1
|
Wu Y, Wu H, Wu M, Wei W, Wei Y, Li T, Cao C, Yao Z. The Clinical Characteristics and Antimicrobial Resistance of Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Patients with Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome (SSSS) in Southwestern China. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:516. [PMID: 38927182 PMCID: PMC11200482 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13060516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome (SSSS) is a rare, toxin-mediated, desquamating bacterial infectious dermatosis. So far, data from Southwestern China is scarce. This study aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics of SSSS patients in our hospital, the relative proportion of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in skin and soft tissue secretions, and the drug sensitivity of S. aureus to better assist dermatologists in the diagnosis and treatment of SSSS. We reviewed the demographic characteristics, clinical manifestations, treatment regimens, therapeutic efficacy, laboratory test results, drug sensitivity, and outcome data of 79 SSSS patients from January 2012 to December 2021. Statistical analysis was performed using t tests and chi-square tests. Among the 79 SSSS patients, MRSA was detected in 35 (44.3%) isolates: 34 community-acquired (CA)-MRSA (97.1%) and 1 hospital-acquired (HA)-MRSA. The SSSS incidence increased annually from 2012 to 2014 and then decreased gradually after peaking in 2015. All the isolates were sensitive to vancomycin, tigecycline, linezolid, moxifloxacin, levofloxacin, and ciprofloxacin; were completely resistant to penicillin; and had low sensitivity to clindamycin and erythromycin. Interestingly, the sensitivity of MRSA to tetracycline increased annually after 2015. The resistance rates to common drugs previously used to treat SSSS increased. These findings may accelerate diagnosis and improve empirical antibiotic use, suggesting that clinicians should prescribe drugs according to antimicrobial susceptibility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yidan Wu
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China; (Y.W.); (T.L.)
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Mycosis Prevention and Treatment, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Hengfeng Wu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China; (H.W.); (M.W.); (W.W.); (Y.W.)
| | - Man Wu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China; (H.W.); (M.W.); (W.W.); (Y.W.)
| | - Wanchen Wei
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China; (H.W.); (M.W.); (W.W.); (Y.W.)
| | - Yuying Wei
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China; (H.W.); (M.W.); (W.W.); (Y.W.)
| | - Tiantian Li
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China; (Y.W.); (T.L.)
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Mycosis Prevention and Treatment, Nanning 530021, China
- Guangxi Scientific and Technological Innovation Cooperation Base of Mycosis Prevention and Control, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Cunwei Cao
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China; (Y.W.); (T.L.)
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Mycosis Prevention and Treatment, Nanning 530021, China
- Guangxi Scientific and Technological Innovation Cooperation Base of Mycosis Prevention and Control, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Zhijian Yao
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China; (Y.W.); (T.L.)
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Mycosis Prevention and Treatment, Nanning 530021, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang YJ, Zhao ZH, Lu SK, Wang GL, Ma SJ, Wang LH, Gao H, Ren J, An ZW, Fu CX, Zhang Y, Luo W, Zhang YF. Analysis of risk factors, pathogenic bacteria characteristics, and drug resistance of postoperative surgical site infection in adults with limb fractures. Chin J Traumatol 2024:S1008-1275(24)00059-2. [PMID: 38811319 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjtee.2024.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE We carried out the study aiming to explore and analyze the risk factors, the distribution of pathogenic bacteria, and their antibiotic-resistance characteristics influencing the occurrence of surgical site infection (SSI), to provide valuable assistance for reducing the incidence of SSI after traumatic fracture surgery. METHODS A retrospective case-control study enrolling 3978 participants from January 2015 to December 2019 receiving surgical treatment for traumatic fractures was conducted at Tangdu Hospital of Air Force Medical University. Baseline data, demographic characteristics, lifestyles, variables related to surgical treatment, and pathogen culture were harvested and analyzed. Univariate analyses and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to reveal the independent risk factors of SSI. A bacterial distribution histogram and drug-sensitive heat map were drawn to describe the pathogenic characteristics. RESULTS Included 3978 patients 138 of them developed SSI with an incidence rate of 3.47% postoperatively. By logistic regression analysis, we found that variables such as gender (males) (odds ratio (OR) = 2.012, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.235 - 3.278, p = 0.005), diabetes mellitus (OR = 5.848, 95% CI: 3.513 - 9.736, p < 0.001), hypoproteinemia (OR = 3.400, 95% CI: 1.280 - 9.031, p = 0.014), underlying disease (OR = 5.398, 95% CI: 2.343 - 12.438, p < 0.001), hormonotherapy (OR = 11.718, 95% CI: 6.269 - 21.903, p < 0.001), open fracture (OR = 29.377, 95% CI: 9.944 - 86.784, p < 0.001), and intraoperative transfusion (OR = 2.664, 95% CI: 1.572 - 4.515, p < 0.001) were independent risk factors for SSI, while, aged over 59 years (OR = 0.132, 95% CI: 0.059 - 0.296, p < 0.001), prophylactic antibiotics use (OR = 0.082, 95% CI: 0.042 - 0.164, p < 0.001) and vacuum sealing drainage use (OR = 0.036, 95% CI: 0.010 - 0.129, p < 0.001) were protective factors. Pathogens results showed that 301 strains of 38 species of bacteria were harvested, among which 178 (59.1%) strains were Gram-positive bacteria, and 123 (40.9%) strains were Gram-negative bacteria. Staphylococcus aureus (108, 60.7%) and Enterobacter cloacae (38, 30.9%) accounted for the largest proportion. The susceptibility of Gram-positive bacteria to Vancomycin and Linezolid was almost 100%. The susceptibility of Gram-negative bacteria to Imipenem, Amikacin, and Meropenem exceeded 73%. CONCLUSION Orthopedic surgeons need to develop appropriate surgical plans based on the risk factors and protective factors associated with postoperative SSI to reduce its occurrence. Meanwhile, it is recommended to strengthen blood glucose control in the early stage of admission and for surgeons to be cautious and scientific when choosing antibiotic therapy in clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Jun Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Second Affiliated Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Zi-Hou Zhao
- Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Shuai-Kun Lu
- Orthopedic Oncology Institute of PLA, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Guo-Liang Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Second Affiliated Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Shan-Jin Ma
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Lin-Hu Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Second Affiliated Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Hao Gao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Second Affiliated Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Jun Ren
- Department of Orthopaedics, Second Affiliated Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Zhong-Wei An
- Department of Orthopaedics, Second Affiliated Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Cong-Xiao Fu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Second Affiliated Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Second Affiliated Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Wen Luo
- Department of Ultrasound, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.
