by Fusarium verticillioides in a patient with acute myeloid leukaemia relapsed after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: A case report and literature review. Rev Iberoam Micol 2013; 30:51-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.riam.2012.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2012] [Revised: 04/26/2012] [Accepted: 05/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Perils of the Palm Tree. INFECTIOUS DISEASES IN CLINICAL PRACTICE 2013. [DOI: 10.1097/ipc.0b013e31826baabf] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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25
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Bernal-Martínez L, Buitrago MJ, Castelli MV, Rodríguez-Tudela JL, Cuenca-Estrella M. Detection of invasive infection caused byFusarium solaniand non-Fusarium solanispecies using a duplex quantitative PCR-based assay in a murine model of fusariosis. Med Mycol 2012; 50:270-5. [DOI: 10.3109/13693786.2011.604047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Pai R, Boloor R, Shreevidya K, Shenoy D. Fusarium solani: An Emerging Fungus in Chronic Diabetic Ulcer. J Lab Physicians 2011; 2:37-9. [PMID: 21814405 PMCID: PMC3147084 DOI: 10.4103/0974-2727.66710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Fusarium species, a mold which causes disease mainly in plants has emerged as pathogen in immunocompromised patients. Fusarium is known to cause keratitis, onychomycosis, and endophthalmitis. Fusarium solani, is the most common isolate from clinical specimen. Here is a case, a 65-year-old male with type II diabetes mellitus since 10 years presented with a large ulcer on the left leg since 8 months following trauma. The fungal culture of the escar of the ulcer isolated a mold, Fusarium solani. The patient's leg was amputated and was treated with amphotericin B. The patient was discharged on healing of the stump. This case gives emphasis on fungal culture in chronic diabetic ulcer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramakrishna Pai
- Department of Microbiology, Father Muller Medical College, Kankanady, Mangalore - 575 002, India
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27
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Song HH, Lee HS, Lee C. A new cytotoxic cyclic pentadepsipeptide, neo-N-methylsansalvamide produced by Fusarium solani KCCM90040, isolated from potato. Food Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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28
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Fusarium falciforme vertebral abscess and osteomyelitis: case report and molecular classification. J Clin Microbiol 2011; 49:2350-3. [PMID: 21450957 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.02547-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Fusarium is a ubiquitous mold that can cause superficial infections such as keratitis and onychomycosis in immunocompetent humans; however, infections in immunocompromised hosts can be fatal. We report an unusual case of epidural abscess and vertebral osteomyelitis in a patient with an autoimmune disorder who was on long-term glucocorticoids. Multilocus DNA sequence-based typing revealed that the infection was caused by a novel three-locus haplotype of Fusarium falciforme designated FSSC 3+4qqq.
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29
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Kapp M, Schargus M, Deuchert T, Springer J, Wendel F, Loeffler J, Grigoleit GU, Kurzai O, Heinz W, Einsele H, Stuhler G. Endophthalmitis as primary clinical manifestation of fatal fusariosis in an allogeneic stem cell recipient. Transpl Infect Dis 2011; 13:374-9. [PMID: 21324055 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3062.2011.00608.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The occurrence of infections due to previously rare opportunistic pathogens is increasing despite the use of novel treatment strategies for immunocompromised patients. Here, we report the case of a patient presenting with fever, muscle pain, and bilateral endophthalmitis after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Fusarium solani was isolated from peripheral blood samples and identified as the cause of gradual bilateral vision loss, despite appropriate antifungal prophylaxis, and therapy including vitrectomy and intraocular instillation of antifungal agents. The patient became comatose; basal meningitis involving both optic nerves was suspected based on magnetic resonance tomography. The patient died 8 days later due to septic multi-organ failure. Autopsy revealed that both kidneys, but no other organs, were infiltrated by Fusarium. No fungus was found in cerebral tissues or cerebrospinal fluid. Our case demonstrates some of the typical clinical features of systemic fusariosis and its potentially fatal outcome. The clinical observations reported here may help clinicians caring for immunocompromised patients to accelerate diagnosis and initiate treatment early at the onset of this fatal complication, and highlight the urgent need for interdisciplinary management of invasive fusariosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kapp
