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Guitart-Matas J, Espunyes J, Illera L, Gonzalez-Escalona N, Ribas MP, Marco I, Migura-Garcia L. High-risk lineages of extended spectrum cephalosporinase producing Escherichia coli from Eurasian griffon vultures (Gyps fulvus) foraging in landfills in north-eastern Spain. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 909:168625. [PMID: 37977396 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Extended-spectrum cephalosporinase producing (ESC) E. coli are regarded as key indicator microorganisms of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), calling for a One Health integrated global surveillance strategy. Wildlife is exposed to antibiotic contaminants and/or resistant bacteria that have been released into the environment, potentially acting as reservoirs and spreaders of resistance genes as well as sentinels of anthropogenic pressure. Monitoring AMR in wildlife has become crucial in determining anthropogenic environmental impacts as well as transmission routes. In this study, we determined the occurrence and potential sources of ESC E. coli in 218 Eurasian griffon vultures (Gyps fulvus) foraging regularly on human waste disposed at a dumpsite in north-eastern Spain. Minimal inhibitory concentration for 14 different antimicrobials was performed to evaluate the phenotype of the isolates, and whole genome sequencing was carried out to investigate lineages and plasmids harbouring ESC genes. Our sequences were compared to previously published Spanish sequences of human, animal, and wildlife origin. We report a high prevalence of CTX-M-15, as well as the presence of other resistance genes such as OXA-10, CTX-M-27, and CTX-M-65 which are rarely described in European livestock, suggesting a human origin. The isolates also carried a diverse range of additional AMR genes for a broad spectrum of drug families, with the majority being multi-drug resistant. The phylogenomic analyses suggests the transmission of high-risk lineages from humans to vultures, with 49 % of our isolates matching the most common extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC) lineages described in humans worldwide, including ST131, ST10 and ST58. We conclude that anthropogenically altered habitats, such as landfills, are hotspots for the acquisition and spread of high-risk ESC E. coli lineages associated with hospital infections. Measures must be implemented to limit their spread into natural environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Guitart-Matas
- Joint Research Unit IRTA-UAB in Animal Health, Animal Health Research Centre (CReSA), Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB), Catalonia, Spain; Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology (IRTA), Animal Health Program (CReSA), WOAH Collaborating Centre for the Research and Control of Emerging and Re-Emerging Swine Diseases in Europe, Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB), Catalonia, Spain
| | - Johan Espunyes
- Wildlife Conservation Medicine Research Group (WildCoM), Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Catalonia, Spain
| | - Lucia Illera
- Wildlife Conservation Medicine Research Group (WildCoM), Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Catalonia, Spain
| | | | - Maria Puig Ribas
- Wildlife Conservation Medicine Research Group (WildCoM), Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Catalonia, Spain
| | - Ignasi Marco
- Wildlife Conservation Medicine Research Group (WildCoM), Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Catalonia, Spain
| | - Lourdes Migura-Garcia
- Joint Research Unit IRTA-UAB in Animal Health, Animal Health Research Centre (CReSA), Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB), Catalonia, Spain; Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology (IRTA), Animal Health Program (CReSA), WOAH Collaborating Centre for the Research and Control of Emerging and Re-Emerging Swine Diseases in Europe, Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB), Catalonia, Spain.
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Torres-Blas I, Migura-García L, Cerdà-Cuéllar M, Carbajal A, Lopez-Bejar M, Mateo R, Herrero-Villar M, Llopis A, Marco I. HEALTH ASSESSMENT OF CAPTIVE BEARDED VULTURES ( GYPAETUS BARBATUS) IN CATALONIA (SPAIN). J Zoo Wildl Med 2023; 54:464-472. [PMID: 37817612 DOI: 10.1638/2022-0057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Bearded vulture (Gypaetus barbatus) populations are declining worldwide primarily due to anthropogenic factors. A captive breeding program has been established in Spain, a country with one of the largest free-living populations in Europe, to further enhance the conservation efforts of this emblematic species. However, captive vulture populations can be exposed to different risks through food, such as drug residues and antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) bacteria. Health surveillance of species involved in captive breeding programs is important to face introduction of healthy animals in situ and to obtain baseline clinical data. The objective of this study was to assess the general health status of bearded vultures held in captivity in Catalonia (northeastern Spain) by carrying out hematologic, biochemical, toxicologic, and bacteriologic analyses. A total of 16 bearded vultures were sampled; the data obtained from one vulture, with a chronic tibiotarsal fracture, were excluded from the statistical analysis. Hematologic and biochemical parameters of the bearded vultures were mostly within the range of standard values as stated in previous studies. Basal feather and serum corticosterone levels were analyzed and described for the first time in this species. A total of 15 Escherichia coli isolates were obtained that were resistant to fluoroquinolones (80%), tetracycline (60%), trimethoprim and ampicillin (40%), sulfamethoxazole (33%), and colistin (20%), with 40% of them being multidrug resistant. Three of 15 isolates were carriers of the mcr-1 gene. Only the injured bird previously treated with enrofloxacin was positive for fluoroquinolone residues. Periodic monitoring for the presence of AMR bacteria would be recommended in captive breeding programs as a preventive action to establish future therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Torres-Blas
- Wildlife Conservation Medicine Research Group, Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Travessera dels Turons s/n, 08193 Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Lourdes Migura-García
- Unitat mixta d'Investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
- IRTA, Programa de Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Marta Cerdà-Cuéllar
- Unitat mixta d'Investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
- IRTA, Programa de Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Anaïs Carbajal
- Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manuel Lopez-Bejar
- Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
| | - Rafael Mateo
- Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (IREC), CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Marta Herrero-Villar
- Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (IREC), CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Alex Llopis
- VCF Vultures Captive Breeding Manager, Bearded Vulture EEP Coordinator, Centre de Fauna Vallcalent 63, 25199 Lleida, Spain
| | - Ignasi Marco
- Wildlife Conservation Medicine Research Group, Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Travessera dels Turons s/n, 08193 Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain,
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Pomwised R, Naknaen A, Surachat K, Issuriya A, Prochantasene S, Wiriyaprom R, Ngasaman R. Antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli from goat farms and the potential treatment by Acalypha indica L. extract. Small Rumin Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2022.106889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Pellegrini MC, Okada E, González Pasayo RA, Ponce AG. Prevalence of Escherichia coli strains in horticultural farms from Argentina: antibiotic resistance, biofilm formation, and phylogenetic affiliation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:23225-23236. [PMID: 34802078 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-17523-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Escherichia coli is the bacteria most commonly used as an indicator of fecal contamination in agricultural environments. Moreover, E. coli is categorized as a priority pathogen due to its widespread antibiotic resistance. This study aimed to characterize E. coli strains isolated from 10 horticultural farms. Isolates were obtained from samples of vegetable crops (n = 62), the surrounding soil (n = 62), poultry litter (n = 8), and groundwater (n = 6). Phyllo-grouping assignment was performed on the total of E. coli isolates. Antibiograms and quantification of the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) were performed with antibiotics commonly used in humans. Biofilm formation capacity was studied by quantifying cells attached to culture tubes. Overall, 21 E. coli isolates were obtained. Three phylogenetic groups (A, B1, and C) and two Escherichia clade IV and IV-V were identified in the collection by polymerase chain reaction. Sixty-seven percent of the E. coli isolates were resistant to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid and/or ampicillin. Amoxicillin MIC values ranged from 11.9 to >190.5 µg/mL and ampicillin MIC values ranged from 3 to >190.5 µg/mL. All the E. coli isolates, resistant and non-resistant, had biofilm forming capacity. The presence of phenotypic resistance on fresh produce and environmental matrices could present significant opportunities for contamination that result in health risks for consumers. To the authors' best knowledge, this is the first environmental assessment of resistant E. coli occurrence in horticultural farms in South America.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Celeste Pellegrini
- Grupo de Investigación en Ingeniería en Alimentos (GIIA), Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de alimentos y ambiente (INCITAA, CIC-UNMDP), Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Av. Juan B. Justo 4302, B7602AYL Mar del, Plata, Argentina.
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, CABA, Argentina.
| | - Elena Okada
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA) Centro Regional Buenos Aires Sur. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce, Ruta 226 Km 73.5, 7620, Balcarce, Argentina
| | - Ramón Alejandro González Pasayo
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Instituto de Innovación para la Producción Agropecuaria y Desarrollo Sostenible (IPADS, CONICET-INTA), Ruta 226 km 73.5, Balcarce, 7620, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alejandra Graciela Ponce
- Grupo de Investigación en Ingeniería en Alimentos (GIIA), Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de alimentos y ambiente (INCITAA, CIC-UNMDP), Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Av. Juan B. Justo 4302, B7602AYL Mar del, Plata, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, CABA, Argentina
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Rapid DNA visual detection of polymicrobial bloodstream infection using filter paper. Sci Rep 2022; 12:4515. [PMID: 35296724 PMCID: PMC8927095 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-08487-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bloodstream infection (BSI) is a major complication in patients with cancers due to therapy-induced neutropenia and underlying conditions, which increases hospitalization time and mortality rate. Targeted and timely antimicrobial management is crucial to save the patients’ lives and reduce the social and economic burdens. Blood culture is a routine clinical diagnostic method of BSI with a long turnaround time, and generally identifies monomicrobial BSI. Thus, polymicrobial BSI often goes undetected although it occurs more frequently in these patients and results in more severe outcomes compared to monomicrobial BSI. In this work, we apply glutaric anhydride, N-hydroxysuccinimide and N,N′-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide to fabricate a functional surface on cellulose filter paper. Targeting three pathogens (Escherichia coli, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and human cytomegalovirus) commonly occurring in BSI in neutropenic patients, we demonstrate rapid and accurate triplex pathogen DNA detection using the functionalized paper. All three pathogen DNA was identified in 1–5 min with a detection limit of 0.1–0.5 ng/µL. The developed test tool has the potential to provide rapid polymicrobial BSI diagnosis in support of timely, accurate antimicrobial treatment, and could be integrated into an automatic sample-to-result portable equipment.