| | - Yun-Fei Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Second Affiliated Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wang Z, Pang Y, Chung CR, Wang HY, Cui H, Chiang YC, Horng JT, Lu JJ, Lee TY. A risk assessment framework for multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus using machine learning and mass spectrometry technology. Brief Bioinform 2023; 24:bbad330. [PMID: 37742050 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbad330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria is a critical global crisis that poses a serious threat to public health, particularly with the rise of multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Accurate assessment of drug resistance is essential for appropriate treatment and prevention of transmission of these deadly pathogens. Early detection of drug resistance in patients is critical for providing timely treatment and reducing the spread of multidrug-resistant bacteria. This study aims to develop a novel risk assessment framework for S. aureus that can accurately determine the resistance to multiple antibiotics. The comprehensive 7-year study involved ˃20 000 isolates with susceptibility testing profiles of six antibiotics. By incorporating mass spectrometry and machine learning, the study was able to predict the susceptibility to four different antibiotics with high accuracy. To validate the accuracy of our models, we externally tested on an independent cohort and achieved impressive results with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0. 94, 0.90, 0.86 and 0.91, and an area under the precision-recall curve of 0.93, 0.87, 0.87 and 0.81, respectively, for oxacillin, clindamycin, erythromycin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. In addition, the framework evaluated the level of multidrug resistance of the isolates by using the predicted drug resistance probabilities, interpreting them in the context of a multidrug resistance risk score and analyzing the performance contribution of different sample groups. The results of this study provide an efficient method for early antibiotic decision-making and a better understanding of the multidrug resistance risk of S. aureus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Wang
- Warshel Institute for Computational Biology, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518172, China
| | - Yuxuan Pang
- Warshel Institute for Computational Biology, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518172, China
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518172, China
| | - Chia-Ru Chung
- Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yao Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan 333423, Taiwan
| | - Haiyan Cui
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Longgang District People's Hospital of Shenzhen & The Second Affiliated Hospital of the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ying-Chih Chiang
- Kobilka Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518172, China
| | - Jorng-Tzong Horng
- Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan
- Department of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
| | - Jang-Jih Lu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan 333423, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33303, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33303, Taiwan
| | - Tzong-Yi Lee
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300093, Taiwan
- Center for Intelligent Drug Systems and Smart Bio-devices (IDS2B), National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300093, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yao Z, Wu Y, Xu H, Lei Y, Long W, Li M, Gu Y, Jiang Z, Cao C. Prevalence and clinical characteristics of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections among dermatology inpatients: A 7-year retrospective study at a tertiary care center in southwest China. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1124930. [PMID: 36998271 PMCID: PMC10043400 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1124930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundIncreased rates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) antibiotic resistance and the associated morbidity have increased dermatologists' attention to skin and soft tissue MRSA infections. However, the clinical characterization of MRSA skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) in Southwest China is lacking, which precludes optimal prevention and treatment of these infections.ObjectivesThis study was conducted to characterize the prevalence, clinical comorbidities and antibiotic susceptibility of MRSA isolates from SSTIs, including community-associated (CA) and healthcare-associated (HA) isolates.MethodsIn the Dermatology Inpatient Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, a retrospective study was conducted on data, including patient demographics and clinical information, from culture-confirmed S. aureus isolated from skin and soft tissue between January 1, 2015, and December 31, 2021. Isolate susceptibility to 13 antibiotics was determined using the Vitek 2 system.ResultsFrom among 864 S. aureus strains, we identified 283 MRSA (32.75%) isolates comprising 203 CA-MRSA and 80 HA-MRSA isolates. The average rate of CA-MRSA isolation for MRSA SSTIs was 71.73%. The HA-MRSA isolation rate for MRSA SSTIs increased significantly. HA-MRSA-infected patients were older. The most common dermatological presentation of CA-MRSA infection was staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome, while the comorbidity severe drug eruption was significantly associated with HA-MRSA infection. One CA-MRSA strain was resistant to linezolid, and one HA-MRSA strain had an intermediate phenotype for vancomycin; both strains had low sensitivity to clindamycin and erythromycin (3.70%~19.40%). However, HA-MRSA isolates were more susceptible to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole.ConclusionsCA-MRSA is a predominant pathogen causing SSTIs, and HA-MRSA infection incidence is increasing gradually. Both strains showed increasing antibiotic resistance. Our data on MRSA susceptibility may guide dermatologist antibiotic treatment decisions. Dermatologists should consider these identified comorbidities of MRSA SSTIs when patients are admitted and initiate early prevention and treatment of MRSA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhijian Yao
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Mycosis Prevention and Treatment, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Yidan Wu
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Mycosis Prevention and Treatment, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Hongming Xu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Ying Lei
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Wanyu Long
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Meixian Li
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Yue Gu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhiwen Jiang
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Mycosis Prevention and Treatment, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Cunwei Cao
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Mycosis Prevention and Treatment, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- *Correspondence: Cunwei Cao
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Liang J, Hu Y, Fu M, Li N, Wang F, Yu X, Ji B. Resistance and Molecular Characteristics of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Heterogeneous Vancomycin-Intermediate Staphylococcus aureus. Infect Drug Resist 2023; 16:379-388. [PMID: 36714350 PMCID: PMC9882971 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s392908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the molecular epidemiology of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) isolated from patients in the Yellow River Delta region and to construct antibiotic resistance profiles in different genetic backgrounds. Methods Antibiotics susceptibility testing, staphylococcal protein A (spa) typing and accessory gene regulator (agr) typing were performed for all the 204 strains. Isolates with the positive mecA gene and heterogeneous vancomycin-intermediate S. aureus (hVISA) were subjected to multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and Staphylococcal chromosomal cassettes mec (SCCmec) typing. Results Thirty-nine MRSA strains were identified by mecA gene. Twenty-two hVISA isolates including 9 MRSA and 13 methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) strains were confirmed, the rest isolates (n = 182) were vancomycin-susceptible S. aureus (VSSA). 94.9% of MRSA and 63.6% of hVISA belonged to agrI. Fifty-seven distinct spa types including 5 novel types were mainly t309 (30.9%), t078 (11.8%) and t437 (11.8%). Fourteen sequence types (STs) containing 3 new STs were classified into 3 clone complexes (CCs) and 7 singletons among MRSA and hVISA isolates. Most MRSA isolates (87.2%) belonged to type Ⅳ SCCmec. Conclusion The predominant genotype among MRSA population was ST59-t437-agrI-IVa (53.8%), followed by ST72-t2431-agrI-IVF (15.4%). ST72 and CC5 (ST5/965/7197) were the most common hVISA clones. Both CC59 (ST59/7437) and ST72 clones were resistant to erythromycin and clindamycin among MRSA population. Strains of MSSA with phenotypic hVISA (MS-hVISA) exhibited a striking genetic diversity accompanied by the diversification of drug resistance patterns.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Liang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuanfang Hu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mingxia Fu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Binzhou People’s Hospital, Binzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fengxia Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaojun Yu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bing Ji
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, People’s Republic of China,Correspondence: Bing Ji, Email
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
PMMA/ABS/CoCl 2 Composites for Pharmaceutical Applications: Thermal, Antimicrobial, Antibiofilm, and Antioxidant Studies. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27227669. [PMID: 36431767 PMCID: PMC9698274 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27227669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In this study, PMMA/ABS/CoCl2 ternary composite films were fabricated by the solution casting technique. The different weight ratios of cobalt chloride (≤10 wt) were incorporated into the PMMA/ABS blend (80:20). The chemical structure and thermal properties of the synthesized composites were assessed by FT-IR, TGA, and XRD. The biological properties of ternary composites, such as in vitro antibacterial activity and antioxidant capacity, were investigated. The enhanced thermal stability and promising antibacterial, selective antibiofilm, and potential antioxidant properties of PMMA/ABS/cobalt chloride composites demonstrated that they can be used for high-quality plastics and in many pharmaceutical applications.
