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Nagasawa Y, Kiku Y, Sugawara K, Yabusaki N, Oono K, Fujii K, Suzuki T, Maehana K, Hayashi T. Rapid Staphylococcus aureus Detection From Clinical Mastitis Milk by Colloidal Gold Nanoparticle-Based Immunochromatographic Strips. Front Vet Sci 2020; 6:504. [PMID: 32039249 PMCID: PMC6988510 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2019.00504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapid diagnostic technologies for bovine mastitis caused by Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) are urgently needed. In the current study, we generated an anti-ribosomal protein-L7/L12 antibody to detect S. aureus and an anti-ribosomal protein-L7/L12 antibody-coated immune-chromatographic strip (ICS) test. Moreover, we determined the ability of the ICS test to detect S. aureus from milk samples collected from cows with clinical mastitis. The developed ICS reacted to S. aureus in a bacteria load-dependent manner with a detection limit of ~104 CFU/mL. In the evaluation of possible cross-reactivity of the ICS test, six strains of coagulase-negative Staphylococci showed slightly positive reactions, although at a lower level; however, other bacteria were completely negative. Next, we investigated the sensitivity and specificity of the ICS test compared with the bacteriological culture method using milk samples from clinical bovine mastitis. The results of the experiments demonstrated that the ICS test had high sensitivity [100%, 95% confidence interval (CI): 91.3–100%] and specificity (91.9%, CI: 90.5–91.9%) compared with culture tests. In addition, the kappa statistic demonstrated that ICS tests showed substantial agreement (k = 0.77, CI: 0.66–0.87) with culture tests. Positive correlations were observed for the statistical analysis between S. aureus (nuc gene) copy numbers and ICS test scores in mastitic milk infected by S. aureus. Therefore, we assume that this new detection method using ICS may be useful as a highly sensitive S. aureus-screening method for the diagnosis of bovine mastitis. Our findings support the ongoing effort to develop an ICS method for bovine S. aureus-induced mastitis, which can contribute to the rapid diagnosis of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuya Nagasawa
- Dairy Hygiene Unit, Division of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Hokkaido Research Station, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yoshio Kiku
- Dairy Hygiene Unit, Division of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Hokkaido Research Station, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kazue Sugawara
- Dairy Hygiene Unit, Division of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Hokkaido Research Station, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Naohiro Yabusaki
- NOSAI Minami, Ebetsu, Japan.,Hokubu Veterinary Clinic, Chiba P.F.A.M.A.A, Katori, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Koji Maehana
- Healthcare R&D Center, Asahi Kasei Corporation, Fuji, Japan
| | - Tomohito Hayashi
- Dairy Hygiene Unit, Division of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Hokkaido Research Station, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Sapporo, Japan
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Abstract
The definition of the heterogeneous group of coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) is still based on diagnostic procedures that fulfill the clinical need to differentiate between Staphylococcus aureus and those staphylococci classified historically as being less or nonpathogenic. Due to patient- and procedure-related changes, CoNS now represent one of the major nosocomial pathogens, with S. epidermidis and S. haemolyticus being the most significant species. They account substantially for foreign body-related infections and infections in preterm newborns. While S. saprophyticus has been associated with acute urethritis, S. lugdunensis has a unique status, in some aspects resembling S. aureus in causing infectious endocarditis. In addition to CoNS found as food-associated saprophytes, many other CoNS species colonize the skin and mucous membranes of humans and animals and are less frequently involved in clinically manifested infections. This blurred gradation in terms of pathogenicity is reflected by species- and strain-specific virulence factors and the development of different host-defending strategies. Clearly, CoNS possess fewer virulence properties than S. aureus, with a respectively different disease spectrum. In this regard, host susceptibility is much more important. Therapeutically, CoNS are challenging due to the large proportion of methicillin-resistant strains and increasing numbers of isolates with less susceptibility to glycopeptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karsten Becker
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Christine Heilmann
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Georg Peters
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
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Bacteriophage-based latex agglutination test for rapid identification of Staphylococcus aureus. J Clin Microbiol 2014; 52:3394-8. [PMID: 25031449 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.01432-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapid diagnosis is essential for the management of Staphylococcus aureus infections. A host recognition protein from S. aureus bacteriophage phiSLT was recombinantly produced and used to coat streptavidin latex beads to develop a latex agglutination test (LAT). The diagnostic accuracy of this bacteriophage-based test was compared with that of a conventional LAT, Pastorex Staph-Plus, by investigating a clinical collection of 86 S. aureus isolates and 128 coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) from deep tissue infections. All of the clinical S. aureus isolates were correctly identified by the bacteriophage-based test. While most of the CoNS were correctly identified as non-S. aureus isolates, 7.9% of the CoNS caused agglutination. Thus, the sensitivity of the bacteriophage-based LAT for identification of S. aureus among clinical isolates was 100%, its specificity was 92.1%, its positive predictive value (PPV) was 89.6%, and its negative predictive value (NPV) was 100%. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV of the Pastorex LAT for the identification of S. aureus were 100%, 99.2%, 98.9%, and 100%, respectively. Among the additionally tested 35 S. aureus and 91 non-S. aureus staphylococcal reference and type strains, 1 isolate was false negative by each system; 13 and 8 isolates were false positive by the bacteriophage-based and Pastorex LATs, respectively. The ability of the phiSLT protein to detect S. aureus was dependent on the presence of wall teichoic acid (WTA) and corresponded to the production of ribitol phosphate WTA, which is found in most S. aureus clones but only a small minority of CoNS. Bacteriophage-based LAT identification is a promising strategy for rapid pathogen identification. Finding more specific bacteriophage proteins would increase the specificity of this novel diagnostic approach.