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Mulinti P, Shreffler J, Hasan R, Dea M, Brooks AE. Infection Responsive Smart Delivery of Antibiotics Using Recombinant Spider Silk Nanospheres. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13091358. [PMID: 34575434 PMCID: PMC8467577 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13091358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Frequent and inappropriate usage of antibiotics has changed the natural evolution of bacteria by reducing susceptibility and increasing resistance towards antibacterial agents. New resistance mechanisms evolved in the response to host defenses and pharmaceutical interventions are threatening our ability to treat common infections, resulting in increased mortality. In the face of this rising epidemic, antibiotic drug discovery, which has long been overlooked by big pharma, is reaching a critical low. Thus, the development of an infection-responsive drug delivery system, which may mitigate multidrug resistance and preserve the lifetime of our current antibiotic arsenal, has garnered the attention of both popular science and funding agencies. The present work describes the development of a thrombin-sensitive linker embedded into a recombinant spider silk copolymer to create a nanosphere drug delivery vehicle. Recent studies have suggested that there is an increase in thrombin-like activity during Staphylococcus aureus infection; thus, drug release from this new “smart” nanosphere can be triggered in the presence of infection. A thrombin sensitive peptide (TSP) was synthesized, and the thrombin cleavage sensitivity was determined by HPLC. The results showed no cleavage of the peptide when exposed to human serum whereas the peptide was cleaved when incubated with S. aureus exudate. Subsequently, the peptide was coupled with a silk copolymer via EDC-NHS chemistry and formulated into nanospheres encapsulating antibiotic vancomycin. These nanospheres were evaluated for in vitro infection-responsive drug release and antimicrobial activity. Finally, the drug responsive nanospheres were assessed for efficacy in an in vivo septic arthritis model. Our study provides evidence that the protein conjugate was enzyme responsive and can be used to formulate targeted drug release to combat infections against multidrug-resistant bacterial strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranothi Mulinti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58102, USA; (P.M.); (J.S.); (R.H.)
| | - Jacob Shreffler
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58102, USA; (P.M.); (J.S.); (R.H.)
| | - Raquib Hasan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58102, USA; (P.M.); (J.S.); (R.H.)
| | - Michael Dea
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Rocky Vista University, Ivins, UT 84734, USA;
| | - Amanda E. Brooks
- Department of Molecular Biology, Rocky Vista University, Ivins, UT 84734, USA
- Correspondence:
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Transmission of Similar Mcr-1 Carrying Plasmids among Different Escherichia coli Lineages Isolated from Livestock and the Farmer. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10030313. [PMID: 33803068 PMCID: PMC8003085 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10030313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Colistin use has mostly been stopped in human medicine, due to its toxicity. However, nowadays, it still is used as a last-resort antibiotic to treat hospital infections caused by multi-drug resistant Enterobacteriaceae. On the contrary, colistin has been used in veterinary medicine until recently. In this study, 210 fecal samples from pigs (n = 57), calves (n = 152), and the farmer (n = 1) were collected from a farm where E. coli harboring mcr-1–mcr-3 was previously detected. Samples were plated, and mcr-genes presence was confirmed by multiplex-PCR. Hybrid sequencing which determined the presence and location of mcr-1, other antibiotic resistance genes, and virulence factors. Eighteen colistin resistant isolates (13 from calves, four from pigs, and one from the farmer) contained mcr-1 associated with plasmids (IncX4, IncI2, and IncHI2), except for two that yielded mcr-1 in the chromosome. Similar plasmids were distributed in different E. coli lineages. Transmission of mcr-1 to the farmer most likely occurred by horizontal gene transfer from E. coli of calf origin, since plasmids were highly similar (99% coverage, 99.97% identity). Moreover, 33 virulence factors, including stx2 for Shiga toxin E. coli (STEC) were detected, highlighting the role of livestock as a reservoir of pathotypes with zoonotic potential.
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García A, Fox JG. A One Health Perspective for Defining and Deciphering Escherichia coli Pathogenic Potential in Multiple Hosts. Comp Med 2021; 71:3-45. [PMID: 33419487 PMCID: PMC7898170 DOI: 10.30802/aalas-cm-20-000054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
E. coli is one of the most common species of bacteria colonizing humans and animals. The singularity of E. coli 's genus and species underestimates its multifaceted nature, which is represented by different strains, each with different combinations of distinct virulence factors. In fact, several E. coli pathotypes, or hybrid strains, may be associated with both subclinical infection and a range of clinical conditions, including enteric, urinary, and systemic infections. E. coli may also express DNA-damaging toxins that could impact cancer development. This review summarizes the different E. coli pathotypes in the context of their history, hosts, clinical signs, epidemiology, and control. The pathotypic characterization of E. coli in the context of disease in different animals, including humans, provides comparative and One Health perspectives that will guide future clinical and research investigations of E. coli infections.
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Key Words
- aa, aggregative adherence
- a/e, attaching and effacing
- aepec, atypical epec
- afa, afimbrial adhesin
- aida-i, adhesin involved in diffuse adherence
- aiec, adherent invasive e. coli
- apec, avian pathogenic e. coli
- atcc, american type culture collection
- bfp, bundle-forming pilus
- cd, crohn disease
- cdt, cytolethal distending toxin gene
- clb, colibactin
- cnf, cytotoxic necrotizing factor
- cs, coli surface (antigens)
- daec, diffusely adhering e. coli
- db, dutch belted
- eae, e. coli attaching and effacing gene
- eaec, enteroaggregative e. coli
- eaf, epec adherence factor (plasmid)
- eahec, entero-aggregative-hemorrhagic e. coli
- east-1, enteroaggregative e. coli heat-stable enterotoxin
- e. coli, escherichia coli
- ed, edema disease
- ehec, enterohemorrhagic e. coli
- eiec, enteroinvasive e. coli
- epec, enteropathogenic e. coli
- esbl, extended-spectrum β-lactamase
- esp, e. coli secreted protein
- etec, enterotoxigenic e. coli
- expec, extraintestinal pathogenic e. coli
- fyua, yersiniabactin receptor gene
- gi, gastrointestinal
- hly, hemolysin
- hus, hemolytic uremic syndrome
- ibd, inflammatory bowel disease
- la, localized adherence
- lee, locus of enterocyte effacement
- lpf, long polar fimbriae
- lt, heat-labile (enterotoxin)
- mlst, multilocus sequence typing
- ndm, new delhi metallo-β-lactamase
- nzw, new zealand white
- pap, pyelonephritis-associated pilus
- pks, polyketide synthase
- sfa, s fimbrial adhesin
- slt, shiga-like toxin
- st, heat-stable (enterotoxin)
- stec, stx-producing e. coli
- stx, shiga toxin
- tepec, typical epec
- upec, uropathogenic e. coli
- uti, urinary tract infection
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis García
- Molecular Sciences Research Center, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico; Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts;,
| | - James G Fox
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
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Silva N, Phythian CJ, Currie C, Tassi R, Ballingall KT, Magro G, McNeilly TN, Zadoks RN. Antimicrobial resistance in ovine bacteria: A sheep in wolf's clothing? PLoS One 2020; 15:e0238708. [PMID: 32881949 PMCID: PMC7470381 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To monitor the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), methods for interpretation of susceptibility phenotypes of bacteria are needed. Reference limits to declare resistance are generally based on or dominated by data from human bacterial isolates and may not reflect clinical relevance or wild type (WT) populations in livestock or other hosts. METHODS We compared the observed prevalence of AMR using standard and bespoke interpretations based on clinical breakpoints or epidemiological cut-offs (ECOFF) using gram positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and gram negative (Escherichia coli) bacteria from sheep as exemplars. Isolates were obtained from a cross-sectional study in three lowland sheep flocks in Scotland, and from a longitudinal study in one flock in Norway. S. aureus (n = 101) was predominantly isolated from milk or mammary glands whilst E. coli (n = 103) was mostly isolated from faecal samples. Disc diffusion testing was used to determine inhibition zone diameters, which were interpreted using either clinical breakpoints or ECOFF, which distinguish the bacterial wild type population from bacteria with acquired or mutational resistance to the compound of interest (non-wild type). Standard ECOFF values were considered as well as sheep-specific values calculated from the data using Normalized Resistance Interpretation (NRI) methodology. RESULTS The prevalence of AMR as measured based on clinical breakpoints was low, e.g. 4.0% for penicillin resistance in S. aureus. Estimation of AMR prevalence based on standard ECOFFs was hampered by lack of relevant reference values. In addition, standard ECOFFS, which are predominantly based on human data, bisected the normal distribution of inhibition zone diameters for several compounds in our analysis of sheep isolates. This contravenes recommendations for ECOFF setting based on NRI methodology and may lead to high apparent AMR prevalence. Using bespoke ECOFF values based on NRI, S. aureus showed non-wild type for less than 4% of isolates across 13 compounds, and ca. 13% non-wild type for amoxicillin and ampicillin, while E. coli showed non-wild type for less than 3% of isolates across 12 compounds, and ca. 13% non-wild type for tetracyclines and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim. CONCLUSION The apparent prevalence of AMR in bacteria isolated from sheep is highly dependent on interpretation criteria. The sheep industry may want to establish bespoke cut-off values for AMR monitoring to avoid the use of cut-offs developed for other host species. The latter could lead to high apparent prevalence of resistance, including to critically important antimicrobial classes such as 4th generation cephalosporins and carbapenems, suggesting an AMR problem that may not actually exist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuno Silva
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Penicuik, United Kingdom
| | - Clare J. Phythian
- Institute for Production Animal Clinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Sandnes, Norway
| | - Carol Currie
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Penicuik, United Kingdom
| | - Riccardo Tassi
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Penicuik, United Kingdom