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Institute for Hygiene and Microbiology, Julius-Maximilians University, Wuerzburg, Germany
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Carneiro HA, Coleman JJ, Restrepo A, Mylonakis E. Fusarium infection in lung transplant patients: report of 6 cases and review of the literature. Medicine (Baltimore) 2011; 90:69-80. [PMID: 21200188 PMCID: PMC3750960 DOI: 10.1097/md.0b013e318207612d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Fusarium is a fungal pathogen of immunosuppressed lung transplant patients associated with a high mortality in those with severe and persistent neutropenia. The principle portal of entry for Fusarium species is the airways, and lung involvement almost always occurs among lung transplant patients with disseminated infection. In these patients, the immunoprotective mechanisms of the transplanted lungs are impaired, and they are, therefore, more vulnerable to Fusarium infection. As a result, fusariosis occurs in up to 32% of lung transplant patients. We studied fusariosis in 6 patients following lung transplantation who were treated at Massachusetts General Hospital during an 8-year period and reviewed 3 published cases in the literature. Cases were identified by the microbiology laboratory and through discharge summaries. Patients presented with dyspnea, fever, nonproductive cough, hemoptysis, and headache. Blood tests showed elevated white blood cell counts with granulocytosis and elevated inflammatory markers. Cultures of Fusarium were isolated from bronchoalveolar lavage, blood, and sputum specimens.Treatments included amphotericin B, liposomal amphotericin B, caspofungin, voriconazole, and posaconazole, either alone or in combination. Lung involvement occurred in all patients with disseminated disease and it was associated with a poor outcome. The mortality rate in this group of patients was high (67%), and of those who survived, 1 patient was treated with a combination of amphotericin B and voriconazole, 1 patient with amphotericin B, and 1 patient with posaconazole. Recommended empirical treatment includes voriconazole, amphotericin B or liposomal amphotericin B first-line, and posaconazole for refractory disease. High-dose amphotericin B is recommended for treatment of most cases of fusariosis. The echinocandins (for example, caspofungin, micafungin, anidulafungin) are generally avoided because Fusarium species have intrinsic resistance to them. Treatment should ideally be based on the Fusarium isolate, susceptibility testing, and host-specific factors. Prognosis of fusariosis in the immunocompromised is directly related to a patient's immune status. Prevention of Fusarium infection is recommended with aerosolized amphotericin B deoxycholate, which also has activity against other important fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herman A Carneiro
- From Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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31
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Identification of Fusarium species in formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded sections by in situ hybridization using peptide nucleic acid probes. J Clin Microbiol 2010; 49:808-13. [PMID: 21106796 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.01149-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Fusarium has recently emerged as an opportunistic pathogen of humans, but the histological differentiation of Fusarium from Aspergillus and Scedosporium is particularly difficult because these fungi may induce similar clinical features and exhibit filamentous development in host tissues. Thus, there is a need to establish rapid and reliable methods that are applicable to pathological diagnoses. The aim of this study was to evaluate and establish in situ hybridization (ISH) using peptide nucleic acid (PNA) probes targeting the 28S rRNA to identify Fusarium species in tissue sections. This technique was validated using both formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded pulmonary tissues from mice infected with seven different species of fungi and cell blocks from fungal cultures of 30 strains. As a result, strong positive signals were observed within fungal organisms present in tissues of the lung from mice infected with Fusarium solani. Furthermore, this probe reacted strongly with both F. solani and Fusarium oxysporum in sections from cell blocks. Although some cross-reactivity occurred with the Pseudallescheria boydii in sections from cell blocks, the signal intensity was low and most hyphae were not reactive. In conclusion, it was confirmed that ISH with PNA probes is accurate and is a valuable tool for identifying Fusarium spp. among organisms that have identical morphological features in formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded sections.
