1
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Gupta A, Lawrence SM, Fraley SI. A broad-based probe-free qPCR assay for detection and discrimination of three human herpes viruses. J Virol Methods 2023; 322:114824. [PMID: 37778538 PMCID: PMC11175599 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2023.114824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Primary infection or reactivation of latent human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) or herpes simplex viruses (HSV) 1 or 2 during pregnancy can transmit the virus in utero or during natural childbirth to the fetus. The majority of these infections are asymptomatic at birth but may present later with potentially lethal disseminated infection or meningitis (HSV), or long-term neurodevelopmental sequelae including sensorineural hearing loss or neurodevelopmental impairments (HCMV). Unfortunately, early signs and symptoms of disseminated viral infections may be misdiagnosed as bacterial sepsis. Therefore, immediate testing for viral etiologies may not be ordered or even considered by skilled clinicians. In asymptomatic HCMV infections, early detection is necessary to monitor for and treat future neurologic sequelae. In acutely ill-appearing infants, specific detection of viruses against other disease-causing agents is vital to inform correct patient management, including early administration of the correct antimicrobial(s). An ideal test should be rapid, inexpensive, require low sample volumes, and demonstrate efficacy in multiple tissue matrices to aid in timely clinical decision-making for neonatal infections. This work discusses the development of a rapid probe-free qPCR assay for HSV and HCMV that enables early and specific detection of these viruses in neonates. The assay's probe free chemistry would allow easier extension to a broad-based multiplexed pathogenic panel as compared to assays utilizing sequence-specific probes or nested PCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anshu Gupta
- Jacobs School of Engineering, Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Shelley M Lawrence
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
| | - Stephanie I Fraley
- Jacobs School of Engineering, Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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2
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de Lima LF, Ferreira AL, Awasthi S, Torres MD, Friedman HM, Cohen GH, de Araujo WR, de la Fuente-Nunez C. Rapid and accurate detection of herpes simplex virus type 2 using a low-cost electrochemical biosensor. CELL REPORTS. PHYSICAL SCIENCE 2023; 4:101513. [PMID: 38239491 PMCID: PMC10795591 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrp.2023.101513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) infection, which is almost exclusively sexually transmitted, causes genital herpes. Although this lifelong and incurable infection is extremely widespread, currently there is no readily available diagnostic device that accurately detects HSV-2 antigens to a satisfactory degree. Here, we report an ultrasensitive electrochemical device that detects HSV-2 antigens within 9 min and costs just $1 (USD) to manufacture. The electrochemical biosensor is biofunctionalized with the human cellular receptor nectin-1 and detects the glycoprotein gD2, which is present within the HSV-2 viral envelope. The performance of the device is tested in a guinea pig model that mimics human biofluids, yielding 88.9% sensitivity, 100.0% specificity, and 95.0% accuracy under these conditions, with a limit of detection of 0.019 fg mL-1 for gD2 protein and 0.057 PFU mL-1 for titered viral samples. Importantly, no cross-reactions with other viruses were detected, indicating the adequate robustness and selectivity of the sensor. Our low-cost technology could facilitate more frequent testing for HSV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas F. de Lima
- Machine Biology Group, Departments of Psychiatry and Microbiology, Institute for Biomedical Informatics, Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Departments of Bioengineering and Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Penn Institute for Computational Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Portable Chemical Sensors Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, State University of Campinas – UNICAMP, Campinas, Sã o Paulo, Brazil
- These authors contributed equally
| | - André L. Ferreira
- Machine Biology Group, Departments of Psychiatry and Microbiology, Institute for Biomedical Informatics, Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Departments of Bioengineering and Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Penn Institute for Computational Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Portable Chemical Sensors Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, State University of Campinas – UNICAMP, Campinas, Sã o Paulo, Brazil
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Sita Awasthi
- Infectious Disease Division, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Marcelo D.T. Torres
- Machine Biology Group, Departments of Psychiatry and Microbiology, Institute for Biomedical Informatics, Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Departments of Bioengineering and Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Penn Institute for Computational Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Harvey M. Friedman
- Infectious Disease Division, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Gary H. Cohen
- Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - William R. de Araujo
- Portable Chemical Sensors Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, State University of Campinas – UNICAMP, Campinas, Sã o Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cesar de la Fuente-Nunez
- Machine Biology Group, Departments of Psychiatry and Microbiology, Institute for Biomedical Informatics, Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Departments of Bioengineering and Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Penn Institute for Computational Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Lead contact
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3
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Miranda-Silva W, de Molla VC, Knebel FH, Tozetto-Mendoza TR, Arrais-Rodrigues C, Camargo AA, Braz-Silva PH, Fregnani ER. Oral shedding of herpesviruses and clinical outcomes in hematopoietic stem cell transplant patients. Oral Dis 2023; 29:815-826. [PMID: 34523191 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To characterize the oral shedding of herpes viruses in patients who underwent allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (alloHSCT) and investigate its relationship with clinical outcomes. MATERIALS AND METHODS Polymerase chain reaction and enzymatic digestion were performed to identify the oral shedding of the members of the Herpesviridae family in 31 patients. The samples were collected from the oral cavity at five timestamps. RESULTS The presence of each herpesvirus in the oral cavity was observed in 3.2%, 12.9%, 19.3%, 32.2%, 54.8% and 93.5% patients for human herpesvirus (HHV)-6A, herpes simplex virus-1, HHV-6B, cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and HHV-7, respectively. Oral shedding of herpes virus was not uncommon after alloHSCT. There was a statistically significant association between the EBV and CMV oral shedding at C1 and the cumulative incidence of acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD). The results suggested that the presence of HSV-1 at C2 was related to a relapse. The HHV-7 oral shedding at C2 suggests a possible link between relapse, progression-free survival and overall survival of the patients. CONCLUSIONS Patients who developed aGVHD showed higher CMV and EBV shedding in the oral cavity at aplasia, suggesting modifications to the pattern of immune cell response and inflammatory microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vinícius Campos de Molla
- Centro de Oncologia, Hospital Sírio-Libanes, São Paulo, Brazil.,Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Celso Arrais-Rodrigues
- Centro de Oncologia, Hospital Sírio-Libanes, São Paulo, Brazil.,Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Paulo Henrique Braz-Silva
- Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine of São Paulo, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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4
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Rabelo NN, Yoshikawa MH, Telles JPM, Coelho G, de Souza CS, de Oliveira NPG, Mendoza TRT, Braz-Silva PH, Boechat AL, Teixeira MJ, Figueiredo EG. Torque Teno virus DNA is found in the intracranial aneurysm wall-Is there a causative role? Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1047310. [PMID: 36744144 PMCID: PMC9894622 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1047310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Torque Teno virus (TTV) is a recently discovered virus with high prevalence worldwide, that has been associated with vascular diseases. The aim of this study is to investigate the prevalence of TTV molecular DNA in the intracranial aneurysm (IA) artery walls. Method Samples of IA walls were collected after microsurgical clipping from 35 patients with IA (22 ruptured/13 unruptured cases). The samples were submitted to molecular DNA extraction using the EasyMag automatized extractor and performed with Qiagen DNA extraction Minikit 250. The samples underwent PCR examination with primers for β-globin as internal control using the Nanodrop ® 2000 spectrophotometer. A quantitative (real-time) PCR with TTV-specific primers was performed. Clinical and radiological data of patients included was collected. Results TTV was detected in 15 (42.85%) cases, being 10 (45.4%) ruptured and 5 (38.4%) unruptured (p = 0.732) lesions. Multiple IAs accounted for 14 (40%) cases. Five cases (17.2%) had TTV+ and multiple aneurysms (p = 0.73). Association between presence of virus and aneurysm rupture was not statistically significant (p = 0.96). Conclusion This study demonstrated a relatively high prevalence of viral DNA in the walls of IAs. This is the first study to identify the presence of TTV DNA in IA's samples, which was found more often in ruptured lesions. This is an exploratory study, therefore, larger studies are required to clarify the relationships between inflammation, viral infection, IA formation and rupture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nícollas Nunes Rabelo
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil,*Correspondence: Nícollas Nunes Rabelo,
| | | | | | - Giselle Coelho
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Paulo Henrique Braz-Silva
- Laboratory of Virology (LIM-52), University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil,Department of Stomatology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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5
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Pereira AHB, Maruyama FH, Dutra V, Moreira SB, Pissinatti A, Ubiali DG. Spontaneous disseminated T-cell lymphoma in a buff-headed capuchin (Sapajus xanthosternos). J Med Primatol 2021; 51:179-182. [PMID: 34859452 DOI: 10.1111/jmp.12558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Reports of spontaneous hematopoietic neoplasms in Platyrrhines species are scarce. We present the gross, histological, and immunohistochemical findings of disseminated T-cell lymphoma in a male 25-year-old Sapajus xanthosternos kept in a Brazilian conservation center. No molecular evidence of betaherpesvirus or gammaherpesvirus was associated with the occurrence of this neoplasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asheley Henrique Barbosa Pereira
- Pathological Anatomy Sector (SAP), Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Veterinary Institute, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Harumi Maruyama
- Microbiology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Valéria Dutra
- Microbiology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | | | - Alcides Pissinatti
- Rio de Janeiro Primatology Center (CPRJ/INEA), Guapimirim, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Serra dos Órgãos University Center, Teresópolis, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Daniel Guimarães Ubiali
- Pathological Anatomy Sector (SAP), Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Veterinary Institute, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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6
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Rabelo NN, Samaia da Silva Coelho AC, Telles JPM, Coelho G, de Souza CS, Tozetto-Mendoza TR, Galvani de Oliveira NP, Braz-Silva PH, Teixeira MJ, Figueiredo EG. Human herpesvirus DNA occurrence in intracranial aneurysmal wall: illustrative case. JOURNAL OF NEUROSURGERY: CASE LESSONS 2021; 2:CASE21301. [PMID: 35855086 PMCID: PMC9265188 DOI: 10.3171/case21301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Subarachnoid hemorrhages secondary to intracranial aneurysms (IAs) are events of high mortality. These neurological vascular diseases arise from local and systemic inflammation that culminates in vessel wall changes. They may also have a possible relationship with chronic viral infections, such as human herpesvirus (HHV), and especially Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), which causes several medical conditions. This is the first description of the presence of HHV deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) in a patient with IA. OBSERVATIONS A 61-year-old woman with a downgraded level of consciousness underwent radiological examinations that identified a 10-mm ruptured aneurysm in the anterior communicating artery. A microsurgery clip was performed to definitively treat the aneurysm and occurred without surgical complications. Molecular analysis of the material obtained revealed the presence of EBV DNA in the aneurysm wall. The patient died 21 days after admission due to clinical complications and brain swelling. LESSONS This is the first description of the presence of herpesvirus DNA in a patient with IA, presented in 2.8% of our data. These findings highlight that viral infection may contribute to the pathophysiology and is an additional risk factor for IA formation, progression, and rupture by modulating vessel wall inflammation and structural changes in chronic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Caio Santos de Souza