| | - Keith T. Ballingall
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Penicuik, United Kingdom
| | - Giada Magro
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Penicuik, United Kingdom
| | - Tom N. McNeilly
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Penicuik, United Kingdom
| | - Ruth N. Zadoks
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Penicuik, United Kingdom
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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Höfle U, Jose Gonzalez-Lopez J, Camacho MC, Solà-Ginés M, Moreno-Mingorance A, Manuel Hernández J, De La Puente J, Pineda-Pampliega J, Aguirre JI, Torres-Medina F, Ramis A, Majó N, Blas J, Migura-Garcia L. Foraging at Solid Urban Waste Disposal Sites as Risk Factor for Cephalosporin and Colistin Resistant Escherichia coli Carriage in White Storks ( Ciconia ciconia). Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1397. [PMID: 32849315 PMCID: PMC7399022 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
White stork (Ciconia ciconia) may act as a reservoir and vehicle of cephalosporin resistant (CR) Escherichia coli. Between 2011 and 2014, we sampled white storks from colonies exposed to different degrees of anthropic pressure across the major areas of natural distribution of white storks in Spain. Cloacal swab samples (n = 467) were obtained from individuals belonging to 12 different colonies from six different regions. Additionally, 70 samples were collected from recently deposited droppings at the base of nesting platforms. We phenotypically characterized E. coli isolates, confirmed presence of CR genes and classified plasmids. Risk factors for acquiring these genes were assessed. Overall, 8.8% (41 out of 467) storks carried CR E. coli in their cloaca and five (7.1%) were identified from recently deposited droppings; therefore, 46 isolates were further characterized. Of them, 20 contained blaCTX–M–1, nine blaCMY–2, six blaCTX–M–14, four blaSHV–12, three blaCTX–M–15, two blaCTX–M–32, one blaCTX–M–1 together with blaCMY–2, and one blaCTX–M–1 together with blaSHV–12. All were multidrug-resistant, and four harbored the plasmid-mediated colistin resistance mcr-1 gene. CR genes were associated with the presence of IncI1, IncFIB, and IncN replicon families. XbaI-macrorestriction analysis revealed a great diversity among most of the XbaI-PFGE types, but indistinguishable types were also seen with isolates obtained from different locations. Clonal complex 10 was the most common among CR E. coli and two blaCTX–M–15 positive isolates were identified as B2-ST131. Carriage of CR E. coli was significantly higher in colonies located close to solid urban waste disposal sites in which foraging on human waste was more likely and in one case to cattle grazing. The co-occurrence of blaCMY–2 and mcr-1 on plasmids of E. coli isolated from wild birds as early as 2011 is of note, as the earliest previous report of mcr-1 in wild birds is from 2016. Our study shows that foraging at landfills and in association with cattle grazing are important risk factors for the acquisition of CR E. coli in white storks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ursula Höfle
- SaBio (Health and Biotechnology) Working Group, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinéticos IREC (CSIC-UCLM-JCCM), Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Juan Jose Gonzalez-Lopez
- Servei de Microbiologia, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Cruz Camacho
- SaBio (Health and Biotechnology) Working Group, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinéticos IREC (CSIC-UCLM-JCCM), Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Marc Solà-Ginés
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Albert Moreno-Mingorance
- Servei de Microbiologia, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Javier Pineda-Pampliega
- Department of Biodiversity, Ecology and Evolution, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Ignacio Aguirre
- Department of Biodiversity, Ecology and Evolution, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Torres-Medina
- Departamento de Biología de la Conservación, Estación Biológica de Doñana, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Seville, Spain.,Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Antoni Ramis
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain.,Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Natalia Majó
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain.,Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Julio Blas
- Departamento de Biología de la Conservación, Estación Biológica de Doñana, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Seville, Spain
| | - Lourdes Migura-Garcia
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
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11
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Yang S, Liu Z, Wang C, Wen S, Meng Q, Huo X, Sun H, Ma X, Peng J, He Z, Liu K. Piperacillin enhances the inhibitory effect of tazobactam on β-lactamase through inhibition of organic anion transporter 1/3 in rats. Asian J Pharm Sci 2020; 14:677-686. [PMID: 32104494 PMCID: PMC7032209 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajps.2018.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
To assess the mechanism of the pharmacokinetic interaction between piperacillin and tazobactam, renal excretion and pharmacokinetic studies of piperacillin/tazobactam were investigated in normal and bacteremia rats. A bacteremia model was established to investigate the pharmacokinetic properties of piperacillin and tazobactam under different conditions. Renal slices were taken to examine the uptake of piperacillin and tazobactam. Pharmacokinetic studies of β-lactamase in rats were performed to study the contribution of rOat1/3 to the inhibition of tazobactam on β-lactamase. The AUC (from 2.93 ± 0.58 to 6.52 ± 1.44 mg·min/ml) and the plasma clearance (CLP ) (from 2.41 ± 1.20 to 0.961 ± 0.212 ml/min/kg) of tazobactam were both altered after the intravenous coadministration of piperacillin and tazobactam in the bacteremia rats. The renal clearance (CLR ) of tazobactam decreased from 1.30 ± 0.50 to 0.361 ± 0.043 ml/min/kg. In summary, there was a beneficial interaction between piperacillin and tazobactam mediated by rOat1 and rOat3. Piperacillin enhances the inhibitory effect of tazobactam on β-lactamase through the inhibition of rOat1 and rOat3 in rats. The contribution rate of rOat1/3 for the synergistic effect was 20% when the two drugs were coadministered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilei Yang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China.,Department of pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China.,College (Institute) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Zhihao Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China.,Provincial Key Laboratory for Pharmacokinetics and Transport, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Changyuan Wang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China.,Provincial Key Laboratory for Pharmacokinetics and Transport, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Shijie Wen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Qiang Meng
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China.,Provincial Key Laboratory for Pharmacokinetics and Transport, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Xiaokui Huo
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China.,Provincial Key Laboratory for Pharmacokinetics and Transport, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Huijun Sun
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China.,Provincial Key Laboratory for Pharmacokinetics and Transport, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Xiaodong Ma
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China.,Provincial Key Laboratory for Pharmacokinetics and Transport, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Jinyong Peng
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China.,Provincial Key Laboratory for Pharmacokinetics and Transport, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China.,College (Institute) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Zhonggui He
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Kexin Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China.,Provincial Key Laboratory for Pharmacokinetics and Transport, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China.,College (Institute) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
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12
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Hojabri Z, Darabi N, Arab M, Saffari F, Pajand O. Clonal diversity, virulence genes content and subclone status of Escherichia coli sequence type 131: comparative analysis of E. coli ST131 and non-ST131 isolates from Iran. BMC Microbiol 2019; 19:117. [PMID: 31146674 PMCID: PMC6543562 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-019-1493-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Escherichia coli sequence type 131 (ST131) is a well established clone causing significant extraintestinal infections worldwide. However, no studies have been reported the phenotypic and molecular traits of ST131 isolates in comparison to other clones of E. coli from Iran. So, we determined the differences between 69 ST131 strains collected during a one year surveillance study and 84 non-ST131 isolates, including 56 clinical fluoroquinolone resistant and 28 broiler colibacillosis isolates in terms of clonality and genetic background. RESULTS ST131 isolates were associated with phylogroup B2 (68 out of 69 isolates, 98.4%), while clinical non-ST131 and fluoroquinolone resistant broiler isolates mainly belonged to phylogroup A. The highest virulence score was observed in ST131 clone, while they showed less diversity in virulence profiles than other clinical isolates. Almost all of the ST131 isolates (95.6%) were ExPEC and had the highest virulence scores, but their resistance scores were less than clinical non-ST131 isolates. Broiler isolates showed higher prevalence of ExPEC-associated virulence genes and CTX-M-G1/G9 resistance determinants as compared to clinical non-ST131 isolates. While blaOXA-48/NDM carbapenemases were mostly found in ST131 clone, resistance rate against ertapenem was higher among clinical non-ST131 strains. According to ERIC-based fingerprinting, the ST131 strains were more genetically similar, followed by non-ST131 and broiler isolates. CONCLUSIONS ST131 isolates possess the ability to make a balance between clonality and extent of resistance/virulence genes content, so this phenomenon gives a fitness advantage over other E. coli clones. The broilers E. coli population poses a potential zoonotic risk which could be transmitted to the community through the food chain. A number of factors are involved in the dissemination of and infections due to ST131 clone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoya Hojabri
- Microbiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Narges Darabi
- Microbiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Maedeh Arab
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Saffari
- Microbiology Department, Faculty of medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Omid Pajand
- Microbiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran. .,Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.