Collapse
|
7
|
Albert J, Janabi BA, Granell J, Hashemi MS, Sainz D, Khosa MK, Calvis C, Messeguer R, Baldomà L, Badia J, Font-Bardia M. Synthesis and biological properties of palladium(II) cyclometallated compounds derived from (E)-2-((4-hydroxybenzylidene)amino)phenol. J Organomet Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2022.122555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
8
|
Abd-Allah IM, El-Housseiny GS, Alshahrani MY, El-Masry SS, Aboshanab KM, Hassouna NA. An Anti-MRSA Phage From Raw Fish Rinse: Stability Evaluation and Production Optimization. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:904531. [PMID: 35656033 PMCID: PMC9152141 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.904531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence has denoted the danger of resistance in tenacious organisms like methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). MRSA, a supple bacterium that adopts a variety of antibiotic resistance mechanisms, is the cause of multiple life-threatening conditions. Approaching a post-antibiotic era, bacteria-specific natural predators, bacteriophages, are now given the chance to prove eligible for joining the antibacterial weaponry. Considering the foregoing, this study aimed at isolating bacteriophages with promising anti-MRSA lytic activity, followed by characterization and optimization of the production of the bacteriophage with the broadest host range. Five phages were isolated from different environmental sources including the rinse of raw chicken egg, raw milk, and, remarkably, the raw meat rinses of chicken and fish. Examined for lytic activity against a set of 23 MRSA isolates collected from various clinical specimens, all five phages showed relatively broad host ranges with the bacteriophage originally isolated from raw fish rinse showing lytic activity against all the isolates tested. This phage is suggested to be a member of Siphoviridae family, order Caudovirales, as revealed by electron microscopy. It also exhibited good thermal stability and viability at different pH grades. Moreover, it showed reasonable stability against UV light and all viricidal organic solvents tested. Optimization using D-optimal design by response surface methodology was carried out to enhance the phage yield. The optimum conditions suggested by the generated model were a pH value of 7, a carbon source of 0.5% w/v sucrose, and a nitrogen source of 0.1% w/v peptone, at a temperature of 28°C and a bacterial inoculum size of 107 CFU/ml, resulting in a 2 log-fold increase in the produced bacteriophage titer. Overall, the above findings indicate the lytic ability inflicted by this virus on MRSA. Apparently, its stability under some of the extreme conditions tested implies its potential to be a candidate for pharmaceutical formulation as an anti-MRSA therapeutic tool. We hope that bacteriophages could tip the balance in favor of the human front in their battle against multidrug-resistant pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Israa M. Abd-Allah
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ghadir S. El-Housseiny
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohammad Y. Alshahrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samar S. El-Masry
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Khaled M. Aboshanab
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nadia A. Hassouna
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Nielsen SS, Bicout DJ, Calistri P, Canali E, Drewe JA, Garin‐Bastuji B, Gonzales Rojas JL, Gortázar C, Herskin M, Michel V, Miranda Chueca MÁ, Padalino B, Pasquali P, Roberts HC, Spoolder H, Ståhl K, Velarde A, Viltrop A, Winckler C, Baldinelli F, Broglia A, Kohnle L, Alvarez J. Assessment of listing and categorisation of animal diseases within the framework of the Animal Health Law (Regulation (EU) No 2016/429): antimicrobial-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in cattle and horses. EFSA J 2022; 20:e07312. [PMID: 35582361 PMCID: PMC9087474 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2022.7312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) was identified among the most relevant antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) bacteria in the EU for cattle and horses in previous scientific opinions. Thus, it has been assessed according to the criteria of the Animal Health Law (AHL), in particular criteria of Article 7 on disease profile and impacts, Article 5 on its eligibility to be listed, Annex IV for its categorisation according to disease prevention and control rules as in Article 9, and Article 8 for listing animal species related to the bacterium. The assessment has been performed following a methodology previously published. The outcome is the median of the probability ranges provided by the experts, which indicates whether each criterion is fulfilled (lower bound ≥ 66%) or not (upper bound ≤ 33%), or whether there is uncertainty about fulfilment. Reasoning points are reported for criteria with uncertain outcome. According to the assessment here performed, it is uncertain whether AMR S. aureus can be considered eligible to be listed for Union intervention according to Article 5 of the AHL (60-90% probability). According to the criteria in Annex IV, for the purpose of categorisation related to the level of prevention and control as in Article 9 of the AHL, the AHAW Panel concluded that the bacterium does not meet the criteria in Sections 1, 2 and 4 (Categories A, B and D; 1-5%, 5-10% and 10-33% probability of meeting the criteria, respectively) and the AHAW Panel was uncertain whether it meets the criteria in Sections 3 and 5 (Categories C and E, 33-90% and 60-90% probability of meeting the criteria, respectively). The animal species to be listed for AMR S. aureus according to Article 8 criteria include mainly mammals, birds, reptiles and fish.