- Laboratory of Virology (LIM-52), Institute of Tropical Medicine of São Paulo, School of Medicine, and
| | | | | | - Paulo Henrique Braz-Silva
- Laboratory of Virology (LIM-52), Institute of Tropical Medicine of São Paulo, School of Medicine, and
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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7
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Costa ALF, Santos BA, Torregrossa VR, Miranda ECM, Vigorito AC, Palmieri M, Ricardo ALF, Sarmento DJS, Mamana AC, Tozetto-Mendoza TR, Correa MEP, Braz-Silva PH. Oral shedding of CMV and HSV-1 in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation patients. Oral Dis 2020; 27:1572-1579. [PMID: 33085827 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the oral shedding of herpesviruses in patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and correlate it with oral mucositis (OM). METHODS Saliva samples were collected before the HSCT and on day D + 8. Multiplex Polymerse Chain Reaction (PCR) was performed to detect herpes simplex virus (HSV)-1 and HSV-2, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), Cytomegalovirus (CMV), Variella-zoster virus (VZV), and human herpesvirus (HHV)-6, HHV-7, and HHV-8. OM was assessed according to WHO criteria. RESULTS Thirty one patients were enrolled, in which 20 of 31 (64.5%) were males; median age was 50 (21-70) years; 16 of 31 (51.6%) underwent allo-HSCT; and 15 of 31 (48.4%) underwent auto-HSCT. On D + 8, OM grades III and IV were observed in 8 of 31 (25.8%) patients. In the first salivary collection, EBV was found in 24 of 31 (77.4%), followed by HHV-6 (7/31, 22.6%) and HHV-7 (8/31 25.8%). In the second collection, EBV was found in 24 of 27(89%), followed by HSV-1 (8/27, 30%) and CMV, HHV-6, and HHV-7 (5/27, 18.5%, each one). On D + 8, OM grades II and IV were associated with the presence of HSV-1. HSV-1 was also associated with worsening degrees of OM on D + 15. CONCLUSION The presence of HSV-1 and CMV in oral samples was more frequent on day D + 8 after HSCT. HSV-1 detection was associated with severity and worsening of OM. HSV-1 and CMV seem to be associated with oral dysbiosis due to HSCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andre L F Costa
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Cruzeiro Do Sul University (UNICSUL), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruna A Santos
- Hematology and Hemotherapy Center, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | | | - Eliana C M Miranda
- Hematology and Hemotherapy Center, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Afonso C Vigorito
- Hematology and Hemotherapy Center, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Michelle Palmieri
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana L F Ricardo
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Cruzeiro Do Sul University (UNICSUL), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dmitry J S Sarmento
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, State University of Paraíba, Araruna, Brazil
| | - Ana C Mamana
- Laboratory of Virology (LIM-52), Institute of Tropical Medicine of São Paulo, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tania R Tozetto-Mendoza
- Laboratory of Virology (LIM-52), Institute of Tropical Medicine of São Paulo, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M Elvira P Correa
- Hematology and Hemotherapy Center, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Paulo H Braz-Silva
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil.,Laboratory of Virology (LIM-52), Institute of Tropical Medicine of São Paulo, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
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8
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Sarmento DJDS, Tozetto-Mendoza TR, de Souza ACMF, Maciel R, Paiao H, Lima SH, Cristelli M, Pestana JOMDA, Braz-Silva PH, Gallottini M. Herpesviruses oral shedding and viremia in renal transplant recipients: A longitudinal study. Transpl Infect Dis 2020; 22:e13330. [PMID: 32418331 DOI: 10.1111/tid.13330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2019] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective was to assess the oral shedding and viremia of human herpesviruses in renal transplant recipients. METHODS This is a cohort study in which the participants were examined in three different periods: the first within 24 hours before renal transplantation and the second and third ones 15-20 and 45-60 days after the transplantation. Mouthwash and blood samples were collected in each period and then submitted to screening for the presence of eight types of human herpesviruses by using multiplex PCR. RESULTS HSV-1 and EBV were more frequent in the saliva after renal transplantation, 15- to 20-day period after the transplant. EBV was found in the saliva of 26 (35.6%) patients before renal transplantation and in 56.2% and 46.6% of them, in the 15- to 20-day and 45- to 60-day periods after the transplant, respectively. High detection rates (75.3%-78.1%) were found for HHV-7 despite the lack of significant variations between the study periods. There was no concordance between herpesviruses oral shedding and viremia. CONCLUSION We concluded that the pattern of excretion of HSV-1 and EBV in saliva is changed immediately after renal transplantation, increasing in the 15- to 20-day period after the transplant surgery. No concordance between herpesviruses oral shedding and viremia was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tânia Regina Tozetto-Mendoza
- Laboratory of Virology, School of Medicine, Institute of Tropical Medicine of São Paulo, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Rafael Maciel
- Division of Renal Transplantation, Social Institute of Healthcare, Campina Grande, Brazil
| | - Heuder Paiao
- Laboratory of Virology, School of Medicine, Institute of Tropical Medicine of São Paulo, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Silvia Helena Lima
- Laboratory of Virology, School of Medicine, Institute of Tropical Medicine of São Paulo, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marina Cristelli
- Division of Renal Transplantation, Kidney and Hypertension Hospital, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Paulo Henrique Braz-Silva
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Laboratory of Virology, School of Medicine, Institute of Tropical Medicine of São Paulo, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marina Gallottini
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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9
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La Selva A, Negreiros RM, Bezerra DT, Rosa EP, Pavesi VCS, Navarro RS, Bello-Silva MS, Ramalho KM, Aranha ACC, Braz-Silva PH, Fernandes KPS, Bussadori SK, Horliana ACRT. Treatment of herpes labialis by photodynamic therapy: Study protocol clinical trial (SPIRIT compliant). Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e19500. [PMID: 32195950 PMCID: PMC7220348 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000019500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lesions of herpes labialis are caused by the herpes simplex virus type 1 and cause pain and aesthetic compromise. It is characterized by the formation of small vesicles that coalesce and rupture forming extremely painful ulcers, that evolve to crusts, dry desquamations until their complete remission. Currently the treatment of these lesions is done with acyclovir. Although it diminishes the symptomatology, it causes viral resistance and does not prevent the recurrence of the lesions. It is known that antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) has numerous advantages, among them: the reduction of the time of remission, and does not cause resistance. This protocol will determine the effectiveness of PDT in lesions of herpes labialis. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 30 patients with herpes labialis in the prodromal stage of vesicles, ulcers, and crusts will be selected to participate in the study and randomized into 2 groups: G1 control and G2 experimental. After signing Research Ethics Committee and TA, patients in group G1 will undergo the standard gold treatment for herpes labialis with acyclovir and simulated PDT treatment. Patients in the experimental G2 group will be treated simulating the gold standard treatment of herpes labialis (placebo) and PDT. In all patients, saliva samples will be collected for analysis of cytokines, and will be performed exfoliative cytology in the lesions. The pain will be assessed through a pain scale and a questionnaire of quality of life related to oral health (OHIP-14) will be given to them. Patients will continue to be followed up after 7 days, 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months; if there is a recurrence of the lesion, they will contact the researchers.Clinical registration: clinicaltrials.gov - NCT04037475. Registered on July 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreia La Selva
- Postgraduate Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho, UNINOVE
| | - Renata Matalon Negreiros
- Postgraduate Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho, UNINOVE
| | - Daniela Teixeira Bezerra
- Postgraduate Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho, UNINOVE
| | - Ellen Perin Rosa
- Postgraduate Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho, UNINOVE
| | | | - Ricardo Scarparo Navarro
- Postgraduate Program in Bioengineering and Biomedical Engineering, School of Dentistry, Universidade Brasil
| | - Marina Stella Bello-Silva
- International Academy of Lasers in Dentistry
- Laser Special Laboratory in Dentistry, LELO, School of Dentistry, University of Sao Paulo
| | - Karen Müller Ramalho
- Laser Special Laboratory in Dentistry, LELO, School of Dentistry, University of Sao Paulo
- Post Graduate Program of Dental Sciences, University Ibirapuera
| | - Ana Cecília Corrêa Aranha
- Laser Special Laboratory in Dentistry, LELO, School of Dentistry, University of Sao Paulo
- Department of Dentistry School of Dentistry, University of Sao Paulo
| | - Paulo Henrique Braz-Silva
- Division of Pathology, Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of Sao Paulo
- Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine of Sao Paulo, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Sandra Kalil Bussadori
- Postgraduate Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho, UNINOVE
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10
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Cameron JE, Dennis DC, Herrel NR, Chapple AG, Hagensee ME. Risk of abnormal cervical cytology in HIV-infected women testing positive for both human papillomavirus and Epstein-Barr virus in genital tract specimens. Cancer Causes Control 2020; 31:365-375. [PMID: 32112173 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-020-01287-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Although infection with high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) is a prerequisite for cervical cancer development, HPV infection is not sufficient to promote cancer in the majority of infected women. We tested the hypothesis that human herpesviruses might cooperate with HPV to promote the development of cervical dysplasia, an early indicator of cervical cancer development. METHODS This study used archived specimens from a cohort of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-seropositive women seeking gynecological care at the Medical Center of New Orleans, Louisiana. Viral DNA was detected by PCR amplification and risk of abnormal cervical cytology was determined in relation to virus test results. RESULTS Consensus human herpesvirus PCR with herpes speciation by restriction endonuclease digestion revealed Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) to be the most prevalent herpesvirus in cervicovaginal lavage specimens. Further analysis using an EBV-specific PCR assay and cervical swab specimens demonstrated an approximately fourfold increased risk of abnormal cervical cytology in women testing positive for cervical EBV and high-risk HPV compared to women testing positive for high-risk HPV alone. This relationship was independent of markers of advancing HIV disease. CONCLUSION Cervical shedding of EBV appears to predict a greater risk of cervical dysplasia in HIV-infected women with a high-risk HPV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer E Cameron
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1901 Perdido St., New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA. .,The Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA.