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13
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Slettemeås JS, Sunde M, Ulstad CR, Norström M, Wester AL, Urdahl AM. Occurrence and characterization of quinolone resistant Escherichia coli from Norwegian turkey meat and complete sequence of an IncX1 plasmid encoding qnrS1. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0212936. [PMID: 30856202 PMCID: PMC6411123 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0212936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) is frequent among Escherichia coli from various food products and animals in several countries. The objective of this study was to characterize quinolone resistant E. coli (QREC) from Norwegian turkey meat regarding resistance profiles, genetic mechanisms for quinolone resistance, genetic relatedness, and to investigate whether PMQR genes were present. In total, 78 QREC were isolated by a selective method from 156 samples throughout 2013. Isolates were subjected to susceptibility testing, characterization of resistance mechanisms, serotyping, phylotyping and multi-locus variable-tandem repeat analysis (MLVA). All 78 isolates were resistant to ciprofloxacin, while 77 were also resistant to nalidixic acid. The nalidixic acid sensitive isolate had a resistance profile indicating the presence of a PMQR gene. Both PCR and whole genome sequencing confirmed the presence of a 47 304 kb IncX1 plasmid containing the qnrS1 gene. The mechanism conferring quinolone resistance in the remaining isolates was mediated by mutations in the quinolone resistance-determining region of the chromosomal gyrA gene and for most of the isolates also in the parC gene. Molecular typing by MLVA showed a high degree of genetic diversity, although four clusters dominated. Two clusters contained strains belonging to phylogroup D/serogroup O176, the third contained isolates of phylogroup B1/serogroup O19, whereas the fourth contained isolates of phylogroup B1/non-typeable serogroup. Isolates within the latter cluster had MLVA profiles identical to QREC isolated from day-old imported turkey parent animals investigated in a preliminary study at the Norwegian Veterinary Institute. This finding suggests that QREC obtained from turkey may have been introduced via import of breeding animals to Norway. This is the first time the qnrS1 gene is described from E. coli isolated from Norwegian turkey meat. Compared to available qnrS1 carrying plasmids in Genbank, the current IncX1 plasmid showed high degree of similarity to other IncX1 plasmids containing qnrS1 isolated from both Shigella flexneri and E. coli found in different geographical areas and sources. To conclude, this study showed that mutations in gyrA and parC are the main mechanism conferring quinolone resistance in E. coli isolated from Norwegian turkey meat, and that PMQR has not been widely dispersed throughout the E. coli population in Norwegian turkey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jannice Schau Slettemeås
- Section of Food Safety and Emerging Health Threats, Department of Animal Health and Food Safety, Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marianne Sunde
- Section of Food Safety and Emerging Health Threats, Department of Animal Health and Food Safety, Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Madelaine Norström
- Section of Epidemiology, Department of Analysis and Diagnostics, Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Oslo, Norway
| | - Astrid Louise Wester
- Division of Infectious Disease Control, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Water and Sanitation Unit, Department for Public Health, Environmental and Social Determinants of Human Health, World Health Organization, Genève, Switzerland
| | - Anne Margrete Urdahl
- Section of Food Safety and Emerging Health Threats, Department of Animal Health and Food Safety, Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Oslo, Norway
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14
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Zeeshan Khan F, Nawaz T, Mirani ZA, Khan S, Raza Y, Kazmi SU. Study of class 1 integrons in multidrug-resistant uropathogenic Escherichia coli isolated from different hospitals in Karachi. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2018; 21:1079-1082. [PMID: 30524683 PMCID: PMC6281064 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2018.28807.6966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Escherichia coli is the key pathogen in the family producing ESBL (extended spectrum β-lactamase) and associated with community-acquired infections. Therefore, this study was planned to determine the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of uropathogenic E. coli, prevalence of the ESBL gene group and class 1 integrons. MATERIALS AND METHODS Clinical isolates of uropathogenic E. coli were isolated from different hospitals of Karachi. Antibiotic susceptibility test was performed by Kirby-Bauer Methods. Presence of β- lactamases genes (CTX, TEM, and SHV) and integron 1 were identified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). RESULTS Out of 500, 105 isolates were identified as multi-drug resistant (MDR) uropathogenic E. coli. The subject MDR isolates showed the highest resistance to aztreonam, amoxil/ clavulanic acid, ampicillin, cotrimoxazole, ceftriaxone, cefipime, and cefuroxime. Genetic analysis showed that the majority of the MDR E. coli carry CTX M1 (57.1%) followed by TEM (33.3%) and SHV (9.5%). Moreover, 79% of MDR E. coli harbored class 1 integrons, whereas all three conserved genes for class 1 integrons were present in 58% of MDR E. coli. CONCLUSION This study is helpful to provide information regarding the antibiotic susceptibility pattern, distribution ESBLs and class 1 integrons among uropathogenic E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zulfiqar Ali Mirani
- Pakistan Council of Scientific & Industrial Research Laboratories Complex, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Saeed Khan
- Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Yasir Raza
- Department of Microbiology, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
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15
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Navarro-Gonzalez N, Castillo-Contreras R, Casas-Díaz E, Morellet N, Concepción Porrero M, Molina-Vacas G, Torres RT, Fonseca C, Mentaberre G, Domínguez L, Lavín S, Serrano E. Carriage of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in urban versus rural wild boars. EUR J WILDLIFE RES 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10344-018-1221-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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16
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Hemeg HA. Molecular characterization of antibiotic resistant Escherichia coli isolates recovered from food samples and outpatient Clinics, KSA. Saudi J Biol Sci 2018; 25:928-931. [PMID: 30108443 PMCID: PMC6087806 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2018.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 01/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli is one of the most important public health concern worldwide that can be transferred through the food of animal origin to human being causing serious infection. The genetic responsibility of such resistant genes (Plasmids, integrons, and transposons) can be easily transmitted from the resistant strain to another. Therefore, the main objectives of the study is the molecular characterization of the resistant Escherichia coli isolates recovered from food samples and human isolates collected from outpatient clinics, KSA especially the resistance strains against aminoglycoside resistance genes which are responsible for the resistance against gentamicin and the resistance caused β-lactamases genes. Examination of food samples revealed 120 Escherichia coli isolates (22.22%) (30 strains O26: K60, 28 strains O128: K67, 20 strains O111: K58, 18 strains O126: K58, 10 strains O55: K59, 9 strains O86: K61 and 5 strains O157: H7). All the strains were highly resistance to penicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanic and erythromycin with a percentage of 100%, while the resistance to gentamicin, ampicillin, oxytetracycline, chloramphenicol, norfloxacin, trimethoprim, and nalidixic acid were 83%, 75%, 65.3%, 55.8%, 36.5%, 30.7% and 26.9% respectively. On the other hand, 59.6% of tested strains were sensitive to ciprofloxacin. Positive amplification of 896 bp fragments specific for aacC2 genes were observed by PCR designated for the detection of the aminoglycoside resistance genes. Meanwhile, multiplex PCR designed to detect the ampicillin and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid resistant E. coli isolates revealed positive amplification of 516 bp fragments specific for BlaTEM gene with all the resistant strains to ampicillin and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid. Moreover, positive amplification of 392 bp fragments specific for BlaSHV resistant gene were observed with (60.52%) of E. coli isolate. While all the tested strains were negative for amplification of BlaOXA_1.
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17
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Osman KM, Kappell AD, ElHofy F, Orabi A, Mubarak AS, Dawoud TM, Moussa IMI, Hessain AM. Urinary tract infection attributed to Escherichia coli isolated from participants attending an unorganized gathering. Future Microbiol 2018; 13:757-769. [DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2017-0304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Participants in an unorganized gathering are potential hosts of diseases, bringing diseases from around the world to be introduced to a large at-risk population. Therefore, we investigated the gene repertoire in 29 Escherichia coli strains linked to urinary tract infection isolated from patients transferred to the hospital after attending an unorganized gathering in Cairo. Materials & methods: Virulence and resistance determinants, phenotypic antibiotic resistance, biofilm formation, their serotypes and phylogenetic relationships were analyzed. Results: The 29 tested serovars were phenotypically virulent, with the prevalence of group B2, and resistant to tetracycline, naldixic acid, ampicillin, trimethoprim, neomycin, oxytetracycline and erythromycin encoding the iss virulent gene. Conclusion: A One Health approach is a must to monitor and control E. coli urinary tract infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamelia M Osman
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
| | - Anthony D Kappell
- Department of Civil, Construction & Environmental Engineering, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI 53233, USA
| | - Fatma ElHofy
- Department of Bacteriology, Immunology & Mycology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Moushtohor, Benha University, 13511, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Orabi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
| | - Ayman S Mubarak
- Department of Botany & Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11495, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Turki M Dawoud
- Department of Botany & Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11495, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ihab MI Moussa
- Department of Botany & Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11495, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ashgan M Hessain
- Department of Health Science, College of Applied Studies & Community Service, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11495, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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18
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Poultry hatcheries as potential reservoirs for antimicrobial-resistant Escherichia coli: A risk to public health and food safety. Sci Rep 2018; 8:5859. [PMID: 29643424 PMCID: PMC5895583 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-23962-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Hatcheries have the power to spread antimicrobial resistant (AMR) pathogens through the poultry value chain because of their central position in the poultry production chain. Currently, no information is available about the presence of AMR Escherichia coli strains and the antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) they harbor within hatchezries. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the possible involvement of hatcheries in harboring hemolytic AMR E. coli. Serotyping of the 65 isolated hemolytic E. coli revealed 15 serotypes with the ability to produce moderate biofilms, and shared susceptibility to cephradine and fosfomycin and resistance to spectinomycin. The most common β-lactam resistance gene was blaTEM, followed by blaOXA-1, blaMOX-like,blaCIT-like,blaSHV and blaFOX. Hierarchical clustering of E. coli isolates based on their phenotypic and genotypic profiles revealed separation of the majority of isolates from hatchlings and the hatchery environments, suggesting that hatchling and environmental isolates may have different origins. The high frequency of β-lactam resistance genes in AMR E. coli from chick hatchlings indicates that hatcheries may be a reservoir of AMR E. coli and can be a major contributor to the increased environmental burden of ARGs posing an eminent threat to poultry and human health.