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Capone G, Kanduc D. Peptide sharing between Bordetella pertussis proteome and human sudden death proteins: a hypothesis for a causal link. Future Microbiol 2014; 8:1039-48. [PMID: 23902149 DOI: 10.2217/fmb.13.72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To explore the molecular basis of the relationship between Bordetella pertussis infection and sudden death. METHODS B. pertussis proteins were analyzed for amino acid sequence identity to a set of 67 human proteins that, when altered, have been associated with sudden death. RESULTS More than 82,000 pentapeptides are shared between B. pertussis proteins and sudden death-associated antigens. CONCLUSION Results suggest that a possible link between B. pertussis infection and sudden death might be represented by potential immunological cross-reactions occurring between B. pertussis proteins and human proteins associated to sudden death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Capone
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies & Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
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Gallardo-Moreno AM, Navarro-Pérez ML, Vadillo-Rodríguez V, Bruque JM, González-Martín ML. Insights into bacterial contact angles: difficulties in defining hydrophobicity and surface Gibbs energy. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2011; 88:373-80. [PMID: 21807482 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2011.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2010] [Revised: 04/01/2011] [Accepted: 07/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
One of the principal techniques for evaluating the surface hydrophobicity of biological samples is contact angle. This method, applied readily to flat-smooth-inert surfaces, gives rise to an important debate when implemented with microbial lawns. After its initial description, in 1984, several authors have carried out modifications of the technique but the results obtained have not been previously judged. This work focuses on the particularities of contact angle measurements on bacterial lawns and enhances the idea of the impossibility of using water contact angle as a universal measurement of bacterial hydrophobicity. Contact angles can only be used as relative indicators of hydrophobicity, in a similar way to tests based on microbial adhesion to solvents. The strong dependence of contact angles on dried bacterial lawns with measuring time and environmental conditions (e.g. pH of the media) preclude the estimation of their absolute values, and so, of the cells surface Gibbs energy. Yet, for a given measuring time, it is found that the hydrophobicity and the apparent bacterial surface Gibbs energy components are qualitatively related to the bacterial surface electrical potential. In particular, a hydrophobic increase is always accompanied by an increase of the cells Lifshitz-Van der Waals component and a decrease of their acid-base component and absolute zeta potential. Therefore, the present study shows that the physico-chemical surface properties that characterize bacteria are not independent, and one of them can be qualitatively described in terms of the others when measuring contact angles at a fixed time after the drying of the microbial beds.
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Evaluation of the TPX MRSA assay for the detection of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2011; 30:1237-43. [DOI: 10.1007/s10096-011-1218-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2011] [Accepted: 03/03/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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In vitro antimicrobial effect of bacteriocin PsVP-10 in combination with chlorhexidine and triclosan against Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus strains. Arch Oral Biol 2009; 54:230-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2008.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2008] [Revised: 11/14/2008] [Accepted: 11/21/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Luczak-Kadlubowska A, Krzyszton-Russjan J, Hryniewicz W. Characteristics of Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated in Poland in 1996 to 2004 that were deficient in species-specific proteins. J Clin Microbiol 2006; 44:4018-24. [PMID: 17005746 PMCID: PMC1698328 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.01164-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2006] [Revised: 08/22/2006] [Accepted: 09/16/2006] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
One hundred seventy Staphylococcus aureus isolates, collected in 1996 to 2004, were reidentified by phenotypic and genotypic methods. One hundred ten of these (65%) were confirmed, as previously denoted, to be clumping factor (CF)- or free coagulase-deficient S. aureus, based on their phenotype. Based on the CF or coagulase production, three groups of phenotypically deficient S. aureus isolates were distinguished. Group 1 encompassed CF-positive and coagulase-deficient isolates, group 2 consisted of CF-deficient and coagulase-positive isolates, and group 3 included isolates that were CF positive, had delayed coagulase activity, and were deficient in other species-specific features. All investigated strains harbored the clfA, clfB, coa, spa, and nuc genes, but the presence of their products was not detected by the phenotypic methods. Glycopeptide susceptibility testing showed that 26 isolates (23.6%) were hetero-glycopeptide-intermediate S. aureus(hGISA) or hetero-teicoplanin-intermediate S. aureus (hTISA), based on the population analysis profile. The relatedness of the isolates was evaluated by multiple-locus variable number of tandem repeats analysis, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), and multilocus sequence typing. The phenotypically deficient S. aureus isolates were classified into PFGE types B (ST239-III) and D (ST246-IA) and were related to the common clones, Hungarian and Iberian, respectively, which have been widely disseminated in Poland and globally. The simultaneous occurrence of hGISA/hTISA and the CF-deficient phenotypes was found for 62.1% of isolates belonging to group 2. The majority of these isolates were assigned to the Iberian clone (PFGE type D; ST247-IA). An association between the defect in coagulase and that in thermonuclease production was observed, which concerned 59.2% of isolates of group 1. The majority of these isolates belonged to the Hungarian clone (PFGE type B; ST239-III).