| | - D'Antoni C Dennis
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1901 Perdido St., New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.,North Oaks Physician Group LLC, 15818 Paul Vega MD Drive, Suite 301, Hammond, LA, 70403, USA
| | - Nicholas R Herrel
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1901 Perdido St., New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.,Cantor Colburn, LLC, 20 Church Street, 22nd Floor, Hartford, CT, 06103, USA
| | - Andrew G Chapple
- Biostatistics Program, School of Public Health, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Michael E Hagensee
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA.,The Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
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11
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Pallos D, Ruivo GF, Ferrari-Junior SH, Pannuti CS, Perozini C, Sarmento DJS, Palmieri M, Souza ACMF, Tozetto-Mendoza TR, Doglio A, Braz-Silva PH. Periodontal disease and detection of human herpesviruses in saliva and gingival crevicular fluid of chronic kidney disease patients. J Periodontol 2020; 91:1139-1147. [PMID: 32012280 DOI: 10.1002/jper.19-0583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have inability to maintain the normal levels of protein metabolism products, blood pressure and hematocrit. Periodontal disease involves an inflammatory destructive process. Identification of opportunistic viruses is extremely important as they are associated with co-morbidities. The objective of this study was to analyse the presence of human herpesviruses in saliva and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) from patients with CKD. METHODS One hundred and thirty one individuals were divided depending on the stage of CKD: Group 1 (clearance of creatinine > 75 mL/min) patients with no renal disease (n = 24); Group 2 (clearance of creatinine of 11-75 mL/min) patients with renal disease (n = 67); Group 3 (clearance of creatinine < 10 mL/min) patients on hemodialysis (n = 40). The parameters of periodontal disease were evaluated. The viral detection was assessed by PCR. RESULTS considering the three groups, the prevalence of herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) were 9% in saliva and 5% in GCF; Epstein-Barr virus 36% in saliva and 39% in GCF; human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) 11% in GCF; varicella zoster virus 6% in saliva and 3% in GCF; of human herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6) 6% in saliva and 2% in GCF; and HHV-7 44% in saliva and 8% in GCF. Of these patients, 46.48% presented with severe periodontitis. A statistically significant association between HSV-1 and HCMV was found in hemodialysis patients and severe periodontitis was also more frequent among them. CONCLUSION These findings show the importance of evaluating the periodontal disease and detecting herpesviruses in patients with CKD as the inflammatory process observed in these clinical conditions may worsen the course of both periodontal disease and CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debora Pallos
- Department of Dentistry, University of Santo Amaro, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gilson F Ruivo
- Department of Medicine, University of Taubate, Taubate, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Claudio S Pannuti
- Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine of São Paulo, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Caroline Perozini
- Department of Medicine, University of Taubate, Taubate, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dmitry J S Sarmento
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Michelle Palmieri
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana C M F Souza
- Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine of São Paulo, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tania R Tozetto-Mendoza
- Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine of São Paulo, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alain Doglio
- Laboratory MICORALIS (Microbiologie Orale, Immunité et Santé) School of Dentistry, University of Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - Paulo H Braz-Silva
- Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine of São Paulo, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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12
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Brief Report: Low Rates of Herpesvirus Detection in Blood of Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Controls. J Autism Dev Disord 2019; 49:410-414. [PMID: 30047098 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-018-3691-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Previous research indicates that infection, especially from viruses in the family Herpesviridae, may play a role in the etiology of some cases of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Using a case-control design and the polymerase chain reaction with site-specific primers, we screened newborn and childhood blood samples for the presence of eight human herpesviruses. Herpesvirus DNA was detected in 4 of 225 ASD individuals and 2 of 235 controls, with the most frequently detected virus being HHV-6B. Although this study does not detect a significant ASD-Herpesviridae association, it is limited by the use of site-specific primers. We suggest that new techniques using bioinformatics to search next-generation sequencing databases will be more revealing of possible ASD-virus associations.
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13
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Marques Filho JS, Gobara J, da Silva Salomao GV, Sumita LM, Shibli JA, Viana RG, Schwartz Filho HO, Pannuti CS, Braz-Silva PH, Pallos D. Cytokine Levels and Human Herpesviruses in Saliva from Clinical Periodontal Healthy Subjects with Peri-Implantitis: A Case-Control Study. Mediators Inflamm 2018; 2018:6020625. [PMID: 30158834 PMCID: PMC6109554 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6020625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the presence of cytokines (IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, MCP-1, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, and TNF-α) and human herpesvirus (HSV1, HSV2, EBV, CMV, VZV, HHV6, HHV7, and HHV8) in saliva samples taken from subjects with and without peri-implantitis. Forty-two periodontally healthy subjects were divided according to peri-implant condition: healthy and peri-implantitis groups. The clinical parameters as probing depth, clinical attachment level, plaque index, gingival bleeding, bleeding on probing, and suppuration were evaluated. For cytokine detection, multiplex analysis was performed, and PCR assay was used to identify herpesviruses. No significant differences were found in cytokine levels between groups (p > 0.05). The presence of herpesvirus was 1.97-fold higher in patients with peri-implantitis (odds ratio, CI 0.52-7.49). The association of the presence or absence of herpesvirus with the salivary markers was statistically significant for MIP-1β (p = 0.0087) and TNF-α (p = 0.0437) only in the peri-implantitis group. The presence of herpesviruses in patients with peri-implantitis suggests the development of a proinflammatory environment, which is characterized by increased expression of MIP-1β and TNF-α in saliva.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jorge Gobara
- Department of Dentistry, University Santo Amaro, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Vargas da Silva Salomao
- Division of General Pathology, Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Laura M. Sumita
- Department of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine of São Paulo, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Jamil A. Shibli
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Implantology, University of Guarulhos, Guarulhos, SP, Brazil
| | - Renato G. Viana
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Implantology, University of Guarulhos, Guarulhos, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Claudio Sergio Pannuti
- Department of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine of São Paulo, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Paulo Henrique Braz-Silva
- Division of General Pathology, Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Department of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine of São Paulo, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Debora Pallos
- Department of Dentistry, University Santo Amaro, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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14
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Cheung CSY, Jekielek A, Bakshi N, Muni R, Altomare F, Giavedoni L, Berger A, Matukas LM, Wong D, Derzko-Dzulynsky L. Clinical features of infectious posterior segment uveitis. Can J Ophthalmol 2018; 53:425-431. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcjo.2017.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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15
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Sarmento DJDS, Caliento R, Souza AOD, Tozetto-Mendoza TR, Palmieri M, Martins VADO, Braz-Silva PH, Gallottini M. Salivary shedding of herpesviruses in renal transplant recipients. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 9:e12356. [DOI: 10.1111/jicd.12356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Rubens Caliento
- Department of Stomatology; School of Dentistry; University of São Paulo; São Paulo Brazil
| | | | | | - Michelle Palmieri
- Department of Stomatology; School of Dentistry; University of São Paulo; São Paulo Brazil
| | | | - Paulo Henrique Braz-Silva
- Department of Stomatology; School of Dentistry; University of São Paulo; São Paulo Brazil
- Institute of Tropical Medicine of São Paulo; Univerity of São Paulo; São Paulo Brazil
| | - Marina Gallottini
- Department of Stomatology; School of Dentistry; University of São Paulo; São Paulo Brazil
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Govekar S, Anand S, Lakshman LP, Vasanthapuram R, Banda RV. Syndrome Evaluation System for Simultaneous Detection Pathogens Causing Acute Encephalitic Syndrome in India, Part-1: Development and Standardization of the Assay. Front Med (Lausanne) 2018; 5:208. [PMID: 30140675 PMCID: PMC6094979 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2018.00208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A large number of organisms are known to cause acute encephalitic syndrome (AES). A number of diagnostic tests have to be performed in order to arrive at a probable pathogen causing AES thus making it a very time consuming, laborious and expensive. The problem is further compounded by the lack of availability of sufficient volume of Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Thus, there is an urgent need of a diagnostic tool for the simultaneous detection of all probable pathogens responsible for causing AES. Here we report the development of a novel diagnostic method, Syndrome Evaluation System (SES) for the simultaneous detection of 22 pathogens including RNA and DNA Viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasite all endemic to India and Southeast Asia in a single sample using a novel multiplexing strategy. Syndrome Evaluation System (SES) involves isolation of nucleic acid, multiplex amplification of the DNA, and cDNA followed by identification of the amplified product by sequence specific hybridization on SES platform with the final read out being a visually recordable colored signal. The total time required to carry out this diagnostic procedure is 7 h. The SES was standardized using the commercially available vaccines, panels and cell culture grown quantified viruses/bacteria/fungi. The limit of detection (LOD) of SES ranged between 0.1 and 50 viral particles per ml of CSF and 100 to 200 bacterial cells or 5 parasites per ml of CSF, along with 100% specificity. Precision studies carried out as per the Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments (CLIA) guidelines, using two concentrations of each pathogen one the LOD and the other double the LOD, clearly demonstrated, that inter/intra assay variability was within the limits prescribed by the guidelines. SES is a rapid molecular diagnostic tool for simultaneous identification of 22 etiological agents of AES encountered both in sporadic and outbreak settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Govekar