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19
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Alonso CA, González-Barrio D, Ruiz-Fons F, Ruiz-Ripa L, Torres C. High frequency of B2 phylogroup among non-clonally related fecal Escherichia coli isolates from wild boars, including the lineage ST131. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2017; 93:3003317. [PMID: 28365752 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fix016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Wild boars are worldwide distributed mammals which population is increasing in many regions, like the Iberian Peninsula, leading to an increased exposition to humans. They are considered reservoirs of different zoonotic pathogens and have been postulated as potential vectors of antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) bacteria. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance and phylogenetic distribution of Escherichia coli from wild boar feces. Antimicrobial resistance and integron content was genetically characterized and E. coli of B2 phylogroup was further analyzed by molecular typing and virulence genotyping. The prevalence of AMR E. coli was low, with only 7.5% of isolates being resistant against at least one antimicrobial, mainly ampicillin, tetracycline and/or sulfonamide. An unexpected elevated rate of B2 phylogroup (47.5%) was identified, most of them showing unrelated pulsed-field-gel-electrophoresis patterns. ST131/B2 (fimH 22 sublineage), ST28/B2, ST1170/B2, ST681/B2 and ST625/B2 clones, previously described in extraintestinal infections in humans, were detected in B2 isolates, and carried one or more genes associated with extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC). This study demonstrated a low prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in E. coli from wild boars, although they are not exempt of AMR bacteria, and a predominance of genetically diverse B2 phylogroup, including isolates carrying ExPEC which may contribute to the spread of virulence determinants among different ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Andrea Alonso
- Área Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de La Rioja, 26006 Logroño, Spain
| | - David González-Barrio
- Health and Biotechnology (SaBio) Group, Spanish Wildlife Research Institute IREC (CSIC-UCLM-JCCM), 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Francisco Ruiz-Fons
- Health and Biotechnology (SaBio) Group, Spanish Wildlife Research Institute IREC (CSIC-UCLM-JCCM), 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Laura Ruiz-Ripa
- Área Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de La Rioja, 26006 Logroño, Spain
| | - Carmen Torres
- Área Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de La Rioja, 26006 Logroño, Spain
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20
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Alonso CA, Alcalá L, Simón C, Torres C. Novel sequence types of extended-spectrum and acquired AmpC beta-lactamase producing Escherichia coli and Escherichia clade V isolated from wild mammals. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2017; 93:4004838. [DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fix097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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21
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Clark KD, Purslow JA, Pierson SA, Nacham O, Anderson JL. Rapid preconcentration of viable bacteria using magnetic ionic liquids for PCR amplification and culture-based diagnostics. Anal Bioanal Chem 2017. [PMID: 28634762 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-017-0439-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a series of magnetic ionic liquids (MILs) were investigated for the extraction and preconcentration of bacteria from aqueous samples. By dispersing small volumes (e.g., 15 μL) of MIL within an aqueous cell suspension, bacteria were rapidly extracted and isolated using a magnetic field. Of the seven hydrophobic MILs examined, the trihexyl(tetradecyl)phosphonium Ni(II) hexafluoroacetylacetonate ([P66614+][Ni(hfacac)3-]) MIL exhibited the greatest enrichment of viable Escherichia coli K12 when coupled with microbiological culture as the detection method. The MIL-based strategy was applied for the preconcentration of E. coli from aqueous samples to obtain enrichment factors (E F) as high as 44.6 in less than 10 min. The MIL extraction approach was also interfaced with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification where the positive detection of E. coli was achieved with the [P66614+][Co(hfacac)3-], [P66614+][Ni(hfacac)3-], [P66614+][Dy(hfacac)4-], and [P66614+][Nd(hfacac)4-] MILs. While direct sampling of an aqueous cell suspension at a concentration of 1.68 × 104 colony-forming units (CFUs) mL-1 yielded no amplicon when subjected to PCR, extraction of the sample with the [P66614+][Ni(hfacac)3-] MIL under optimized conditions provided sufficient enrichment of E. coli for amplicon detection. Importantly, the enrichment of bacteria using the Ni(II)-, Co(II)-, and Dy(III)-based MILs was compatible with real-time quantitative PCR amplification to dramatically improve sample throughput and lower detection limits to 1.0 × 102 CFUs mL-1. The MIL-based method is much faster than existing enrichment approaches that typically require 24-h cultivation times prior to detection and could potentially be applied for the preconcentration of a variety of Gram-negative bacteria from aqueous samples. Graphical abstract Magnetic ionic liquid solvents rapidly preconcentrate viable E. coli cells for unambiguous pathogen detection using microbiological culture and qPCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin D Clark
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, 1605 Gilman Hall, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Purslow
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, 1605 Gilman Hall, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Stephen A Pierson
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, 1605 Gilman Hall, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Omprakash Nacham
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, 1605 Gilman Hall, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Jared L Anderson
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, 1605 Gilman Hall, Ames, IA, 50011, USA.
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22
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Al-Arfaj AA, Ali MS, Hessain AM, Zakri AM, Dawoud TM, Al-Maary KS, Moussa IM. Phenotypic and genotypic analysis of pathogenic Escherichia coli virulence genes recovered from Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Saudi J Biol Sci 2016; 23:713-717. [PMID: 27872566 PMCID: PMC5109281 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2015.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2015] [Revised: 10/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study was carried out to evaluate the phenotypic and genotypic characterization of avian pathogenic Escherichia coli recovered from Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. During the period of 10th February–30th May 2015, 70 E. coli strains were isolated from chicken farms located in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. All strains were tested phenotypically by standard microbiological techniques, serotyped and the virulence genes of such strains were detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Most of the recovered strains from chickens belonged to serotype O111:K58 25 strains (35.7%), followed by serotype O157:H7 13 strains (18.57%), followed by serotype O114:K90 10 strains (14.29%), then serotype O126:K71 9 strains (12.9%), serotype O78:K80 8 strains (11.43%) and in lower percentage serotype O114:K90 and O119:K69 5 strains (7.14%). The virulence genotyping of E. coli isolates recovered from broilers revealed the presence of the uidA gene in all the field isolates (6 serovars) examined in an incidence of 100%, as well as the cvaC gene was also present in all field isolates (6 serovars), while the iutA gene and the iss gene were detected in 5 out of 6 field serovars in an incidence of 81.43% and 64.29%, respectively. Phenotypical examination of the other virulence factors revealed that 65 isolates were hemolytic (92.9%), as well as 15 isolates (21.42%) were positive for enterotoxin production. Meanwhile, 21 isolates (30%) were positive for verotoxin production, 58 isolates (82.86%) for the invasiveness and 31 isolates (44.29%) for Congo red binding activities of the examined serotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah A Al-Arfaj
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed S Ali
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Pharmacy, AL Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ashgan M Hessain
- Department of Health Science, College of Applied Studies and Community Service, King Saud University, P.O. Box 22459, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia; Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, P.O. 2446, Cairo 14242, Giza, Egypt
| | - Adel M Zakri
- Department of Plant Production, College of Food and Agriculture Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2466, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Turki M Dawoud
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid S Al-Maary
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ihab M Moussa
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, P.O. 2446, Cairo 14242, Giza, Egypt
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Alcalá L, Alonso CA, Simón C, González-Esteban C, Orós J, Rezusta A, Ortega C, Torres C. Wild Birds, Frequent Carriers of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase (ESBL) Producing Escherichia coli of CTX-M and SHV-12 Types. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2016; 72:861-869. [PMID: 26687342 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-015-0718-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
To get a better insight into the role of birds as reservoirs of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) and plasmidic AmpC β-lactamase (pAmpC) Escherichia coli producers, 100 fecal samples belonging to 15 different wild avian species from Northern Spain were analyzed. Cefotaxime-resistant (CTXR) E. coli isolates were identified in 16 of the 100 tested birds, which corresponded to 9 animal species (Gyps fulvus-griffon vulture, Larus michahellis-yellow-legged gull, Milvus migrans-black kite, Milvus milvus-red kite, Ciconia ciconia-white stork, Sturnus unicolor-spotless starling, Aquila chrysaetos-golden eagle, Cuculus canorus-common cuckoo, Tyto alba-barn owl). Fifteen isolates harbored ESBL or pAmpC-encoding genes (number of isolates): bla SHV-12 (9), bla CTX-M-1 (3), bla CTX-M-14 (2), and bla CMY-2 (1). The last CTXR isolate presented a -42-point-mutation in the chromosomal ampC promoter. Eleven out of 15 ESBL/pAmpC E. coli isolates were multiresistant (most common resistance phenotype: β-lactams-quinolones-tetracycline-sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim). A plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance determinant (qnrS1) was identified in one E. coli from a barn owl. High genetic diversity was observed among ESBL/pAmpC E. coli isolates, with 12 different sequence types (STs), including several strains of STs frequently detected among human clinical isolates (ST38/D, ST131/B2, ST155/B1, ST10/A). The ST131 isolate belonged to the emergent ciprofloxacin-resistant H30R subclone. This study reveals a high percentage of bird as carriers of ESBL/pAmpC E. coli isolates in Spain, highlighting the elevated rate among storks, kites, and vultures. Wild birds can contribute to the global spread of ESBL/pAmpC-producing E. coli in natural ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia Alcalá
- Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Carla Andrea Alonso
- Área de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de La Rioja, Madre de Dios 51, 26006, Logroño, Spain
| | - Carmen Simón
- Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Chabier González-Esteban
- Centro de Recuperación de Fauna Silvestre de La Alfranca, Departamento de Agricultura, Ganadería y Medio Ambiente, Gobierno de Aragón, Spain
| | - Jesús Orós
- Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Antonio Rezusta
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Universidad de Zaragoza, IIS Aragón, Spain
| | - Carmelo Ortega
- Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Carmen Torres
- Área de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de La Rioja, Madre de Dios 51, 26006, Logroño, Spain.
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García A, Mannion A, Feng Y, Madden CM, Bakthavatchalu V, Shen Z, Ge Z, Fox JG. Cytotoxic Escherichia coli strains encoding colibactin colonize laboratory mice. Microbes Infect 2016; 18:777-786. [PMID: 27480057 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2016.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Revised: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Escherichia coli strains have not been fully characterized in laboratory mice and are not currently excluded from mouse colonies. Colibactin (Clb), a cytotoxin, has been associated with inflammation and cancer in humans and animals. We performed bacterial cultures utilizing rectal swab, fecal, and extra intestinal samples from clinically unaffected or affected laboratory mice. Fifty-one E. coli were isolated from 45 laboratory mice, identified biochemically, and selected isolates were serotyped. The 16S rRNA gene was amplified and sequenced for specific isolates, PCR used for clbA and clbQ gene amplification, and phylogenetic group identification was performed on all 51 E. coli strains. Clb genes were sequenced and selected E. coli isolates were characterized using a HeLa cell cytotoxicity assay. Forty-five of the 51 E. coli isolates (88%) encoded clbA and clbQ and belonged to phylogenetic group B2. Mouse E. coli serotypes included: O2:H6, O-:H-, OM:H+, and O22:H-. Clb-encoding O2: H6 mouse E. coli isolates were cytotoxic in vitro. A Clb-encoding E. coli was isolated from a clinically affected genetically modified mouse with cystic endometrial hyperplasia. Our findings suggest that Clb-encoding E. coli colonize laboratory mice and may induce clinical and subclinical diseases that may impact experimental mouse models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis García
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Anthony Mannion
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Yan Feng
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Carolyn M Madden
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Vasudevan Bakthavatchalu
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Zeli Shen
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Zhongming Ge
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - James G Fox
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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25
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Alonso C, González-Barrio D, Tenorio C, Ruiz-Fons F, Torres C. Antimicrobial resistance in faecal Escherichia coli isolates from farmed red deer and wild small mammals. Detection of a multiresistant E. coli producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamase. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2016; 45:34-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2016.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Revised: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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26
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Cameron-Veas K, Moreno MA, Fraile L, Migura-Garcia L. Shedding of cephalosporin resistant Escherichia coli in pigs from conventional farms after early treatment with antimicrobials. Vet J 2016; 211:21-5. [PMID: 27053016 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2016.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Revised: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
This study assessed the dynamics of cephalosporin resistant (CR) E. coli populations during the life cycle of pigs treated early in life with ceftiofur or tulathromycin. The study was conducted at eight conventional pig farms; four for each treatment with ceftiofur or tulathromycin. At each farm, 70 7-day-old piglets were divided into two groups: a control group (n = 30) and a treatment group (n = 40). Faecal samples were collected on day 0 and on days 2, 7 and 180 post-treatment. Sows were also sampled on day 0. CR E. coli were selected on MacConkey agar with ceftriaxone. On five farms, 7-day-old piglets excreted CR E. coli before treatment associated with the presence of CR E. coli in sows. The occurrence of CR E. coli positive animals decreased with increasing piglet age. The remaining three farms tested negative for CR E. coli during the study period. Results demonstrated great variability in the frequency of CR E. coli positive animals between farms, independent of treatment. Treatment with ceftiofur resulted in a transitory increase in the counts of CR E. coli after 48 h. However, other risk factors including the presence of CR E. coli in sows and animal age were more important than antimicrobial treatment. Accordingly, intervention strategies targeting sows would likely have a beneficial effect in reducing the occurrence of antimicrobial resistance in primary pig production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla Cameron-Veas
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA) - Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA), Campus UAB, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miguel A Moreno
- Centro de Vigilancia Sanitaria Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Lorenzo Fraile
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Universidad de Lleida, 25003 Lleida, Spain
| | - Lourdes Migura-Garcia
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA) - Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA), Campus UAB, 08193 Barcelona, Spain.