Collapse
|
10
|
Abd El-Aziz FEZA, Hetta HF, Abdelhamid BN, Abd Ellah NH. Antibacterial and wound-healing potential of PLGA/spidroin nanoparticles: a study on earthworms as a human skin model. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2022; 17:353-365. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2021-0325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: The essential protein element of spider silk ‘spidroin’ was used to assess its impact on the wound-healing process. Methods: Spidroin nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared using poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) polymer (PLGA/spidroin NPs) at different weight ratios (5:1, 10:1, 15:1) and were in vitro characterized. The optimized NPs were tested in vitro for release and antibacterial activity. To assess wound-healing effects, NPs were topically applied on surgically induced injuries in Allolobophora caliginosa earthworms as a robust human skin model. Results: Optimized NPs (173 ± 3 nm) revealed considerable antibacterial effect against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. After 4 days of NPs application on wounds, macroscopical and histological examinations revealed a significant reduction in wound and re-epithelialization times. Conclusion: PLGA/spidroin NPs may represent a promising option for wound repair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Helal F Hetta
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, 71526, Egypt
| | - Basma N Abdelhamid
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, 71526, Egypt
| | - Noura H Abd Ellah
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, 71526, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Aouati H, Hadjadj L, Aouati F, Agabou A, Ben Khedher M, Bousseboua H, Bentchouala C, Rolain JM, Diene SM. Emergence of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus ST239/241 SCCmec-III Mercury in Eastern Algeria. Pathogens 2021; 10:1503. [PMID: 34832658 PMCID: PMC8621676 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10111503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we investigate the epidemiology of infections-associated Staphylococcusaureus (S. aureus) from the Medical Intensive Care Unit (MICU) at University Hospital Center of Constantine (UHCC) in Algeria, with a special emphasis on methicillin-resistant strains (MRSA) revealed by cefoxitin disks (30 μg), then confirmed by penicillin-binding protein (PBP2a) agglutination and real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) targeting mecA and mecC genes. Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome mec (SCCmec type), staphylococcal protein A (spa-type), multilocus sequence type (MLST), Panton-Valentine Leucocidin (PVL), and toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1) were further investigated in all isolates, and whole genome sequencing was performed for a selected subset of three hospital-acquired MRSA (HA-MRSA) isolates. A measurement of 80% out of the 50 S. aureus isolates were identified as HA-MRSA harbouring the mecA gene, and 72.5% of them were multidrug resistant (MDR). Twelve STs, four different SCCmec cassettes, fourteen spa types, ten isolates Panton-Valentine Leukocidin (PVL)-positive, and three isolates TSST-1 were identified. Interestingly, there was a high prevalence (n = 29; 72.5%) of a worrisome emerging clone: the HA-MRSA ST239/241 SCCmec-III mercury with PVL negative, resistant to β-lactams, aminoglycosides, quinolones, and tetracyclines. Other clones of HA-MRSA isolates were also identified, including PVL-positive ST80 SCCmec-IV/SCCmec-unknown (22.5%), ST34 SCCmec-V with TSST-1 positive (2.5%), and PVL-negative ST72 SCCmec-II (2.5%). Genome analysis enables us to describe the first detection of both PVL-negative HA-MRSA ST239/241 SCCmec-III mercury carrying ccrC, as well as SCCmec-V cassette, which dramatically changes the epidemiology of S. aureus infections in one of the hospitals in eastern Algeria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanane Aouati
- Département de Microbiologie, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université des Frères Mentouri Constantine 1, Constantine 25017, Algeria;
- MEPHI, IRD, APHM, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Faculté de Pharmacie, Aix-Marseille Université, 13005 Marseille, France; (L.H.); (M.B.K.); (J.-M.R.)
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Salah Boubnider Constantine 3, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Ben Badis, Service de Microbiologie, BP 125, Constantine 25000, Algeria;
| | - Linda Hadjadj
- MEPHI, IRD, APHM, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Faculté de Pharmacie, Aix-Marseille Université, 13005 Marseille, France; (L.H.); (M.B.K.); (J.-M.R.)
| | - Farida Aouati
- Département d’Anesthésie-Réanimation Chirurgicale, Université Paris Nord, APHP, Hôpital Beaujon, 92110 Clichy, France;
| | - Amir Agabou
- Institut Vétérinaire, Université des frères Mentouri Constantine 1, Laboratoire de Recherche PADESCA, Constantine 25071, Algeria;
| | - Mariem Ben Khedher
- MEPHI, IRD, APHM, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Faculté de Pharmacie, Aix-Marseille Université, 13005 Marseille, France; (L.H.); (M.B.K.); (J.-M.R.)
| | - Hacène Bousseboua
- Ecole de Biotechnologie, Université Salah Boubnider Constantine 3, Laboratoire de Génie Microbiologique, BP E66, Constantine 25000, Algeria;
| | - Chafia Bentchouala
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Salah Boubnider Constantine 3, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Ben Badis, Service de Microbiologie, BP 125, Constantine 25000, Algeria;
| | - Jean-Marc Rolain
- MEPHI, IRD, APHM, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Faculté de Pharmacie, Aix-Marseille Université, 13005 Marseille, France; (L.H.); (M.B.K.); (J.-M.R.)
| | - Seydina M. Diene
- MEPHI, IRD, APHM, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Faculté de Pharmacie, Aix-Marseille Université, 13005 Marseille, France; (L.H.); (M.B.K.); (J.-M.R.)
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
The Bacterial Profile and Microbial Susceptibility of Acute and Chronic Dacryocystitis in Matini Hospital, Kashan, Iran. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2021. [DOI: 10.5812/jjm.115547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Recent studies have shown an increasing incidence of antibiotic resistance in dacryocystitis. Management of diseases may include determining microbial agents and choosing appropriate antibiotics for treatment. Objectives: This study aimed to present the best treatments for dacryocystitis. To this end, specimens' microbiology and antibiotic susceptibility were examined in patients with dacryocystitis in the microbiology laboratory of the Kashan University of Medical Sciences. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 172 patients presenting with acute and chronic dacryocystitis at the Matini Hospital, Kashan, between 2017 - 2018. Patient characteristics, culture isolates, and antimicrobial susceptibility data were collected. The PCR assay of the mecA gene was performed in all methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus isolates. Results: The most common bacteria were coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS), Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Acinetobacter baumannii. The majority of the isolated microbes were sensitive to rifampicin, linezolid, amikacin, and gentamicin. In Gram-negative bacilli, nine of the isolates were extended-spectrum beta-lactamase positive. The PCR test showed the frequency of mecA gene of resistant S. aureus and resistant CoNS isolates to be 40 and 46.3%, respectively. Conclusions: Coagulase-negative staphylococci were the most frequently isolated bacteria. The highest antibiotic susceptibility was observed to rifampin, linezolid, amikacin, and gentamicin. A high percentage of CoNS carried the mecA gene.