- Research and Development, XCyton Diagnostics Limited, Bangalore, India
| | - Siddharth Anand
- Research and Development, XCyton Diagnostics Limited, Bangalore, India
| | - Latha P Lakshman
- Research and Development, XCyton Diagnostics Limited, Bangalore, India
| | - Ravi Vasanthapuram
- Department of Neurovirology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Ravikumar V Banda
- Research and Development, XCyton Diagnostics Limited, Bangalore, India
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Palmieri M, Ornaghi M, Martins VADO, Correa L, Brandao TB, Ribeiro ACDP, Sumita LM, Tozetto-Mendoza TR, Pannuti CS, Braz-Silva PH. Oral shedding of human herpesviruses in patients undergoing radiotherapy/chemotherapy for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma is not affected by xerostomia. J Oral Microbiol 2018; 10:1476643. [PMID: 29868164 PMCID: PMC5974707 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2018.1476643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Xerostomia is a very relevant and frequent complication of radiotherapy, causing the irradiated oral mucosa to be affected by bacterial, fungal and viral infections. Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate a possible relationship between oral shedding of human herpesviruses and xerostomia in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck submitted to radio/chemotherapy. Methods: In this study, oral rinse samples were collected weekly from 20 patients during radiotherapy. The samples were submitted to PCR and enzymatic digestion for detection of human herpesviruses. Xerostomia was evaluated according to the Seminars in Radiation Oncology criteria. Results: There was a higher frequency of grade 1 xerostomia (51.4%), observed first in the 1st week of radiotherapy. In the 4th week of radiotherapy, all patients presented some degree of xerostomia. Analysis of herpesviruses showed oral shedding of EBV, HHV-6 and HHV-7 in all weeks. Considering all the periods, the highest frequency was in patients with EBV excretion (55.0%), which was significantly higher than that of other viruses. Conclusion: We observed that oral shedding of herpesviruses was not affected by xerostomia as there was a progression in their excretion, even with the evolution of xerostomia. This suggested that there is a local replication in the oral cavity that is not completely dependent of salivary excretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Palmieri
- Division of Pathology, Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariana Ornaghi
- Division of Pathology, Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Luciana Correa
- Division of Pathology, Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thais Bianca Brandao
- Division of Dentistry, Instituto do Cancer do Estado de Sao Paulo Octavio Frias de Oliveira, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Laura Masami Sumita
- Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine of Sao Paulo, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Claudio Sergio Pannuti
- Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine of Sao Paulo, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulo Henrique Braz-Silva
- Division of Pathology, Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.,Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine of Sao Paulo, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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18
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de Santana Sarmento DJ, Tozetto-Mendoza TR, Masami Sumita L, Pierroti LC, Pallos D, Caliento R, Palmieri M, de Oliveira Martins VA, Gallottini M, Pannuti CS, Braz-Silva PH. Oral shedding of human herpesviruses in renal transplant recipients. Clin Oral Investig 2017; 22:885-891. [PMID: 28669106 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-017-2166-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the shedding profile of human herpesviruses in the saliva of renal transplant recipients. METHODS This is a prospective case-control study of 50 renal transplant recipients and control group of 50 individuals (non-transplanted and immunocompetent). Mouthwash samples were collected via oral rinse and then submitted to screening for the presence of eight types of herpesviruses by using multiplex PCR. Fisher's exact, chi-square, and Student t tests were used for statistical analysis, and the significance level was set at 5%. RESULTS The mean age of the study group was 49.42 ± 12.94 years, 28/50 (56%) were female, and the time elapsed after transplantation was 68.20 ± 67.19 months. Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) (P = 0.025) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) (P = 0.024) were, statistically, more excreted in the saliva of renal transplant recipients compared to control group. Gender (P = 1.00) and age (P = 0.563) did not influence the salivary shedding of herpesviruses in renal transplant recipients. Individuals who excreted varicella-zoster virus in saliva had a shorter mean time of transplantation (22:00 + 2.82 months) (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION Renal transplant recipients excreted herpesviruses more often than controls, especially HSV-1 and EBV, with salivary shedding of herpesviruses being more frequent in patients with recent kidney transplantation. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The present findings support other longitudinal studies evaluating the relationship between oral shedding of human herpesviruses and clinical presence of active infection and renal transplant failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry José de Santana Sarmento
- Division of Pathology, Department of Stomatology, University of São Paulo School of Dentistry, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2227 - Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Tânia Regina Tozetto-Mendoza
- Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of São Paulo, Av. Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 470 - Jd. América, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Laura Masami Sumita
- Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of São Paulo, Av. Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 470 - Jd. América, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ligia Camara Pierroti
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455 - Cerqueira César, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Débora Pallos
- Department of Dentistry, University of Santo Amaro, Rua Professor Enéas de Siqueira Neto, 340 - Santo Amaro, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Rubens Caliento
- Division of Pathology, Department of Stomatology, University of São Paulo School of Dentistry, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2227 - Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Michelle Palmieri
- Division of Pathology, Department of Stomatology, University of São Paulo School of Dentistry, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2227 - Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Victor Adriano de Oliveira Martins
- Division of Pathology, Department of Stomatology, University of São Paulo School of Dentistry, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2227 - Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marina Gallottini
- Division of Pathology, Department of Stomatology, University of São Paulo School of Dentistry, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2227 - Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Claudio Sergio Pannuti
- Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of São Paulo, Av. Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 470 - Jd. América, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Paulo Henrique Braz-Silva
- Division of Pathology, Department of Stomatology, University of São Paulo School of Dentistry, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2227 - Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. .,Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of São Paulo, Av. Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 470 - Jd. América, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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19
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Pöhlmann S, Suntz M, Akimkin V, Bleyer M, Kaul A. Herpes B virus replication and viral lesions in the liver of a cynomolgus macaque which died from severe disease with rapid onset. J Med Primatol 2017; 46:256-259. [PMID: 28439900 DOI: 10.1111/jmp.12269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Herpes B virus (BV, Macacine alphaherpesvirus 1) infects macaques asymptomatically, with rare exceptions, but can cause fatal encephalitis in humans. Here, we report disseminated BV infection in a cynomolgus macaque that had died within 12 hour after the onset of unspecific symptoms. Multifocal lesions surrounded by viral antigen were detected in liver while other organs remained inconspicuous, indicating that the liver is a major target. Moreover, high copy numbers of viral DNA were found in feces, underlining the excrements are a potential source of transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Pöhlmann
- Infection Biology Unit, German Primate Center, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Michael Suntz
- Chemical and Veterinary Investigations Office Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Valerij Akimkin
- Chemical and Veterinary Investigations Office Stuttgart, Fellbach, Germany
| | - Martina Bleyer
- Pathology Unit, German Primate Center, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Artur Kaul
- Infection Biology Unit, German Primate Center, Göttingen, Germany
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20
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Palmieri M, Martins VADO, Sumita LM, Tozetto-Mendoza TR, Romano BB, Machado CM, Pannuti CS, Brandão TB, Ribeiro ACP, Corrêa L, Braz-Silva PH. Oral shedding of human herpesviruses in patients undergoing radiotherapy/chemotherapy treatment for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Clin Oral Investig 2016; 21:2291-2301. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-016-2022-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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21
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Patrick K, Ali M, Richardson SE, Gassas A, Egeler M, Krueger J, Lowry J, Allen U, Schechter T. The yield of monitoring for HSV and VZV viremia in pediatric hematopoietic stem cell transplant patients. Pediatr Transplant 2015; 19:640-4. [PMID: 26148054 DOI: 10.1111/petr.12551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Reactivation of HSV and VZV is common following HSCT. Consensus guidelines do not support the use of routine screening for viremia following HSCT in adults, but no such clear guidelines exist in pediatrics. In our center, routine practice was to screen patients weekly for HSV and VZV viremia until engraftment in autologous transplant patients and up to day +100 in allogeneic transplant patients. We conducted a retrospective study of over 500 patients to establish whether this screening identified any patients with HSV or VZV viremia who would not have been identified by clinical signs or symptoms. Over a 4.5-yr period, routine screening identified three cases of HSV viremia and one case of VZV viremia. Two patients had persistent, unexplained fever and two patients had skin or mucosal lesions suggestive of HSV/VZV. We conclude that routine screening for HSV and VZV viremia in pediatric HSCT patients has a very low yield and that viremia can be reliably identified by targeted testing in patients with vesicular skin lesions, oral or genital ulceration, unexplained fever, neurological symptoms, or unexplained abnormal liver transaminases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharine Patrick
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Muhammad Ali
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Susan E Richardson
- Department of Paediatric Laboratory Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Adam Gassas
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Maarten Egeler
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Joerg Krueger
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jane Lowry
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Upton Allen