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27
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Diversity of Multi-Drug Resistant Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) Causing Outbreaks of Colibacillosis in Broilers during 2012 in Spain. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0143191. [PMID: 26600205 PMCID: PMC4657910 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0143191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) are the major cause of colibacillosis in poultry production. In this study, a total of 22 E. coli isolated from colibacillosis field cases and 10 avian faecal E. coli (AFEC) were analysed. All strains were characterised phenotypically by susceptibility testing and molecular typing methods such as pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and multi-locus sequence typing (MLST). The presence of 29 virulence genes associated to APEC and human extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC) was also evaluated. For cephalosporin resistant isolates, cephalosporin resistance genes, plasmid location and replicon typing was assessed. Avian isolates belonged to 26 O:H serotypes and 24 sequence types. Out of 22 APEC isolates, 91% contained the virulence genes predictors of APEC; iutA, hlyF, iss, iroN and ompT. Of all strains, 34% were considered ExPEC. PFGE analysis demonstrated a high degree of genetic polymorphism. All strains were multi-resistant, including those isolated from healthy animals. Eleven strains were resistant to cephalosporins; six contained blaCTX-M-14, two blaSHV-12, two blaCMY-2 and one blaSHV-2. Two strains harboured qnrA, and two qnrA together with aac(6’)-Ib-cr. Additionally, the emergent clone O25b:H4-B2-ST131 was isolated from a healthy animal which harboured blaCMY-2 and qnrS genes. Cephalosporin resistant genes were mainly associated to the presence of IncK replicons. This study demonstrates a very diverse population of multi-drug resistant E. coli containing a high number of virulent genes. The E. coli population among broilers is a reservoir of resistance and virulence-associated genes that could be transmitted into the community through the food chain. More epidemiological studies are necessary to identify clonal groups and resistance mechanisms with potential relevance to public health.
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Niimi H, Ueno T, Hayashi S, Abe A, Tsurue T, Mori M, Tabata H, Minami H, Goto M, Akiyama M, Yamamoto Y, Saito S, Kitajima I. Melting Temperature Mapping Method: A Novel Method for Rapid Identification of Unknown Pathogenic Microorganisms within Three Hours of Sample Collection. Sci Rep 2015. [PMID: 26218169 PMCID: PMC4517391 DOI: 10.1038/srep12543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Acquiring the earliest possible identification of pathogenic microorganisms is critical for selecting the appropriate antimicrobial therapy in infected patients. We herein report the novel “melting temperature (Tm) mapping method” for rapidly identifying the dominant bacteria in a clinical sample from sterile sites. Employing only seven primer sets, more than 100 bacterial species can be identified. In particular, using the Difference Value, it is possible to identify samples suitable for Tm mapping identification. Moreover, this method can be used to rapidly diagnose the absence of bacteria in clinical samples. We tested the Tm mapping method using 200 whole blood samples obtained from patients with suspected sepsis, 85% (171/200) of which matched the culture results based on the detection level. A total of 130 samples were negative according to the Tm mapping method, 98% (128/130) of which were also negative based on the culture method. Meanwhile, 70 samples were positive according to the Tm mapping method, and of the 59 suitable for identification, 100% (59/59) exhibited a “match” or “broad match” with the culture or sequencing results. These findings were obtained within three hours of whole blood collection. The Tm mapping method is therefore useful for identifying infectious diseases requiring prompt treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Niimi
- Clinical Laboratory Center, Toyama University Hospital, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Ueno
- Clinical Laboratory Center, Toyama University Hospital, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Shirou Hayashi
- Clinical Laboratory Center, Toyama University Hospital, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Akihito Abe
- Kitami Information Technology Co., Ltd., Hokkaido 090-0813, Japan
| | - Takahiro Tsurue
- Kitami Information Technology Co., Ltd., Hokkaido 090-0813, Japan
| | - Masashi Mori
- Research Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology, Ishikawa Prefectural University, Ishikawa 921-8836, Japan
| | - Homare Tabata
- Life Science Center, Hokkaido Mitsui Chemicals, Inc., Hokkaido 073-0138, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Minami
- Life Science Center, Hokkaido Mitsui Chemicals, Inc., Hokkaido 073-0138, Japan
| | - Michihiko Goto
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, IA 52242, USA, and Iowa City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, IA 52246, USA
| | | | - Yoshihiro Yamamoto
- Department of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Toyama University Hospital, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Shigeru Saito
- Department of Obstetrics &Gynecology, Toyama University Hospital, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Isao Kitajima
- Clinical Laboratory Center, Toyama University Hospital, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
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Porres-Osante N, Sáenz Y, Somalo S, Torres C. Characterization of Beta-lactamases in Faecal Enterobacteriaceae Recovered from Healthy Humans in Spain: Focusing on AmpC Polymorphisms. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2015; 70:132-40. [PMID: 25501887 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-014-0544-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Accepted: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The intestinal tract is a huge reservoir of Enterobacteriaceae, some of which are opportunist pathogens. Several genera of these bacteria harbour intrinsic antibiotic resistance genes, such as ampC genes in species of Citrobacter, Enterobacter or Escherichia genera. In this work, beta-lactamases and other resistance mechanisms have been characterized in Enterobacteriaceae isolates recovered from healthy human faecal samples, focusing on the ampC beta-lactamase genes. Fifty human faecal samples were obtained, and 70 Enterobacteriaceae bacteria were isolated: 44 Escherichia coli, 4 Citrobacter braakii, 9 Citrobacter freundii, 8 Enterobacter cloacae, 1 Proteus mirabilis, 1 Proteus vulgaris, 1 Klebsiella oxytoca, 1 Serratia sp. and 1 Cronobacter sp. A high percentage of resistance to ampicillin was detected (57%), observing the AmpC phenotype in 22 isolates (31%) and the ESBL phenotype in 3 isolates. AmpC molecular characterization showed high diversity into bla CMY and bla ACT genes from Citrobacter and Enterobacter species, respectively, and the pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) analysis demonstrated low clonality among them. The prevalence of people colonized by strains carrying plasmid-mediated ampC genes obtained in this study was 2%. The unique plasmid-mediated bla AmpC identified in this study was the bla CMY-2 gene, detected in an E. coli isolate ascribed to the sequence type ST405 which belonged to phylogenetic group D. The hybridization and conjugation experiments demonstrated that the ISEcp1-bla CMY-2-blc structure was carried by a ~78-kb self-transferable IncK plasmid. This study shows a high polymorphism among beta-lactamase genes in Enterobacteriaceae from healthy people microbiota. Extensive AmpC-carrier studies would provide important information and could allow the anticipation of future global health problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nerea Porres-Osante
- Área de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
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Arabestani MR, Rastiany S, Kazemi S, Mousavi SM. Conventional, molecular methods and biomarkers molecules in detection of septicemia. Adv Biomed Res 2015; 4:120. [PMID: 26261822 PMCID: PMC4513309 DOI: 10.4103/2277-9175.158027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in hospitalized patients worldwide and based on studies, 30–40% of all cases of severe sepsis and septic shock results from the blood stream infections (BSIs). Identifying of the disease, performing laboratory tests, and consequently treatment are factors that required for optimum management of BSIs. In addition, applying precise and immediate identification of the etiologic agent is a prerequisite for specific antibiotic therapy of pathogen and thereby decreasing mortality rates. The diagnosis of sepsis is difficult because clinical signs of sepsis often overlap with other noninfectious cases of systemic inflammation. BSIs are usually diagnosed by performing a series of techniques such as blood cultures, polymerase chain reaction-based methods, and biomarkers of sepsis. Extremely time-consuming even to take up to several days is a major limitation of conventional methods. In addition, yielding false-negative results due to fastidious and slow-growing microorganisms and also in case of antibiotic pretreated samples are other limitations. In comparison, molecular methods are capable of examining a blood sample obtained from suspicious patient with BSI and gave the all required information to prescribing antimicrobial therapy for detected bacterial or fungal infections immediately. Because of an emergency of sepsis, new methods are being developed. In this review, we discussed about the most important sepsis diagnostic methods and numbered the advantage and disadvantage of the methods in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Arabestani
- Brucellosis Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran ; Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Sahar Rastiany
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Sima Kazemi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Seyed Masoud Mousavi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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Escherichia coliO157:H7 in wild boars (Sus scrofa) and Iberian ibex (Capra pyrenaica) sharing pastures with free-ranging livestock in a natural environment in Spain. Vet Q 2015; 35:102-6. [DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2015.1023404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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32
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Houseflies (Musca domestica) as Vectors for Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli on Spanish Broiler Farms. Appl Environ Microbiol 2015; 81:3604-11. [PMID: 25795670 DOI: 10.1128/aem.04252-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Flies may act as potential vectors for the spread of resistant bacteria to different environments. This study was intended to evaluate the presence of Escherichia coli strains resistant to cephalosporins in flies captured in the areas surrounding five broiler farms. Phenotypic and molecular characterization of the resistant population was performed by different methods: MIC determination, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), multilocus sequence typing (MLST), and phylotyping. The presence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) genes, their plasmid location, and the mobile genetic elements involved in their mobilization were studied. Additionally, the presence of 35 genes associated with virulence was evaluated. Out of 682 flies captured, 42 yielded ESBL-producing E. coli. Of these isolates, 23 contained bla(CTX-M-1), 18 contained bla(CTX-M-14), and 1 contained bla(CTX-M-9). ESBL genes were associated mainly with the presence of the IncI1 and IncFIB replicons. Additionally, all the strains were multiresistant, and five of them also harbored qnrS. Identical PFGE profiles were found for E. coli isolates obtained from flies at different sampling times, indicating a persistence of the same clones in the farm environment over months. According to their virulence genes, 81% of the isolates were considered avian-pathogenic E. coli (APEC) and 29% were considered extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC). The entrance of flies into broiler houses constitutes a considerable risk for colonization of broilers with multidrug-resistant E. coli. ESBLs in flies reflect the contamination status of the farm environment. Additionally, this study demonstrates the potential contribution of flies to the dissemination of virulence and resistance genes into different ecological niches.