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Successful Treatment of Invasive Fusarium verticillioides Infection With Posaconazole in a Man With Acute Myelogenous Leukemia. INFECTIOUS DISEASES IN CLINICAL PRACTICE 2010. [DOI: 10.1097/ipc.0b013e3181b21a01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Ahmad S, Khan ZU, Theyyathel AM. Development of a nested PCR assay for the detection of Fusarium solani DNA and its evaluation in the diagnosis of invasive fusariosis using an experimental mouse model. Mycoses 2010; 53:40-7. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0507.2008.01657.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Lau A, Chen S, Sleiman S, Sorrell T. Current status and future perspectives on molecular and serological methods in diagnostic mycology. Future Microbiol 2009; 4:1185-222. [DOI: 10.2217/fmb.09.70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Invasive fungal infections are an important cause of infectious morbidity. Nonculture-based methods are increasingly used for rapid, accurate diagnosis to improve patient outcomes. New and existing DNA amplification platforms have high sensitivity and specificity for direct detection and identification of fungi in clinical specimens. Since laboratories are increasingly reliant on DNA sequencing for fungal identification, measures to improve sequence interpretation should support validation of reference isolates and quality control in public gene repositories. Novel technologies (e.g., isothermal and PNA FISH methods), platforms enabling high-throughput analyses (e.g., DNA microarrays and Luminex® xMAP™) and/or commercial PCR assays warrant further evaluation for routine diagnostic use. Notwithstanding the advantages of molecular tests, serological assays remain clinically useful for patient management. The serum Aspergillus galactomannan test has been incorporated into diagnostic algorithms of invasive aspergillosis. Both the galactomannan and the serum β-D-glucan test have value for diagnosing infection and monitoring therapeutic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Lau
- Centre for Infectious Diseases & Microbiology, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Sharon Chen
- Centre for Infectious Diseases & Microbiology, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia and Centre for Infectious Diseases & Microbiology Laboratory Services, Institute of Clinical Pathology & Medical Research, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Sue Sleiman
- Centre for Infectious Diseases & Microbiology Laboratory Services, Institute of Clinical Pathology & Medical Research, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Tania Sorrell
- Centre for Infectious Diseases & Microbiology, Westmead Hospital, Darcy and Hawkesbury Roads, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
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Shinozaki M, Okubo Y, Nakayama H, Mitsuda A, Ide T, Yamagata Murayama S, Shibuya K. Application of in situ hybridization to tissue sections for identification of molds causing invasive fungal infection. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 50:75-83. [PMID: 19430181 DOI: 10.3314/jjmm.50.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The present article describes our studies to know the usefulness of in situ hybridization (ISH) to identify various kinds of mold observed in tissue sections and / or cytological preparations from the lesions of patients with invasive fungal infection. To establish the precise procedure for ISH in formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded sections, various pretreatments were attempted. The condition finally chosen is written here providing a favorable outcome regarding to both intensity and specificity of signals on outline of molds observed in the tissue sections when specimens were treated with both heat and proteinase K and, solutions were adjusted to higher pH value.Therefore, usefulness of promising probes, two each DNA and peptide nucleic acid (PNA) were verified with a favorable pretreatment condition, using lungs of mice experimentally infected and / or those obtained from autopsies with invasive mold infection. As the result, DNA probes targeting alkaline proteinase (ALP) gene and retrotransposon Afut-1 gene of Aspergillus fumigatus showed specific signal intensity for the Aspergillus species and A. fumigatus, respectively. PNA probes for Candida albicans and the Fusarium species also showed satisfactory specificity. We wish to emphasize that ISH can be a valuable tool to identify medically important molds in formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissue sections or cytological preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minoru Shinozaki
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Toho University School of Medicine, 6-11-1 Omori-Nishi, Ota-Ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Domin N, Wilson D, Brock M. Methylcitrate cycle activation during adaptation of Fusarium solani and Fusarium verticillioides to propionyl-CoA-generating carbon sources. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2009; 155:3903-3912. [PMID: 19661181 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.031781-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Propionyl-CoA is an inhibitor of both primary and secondary metabolism in Aspergillus species and a functional methylcitrate cycle is essential for the efficient removal of this potentially toxic metabolite. Although the genomes of most sequenced fungal species appear to contain genes coding for enzymes of the methylcitrate cycle, experimental confirmation of pathway activity in filamentous fungi has only been provided for Aspergillus nidulans and Aspergillus fumigatus. In this study we demonstrate that pathogenic Fusarium species also possess a functional methylcitrate cycle. Fusarium solani appears highly adapted to saprophytic growth as it utilized propionate with high efficiency, whereas Fusarium verticillioides grew poorly on this carbon source. In order to elucidate the mechanisms of propionyl-CoA detoxification, we first identified the genes coding for methylcitrate synthase from both species. Despite sharing 96 % amino acid sequence identity, analysis of the two purified enzymes demonstrated that their biochemical properties differed in several respects. Both methylcitrate synthases exhibited low K(m) values for propionyl-CoA, but that of F. verticillioides displayed significantly higher citrate synthase activity and greater thermal stability. Activity determinations from cell-free extracts of F. solani revealed a strong methylcitrate synthase activity during growth on propionate and to a lesser extent on Casamino acids, whereas activity by F. verticillioides was highest on Casamino acids. Further phenotypic analysis confirmed that these biochemical differences were reflected in the different growth behaviour of the two species on propionyl-CoA-generating carbon sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Domin