- The Division of Infectious Diseases, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Tal Schechter
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
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22
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Chen S, Malik KJ, Shen D, Chan CC. Acute Retinal Necrosis with Multiple Viral Infections: A Case Report. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMIC PATHOLOGY 2015; 3:1000151. [PMID: 25584358 PMCID: PMC4288818 DOI: 10.4172/2324-8599.1000151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A 52-year-old male presented with acute retinal necrosis in his left eye. Slit lamp examination revealed stellate keratic precipitates and cells in the anterior chamber and vitreous. Funduscopy of his left eye revealed multiple yellow deposits. Pathological examination of the vitreous showed both small, reactive lymphocytes and a few macrophages. IL-6 and IFN-γ were elevated in the vitreous. Microdissected macrophages from the vitreous revealed DNAs from multiple viruses. The patient responded to oral valacyclovir. We conclude that multiple viral infections can be involved in the pathogenesis of acute retinal necrosis and that adequate anti-viral therapy has a beneficial effect on disease progression. However, retinal detachment can be a consequence for a poor visual outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shida Chen
- Immunopathology Section, Laboratory of Immunology, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA
- Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Defen Shen
- Immunopathology Section, Laboratory of Immunology, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA
| | - Chi-Chao Chan
- Immunopathology Section, Laboratory of Immunology, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA
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Bhimrao SK, Maguire J, Garnis C, Tang P, Lea J, Akagami R, Westerberg BD. Lack of Association between Human Herpesvirus and Vestibular Schwannoma. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2015; 152:513-7. [DOI: 10.1177/0194599814563517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective To assess for the presence of human herpesvirus (HHV) using immunohistochemical and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay in surgically excised vestibular schwannoma (VS) samples. Study Design Cross-sectional study. Setting A retrospective laboratory-based study of tumors from patients with vestibular schwannoma. Subjects and Methods Tissue microarrays (TMAs) representing sporadic and NF2-associated VS from 121 patients, as well as appropriate positive and negative controls, were studied. TMA sections were immunostained using antibodies directed against HHV-1, HHV-2, HHV-3, HHV-4, HHV-5, and HHV-8. PCR was used for the detection of all 8 known human herpesviruses. Results There was no detectable HHV (HHV-1, HHV-2, HHV-3, HHV-4, HHV-5, HHV-8) by immunohistochemistry in any of the 121 cases of sporadic and NF2 cases analyzed. These data were further validated by DNA sequence analyses using PCR in a subset of the VS samples, all of which were found to be negative for all HHV. Conclusions The data offer no support for an association between HHV and the development of sporadic or NF2-associated VS in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjiv K. Bhimrao
- Division of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - John Maguire
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Division of Neuropathology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Cathie Garnis
- Division of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Patrick Tang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Jane Lea
- Division of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Ryojo Akagami
- Division of Neurosurgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Brian D. Westerberg
- Division of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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Nahar S, Ahmed MU, Safavieh M, Rochette A, Toro C, Zourob M. A flexible and low-cost polypropylene pouch for naked-eye detection of herpes simplex viruses. Analyst 2015; 140:931-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c4an01701c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Effective viral detection is a key goal in the development of point of care (POC) diagnostic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharifun Nahar
- Institut national de la recherche scientifique
- Énergie, Matériaux et Télécommunications (INRS-EMT)
- Université du Québec
- Varennes
- Canada
| | | | - Mohammadali Safavieh
- Institut national de la recherche scientifique
- Énergie, Matériaux et Télécommunications (INRS-EMT)
- Université du Québec
- Varennes
- Canada
| | - Annie Rochette
- Institut national de la recherche scientifique
- Institut Armand-Frappier (INRS-IAF)
- Université du Québec
- Laval
- Canada
| | - Carla Toro
- Centre of Biomedical Engineering
- Vincent Building
- Cranfield University
- UK
| | - Mohammed Zourob
- Centre of Biomedical Engineering
- Vincent Building
- Cranfield University
- UK
- Department of Chemistry
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Simbiri KO, Jha HC, Kayembe MK, Kovarik C, Robertson ES. Oncogenic viruses associated with vulva cancer in HIV-1 patients in Botswana. Infect Agent Cancer 2014; 9:28. [PMID: 25225572 PMCID: PMC4164322 DOI: 10.1186/1750-9378-9-28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Accepted: 07/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Oncoviruses such as HPV, KSHV, and EBV have been reported in patients with HIV infection and AIDS. How oncovirus-associated cancers rise in AIDS patients has not been fully established. The purpose of our study was to identify the viral agents in vulvar cancer and to assess their contribution to pathogenesis. Method We retrospectively identified a total of 13 vulva tissue samples from HIV-1 positive and 9 vulvar samples from HIV-1 negative patients from the Botswana National Health Laboratory in Gaborone, Botswana, a Southern African country with a high incidence of HIV. We utilized PCR and IHC to identify HPV, EBV, KSHV, and JC virus in FFPE preserved tissue samples. Results Using the GP5+/GP6+ primer set we detected several HPV types in tissue samples. EBV was detected in all of the positive cases (100%) and in most of the negative cases (89%). KSHV was detected in 39% of the HIV-1 positive samples and in 11% of the negative samples, and no JC virus was detected in any of the samples. Using IHC we demonstrated that LANA was expressed in 61% of the positive samples and in 44% of the negative samples. The ubiquitous EBV was more consistently expressed in negative cases (100%) than in positive cases (69%). Interestingly, the HPV-16 E6 transcript was detected in 56% of the negative samples compared to 31% of the positive samples. However, the cell cycle protein P21 used as a surrogate marker for HPV was detected in 77% of the positive samples and in 44% of the negative samples, while VEGF signals were similar in both positive (92%) and negative samples (89%). Conclusion Our study, suggests that in Botswana, vulvar squamous cell carcinoma (VSCC) is associated with oncogenic viruses present in the niche but the contribution and progression may be regulated by HPV and other immunosuppressive infections that include HIV-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth O Simbiri
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Upstate Medical University, R2120A, Weiskotten Hall, 750 East Adams Street, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Hem C Jha
- Department of Microbiology, Abramson Cancer Center, Tumor Virology Program, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 202A Johnson Pavilion, 3610 Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6076, USA
| | | | - Carrie Kovarik
- Botswana-University of Pennsylvania Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana ; Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Erle S Robertson
- Department of Microbiology, Abramson Cancer Center, Tumor Virology Program, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 202A Johnson Pavilion, 3610 Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6076, USA
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Schwartz KL, Richardson SE, Ward KN, Donaldson C, MacGregor D, Banwell B, Mahant S, Bitnun A. Delayed primary HHV-7 infection and neurologic disease. Pediatrics 2014; 133:e1541-7. [PMID: 24819578 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2013-3344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary human herpesvirus 7 (HHV-7) infection occurs almost universally during the first 5 years of life and is rarely accompanied by central nervous system (CNS) symptoms such as febrile seizures. The present retrospective study investigated the role of primary HHV-7 infection in CNS disease in children, including adolescents. METHODS The study included all children who had neurologic disease aged younger than 18 years seen at the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada, between April 1, 1998 and December 31, 2011, whose cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was found by polymerase chain reaction to contain HHV-7 DNA. Where sera were available, HHV-7 IgG antibody titers and avidity were measured to differentiate primary from past infection. RESULTS HHV-7 DNA was detected in the CSF of 57 (1.9%) of the 2972 children tested. In 3 adolescents primary HHV-7 infection (low avidity IgG) was confirmed as the cause of neurologic disease, 2 who had encephalitis and 1 who had Guillain-Barré syndrome. Eighteen children had possible HHV-7 disease (no alternative cause identified and indeterminate antibody result or serum not available), 7 encephalitis, 8 meningitis, and 3 demyelinating disorders. HHV-7 disease was excluded in 36 children on the basis of past infection (high IgG avidity) and/or an alternative cause. CONCLUSIONS Primary HHV-7 infection delayed into adolescence can cause serious neurologic disease. HHV-7 DNA in CSF alone is insufficient to prove an etiologic association. Combining CSF polymerase chain reaction with serology is essential to prove primary infection when investigating HHV-7 CNS disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Susan E Richardson
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Paediatric Laboratory Medicine, and
| | - Katherine N Ward
- Virus Reference Department, Health Protection Agency Microbiology Service Division, London, United Kingdom;Department of Infection, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, United Kingdom; and
| | - Callum Donaldson
- Department of Infection, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, United Kingdom; and
| | | | - Brenda Banwell
- Department of Pediatrics Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PennsylvaniaResearch Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Sanjay Mahant
- Division of Paediatric Medicine, Department of Paediatrics
| | - Ari Bitnun
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Paediatrics
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Al Fawaz T, Ng V, Richardson SE, Barton M, Allen U. Clinical consequences of human herpesvirus-6 DNAemia in peripheral blood in pediatric liver transplant recipients. Pediatr Transplant 2014; 18:47-51. [PMID: 24384048 DOI: 10.1111/petr.12176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The significance of HHV6 DNAemia after solid organ transplantation has not been fully determined. Our objectives were to determine the prevalence of HHV6 DNAemia in pediatric liver transplant recipients and to describe the associated clinical characteristics and outcomes. This was a retrospective case-control study. Eligible liver transplant patients aged ≤ 18 yr with HHV6 DNAemia were matched with two subjects without HHV6 DNAemia. Matching was by age ± 6 months. Among 154 subjects, 25 patients (16%) had HHV6 DNAemia detected by PCR in whole blood or plasma (M:F ratio = 0.9:1). While 28% of subjects with DNAemia (7/25) had symptoms consistent with HHV6 infection, active infection was detected in only four subjects (2.6% of liver transplant patients). The major symptoms/signs were fever, vomiting, lethargy, splenomegaly, bone marrow suppression, and elevated transaminases. The prevalence of DNAemia due to other herpesviruses in cases vs. controls was EBV 56% vs. 60%, CMV 12% vs. 12%, HHV7 20% vs. 12%; p value is not significant for all pairwise comparisons. HHV6 DNAemia in pediatric liver transplant patients is not an uncommon entity. While the clinical relevance is still not entirely established, active HHV6 infection and attributable symptoms are relatively rare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tariq Al Fawaz