Collapse
|
13
|
Ma M, Chu M, Tao L, Li J, Li X, Huang H, Qu K, Wang H, Li L, Du T. First Report of Oxacillin Susceptible mecA-Positive Staphylococcus aureus in a Children's Hospital in Kunming, China. Infect Drug Resist 2021; 14:2597-2606. [PMID: 34262304 PMCID: PMC8275014 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s317670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The present study investigated the prevalence characteristics of oxacillin susceptible mecA-positive Staphylococcus aureus (OS-MRSA) in a children's hospital in Kunming from January 2019 to December 2020. Methods A total of 499 S. aureus strains were included in the study and tested for oxacillin susceptibility using the VITEK 2 Compact automated antimicrobial susceptibility test system. All oxacillin-susceptible strains were detected mecA and mecC by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). E-test was used to compare the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA), methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), and OS-MRSA for oxacillin, cefoxitin, penicillin, vancomycin, erythromycin, and clindamycin. Molecular typing of OS-MRSA was performed by MLST and SCCmec typing. Toxin genes were detected by PCR. Results Forty-five OS-MRSA strains were detected, for an overall rate of 9.02% (45/499). The MICs of MSSA, OS-MRSA, and MRSA against oxacillin were concentrated at 0.38, 0.38, and 12 μg/mL, respectively; the cefoxitin MICs of MSSA and MRSA were concentrated at 2 and 32 μg/mL respectively; and MICs of OS-MRSA were concentrated at 2 and 8 μg/mL; penicillin, vancomycin and erythromycin MICs against MSSA, OS-MRSA, and MRSA showed same centralized points and were 32, 1, and 256 μg/mL, respectively; the MICs of clindamycin against MSSA were 0.5 μg/mL, while that against OS-MRSA and MRSA were concentrated at 256 μg/mL. Molecular typing of OS-MRSA was dominated by ST59-SCCmec IV. The carrier rates of hemolysin genes (hl-a, hl-d) and fibrinogen-binding clumping factor genes (clfA, clfB) were 100% in OS-MRSA, followed by 40% (18/45) for enterotoxin genes (sea, seb). Conclusion OS-MRSA has a high detection rate in children, and main molecular typing is ST59-SCCmecIV in Kunming. The identification ability of automated antibacterial drug sensitivity test detection systems for OS-MRSA is very limited. A combination of phenotypic analysis and molecular detection should be used to improve OS-MRSA identification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingbiao Ma
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China.,Yunnan Key Laboratory of Children's Major Disease Research, Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Minjun Chu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lvyan Tao
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Children's Major Disease Research, Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China.,Yunnan Institute of Pediatrics, Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China.,Kunming Key Laboratory of Children Infection and Immunity, Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jue Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojuan Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hailin Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Kexuan Qu
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiping Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Li
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Children's Major Disease Research, Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China.,Yunnan Institute of Pediatrics, Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China.,Kunming Key Laboratory of Children Infection and Immunity, Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingyi Du
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China.,Yunnan Key Laboratory of Children's Major Disease Research, Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Jiang H, Wang K, Yan M, Ye Q, Lin X, Chen L, Ye Y, Zhang L, Liu J, Huang T. Pathogenic and Virulence Factor Detection on Viable but Non-culturable Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:630053. [PMID: 33841357 PMCID: PMC8027501 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.630053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Food safety and foodborne infections and diseases have been a leading hotspot in public health, and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has been recently documented to be an important foodborne pathogen, in addition to its recognition to be a leading clinical pathogen for some decades. Standard identification for MRSA has been commonly performed in both clinical settings and food routine detection; however, most of such so-called "standards," "guidelines," or "gold standards" are incapable of detecting viable but non-culturable (VBNC) cells. In this study, two major types of staphylococcal food poisoning (SFP), staphylococcal enterotoxins A (sea) and staphylococcal enterotoxins B (seb), as well as the panton-valentine leucocidin (pvl) genes, were selected to develop a cross-priming amplification (CPA) method. Limit of detection (LOD) of CPA for sea, seb, and pvl was 75, 107.5, and 85 ng/μl, indicating that the analytical sensitivity of CPA is significantly higher than that of conventional PCR. In addition, a rapid VBNC cells detection method, designated as PMA-CPA, was developed and further applied. PMA-CPA showed significant advantages when compared with PCR assays, in terms of rapidity, sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy. Compared with conventional VBNC confirmation methods, the PMA-CPA showed 100% accordance, which had demonstrated that the PMA-CPA assays were capable of detecting different toxins in MRSA in VBNC state. In conclusion, three CPA assays were developed on three important toxins for MRSA, and in combination with PMA, the PMA-CPA assay was capable of detecting virulent gene expression in MRSA in the VBNC state. Also, the above assays were further applied to real samples. As concluded, the PMA-CPA assay developed in this study was capable of detecting MRSA toxins in the VBNC state, representing first time the detection of toxins in the VBNC state.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hua Jiang
- Department of Haematology, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kan Wang
- Center for Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Muxia Yan
- Department of Haematology, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qian Ye
- Department of Haematology, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaojing Lin
- Department of Haematology, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ling Chen
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanrui Ye
- School of Biological Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Haematology, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junyan Liu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD, United States
- *Correspondence: Junyan Liu,
| | - Tengyi Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- Tengyi Huang,
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Abd Ellah NH, Shaltout AS, Abd El Aziz SMM, Abbas AM, Abd El Moneem HG, Youness EM, Arief AF, Ali MF, Abd El-Hamid BN. Vaginal suppositories of cumin seeds essential oil for treatment of vaginal candidiasis: Formulation, in vitro, in vivo, and clinical evaluation. Eur J Pharm Sci 2020; 157:105602. [PMID: 33086117 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2020.105602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Fungal infections by resistant Candida species continue to be a significant health problem. Novel antifungal agents such as essential oils of cumin seeds (EOCS) are tested against vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC). The aim of this study was to develop coated polyethylene glycol (PEG) vaginal suppositories containing EOCS for treatment of VVC. PEG suppositories containing EOCS were prepared ppearance, weight variation, drug content, hardness, dissolution time, release, stability and anticandida activity were evaluated. Biocompatibility of selected formulation was tested in female rabbits, followed by clinical evaluation. Coated suppositories showed complete release of the oil after 30 min, in vitro anti-candida activity, enhanced stability and sufficient safety on the vaginal tissues of rabbits. Clinical results showed significant lower rates of vaginal itching, discharge and dyspareunia combined with negative cultures in 70% of patients, revealing efficacy of EOCS-containing vaginal suppositories for treatment of VVC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noura H Abd Ellah
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, 71526, Egypt.