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Sanz S, Olarte C, Martínez-Olarte R, Navajas-Benito EV, Alonso CA, Hidalgo-Sanz S, Somalo S, Torres C. Airborne dissemination of Escherichia coli in a dairy cattle farm and its environment. Int J Food Microbiol 2015; 197:40-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2014.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Revised: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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34
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Emergence of AmpC-producing Escherichia coli in the broiler production chain in a country with a low antimicrobial usage profile. Vet Microbiol 2014; 171:315-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2014.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Revised: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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35
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Book M, Lehmann LE, Zhang X, Stüber F. Monitoring infection: from blood culture to polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol 2014; 27:279-88. [PMID: 24012238 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpa.2013.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2013] [Accepted: 06/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
In patients with sepsis, diagnosis of blood stream infection (BSI) is a key concern to the therapist. Direct verification of pathogens in the blood stream executed by blood cultures (BC) still is regarded as the gold standard up to date. The quickest possible initiation of an appropriate antimicrobial therapy is a cornerstone of an effective therapy. Moreover, in this view BC can also serve to identify antimicrobial agents to target the pathogen. However, when employing BC the time needed until microbiological results are available ranges from 24 up to 72 h. Moreover, infections caused by multiple pathogens often remain undetected and concurrent antibiotic therapy may lower the overall sensitivity. Alternative pathogen characterization can be performed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based amplification methods. Results using PCR can be obtained within 6-8 h. Therefore, the time delay until an appropriate therapy can be reduced enormously. Moreover, these methods have the potential to enhance the sensitivity in the diagnosis of blood stream infections. Therefore, PCR based methods might be a valuable adjunct to present procedures of diagnosing bacteraemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malte Book
- University Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Inselspital, Freiburgstrasse, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland.
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Loncaric I, Stalder GL, Mehinagic K, Rosengarten R, Hoelzl F, Knauer F, Walzer C. Comparison of ESBL--and AmpC producing Enterobacteriaceae and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolated from migratory and resident population of rooks (Corvus frugilegus) in Austria. PLoS One 2013; 8:e84048. [PMID: 24391878 PMCID: PMC3877145 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0084048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2013] [Accepted: 11/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to test whether rooks (Corvus frugilegus) represent good indicators for the potential circulation of antibiotics in their native habitat, two populations with different migratory behavior were tested for the presence of beta-lactamase producing Enterobacteriaceae and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). In all, 54 and 102 samples of fresh feces of a migratory and a resident population were investigated. A total of 24 and 3 cefotaxime-resistant enterobacterial isolates were obtained from the migratory and resident population, respectively. In these isolates CTX-M-1 (n = 15), CTX-M-3 (n = 3), and CTX-M-15 (n = 3) genes were detected. TEM-1 and OXA-1 were associated with CTX-M in 3 and 2 isolates, respectively. In two E. coli isolates CMY-2 could be detected, where from one isolate displayed an overexpression of chromosomal AmpC as well. Among E. coli isolates the most common phylogenetic group was A (n = 11) and ST1683 (n = 5). In one E. coli of B2-ST131 the rfbO25b locus was detected. Three Enterobacter isolates were stably derepressed AmpC-producers. In five samples of the migratory population, PVL positive MRSA could be isolated. Two isolates were typed SCCmec IVa, spa type t127, and ST1. Three isolates carried a SCCmec type IVc, with spa type t852 and ST22. The highly significant difference of the occurrence of antibiotic resistance between the migratory population from eastern Europe compared to resident population in our study indicates that rooks may be good indicator species for the evaluation of environmental contamination with antibiotic resistant bacteria, especially due to their ecology, foraging behavior and differing migratory behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Loncaric
- Unit of Clinical Microbiology and Infection Biology, Institute of Bacteriology, Mycology and Hygiene, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Austria
- * E-mail:
| | - Gabrielle L. Stalder
- Research Institute of Wildlife Ecology, Dept. of Integrative Biology and Evolution, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Austria
| | - Kemal Mehinagic
- Unit of Clinical Microbiology and Infection Biology, Institute of Bacteriology, Mycology and Hygiene, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Austria
| | - Renate Rosengarten
- Unit of Clinical Microbiology and Infection Biology, Institute of Bacteriology, Mycology and Hygiene, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Austria
| | - Franz Hoelzl
- Research Institute of Wildlife Ecology, Dept. of Integrative Biology and Evolution, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Austria
| | - Felix Knauer
- Research Institute of Wildlife Ecology, Dept. of Integrative Biology and Evolution, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Austria
| | - Chris Walzer
- Research Institute of Wildlife Ecology, Dept. of Integrative Biology and Evolution, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Austria
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Navarro-Gonzalez N, Casas-Díaz E, Porrero CM, Mateos A, Domínguez L, Lavín S, Serrano E. Food-borne zoonotic pathogens and antimicrobial resistance of indicator bacteria in urban wild boars in Barcelona, Spain. Vet Microbiol 2013; 167:686-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2013.07.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2013] [Revised: 07/22/2013] [Accepted: 07/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Dierikx CM, van der Goot JA, Smith HE, Kant A, Mevius DJ. Presence of ESBL/AmpC-producing Escherichia coli in the broiler production pyramid: a descriptive study. PLoS One 2013; 8:e79005. [PMID: 24244401 PMCID: PMC3820706 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0079005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2013] [Accepted: 09/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Broilers and broiler meat products are highly contaminated with extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) or plasmid-mediated AmpC beta-lactamase producing Escherichia coli and are considered to be a source for human infections. Both horizontal and vertical transmission might play a role in the presence of these strains in broilers. As not much is known about the presence of these strains in the whole production pyramid, the epidemiology of ESBL/AmpC-producing E. coli in the Dutch broiler production pyramid was examined. Cloacal swabs of Grandparent stock (GPS) birds (one−/two-days (breed A and B), 18 and 31 weeks old (breed A)), one-day old Parent stock birds (breed A and B) and broiler chickens of increasing age (breed A) were selectively cultured to detect ESBL/AmpC-producing isolates. ESBL/AmpC-producing isolates were found at all levels in the broiler production pyramid in both broiler breeds examined. Prevalence was already relatively high at the top of the broiler production pyramid. At broiler farms ESBL/AmpC producing E. coli were still present in the environment of the poultry house after cleaning and disinfection. Feed samples taken in the poultry house also became contaminated with ESBL/AmpC producing E. coli after one or more production weeks. The prevalence of ESBL/AmpC-positive birds at broiler farms increased within the first week from 0–24% to 96–100% independent of the use of antibiotics and stayed 100% until slaughter. In GPS breed A, prevalence at 2 days, 18 weeks and 31 weeks stayed below 50% except when beta-lactam antibiotics were administered. In that case prevalence increased to 100%. Interventions minimizing ESBL/AmpC contamination in broilers should focus on preventing horizontal and vertical spread, especially in relation to broiler production farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy M. Dierikx
- Department of Bacteriology and TSEs, Central Veterinary Institute (CVI), part of Wageningen UR, Lelystad, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
| | - Jeanet A. van der Goot
- Department of Epidemiology Crisis Organization and Diagnostics, Central Veterinary Institute (CVI), part of Wageningen UR, Lelystad, The Netherlands
| | - Hilde E. Smith
- Department of Infection Biology, Central Veterinary Institute (CVI), part of Wageningen UR, Lelystad, The Netherlands
| | - Arie Kant
- Department of Bacteriology and TSEs, Central Veterinary Institute (CVI), part of Wageningen UR, Lelystad, The Netherlands
| | - Dik J. Mevius
- Department of Bacteriology and TSEs, Central Veterinary Institute (CVI), part of Wageningen UR, Lelystad, The Netherlands
- Utrecht University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Navarro-Gonzalez N, Porrero MC, Mentaberre G, Serrano E, Mateos A, Domínguez L, Lavín S. Antimicrobial resistance in indicator Escherichia coli isolates from free-ranging livestock and sympatric wild ungulates in a natural environment (Northeastern Spain). Appl Environ Microbiol 2013; 79:6184-6. [PMID: 23892753 PMCID: PMC3811374 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01745-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2013] [Accepted: 07/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance was assessed in indicator Escherichia coli isolates from free-ranging livestock and sympatric wild boar (Sus scrofa) and Iberian ibex (Capra pyrenaica) in a National Game Reserve in northeastern Spain. The frequency of antimicrobial resistance was low (0% to 7.9%). However, resistance to an extended-spectrum cephalosporin and fluoroquinolones was detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Navarro-Gonzalez
- Servei d' Ecopatologia de Fauna Salvatge (SEFaS), Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M. C. Porrero
- Centro de Vigilancia Sanitaria Veterinaria (VISAVET), Universidad Complutense (UCM), Madrid, Spain
| | - G. Mentaberre
- Servei d' Ecopatologia de Fauna Salvatge (SEFaS), Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - E. Serrano
- Servei d' Ecopatologia de Fauna Salvatge (SEFaS), Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
- Estadística i Investigació Operativa, Departament de Matemàtica, Universitat de Lleida (UdL), Lleida, Spain
| | - A. Mateos
- Centro de Vigilancia Sanitaria Veterinaria (VISAVET), Universidad Complutense (UCM), Madrid, Spain
| | - L. Domínguez
- Centro de Vigilancia Sanitaria Veterinaria (VISAVET), Universidad Complutense (UCM), Madrid, Spain
| | - S. Lavín
- Servei d' Ecopatologia de Fauna Salvatge (SEFaS), Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
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Jouini A, Ben Slama K, Vinué L, Ruiz E, Sáenz Y, Somalo S, Klibi N, Zarazaga M, Ben Moussa M, Boudabous A, Torres C. Detection of UnrelatedEscherichia ColiStrains Harboring Genes of CTX-M-15, OXA-1, and AAC(6')-Ib-Cr Enzymes in a Tunisian Hospital and Characterization of Their Integrons and Virulence Factors. J Chemother 2013; 22:318-23. [DOI: 10.1179/joc.2010.22.5.318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Dynamics and diversity of Escherichia coli in animals and system management of the manure on a commercial farrow-to-finish pig farm. Appl Environ Microbiol 2012; 79:853-9. [PMID: 23160136 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02866-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the dynamics and diversity of Escherichia coli populations in animal and environmental lines of a commercial farrow-to-finish pig farm in Spain along a full production cycle (July 2008 to July 2009), with special attention to antimicrobial resistance and the presence of integrons. In the animal line, a total of 256 isolates were collected from pregnant sows (10 samples and 20 isolates), 1-week-old piglets (20 samples and 40 isolates), unweaned piglets (20 samples and 38 isolates), growers (20 samples and 40 isolates), and the finishers' floor pen (6 samples and 118 isolates); from the underfloor pits and farm slurry tank environmental lines, 100 and 119 isolates, respectively, were collected. Our results showed that E. coli populations in the pig fecal microbiota and in the farm environment are highly dynamic and show high levels of diversity. These issues have been proven through DNA-based typing data (repetitive extragenic palindromic PCR [REP-PCR]) and phenotypic typing data (antimicrobial resistance profile comprising 19 antimicrobials). Clustering of the sampling groups based on their REP-PCR typing results showed that the spatial features (the line) had a stronger weight than the temporal features (sampling week) for the clustering of E. coli populations; this weight was less significant when clustering was performed based on resistotypes. Among animals, finishers harbored an E. coli population different from those of the remaining animal populations studied, considering REP-PCR fingerprints and resistotypes. This population, the most important from a public health perspective, demonstrated the lowest levels of antimicrobial resistance and integron presence.