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Yea C, Tellier R, Chong P, Westmacott G, Marrie RA, Bar-Or A, Banwell B. Epstein-Barr virus in oral shedding of children with multiple sclerosis. Neurology 2013; 81:1392-9. [PMID: 24014504 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0b013e3182a841e4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) oral shedding frequency and EBV genetic diversity in pediatric patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). METHODS This was a prospective case-control study. We used PCR-based assays to detect viral DNA in the monthly mouth swabs of 22 pediatric patients with MS and 77 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. EBV-positive samples were further analyzed for sequence variation in the EBV BCRF1 (ebvIL-10) gene using direct DNA sequencing methods, and in the EBV LMP1 gene by mass spectrometry. RESULTS Nineteen of the 22 (86.4%) children with MS were seropositive for remote EBV infection compared to 35 out of 77 (45.5%) healthy controls (p = 0.008). Baseline analysis of mouth swabs revealed a higher proportion of EBV-positive samples from EBV-seropositive patients with MS compared to EBV-seropositive healthy controls (52.6% vs 20%, p = 0.007). Longitudinal analysis of monthly swabs revealed average EBV detection rates of 50.6% in patients with MS and 20.4% in controls (p = 0.01). The oral shedding frequencies of Herpesviruses herpes simplex virus-1, cytomegalovirus, human herpesvirus (HHV)-6, and HHV-7 did not differ between groups. Changes in the predominant EBV genetic variants were detected more frequently in patients with MS; however, no specific EBV genetic variant was preferentially associated with MS. CONCLUSION Children with MS demonstrate abnormally increased rates of EBV viral reactivation and a broader range of genetic variants, suggesting a selective impairment in their immunologic control of EBV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Yea
- From Neuroscience and Mental Health, Research Institute (C.Y.), The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto; the Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infectious Diseases (R.T.), University of Calgary; the Provincial Public Health Laboratory of Alberta (R.T.), Calgary; the National Microbiology Laboratory (P.C., G.W.), Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg; the Department of Internal Medicine (R.A.M.), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg; the Experimental Therapeutics Program (A.B.-O.), Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; and the Division of Neurology (B.B.), The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA
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Takahashi T, Tamura M, Takasu T. Diagnostic value of a "wide-range" quantitative nested real-time PCR assay for varicella zoster virus myelitis. J Med Virol 2013; 85:2042-55. [PMID: 23934732 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.23690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Myelitis is one of the rarest neurological complications of varicella zoster virus (VZV) infection. In this study, the authors remodeled the "wide-range" quantitative nested real-time (QNRT) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay to quantitatively detect a small amount of VZV-DNA in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). For use as a specific internal control "calibrator," an original mutation-VZV (MZ) plasmid was developed. The initial copy number of VZV-DNA in CSF specimens was measured by the amplification rate of the MZ-plasmid. For 17 consecutive CSF specimens collected from three elderly patients with VZV myelitis, the diagnostic value of the wide-range QNRT-PCR assay was evaluated and compared with other conventional PCR assays and enzyme immunoassay (EIA). The MZ-plasmid demonstrated statistically uniform amplifications (F=1.016) against a wide range (1-100,000) of copy numbers of mimic VZV-DNA. The wide-range QNRT-PCR assay quantitatively and rapidly (within 48 hr) detected 5,863, 3,052, 958, and 6,721 copies/ml of VZV-DNA in the CSF specimens collected from all patients in the acute phase. Additionally, there was a significant difference (*P=0.023) in the copy number of VZV-DNA between before and after acyclovir treatment. Other conventional single PCR assays all revealed negative results, but were nevertheless time-consuming (7 days). The IgG EIA-value for VZV was continually elevated throughout the clinical course of all patients. The MZ-plasmid was thus regarded as an appropriate "calibrator" in the wide-range QNRT-PCR assay. This assay is a novel, rapid, accurate, quantitative, and highly sensitive technique, and will contribute as a reliable and useful clinical examination for the rapid diagnosis of VZV infection to central nervous system.
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Goldman RD, Matlow A, Linett L, Scolnik D. What is the risk of bacterial meningitis in infants who present to the emergency department with fever and pyuria? CAN J EMERG MED 2012; 5:394-9. [PMID: 17466129 DOI: 10.1017/s1481803500008630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the rate of bacterial meningitis among febrile infants in the emergency department (ED) who have pyuria detected in an initial catheterized urine specimen. METHODS This retrospective chart review, conducted at the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ont., involved all children aged 0 to 3 months who presented to the ED with fever and pyuria (>/=10 white blood cells/mm(3)) over a 3-year period. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was evaluated using standard methods, and the rate of meningitis in children with pyuria was determined. RESULTS The study sample included 211 infants with fever and pyuria -- 79 of these under 1 month of age. Eighty-one percent (171/211) had positive urine cultures, and 143 underwent lumbar puncture to rule out meningitis. Of these, 140 CSF samples were culture negative and 3 grew coagulase negative Staphylococcus -- 2 because of contamination and 1 because of a ventriculo-peritoneal shunt infection. Both children with CSF contamination grew Escherichia coli in the urine. The rate of bacterial meningitis in the study sample was 0% (95% confidence interval, 0%-2.6%). CONCLUSIONS In this study of febrile children under 90 days of age with fever and pyuria, the incidence of concurrent meningitis was 0%. This suggests that recommendations for mandatory lumbar puncture in such children should be reconsidered. However, until larger prospective studies define a patient subset that does not require CSF analysis, it is prudent to rule out meningitis, administer parenteral antibiotics for urinary tract infection, and admit for close observation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran D Goldman
- Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Sojo Dorado J, Domínguez Castellano Á, Ramírez de Arellano E, Rodríguez Baño J. Mononucleosis infecciosa grave asociada a virus Epstein Barr en dos hermanos jóvenes. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin 2012; 30:221-2. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eimc.2011.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2011] [Revised: 10/25/2011] [Accepted: 10/26/2011] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Arshed MJ, Magnuson RJ, Triantis J, Abubakar M, Van Campen H, Salman M. Comparison of RNA extraction methods to augment the sensitivity for the differentiation of vesicular stomatitis virus Indiana1 and New Jersey. J Clin Lab Anal 2011; 25:95-9. [PMID: 21438000 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.20439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Two methods for the extraction of RNA of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) Indiana1 and New Jersey and their simultaneous amplification by one-step polymerase chain reaction using reverse transcriptase were evaluated. A guanidine-thiocyanate-based RNA extraction (Qiagen RNeasy Mini Kit, Qiagen, Valencia, CA ) followed by column-based purification coupled with one-step RT-PCR proved to be a simple, safe, practicable, and reliable tool for rapid, highly sensitive, and specific differential diagnosis of both types of VSV in cell lysate and spiked tissue samples as compared with the tri-phasic extraction method (Tri-reagent method). When RNA was extracted either from VSV cell culture stock or from VSV spiked bovine lymph nodes by using Qiagen RNeasy Mini Kit, the detection limit in the multiplex RT-PCR was as low as 0.505 to 2.84 TCID(50) for VSV-IND and VSV-NJ, respectively. The multiplex RT-PCR consistently detected VSV-IND and NJ RNA in as little as 0.1-1.0 fg of total RNA from spiked BHK-21 cell suspension when Qiagen RNeasy mini kit was used. The multiplex RT-PCR assay was capable of detecting both types of VSV in a one-step reaction tube. The minimum sensitivity of this assay in various experiments was 0.1683 TCID(50) (IND), 0.0946 TCID(50) (NJ), and 0.057 fg (IND and NJ) per 2 µl PCR sample, which is significantly more sensitive than reported previously (0.28-2.8 TCID50/1 µl). So the present study improved the sensitivity of previously reported multiplex RT-PCR for the detection and differentiation of VSV-IND and VSV-NJ in a single assay.
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Disseminated herpes simplex virus type 1 primary infection in a healthy individual. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES & MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY 2011; 20:122-5. [PMID: 21119804 DOI: 10.1155/2009/482407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection usually involves one mucosal region. OBJECTIVE To describe an unusual disseminated HSV-1 infection involving two mucosal sites in a healthy man. RESULTS Primary HSV infection involved oral and genital mucosa and was associated with viremia, hepatitis and rash. Phylogenetic analysis of genital and oral viruses revealed that the patient was infected by a single HSV-1 strain. CONCLUSION Use of polymerase chain reaction detection techniques for HSV may identify viremic patients in the absence of obvious immunosuppression.
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The diagnosis of genital herpes - beyond culture: An evidence-based guide for the utilization of polymerase chain reaction and herpes simplex virus type-specific serology. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES & MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY 2011; 18:233-40. [PMID: 18923735 DOI: 10.1155/2007/505364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Accurate identification of persons with genital herpes is necessary for optimal patient management and prevention of transmission. Because of inherent inaccuracies, clinical diagnosis of genital herpes should be confirmed by laboratory testing for the causative agents herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and HSV type 2 (HSV-2). Further identification of the HSV type is valuable for counselling on the natural history of infection and risk of transmission. Laboratory methods include antigen detection, culture, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and conventional and type-specific serology (TSS). PCR has, by far, the greater sensitivity and should be the test of choice for symptomatic cases. HSV-2 TSS is indicated for patients with genital lesions in whom antigen detection, culture or PCR fail to detect HSV, and for patients who are asymptomatic but have a history suggestive of genital herpes. HSV-2 TSS is further indicated for patients infected with HIV. HSV-2 TSS along with HSV-1 TSS may be considered, as appropriate, in evaluating infection and/or immune status in couples discordant for genital herpes, women who develop their first clinical episode of genital herpes during pregnancy, asymptomatic pregnant women whose partners have a history of genital herpes or HIV infection, and women contemplating pregnancy or considering sexual partnership with those with a history of genital herpes. The above should be performed in conjunction with counselling of infected persons and their sex partners.