| | - Asmaa S Shaltout
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, 71526, Egypt
| | - Shreen M M Abd El Aziz
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, 71526, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Abbas
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Assiut University, Egypt Women's Health Hospital, Assiut, 71511, Egypt
| | - Hasnaa G Abd El Moneem
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecological Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Assiut University, Assiut, 71511, Egypt
| | - Entisar M Youness
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecological Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Assiut University, Assiut, 71511, Egypt
| | - Amal F Arief
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecological Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Assiut University, Assiut, 71511, Egypt
| | - Marwa F Ali
- Department of Pathology and clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, 71515, Egypt
| | - Basma N Abd El-Hamid
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, 71526, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Ullah K, Khan SA, Mannan A, Khan R, Murtaza G, Yameen MA. Enhancing the Antibacterial Activity of Erythromycin with Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles against MRSA. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2020; 21:948-954. [PMID: 31994459 DOI: 10.2174/1389201021666200128124142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is the most common infectious agent in the community and hospitals. Infections with S. aureus are now becoming difficult to be treated by using conventional antibiotics due to its emerging methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) strain. OBJECTIVE In the present study, MRSA was isolated from clinical samples and evaluated for resistance against different antibiotics, TiO2 nanoparticles, and their combinations. METHODS Clinical samples were collected from Ayub Medical Complex (AMC), Abbottabad, Pakistan, and identified by different biochemical tests and polymerase chain reactions (PCR). Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method was performed to evaluate antimicrobial susceptibility. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of ampicillin, ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, and vancomycin was found out by agar dilution method while the broth dilution method was used for the MIC of TiO2 nanoparticles and their combinations with erythromycin. RESULTS All 13/100 (13%) MRSA were successfully identified. All isolates were susceptible to quinupristin/ dalfopristin, teicoplanin, and vancomycin, while the highest resistance was seen with erythromycin, penicillin, and tetracycline. MIC showed high resistance against ampicillin (0.25-512 mg/L) and erythromycin (0.25-1024 mg/L). CONCLUSION The MIC value of 2 mM TiO2 nanoparticles was found to be the most effective concentration after 12 h of incubation, while the combination of erythromycin with 3 mM TiO2 nanoparticles was found to be more potent which significantly lowered down the MIC of erythromycin to 2-16 mg/L.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaleem Ullah
- Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus 22060, Pakistan
| | - Shujaat A Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus 22060, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Mannan
- Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus 22060, Pakistan
| | - Romana Khan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus 22060, Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Murtaza
- Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus 54000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad A Yameen
- Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus 22060, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Sasaki H, Ishikawa H, Itoh T, Arano M, Hirata K, Ueshiba H. Penicillin-Binding Proteins and Associated Protein Mutations Confer Oxacillin/Cefoxitin Tolerance in Borderline Oxacillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Microb Drug Resist 2020; 27:590-595. [DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2020.0191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hiraku Sasaki
- Department of Health Science, Faculty of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Inzai, Japan
| | - Hiroki Ishikawa
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Showa University School of Medicine, Shinagawa-ku, Japan
| | - Taisuke Itoh
- Department of Health Science, Faculty of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Inzai, Japan
| | - Makoto Arano
- Department of Health Science, Faculty of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Inzai, Japan
| | - Koya Hirata
- Department of Health Science, Faculty of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Inzai, Japan
| | - Hidehiro Ueshiba
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tokyo Women's Medical University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Aljahani A, Alarjani K, Hassan Z, Elkhadragy M, Ismail E, Al-Masoud A, Yehia H. Molecular detection of methicillin heat-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains in pasteurized camel milk in Saudi Arabia. Biosci Rep 2020; 40:BSR20193470. [PMID: 32202302 PMCID: PMC7167254 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20193470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic- and heat-resistant bacteria in camel milk is a potential public health problem. Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is an opportunistic pathogen in humans, dairy cattle and camels. We characterized the phenotype and genotype of methicillin-resistant staphylococcal strains recovered from pasteurized and raw camel milk (as control) distributed in the retail markets of Saudi Arabia. Of the 100 samples assessed between March and May 2016, 20 S. aureus isolates were recovered from pasteurized milk, 10 of which were resistant to cefoxitin, and as such, were methicillin-resistant. However, raw camel milk did not contain methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). Antimicrobial susceptibility tests showed that the resistance ratio for other antibiotics was 60%. We performed a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay using primers for the methicillin-resistant gene mecA and nucleotide sequencing to detect and verify the methicillin-resistant strains. Basic local alignment search tool (BLAST) analysis of the gene sequences showed a 96-100% similarity between the resistant isolates and the S. aureus CS100 strain's mecA gene. Ten of the methicillin-resistant isolates were heat-resistant and were stable at temperatures up to 85°C for 60 s, and three of these were resistant at 90°C for 60 or 90 s. The mean decimal reduction time (D85-value) was 111 s for the ten isolates. Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) showed that there was no difference in the total protein profiles for the ten methicillin heat-resistant S. aureus (MHRSA) isolates and for S. aureus ATCC 29737. In conclusion, a relatively high percentage of the tested pasteurized camel milk samples contained S. aureus (20%) and MHRSA (10%).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amani H. Aljahani
- Department of Physical Sport Science, Nutrition and Food Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khaloud M. Alarjani
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zeinab K. Hassan
- Cancer Biology Department, Virology and Immunolgy Unit, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Manal F. Elkhadragy
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo 11790, Egypt
| | - Elsayed A. Ismail
- Department of Dairy Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Benha 13518, Egypt
| | - Abdulrahman H. Al-Masoud
- Food Science and Nutrition Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hany M. Yehia