- Microbial Biochemistry and Physiology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knoell Institute, Beutenbergstr. 11a, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Duncan Wilson
- Microbial Pathogenicity Mechanisms, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knoell Institute, Beutenbergstr. 11a, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Matthias Brock
- Microbial Biochemistry and Physiology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knoell Institute, Beutenbergstr. 11a, 07745 Jena, Germany
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Vujanovic V, Vidovic S, Fernandez MR, Daida P, Korber D. Whole-cell protein and ITS rDNA profiles as diagnostic tools to discriminate Fusarium avenaceum intraspecific variability and associated virulence. Can J Microbiol 2009; 55:117-25. [DOI: 10.1139/w08-103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A total of 91 isolates of Fusarium avenaceum were regrouped into 15 phenotypes and 10 vegetative compatibility groups showing specific one-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (1-D SDS–PAGE) protein profiles and less-specific internal transcribed spacer rDNA profiles. Each isolate possessed reproducible signature protein bands. Indeed, the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic averages clustering revealed that the protein profile of each group of isolates correlated with fungus virulence. The use of SDS–PAGE offers a simple and sensitive technique for routine differentiation between pathogenic and nonpathogenic isolates within unknown F. avenaceum populations. The discovery has significant implications for risk assessment of cereal yield to ensure food and feed safety. This low-cost approach has the potential to be optimized and extended to a broad spectrum of Fusarium head blight pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. Vujanovic
- Department of Food and Bioproduct Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada
- Semiarid Prairie Agricultural Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, P.O. Box 1030, Swift Current, Saskatoon, SK S9H 3X2, Canada
| | - S. Vidovic
- Department of Food and Bioproduct Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada
- Semiarid Prairie Agricultural Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, P.O. Box 1030, Swift Current, Saskatoon, SK S9H 3X2, Canada
| | - M. R. Fernandez
- Department of Food and Bioproduct Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada
- Semiarid Prairie Agricultural Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, P.O. Box 1030, Swift Current, Saskatoon, SK S9H 3X2, Canada
| | - P. Daida
- Department of Food and Bioproduct Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada
- Semiarid Prairie Agricultural Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, P.O. Box 1030, Swift Current, Saskatoon, SK S9H 3X2, Canada
| | - D. Korber
- Department of Food and Bioproduct Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada
- Semiarid Prairie Agricultural Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, P.O. Box 1030, Swift Current, Saskatoon, SK S9H 3X2, Canada
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Song HH, Lee HS, Jeong JH, Park HS, Lee C. Diversity in Beauvericin and Enniatins H, I, and MK1688 by Fusarium oxysporum isolated from potato. Int J Food Microbiol 2008; 122:296-301. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2008.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2006] [Revised: 01/12/2008] [Accepted: 01/15/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Khan ZU, Ahmad S, Theyyathel AM. Diagnostic value of DNA and (1→3)-β-d-glucan detection in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage of mice experimentally infected with Fusarium oxysporum. J Med Microbiol 2008; 57:36-42. [DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.47301-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Z. U. Khan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, PO Box 24923, Safat 13110, Kuwait
| | - S. Ahmad
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, PO Box 24923, Safat 13110, Kuwait
| | - A. M. Theyyathel
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, PO Box 24923, Safat 13110, Kuwait
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Niessen L. PCR-based diagnosis and quantification of mycotoxin-producing fungi. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2008; 54:81-138. [PMID: 18291305 DOI: 10.1016/s1043-4526(07)00003-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites produced by filamentous fungi which have toxicologically relevant effects on vertebrates if administered in small doses via a natural route. In order to improve food safety and to protect consumers from harmful contaminants, the presence of fungi with the potential to produce such compounds must be checked at critical control points during the production of agricultural commodities as well as during the process of food and feed preparation. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based diagnosis has been applied as an alternative assay replacing cumbersome and time-consuming microbiological and chemical methods for the detection and identification of the most serious toxin producers in the fungal genera Fusarium, Aspergillus, and Penicillium. The current chapter covers the numerous PCR-based assays which have been published since the first description of the use of this technology to detect Aspergillus flavus biosynthesis genes in 1996.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludwig Niessen
- Technische Universität München, Lehrstuhl für Technische Mikrobiologie, Weihenstephaner Steig 16, D-85350 Freising, Germany
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Abstract
Fusarium species cause a broad spectrum of infections in humans, including superficial, locally invasive, and disseminated infections. The clinical form of fusariosis depends largely on the immune status of the host and the portal of entry, with superficial and localized disease occurring mostly in immunocompetent patients and invasive and disseminated disease affecting immunocompromised patients. Risk factors for severe fusariosis include prolonged neutropenia and T-cell immunodeficiency, especially in hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients with severe graft-versus-host disease. The most frequent presentation of disseminated fusariosis is a combination of characteristic cutaneous lesions and positive blood cultures, with or without lung or sinus involvement. The prognosis is poor and is determined largely by degree of immunosuppression and extent of infection, with virtually a 100% death rate among persistently neutropenic patients with disseminated disease. These infections may be clinically suspected on the basis of a constellation of clinical and laboratory findings, which should lead to prompt therapy. Treatment options include the lipid formulations of amphotericin B, voriconazole, and posaconazole. Prevention of fusarial infection among high-risk patients should be considered.