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Dierikx C, van der Goot J, Fabri T, van Essen-Zandbergen A, Smith H, Mevius D. Extended-spectrum- -lactamase- and AmpC- -lactamase-producing Escherichia coli in Dutch broilers and broiler farmers. J Antimicrob Chemother 2012; 68:60-7. [DOI: 10.1093/jac/dks349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Bashir S, Haque A, Sarwar Y, Ali A, Anwar MI. Virulence profile of different phylogenetic groups of locally isolated community acquired uropathogenic E. coli from Faisalabad region of Pakistan. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob 2012; 11:23. [PMID: 22867028 PMCID: PMC3475034 DOI: 10.1186/1476-0711-11-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2012] [Accepted: 07/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Uropathogenic E.coli (UPEC) are among major pathogens causing urinary tract infections. Virulence factors are mainly responsible for the severity of these emerging infections. This study was planned to investigate the distribution of virulence genes and cytotoxic effects of UPEC isolates with reference to phylogenetic groups (B2, B1, D and A) to understand the presence and impact of virulence factors in the severity of infection in Faisalabad region of Pakistan. Methods In this study phylogenetic analysis, virulence gene identification and cytotoxicity of 59 uropathogenic E.coli isolates obtained from non-hospitalized patients was studied. Results Among 59 isolates, phylogenetic group B2 (50%) was most dominant followed by groups A, B1 (19% each) and D (12%). Isolates present in group D showed highest presence of virulence genes. The prevalence hlyA (37%) was highest followed by sfaDE (27%), papC (24%), cnf1 (20%), eaeA (19%) and afaBC3 (14%). Highly hemolytic and highly verotoxic isolates mainly belonged to group D and B2. We also found two isolates with simultaneous presence of three fimbrial adhesin genes present on pap, afa, and sfa operons. This has not been reported before and underlines the dynamic nature of these UPEC isolates. Conclusions It was concluded that in local UPEC isolates from non-hospitalized patients, group B2 was more prevalent. However, group D isolates were most versatile as all were equipped with virulence genes and showed highest level of cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saira Bashir
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), P,O, Box 577, Jhang Road, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
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Rachid S, Harchay C, Ben Othman A, Zribi M, Masmoudi A, Fendri C. Portage digestif asymptomatique et simultané de deux souches d’Escherichia coli exprimant des bêtalactamases à spectre étendu de type CTX-M-1 et CTX-M-14. Med Mal Infect 2012; 42:133-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medmal.2012.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2011] [Revised: 11/08/2011] [Accepted: 01/30/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Ohlin A, Bäckman A, Ewald U, Schollin J, Björkqvist M. Diagnosis of neonatal sepsis by broad-range 16S real-time polymerase chain reaction. Neonatology 2012; 101:241-6. [PMID: 22205207 DOI: 10.1159/000334655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2011] [Accepted: 10/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The standard diagnostic test (blood culture) for suspected neonatal sepsis has limitations in sensitivity and specificity, and 16S polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has been suggested as a new diagnostic tool for neonatal sepsis. OBJECTIVES To develop and evaluate a new real-time PCR method for detection of bacterial DNA in blood samples collected from infants with suspected neonatal sepsis. METHODS Immediately after blood culture, a study sample of 0.5-1.0 ml whole blood was collected and used for a novel 16S real-time PCR assay. All positive samples were sequenced. Detailed case studies were performed in all cases with conflicting results, to verify if PCR could detect pathogens in culture negative sepsis. RESULTS 368 samples from 317 infants were included. When compared with blood culture, the assay yielded a sensitivity of 79%, a specificity of 90%, a positive predictive value of 59%, and a negative predictive value of 96%. Seven of the 31 samples with a positive PCR result and a negative blood culture had definite or suspected bacterial sepsis. In five samples, PCR (but not blood culture) could detect a pathogen that was present in a blood culture collected more than 24 h prior to the PCR sample. CONCLUSIONS This study presents an evaluation of a new real-time PCR technique that can detect culture-positive sepsis, and suggests that PCR has the potential to detect bacteria in culture-negative samples even after the initiation of intravenous antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Ohlin
- Department of Pediatrics, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro, Sweden.
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Bashir S, Sarwar Y, Ali A, Mohsin M, Saeed MA, Tariq A, Haque A. Multiple drug resistance patterns in various phylogenetic groups of uropathogenic E.coli isolated from Faisalabad region of Pakistan. Braz J Microbiol 2011; 42:1278-83. [PMID: 24031752 PMCID: PMC3768734 DOI: 10.1590/s1517-83822011000400005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2010] [Accepted: 05/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this work was the phylogenetic characterization of local clinical isolates of uropathogenic E. coli with respect to drug resistance. A total of 59 uropathogenic E. coli responsible for community acquired urinary tract infections were included in this study. A triplex PCR was employed to segregate each isolate into four different phylogenetic groups (A, B1, B2 and D). Drug resistance was evaluated by disc diffusion method. The drugs used were ampicillin, aztreonam, cefixime, cefoperazone, ceftriaxone, cephradine among β-lactam group; amikacin, gentamicin, and streptomycin among aminoglycosides; nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin from quinolones; trimethoprim-sulfomethoxazole, and tetracycline. Among 59 uropathogenic E. coli isolates majority belonged to phylogenetic group B2 (50%) where as 19% each belonged to groups A and B1, and 12% to group D. All the isolates were multiple drug resistant (MDR). Most effective drugs against Group A, B1, and B2 were gentamicin, amikacin and cefixime; ceftriaxone and quinolones; and ceftriaxone and amikacin, respectively. Group D isolates were found to be highly resistant to all drugs. Our results have shown emergence of MDR isolates among uropathogenic E. coli with dominance of phylogenetic group B2. However, it was found that group D isolates were though less frequent, more drug resistant as compared with group B2. Groups A and B1 were relatively uncommon. Amikacin, ceftriaxone and gentamicin were the most effective drugs in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saira Bashir
- Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE) , P. O. Box, 577, Jhang Road, Faisalabad , Pakistan
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Species-specific probes and real-time PCR as a tool for fast detection and differentiation of 15 bacteria relevant in intensive care medicine. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-011-0661-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Yang K, Jenkins DM, Su WW. Rapid concentration of bacteria using submicron magnetic anion exchangers for improving PCR-based multiplex pathogen detection. J Microbiol Methods 2011; 86:69-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2011.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2011] [Revised: 03/25/2011] [Accepted: 03/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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49
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Molecular Approaches to the Diagnosis of Sepsis. Mol Microbiol 2011. [DOI: 10.1128/9781555816834.ch49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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The era of molecular and other non-culture-based methods in diagnosis of sepsis. Clin Microbiol Rev 2010; 23:235-51. [PMID: 20065332 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00043-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 254] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis, a leading cause of morbidity and mortality throughout the world, is a clinical syndrome with signs and symptoms relating to an infectious event and the consequent important inflammatory response. From a clinical point of view, sepsis is a continuous process ranging from systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) to multiple-organ-dysfunction syndrome (MODS). Blood cultures are the current "gold standard" for diagnosis, and they are based on the detection of viable microorganisms present in blood. However, on some occasions, blood cultures have intrinsic limitations in terms of sensitivity and rapidity, and it is not expected that these drawbacks will be overcome by significant improvements in the near future. For these principal reasons, other approaches are therefore needed in association with blood culture to improve the overall diagnostic yield for septic patients. These considerations have represented the rationale for the development of highly sensitive and fast laboratory methods. This review addresses non-culture-based techniques for the diagnosis of sepsis, including molecular and other non-culture-based methods. In particular, the potential clinical role for the sensitive and rapid detection of bacterial and fungal DNA in the development of new diagnostic algorithms is discussed.
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