- Food Science and Nutrition Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Food Science and Nutrition Department, Faculty of Home Economics, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Yehia HM, Al-Masoud AH, Alarjani KM, Alamri MS. Prevalence of methicillin-resistant (mecA gene) and heat-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains in pasteurized camel milk. J Dairy Sci 2020; 103:5947-5963. [PMID: 32359985 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-17631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a significant opportunistic pathogen in humans, dairy cattle, and camels. The presence of antibiotic-resistant and heat-resistant bacteria in camel milk has become a potential public health issue. The phenotypic and molecular characterization of methicillin-resistant staphylococcal strains recovered from pasteurized camel milk distributed in retail markets of Saudi Arabia was assessed. A total of 100 samples were collected between March and May 2017. Out of the 20 S. aureus isolates that were recovered from the pasteurized camel milk, 10 were found to be resistant to cefoxitin (30 µg) and, thus, were designated as methicillin-resistant strains. The resistance ratio of methicillin-resistant S. aureus isolates for a different class of antibiotics was determined by performing the antimicrobial susceptibility test and was estimated to be approximately 60%. Polymerase chain reaction assay was performed to amplify the methicillin-resistant gene mecA, and furthermore, nucleotide sequencing was performed to detect and verify the presence of methicillin-resistant strains. Upon sequencing the putative S. aureus methicillin-resistant strains, we obtained 96 to 100% similarity to the penicillin-binding protein 2a gene (mecA) of the S. aureus strain CS100. Moreover, the 10 methicillin-resistant S. aureus isolates were also identified to be heat resistant and were stable at temperatures up to 85°C for 60 s, with 3 isolates being heat resistant even at 90°C for 60 or 90 s. The mean decimal reduction time (D85 value) was 111 s for all the 10 isolates. No difference was observed in the profile of total protein between the 10 methicillin- and heat-resistant S. aureus isolates and the S. aureus strain ATCC 29737, which was determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-PAGE analyses. Therefore, we could conclude that a relatively high percentage of the tested pasteurized camel milk samples were contaminated with S. aureus (20%) and methicillin- and heat-resistant S. aureus (10%).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hany M Yehia
- Food Science and Nutrition Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; Food Science and Nutrition Department, Faculty of Home Economics, Helwan University, P.O. Box 11611, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Abdulrahman H Al-Masoud
- Food Science and Nutrition Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khaloud M Alarjani
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed S Alamri
- Food Science and Nutrition Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Ou A, Wang K, Mao Y, Yuan L, Ye Y, Chen L, Zou Y, Huang T. First Report on the Rapid Detection and Identification of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in Viable but Non-culturable (VBNC) Under Food Storage Conditions. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:615875. [PMID: 33488559 PMCID: PMC7817642 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.615875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Formation of viable but non-culturable (VBNC) status in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has never been reported, and it poses a significant concern for food safety. Thus, this study aimed to firstly develop a rapid, cost-effective, and efficient testing method to detect and differentiate MRSA strains in the VBNC state and further apply this in real food samples. Two targets were selected for detection of MRSA and toxin, and rapid isothermal amplification detection assays were developed based on cross-priming amplification methodology. VBNC formation was performed for MRSA strain in both pure culture and in artificially contaminated samples, then propidium monoazide (PMA) treatment was further conducted. Development, optimization, and evaluation of PMA-crossing priming amplification (CPA) were further performed on detection of MRSA in the VBNC state. Finally, application of PMA-CPA was further applied for detection on MRSA in the VBNC state in contaminated food samples. As concluded in this study, formation of the VBNC state in MRSA strains has been verified, then two PMA-CPA assays have been developed and applied to detect MRSA in the VBNC state from pure culture and food samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aifen Ou
- Department of Food, Guangzhou City Polytechnic, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kan Wang
- Center for Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Yanxiong Mao
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lei Yuan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yanrui Ye
- School of Biological Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ling Chen
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yimin Zou
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yimin Zou,
| | - Tengyi Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- Tengyi Huang,
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Abd Ellah NH, Abd El‐Aziz FEA, Abouelmagd SA, Abd El‐Hamid BN, Hetta HF. Spidroin in carbopol‐based gel promotes wound healing in earthworm's skin model. Drug Dev Res 2019; 80:1051-1061. [DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Revised: 07/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Noura H. Abd Ellah
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, Medical Sciences BuildingUniversity of Cincinnati Cincinnati Ohio USA
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of PharmacyAssiut University Assiut Egypt
| | | | - Sara A. Abouelmagd
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of PharmacyAssiut University Assiut Egypt
| | | | - Helal F. Hetta
- Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of Cincinnati College of Medicine Cincinnati Ohio USA
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of MedicineAssiut University Assiut Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Titouche Y, Hakem A, Houali K, Meheut T, Vingadassalon N, Ruiz-Ripa L, Salmi D, Chergui A, Chenouf N, Hennekinne J, Torres C, Auvray F. Emergence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) ST8 in raw milk and traditional dairy products in the Tizi Ouzou area of Algeria. J Dairy Sci 2019; 102:6876-6884. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-16208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
23
|
Efficacy of ketoconazole gel-flakes in treatment of vaginal candidiasis: Formulation, in vitro and clinical evaluation. Int J Pharm 2019; 567:118472. [PMID: 31252146 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.118472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Candida albicans, as the main causative fungus of vaginal candidiasis, is currently a global issue of concern due to its high prevalence, biofilm formation and emergence of resistance. Ketoconazole (KTZ), an antifungal drug, which has poor water-solubility and penetration capacity, is ineffective against deep-seated Candida infection. Considering these issues, this work aimed to develop a novel multifunctional carrier for KTZ via encapsulation of KTZ/β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) co-ground mixture into chitosan/gellan gum gel-flakes (threadlike and polygonal structures). Analytical studies revealed existence of electrostatic-derived complexes between negatively charged gellan gum and positively charged chitosan. Gel-flakes were then loaded in in situ gel of pluronic F-127 (PF-127). Based on gelation temperature (Tgel), viscosity and release studies; selected formulation was further evaluated, showing significant in vitro anti-candida activity. Despite reduced dosage regimen (50 mg/daily/three days), KTZ flakes in situ gel was as effective as Gynoconazol vaginal cream® (80 mg terconazole/daily/three days) in improving patient complaints and Candida eradication. Multifunctionality of KTZ carrier was based on efficient spreading and coating of the vagina due to free-flowing properties during application, flakes entanglement within folded vaginal epithelia, sustained release and increased penetration capacity of KTZ to reach deep-seated infections. In conclusion, flakes in situ gel could be considered as a highly promising KTZ delivery option for treatment of vaginal candidiasis.