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Gupta S, Almyroudis NG, Battiwalla M, Bambach BJ, McCarthy PL, Proefrock AD, Ball D, Paplham P, Varma A, Kwon-Chung J, Segal BH. Successful treatment of disseminated fusariosis with posaconazole during neutropenia and subsequent allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Transpl Infect Dis 2007; 9:156-60. [PMID: 17462004 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3062.2006.00189.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We report the case of a 16-year-old girl with acute myelogenous leukemia with disseminated fusariosis, who responded to salvage posaconazole therapy. She subsequently received additional cytotoxic chemotherapy and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation with posaconazole continued as secondary prophylaxis. Despite intensive immunosuppressive therapy for graft-versus-host disease, no recrudescence of infection occurred.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Gupta
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Biochemical Sciences, SUNY at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
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Kulik T, Pszczółkowska A, Fordoński G, Olszewski J. PCR approach based on the esyn1 gene for the detection of potential enniatin-producing Fusarium species. Int J Food Microbiol 2007; 116:319-24. [PMID: 17391792 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2007.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2006] [Revised: 01/27/2007] [Accepted: 02/11/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a disease of small-grain cereals and corn caused by a complex of fungal species of the genus Fusarium. The disease reduces the yield and quality of seeds and results in the accumulation of various mycotoxins which cause a variety of toxic effects on humans and livestock. Beauvericin (BEA) and enniatins (ENs) are a group of toxins with antimicrobial, insecticidal and phytotoxic activities produced mainly by F. avenaceum, F. poae and F. tricinctum. In this study, primer sets were designed that were targeted to esyn1 gene homologs encoding multifunctional enzyme enniatin synthetase. Primers used in multiplex PCR amplified products from the FHB species reported to produce (ENs) and/or BEA. The use of the marker developed on asymptomatic wheat seed samples originating from Northern and Southern Poland demonstrated that all samples were positive for the presence of potential enniatin-producing Fusarium species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Kulik
- Department of Diagnostics and Plant Pathophysiology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Plac Lodzki 5, Olsztyn 10-957, Poland.
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Garbino J, Uckay I, Rohner P, Lew D, Van Delden C. Fusarium peritonitis concomitant to kidney transplantation successfully managed with voriconazole: case report and review of the literature. Transpl Int 2005; 18:613-8. [PMID: 15819812 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-2277.2005.00102.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Fusarium infections in solid organ transplant recipients are often localized, occur later in the post-transplantation period, and have a better outcome than fusarial infections in patients with hematologic malignancies or bone marrow transplants. We report the first case of proven peritonitis caused by Fusarium species in a renal transplant recipient which is also the first successfully managed with voriconazole. We also review previously reported cases of fusarial infection in solid organ transplant recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Garbino
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Geneva Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.