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Gündoğan N, Citak S, Turan E. Slime production, DNase activity and antibiotic resistance of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from raw milk, pasteurised milk and ice cream samples. Food Control 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2005.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Brown DFJ, Edwards DI, Hawkey PM, Morrison D, Ridgway GL, Towner KJ, Wren MWD. Guidelines for the laboratory diagnosis and susceptibility testing of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). J Antimicrob Chemother 2005; 56:1000-18. [PMID: 16293678 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dki372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
These evidence-based guidelines have been produced after a literature review of the laboratory diagnosis and susceptibility testing of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). We have considered the detection of MRSA in screening samples and the detection of reduced susceptibility to glycopeptides in S. aureus. Recommendations are given for the identification of S. aureus and for suitable methods of susceptibility testing and screening for MRSA and for S. aureus with reduced susceptibility to glycopeptides. These guidelines indicate what tests should be used but not when the tests are applicable, as aspects of this are dealt with in guidelines on control of MRSA. There are currently several developments in screening media and molecular methods. It is likely that some of our recommendations will require modification as the new methods become available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek F J Brown
- Health Protection Agency, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 2QW, UK
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Fonsale N, Bes M, Verdier I, Carricajo A, Ploton C, Aubert G, Etienne J, Vandenesch F, Freydiere AM. Specific identification of Staphylococcus aureus by Staphychrom II, a rapid chromogenic staphylocoagulase test. J Clin Microbiol 2004; 42:1962-4. [PMID: 15131155 PMCID: PMC404652 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.42.5.1962-1964.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We compared the performance of Staphychrom II (International Microbio, Signes, France), a rapid (2-h) chromogenic staphylocoagulase test that uses human prothrombin and protease inhibitors, with those of the reference tube coagulase test (TCT) and the latex agglutination test (LAT) Slidex Staph Plus for the rapid identification of S. aureus. Prospective evaluation with 293 fresh clinical isolates yielded sensitivities, specificities, and predictive and negative predictive values of 98.1, 100, 100, and 95.1%, respectively, for the Staphychrom II test; 98.6, 98.7, 99.6, and 96.3%, respectively, for LAT; and 97.6, 98.7, 99.5, and 93.9%, respectively, for TCT. The perfect specificity of the Staphychrom II test was confirmed by testing 193 collection strains selected because of their potential testing pitfalls. The Staphychrom II test was positive for 90% of the 215 S. aureus strains tested after only 1 h of incubation. The Staphychrom II test was as sensitive as the reference TCT and was 100% specific.
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Embleton ML, Nair SP, Cookson BD, Wilson M. Antibody-Directed Photodynamic Therapy of MethicillinResistant Staphylococcus aureus. Microb Drug Resist 2004; 10:92-7. [PMID: 15256023 DOI: 10.1089/1076629041310000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a world-wide public health problem, causing nosocomial and community-acquired infections. Furthermore, MRSA is increasingly resistant to many conventional antimicrobials, so there is a real need to develop alternative approaches for MRSA decolonization and treatment. Previously, we have demonstrated that MRSA can be killed with an immunoglobulin G (IgG)-SnCe6 conjugate and red light, but effectiveness was dependent on the particular strain and the growth phase. In this investigation, we used an antibody raised against MRSA to make an Ab-SnCe6 conjugate capable of targeting many MRSA strains in all growth phases. To suspensions of important epidemic MRSA, each grown to stationary, lag, or exponential phase, the Ab-SnCe6 conjugate was added and samples exposed to red light. Survivors were then enumerated. This treatment was very effective at killing all the different MRSA strains tested, in all growth phases. The Ab-SnCe6 conjugate was able to kill EMRSA-16 selectively in a mixed suspension of EMRSA-16 and Escherichia coli, and was much better at killing EMRSA-16 than a coagulase-negative staphylococcus, S. epidermidis. These results demonstrate that photodynamic therapy of MRSA is very effective when the photosensitizer is targeted to the pathogen using a suitable antibody and may be a good candidate for a novel treatment of MRSA infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle L Embleton
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Eastman Dental Institute for Oral Health Care Sciences, University College London, London, UK
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ÇITAK SUMRU, VARLIK ÖZGÜR, GÜNDO?AN NESLIHAN. SLIME PRODUCTION AND DNase ACTIVITY OF STAPHYLOCOCCI ISOLATED FROM RAW MILK. J Food Saf 2003. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-4565.2003.tb00371.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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