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Vidal LRR, Almeida SMD, Messias-Reason IJD, Nogueira MB, Debur MDC, Pessa LFC, Pereira LA, Rotta I, Takahashi GRDA, Silveira CSD, Araújo JMR, Raboni SM. Enterovirus and herpesviridae family as etiologic agents of lymphomonocytary meningitis, Southern Brazil. ARQUIVOS DE NEURO-PSIQUIATRIA 2011; 69:475-81. [DOI: 10.1590/s0004-282x2011000400013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2010] [Accepted: 01/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Viral meningitis is a common infectious disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that occurs worldwide. The aim of this study was to identify the etiologic agent of lymphomonocytary meningitis in Curitiba, PR, Brazil. During the period of July 2005 to December 2006, 460 cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples with lymphomonocytary meningitis were analyzed by PCR methodologies. Fifty nine (12.8%) samples were positive. Enteroviruses was present in 49 (83%) samples and herpes virus family in 10 (17%), of these 6 (10%) herpes simplex virus, 1 (2%) Epstein Barr virus, 2 (3%) human herpes virus type 6 and 1 (2%) mixed infection of enterovirus and Epstein Barr virus. As conclusion enterovirus was the most frequent virus, with circulation during summer and was observed with higher frequency between 4 to 17 years of age. PCR methodology is an important method for rapid detection of RNA enterovirus and DNA herpesvirus in CSF.
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Sankuntaw N, Sukprasert S, Engchanil C, Kaewkes W, Chantratita W, Pairoj V, Lulitanond V. Single tube multiplex real-time PCR for the rapid detection of herpesvirus infections of the central nervous system. Mol Cell Probes 2011; 25:114-20. [PMID: 21466846 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2011.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2009] [Revised: 02/06/2010] [Accepted: 03/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Human herpesvirus infection of immunocompromised hosts may lead to central nervous system (CNS) infection and diseases. In this study, a single tube multiplex real-time PCR was developed for the detection of five herpesviruses (HSV-1, HSV-2, VZV, EBV and CMV) in clinical cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimens. Two primer pairs specific for the herpesvirus polymerase gene and five hybridization probe pairs for the specific identification of the herpesvirus types were used in a LightCycler multiplex real-time PCR. A singleplex real-time PCR was first optimized and then applied to the multiplex real-time PCR. The singleplex and multiplex real-time PCRs showed no cross-reactivity. The sensitivity of the singleplex real-time PCR was 1 copy per reaction for each herpesvirus, while that of the multiplex real-time PCR was 1 copy per reaction for HSV-1 and VZV and 10 copies per reaction for HSV-2, EBV and CMV. Intra and inter-assay variations of the single tube multiplex assay were in the range of 0.02%-3.67% and 0.79%-4.35%, respectively. The assay was evaluated by testing 62 clinical CSF samples and was found to have equivalent sensitivity, specificity and agreement as the routine real-time PCR, but reducing time, cost and amount of used sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nipaporn Sankuntaw
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
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de França TRT, de Albuquerque Tavares Carvalho A, Gomes VB, Gueiros LA, Porter SR, Leao JC. Salivary shedding of Epstein-Barr virus and cytomegalovirus in people infected or not by human immunodeficiency virus 1. Clin Oral Investig 2011; 16:659-64. [PMID: 22186943 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-011-0548-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2010] [Accepted: 03/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to determine the frequency of EBV and CMV DNA detection in saliva of HIV infected and non-HIV individuals and their siblings. The study group comprised 240 individuals. Group 1 comprised of 40 HIV-infected patients, group 2 40 non-HIV individuals, group 3 two siblings for each patient from group 1 (n = 80), and group 4 two siblings for each individual from group 2 (n = 80). Non-stimulated whole saliva was collected, DNA was extracted, and amplification was performed using a nested PCR protocol. EBV and CMV DNA was detected in 7/40 (17.5%) and 5/40 (12.5%) individuals from group 1, 8/40 (20%) and 3/40 (7.5%) from group 2, 11/80 (13.8%) and 2/80 (2.5%) from group 3, and 8/80 (10%) and 1/80 (1.3%) from group 4, respectively. Five (71.4%) out of seven HIV/EBV coinfected individuals of group 1 had a relative also infected with EBV (OR = 11.25, CI [1.75-72.5], p = 0.011). Regarding group 2, among the eight non-HIV and EBV-infected individuals, three (37.5%) had a relative also positive to EBV (p = 0.320). No individual HIV/CMV coinfected had a relative CMV infected (p = 1.00). Also, only one non-HIV and CMV-infected individual had a relative also positive to CMV (p = 0.075). EBV and CMV DNA was detected mainly in those who had HIV viral load counts <400/mL (71%, p = 0.2 and 100%, p = 1, respectively) and those who had CD4 T cells counts between 200 and 400/mm(3) (57%, p = 0.544 and 60%, p = 0.249, respectively). HIV-infected individuals and healthy controls showed a similar frequency of viral DNA detection. EBV DNA was significantly amplified in saliva of household members of HIV/EBV coinfected individuals.
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Barton M, Wasfy S, Hébert D, Dipchand A, Fecteau A, Grant D, Ng V, Solomon M, Chan M, Read S, Stephens D, Tellier R, Allen UD. Exploring beyond viral load testing for EBV lymphoproliferation: role of serum IL-6 and IgE assays as adjunctive tests. Pediatr Transplant 2010; 14:852-8. [PMID: 20609172 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3046.2010.01352.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
We examined serum IL-6 and IgE assays as adjuncts to VL monitoring for PTLD. Paediatric solid organ transplant recipients were followed with VL monitoring. VL, IL-6, and IgE assays were compared between PTLD cases and non-cases at <3, 3-6 and >6 months after transplantation. Median IL-6 levels in PTLD cases were 15.5 (2.0-87.1) and 23.3 (2.1-276) pg/mL compared with 3.25 (0.92-114) and 3.5 (0.75-199.25) pg/mL in non-cases at 3-6 and >6 months, respectively (p = 0.006 and p = 0.005). At >6 months, IL-6 levels correlated with VL and PTLD occurrence (Spearman's coefficients = 0.40; p = 0.001 and 0.32; p = 0.003) in univariate analyses. No benefit was derived from performance of IgE levels. The sensitivity and specificity of high VL as a test of PTLD were 76.3% and 92.5%, while the negative predictive value and PPV of VL were 94.9% and 68.4%, respectively. Combining elevated IL-6 with high VL increased the PPV and specificity to 80% and 96.2%, respectively, and improved the receiver operating characteristic curve. Serum IL-6 levels can improve the clinician's ability to identify PTLD, among patients with elevated EBV viral loads.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Barton
- Division of Infectious Disease, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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de França TRT, de Araújo RA, Ribeiro CMB, Leao JC. Salivary shedding of HHV-8 in people infected or not by human immunodeficiency virus 1. J Oral Pathol Med 2010; 40:97-102. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0714.2010.00959.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Parruti G, Tontodonati M, Rebuzzi C, Polilli E, Sozio F, Consorte A, Agostinone A, Di Masi F, Congedo G, D'Antonio D, Granchelli C, D'Amario C, Carunchio C, Pippa L, Manzoli L, Volpi A. Predictors of pain intensity and persistence in a prospective Italian cohort of patients with herpes zoster: relevance of smoking, trauma and antiviral therapy. BMC Med 2010; 8:58. [PMID: 20937086 PMCID: PMC2964549 DOI: 10.1186/1741-7015-8-58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2010] [Accepted: 10/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Herpes zoster (HZ) is a common disease, characterized by rash-associated localized pain. Its main complication, post-herpetic neuralgia (PHN), is difficult to treat and may last for months to years in the wake of rash resolution. Uncertainties remain as to the knowledge of predictors of HZ-related pain, including the role of antiviral therapy in preventing PHN in ordinary clinical practice. This prospective cohort study was aimed at investigating pain intensity at HZ presentation and its correlates, as well as the incidence of PHN and its predictors. METHODS Patients diagnosed with HZ were consecutively enrolled by a network of Italian General Practitioners and Hospital Units in the health district of Pescara, Italy, over two years. Uncertain cases were referred for microbiological investigation. Data were collected through electronic case report form (e-CRFs) at enrollment and at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months after enrollment. Pain intensity was coded on a five-degree semi-quantitative scale at each time point. PHN was defined as pain of any intensity during follow-up and quantified using an area-under-the-curve (AUC) method. RESULTS Four hundred and forty-one patients composed the final sample. Mean age was 58.1 years (SD = 20.4 years); 43.5% of patients were males; 7.9% did not receive prescription of antivirals. Intense/very intense pain at presentation was reported by 25.2% of patients and was significantly associated with female gender, older age, cigarette smoking, trauma and/or surgery at HZ site (logistic regression). PHN was diagnosed in 51.2% of patients at one month and in 30.0% of patients at three months. PHN was significantly associated with pain intensity at presentation, age, smoking, trauma and missed antiviral prescription (generalized estimating equations model). The same factors were also independent predictors of the overall pain burden as described by the AUC method (linear regression). CONCLUSIONS Smoking, traumas and surgery at the HZ site emerged as new predictors of both HZ-related pain intensity and persistence, opening new perspectives in the prevention of HZ-related pain. An independent line of evidence was provided for the efficacy of antiviral therapy in preventing PHN and reducing total pain burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giustino Parruti
- Infectious Disease Unit, Pescara General Hospital, Pescara, Italy.