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Yergeau E, Filion M, Vujanovic V, St-Arnaud M. A PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis approach to assess Fusarium diversity in asparagus. J Microbiol Methods 2005; 60:143-54. [PMID: 15590089 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2004.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2004] [Revised: 09/09/2004] [Accepted: 09/09/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
In North America, asparagus (Asparagus officinalis) production suffers from a crown and root rot disease mainly caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. asparagi and F. proliferatum. Many other Fusarium species are also found in asparagus fields, whereas accurate detection and identification of these organisms, especially when processing numerous samples, is usually difficult and time consuming. In this study, a PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) method was developed to assess Fusarium species diversity in asparagus plant samples. Fusarium-specific PCR primers targeting a partial region of the translation elongation factor-1 alpha (EF-1 alpha) gene were designed, and their specificity was tested against genomic DNA extracted from a large collection of closely and distantly related organisms isolated from multiple environments. Amplicons of 450 bp were obtained from all Fusarium isolates, while no PCR product was obtained from non-Fusarium organisms. The ability of DGGE to discriminate between Fusarium taxa was tested over 19 different Fusarium species represented by 39 isolates, including most species previously reported from asparagus fields worldwide. The technique was effective to visually discriminate between the majority of Fusarium species and/or isolates tested in pure culture, while a further sequencing step permitted to distinguish between the few species showing similar migration patterns. Total genomic DNA was extracted from field-grown asparagus plants naturally infested with different Fusarium species, submitted to PCR amplification, DGGE analysis and sequencing. The two to four bands observed for each plant sample were all affiliated with F. oxysporum, F. proliferatum or F. solani, clearly supporting the reliability, sensitivity and specificity of this approach for the study of Fusarium diversity from asparagus plants samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Yergeau
- Institut de recherche en biologie végétale, Université de Montréal and Jardin botanique de Montréal, 4101 East, Sherbrooke Street, Montréal, QC, Canada H1X 2B2
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Kulik T, Fordoński G, Pszczółkowska A, Płodzień K, Łapiński M. Development of PCR assay based on ITS2 rDNA polymorphism for the detection and differentiation of Fusarium sporotrichioides. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2004; 239:181-6. [PMID: 15451117 DOI: 10.1016/j.femsle.2004.08.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2004] [Revised: 07/31/2004] [Accepted: 08/25/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A polymerase chain reaction assay was developed for detection of Fusarium sporotrichioides, a plant pathogen in many parts of the world. Based on small nucleotide differences in ITS2 (Internal Transcribed Spacer) rDNA of our local isolate of F. sporotrichioides (Accession No. AY510069) and other isolates found in NCBI/GeneBank database, species specific primer FspITS2K was selected. Primer pair FspITS2K and P28SL amplified a fragment of 288 bp containing a portion of ITS2 and 28S rDNA of all the F. sporotrichioides isolates tested, originated from different hosts and regions of the world but did not amplify any other species of Fusarium and plant's DNA. To use the PCR assay in seed health testing, a protocol was setup for the rapid and effective preparations of fungal DNA from wheat seeds. The method developed may be useful for the rapid detection and identification of F. sporotrichioides both from culture and from plant tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Kulik
- Department of Diagnostics and Plant Pathophysiology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Plac Łódzki 5, Olsztyn 10-957, Poland.
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Molecular diagnosis, epidemiology and taxonomy of emerging medically important filamentous fungi. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1097/00013542-200410000-00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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50
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Hatsch D, Phalip V, Jeltsch JM. Use of genes encoding cellobiohydrolase-C and topoisomerase II as targets for phylogenetic analysis and identification of Fusarium. Res Microbiol 2004; 155:290-6. [PMID: 15142627 DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2004.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2003] [Accepted: 01/08/2004] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Molecular identification and phylogenetic studies rely to a large extent on rDNA sequence polymorphism. In the field of fungal taxonomy, despite the use of huge amounts of rDNA data available, some species within a given genus remain indistinguishable. Therefore, new target sequences need to be selected and validated. This is the case for Fusarium, which includes numerous species most of which are involved in both animal and plant pathologies. In addition to the rDNA fragment encompassing the internal transcribed spacers ITS1 and ITS2 and the 5.8 S sequence, two newly characterized genes were used as molecular markers for Fusarium species genotyping. The cellobiohydrolase-C (cbh-C) and the topoisomerase II (topII) gene parts were cloned and sequenced for at least one isolate of each of the eleven different species of our collection. Both cbh-C and topII were found to be single copy genes. DNA fragments amplified by PCR in order to establish phylogenetic trees range from 1123 to 1157 bp for rDNA and from 327 to 344 bp for cbh-C (this part contains one intron). The topII gene part encoding the carboxy-terminus of the ATP binding domain of the enzyme is constant in length with a value of 724 bp. PAUP-generated phylogenetic analyses based either on cbh-C or topII data enabled all species to be distinguished, and were more informative than those resulting from rDNA sequences. Furthermore, a combination of the three datasets enhanced the accuracy of the analyses and open up new possibilities for rapid molecular identification and evolution studies within the Fusarium genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Didier Hatsch
- U.M.R. 7100, IFR85, Université Louis Pasteur-CNRS, Ecole Supérieure de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg, Boulevard Sébastien Brant, BP 10413, 67412 Illkirch-Graffenstaden Cedex, France
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