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Cohen JI, Fahle G, Kemp MA, Apakupakul K, Margolis TP. Human herpesvirus 6-A, 6-B, and 7 in vitreous fluid samples. J Med Virol 2010; 82:996-9. [PMID: 20419813 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.21751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Human herpesvirus 6 and 7 (HHV-6, HHV-7) have been associated with several neurologic syndromes and have been detected in nervous tissue from healthy persons; however, only two cases of HHV-6A have been reported to be associated with intraocular inflammatory disease. Vitreous fluid was tested from 101 patients, including 69 samples from patients with ocular inflammation including CMV retinitis, idiopathic retinitis, iritis, and vitritis, for HHV-6A, HHV-6B, and HHV-7 DNA by PCR. HHV-6A DNA (4,950 copies per ml) was detected in vitreous fluid from one patient with CMV retinitis, HHV-6B DNA (10,140 copies per ml) was detected in vitreous fluid from one patient with idiopathic ocular inflammation in the absence of CMV DNA, and HHV-7 was not detected in any of the vitreous samples. HHV-6A, HHV-6B, and HHV-7 DNA are detectable in less than 2% of vitreous samples in patients with ocular inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey I Cohen
- Medical Virology Section, Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1888, USA.
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Simbiri KO, Murakami M, Feldman M, Steenhoff AP, Nkomazana O, Bisson G, Robertson ES. Multiple oncogenic viruses identified in Ocular surface squamous neoplasia in HIV-1 patients. Infect Agent Cancer 2010; 5:6. [PMID: 20346104 PMCID: PMC2859758 DOI: 10.1186/1750-9378-5-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2009] [Accepted: 03/26/2010] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN) is a rare cancer that has increased in incidence with the HIV pandemic in Africa. The underlying cause of this cancer in HIV-infected patients from Botswana is not well defined. RESULTS Tissues were obtained from 28 OSSN and 8 pterygia patients. The tissues analyzed from OSSN patients were 83% positive for EBV, 75% were HPV positive, 70% were KSHV positive, 75% were HSV-1/2 positive, and 61% were CMV positive by PCR. Tissues from pterygium patients were 88% positive for EBV, 75% were HPV positive, 50% were KSHV positive, and 60% were CMV positive. None of the patients were JC or BK positive. In situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry analyses further identified HPV, EBV, and KSHV in a subset of the tissue samples. CONCLUSION We identified the known oncogenic viruses HPV, KSHV, and EBV in OSSN and pterygia tissues. The presence of these tumor viruses in OSSN suggests that they may contribute to the development of this malignancy in the HIV population. Further studies are necessary to characterize the molecular mechanisms associated with viral antigens and their potential role in the development of OSSN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth O Simbiri
- Department of Microbiology, and Abramson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Tumor Virology Program, University of Pennsylvania, 202A Johnson Pavilion, 3610 Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6076, USA.
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Abstract
Varicella zoster vaccine is a safe vaccine that is rarely associated with life-threatening complications. We describe an immunocompetent child who developed transient severe aplastic anemia concomitant with a typical clinical and laboratory-proven chickenpox syndrome 3 weeks after immunization. A causative association between the vaccine and the hematologic disease is possible, and pediatricians should be aware of this severe although rare adverse event.
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Sharma AP, Moussa M, Casier S, Rehman F, Filler G, Grimmer J. Intravenous immunoglobulin as rescue therapy for BK virus nephropathy. Pediatr Transplant 2009; 13:123-9. [PMID: 18822106 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3046.2008.00958.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BKVN has emerged as an important cause of pediatric renal allograft nephropathy, with significant graft dysfunction in majority of the cases. Reduced immunosuppression and cidofovir therapy are the most commonly used therapeutic options for the treatment of BKVN in these patients. Recently, a preliminary study in adult renal allograft recipients with BKVN showed a therapeutic response to a combined approach of immunosuppression reduction and IVIg administration. A therapeutic benefit of IVIg without another concomitant treatment intervention has not been evaluated. We report stabilization of renal functions, histological resolution of BKVN and significant reduction in BK viremia in pediatric renal transplant with the use of IVIg, after an inadequate response to immunosuppression reduction and cidofovir therapy. In addition, we review the current literature on the use of cidofovir in pediatric renal transplant patients with BKVN and the potential of IVIg use in this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay P Sharma
- Department of Paediatrics, Division of Nephrology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.
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El Sayed Zaki M. Parvovirus and herpes simplex association with unexplained anemia in pregnancy: a prospective study. Hematology 2008; 13:303-306. [DOI: 10.1179/102453308x343392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M. El Sayed Zaki
- Clinical Pathology DepartmentMansoura Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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Vaccine-strain varicella zoster virus causing recurrent herpes zoster in an immunocompetent 2-year-old. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2008; 27:847-8. [PMID: 18664930 DOI: 10.1097/inf.0b013e318170af75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Varivax III is a live attenuated vaccine against varicella zoster virus (VZV). We report a case of recurrent vaccine-strain herpes zoster in an immunocompetent 2-year-old child. Vaccine-strain VZV was identified through polymerase chain reaction. This report aims to alert physicians that recurrent vaccine-strain herpes zoster can be a rare complication of VZV vaccination in apparently immunocompetent hosts.
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Performance of HerpeSelect and Kalon assays in detection of antibodies to herpes simplex virus type 2. J Clin Microbiol 2008; 46:1914-8. [PMID: 18385443 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.02332-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The performances of commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) in detecting herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) antibodies have been inconsistent for African and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive populations. We compared the performances of the HerpeSelect and Kalon glycoprotein G2 ELISAs for patients with genital ulcer disease in Ghana and the Central African Republic. Sera from 434 women were tested with the HerpeSelect assay, and a subsample (n = 199) was tested by the Kalon assay. Ulcer swabs and cervicovaginal lavage samples were tested for HSV-2 DNA by PCR. HSV-2-seronegative women with detectable genital HSV-2 DNA were retested for HSV-2 antibodies 14 and 28 days later by the two ELISAs. A total of 346 (80%) women were positive by HerpeSelect at baseline, and 225 (54%) had detectable genital (lesional or cervicovaginal) HSV-2 DNA. Sixty-six (19%) HerpeSelect-positive samples had low-positive index values (1.1 to 3.5), and 58% of these samples had detectable genital HSV-2 DNA. Global agreement between the two serological assays was 86%. Concordance was high (99%) for sera that were negative by HerpeSelect or had high index values (>3.5). Defining infection detected by HSV-2 DNA PCR and/or Kalon assay as true infection, 71% of sera with low-positive index values were associated with true HSV-2 infection. Twenty-five women were identified as having nonprimary first-episode genital HSV-2 infection. Rates of HSV-2 seroconversion at day 14 were 77% (10/13 patients) by HerpeSelect assay and 23% (3/13 patients) by Kalon assay, with four additional seroconversions detected by Kalon assay at day 28. HIV serostatus did not influence assay performance. Low index values obtained with the HerpeSelect assay may correspond to true HSV-2 infection, in particular to nonprimary first episodes of genital HSV-2 infection, and need to be interpreted in the context of clinical history.
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Hubacek P, Sedlacek P, Keslova P, Formankova R, Stary J, Kulich M, Cinek O. Incidence of HHV7 in donors and recipients of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2008; 50:935; author reply 936. [PMID: 18085695 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.21436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Gibson CS, Goldwater PN, MacLennan AH, Haan EA, Priest K, Dekker GA. Fetal exposure to herpesviruses may be associated with pregnancy-induced hypertensive disorders and preterm birth in a Caucasian population. BJOG 2008; 115:492-500. [PMID: 18271886 PMCID: PMC7161814 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-0528.2007.01653.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the role of fetal viral infection in the development of a range of adverse pregnancy outcomes (APOs), including pregnancy-induced hypertensive disorders (PIHD), antepartum haemorrhage (APH), birthweight <10th percentile (small for gestational age, SGA) and preterm birth (PTB). DESIGN Population-based case-control study. SETTING Laboratory-based study. POPULATION The newborn screening cards of 717 adverse pregnancy cases and 609 controls. METHODS Newborn screening cards were tested for RNA from enteroviruses and DNA from herpesviruses using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The herpesviruses were detected using two PCRs, one detecting nucleic acids from herpes simplex virus (HSV)-1, HSV-2, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), cytomegalovirus (CMV) and human herpesvirus (HHV)-8, hereafter designated Herpes PCR group A viruses, and the other detecting nucleic acids from varicella-zoster virus (VZV), HHV-6 and HHV-7, hereafter designated Herpes PCR group B viruses. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Odds ratios and 95% CIs for specific APOs. RESULTS For both term and PTBs, the risk of developing PIHD was increased in the presence of DNA from Herpes PCR group B viruses (OR 3.57, 95% CI 1.10-11.70), CMV (OR 3.89, 95% CI 1.67-9.06), any herpesvirus (OR 5.70, 95% CI 1.85-17.57) and any virus (OR 5.17, 95% CI 1.68-15.94). The presence of CMV was associated with PTB (OR 1.61, 95% CI 1.14-2.27). No significant association was observed between SGA or APH and exposure to viral infection. CONCLUSIONS Fetal exposure to herpesvirus infection was associated with PIHD for both term and PTBs in this exploratory study. Exposure to CMV may also be associated with PTB. These findings need confirmation in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- C S Gibson
- Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
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Taylor SW, Lee DH, Jackson AC. Herpes simplex encephalitis presenting with exclusively frontal lobe involvement. J Neurovirol 2008; 13:477-81. [PMID: 17994434 DOI: 10.1080/13550280701491131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The authors report a patient with herpes simplex encephalitis who presented with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) lesions exclusively in the frontal lobes, including the bilateral anterior cingulate gyri. She is making a good recovery after therapy with intravenous acyclovir. A similar presentation with a fatal outcome was previously reported by Rose et al (Neurology 42: 1809-1812, 1992). MRI shows temporal lesions in most patients with herpes simplex encephalitis, whereas occasional patients have normal imaging. A high index of suspicion for the diagnosis of herpes simplex encephalitis should be maintained when a patient presents with fever and brain lesions involving extratemporal limbic system structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean W Taylor
- Department of Medicine (Neurology), Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
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