Collapse
|
24
|
Alnakip ME, Quintela-Baluja M, Böhme K, Caamaño-Antelo S, Bayoumi MA, Kamal RM, Merwad AM, Calo-Mata P, Barros-Velázquez J. Molecular characterisation and typing the methicillin resistance of Staphylococcus spp. isolated from raw milk and cheeses in northwest Spain: A mini survey. Int Dairy J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2018.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
25
|
Kang DY, Hong JS, Park BY, Jang IH, Kim D, Lee H, Jeong SH. Performance Evaluation of Newly Developed Korean Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing Panels for MicroScan System Using Clinical Isolates from Teaching Hospitals in Korea. ANNALS OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.5145/acm.2019.22.3.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Da Young Kang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Research Institute of Bacterial Resistance, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Sangji University College of Health Science, Wonju, Korea
| | - Jun Sung Hong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Research Institute of Bacterial Resistance, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byeol Yi Park
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Research Institute of Bacterial Resistance, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Sangji University College of Health Science, Wonju, Korea
| | - In-Ho Jang
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Sangji University College of Health Science, Wonju, Korea
| | - Dokyun Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Research Institute of Bacterial Resistance, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyukmin Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Research Institute of Bacterial Resistance, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seok Hoon Jeong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Research Institute of Bacterial Resistance, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Mahmood K, Hashmi W, Ismail H, Mirza B, Twamley B, Akhter Z, Rozas I, Baker RJ. Synthesis, DNA binding and antibacterial activity of metal(II) complexes of a benzimidazole Schiff base. Polyhedron 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2018.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
27
|
Marek A, Pyzik E, Stępień-Pyśniak D, Urban-Chmiel R, Jarosz ŁS. Association Between the Methicillin Resistance of Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Slaughter Poultry, Their Toxin Gene Profiles and Prophage Patterns. Curr Microbiol 2018; 75:1256-1266. [PMID: 29845336 PMCID: PMC6132865 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-018-1518-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In this work, 85 strains of Staphylococcus aureus were isolated from samples taken from slaughter poultry in Poland. Attempts were made to determine the prophage profile of the strains and to investigate the presence in their genome of genes responsible for the production of five classical enterotoxins (A–E), toxic shock syndrome toxin (TSST-1), exfoliative toxins (ETA and ETB) and staphylokinase (SAK). For this purpose, multiplex PCR was performed using primer-specific pairs for targeted genes. The presence of the mecA gene was found in 26 strains (30.6%). The genomes of one of the methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) strains and two methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) strains contained the gene responsible for the production of enterotoxin A. Only one MRSA strain and two MSSA strains showed the presence of the toxic shock syndrome toxin (tst) gene. Only one of the MSSA strains had the gene (eta) responsible for the production of exfoliative toxins A. The presence of the staphylokinase gene (sak) was confirmed in 13 MRSA strains and in 5 MSSA strains. The study results indicated a high prevalence of prophages among the test isolates of Staphylococcus aureus. In all, 15 prophage patterns were observed among the isolates. The presence of 77-like prophages incorporated into bacterial genome was especially often demonstrated. Various authors emphasize the special role of these prophages in the spread of virulence factors (staphylokinase, enterotoxin A) not only within strains of the same species but also between species and even types of bacteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Marek
- Sub-Department of Preventive Veterinary and Avian Diseases, Institute of Biological Bases of Animal Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, 20-950, Lublin, Poland.
| | - Ewelina Pyzik
- Sub-Department of Preventive Veterinary and Avian Diseases, Institute of Biological Bases of Animal Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, 20-950, Lublin, Poland
| | - Dagmara Stępień-Pyśniak
- Sub-Department of Preventive Veterinary and Avian Diseases, Institute of Biological Bases of Animal Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, 20-950, Lublin, Poland
| | - Renata Urban-Chmiel
- Sub-Department of Preventive Veterinary and Avian Diseases, Institute of Biological Bases of Animal Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, 20-950, Lublin, Poland
| | - Łukasz S Jarosz
- Department of Epizootiology and Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Głęboka 30, 20-612, Lublin, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
El-Mokhtar MA, Hetta HF. Ambulance vehicles as a source of multidrug-resistant infections: a multicenter study in Assiut City, Egypt. Infect Drug Resist 2018; 11:587-594. [PMID: 29731647 PMCID: PMC5926072 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s151783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ambulances may represent a potential source of infection to patients, patients’ relatives, and paramedical staffs. In this study, we analyzed the extent of bacterial contamination in ambulance vehicles and measured the degree of antimicrobial resistance among isolated pathogens. Materials and methods Twenty-five vehicles were included and 16 sampling points were swabbed in each vehicle. Then the swabs were immediately transferred to the laboratory to identify bacterial contaminants utilizing standard microbiological procedures and API® systems. Antibiotic susceptibility testing and screening for methicillin-resistant staphylococci and extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs)-producing Gram-negative rods were carried out. Results A total of 400 samples were collected, 589 bacteria were isolated and 286 (48.6%) of the isolates were potentially pathogenic. The highest contamination rate with pathogenic bacteria was detected in suction devices (75.8%) and stethoscopes (67.7%). Staphylococci were the most frequently detected microorganisms (n=184) followed by Klebsiella spp. (49), Escherichia coli (40), Citrobacter spp. (7), and Proteus spp. (6). Staphylococci were mostly sensitive to vancomycin, whereas Gram-negative bacteria were sensitive to imipenem. Overall, 46.1% of Staphylococcus aureus were methicillin resistant, whereas 20.4% of the coagulase-negative staphylococci were methicillin resistant. Moreover, 36.7% of Klebsiella spp. and 27.5% of E. coli were ESBL producers. Conclusion Our study provides evidence that ambulances represent a source of prehospital multidrug-resistant infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A El-Mokhtar
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Helal F Hetta
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
M. Elkenan R. Genetic Characterization of Enterotoxigenic Strains of Methicillin-Resistant and Susceptible Staphylococcus aureus Recovered from Bovine Mastitis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.3923/ajbs.2018.1.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
30
|
Hryniewicz MM, Garbacz K. Borderline oxacillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (BORSA) – a more common problem than expected? J Med Microbiol 2017; 66:1367-1373. [DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.000585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Maria M. Hryniewicz
- Department of Oral Microbiology, Medical University of Gdansk, Dębowa 25, 80-204 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Garbacz
- Department of Oral Microbiology, Medical University of Gdansk, Dębowa 25, 80-204 Gdansk, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Getahun E, Gelaw B, Assefa A, Assefa Y, Amsalu A. Bacterial pathogens associated with external ocular infections alongside eminent proportion of multidrug resistant isolates at the University of Gondar Hospital, northwest Ethiopia. BMC Ophthalmol 2017; 17:151. [PMID: 28830451 PMCID: PMC5567627 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-017-0548-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND External ocular infection is a public health problem in Ethiopia. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of external ocular bacterial infections. METHODS A cross sectional study was conducted at the University of Gondar Hospital among patients seeking health services at the Department of Ophthalmology from January to April, 2016. All patients with suspected external ocular infections were examined under slit lamp microscope. External ocular samples were collected using aseptic techniques. All samples were investigated by culture and bacteria were identified using standard methods. Drug susceptibility test was done using the Kirby-Bauer Disk diffusion method according to the guidelines of Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI). RESULT A total of 312 samples were collected and 58.3% were culture positive. The proportion of Gram positive bacterial pathogens was (88%), and Staphylococcus aureus (50.3%) was the predominantly isolated pathogen, followed by Coagulase negative staphylococci (CoNS) (33.5%) and Klebsiella species (4.7%). Conjunctivitis was the dominant clinical feature, but a high positive result for bacterial pathogens was observed among patients with dacryocystitis cases. The Gram positive bacterial isolates were susceptible to ciprofloxacin, chloramphinicol, amoxicillin-clavulanate and ceftriaxone. However, 65% of these Gram positive bacterial pathogens showed resistance to penicillin, ampicillin and amoxicillin. The prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection was 24% and multidrug resistance (MDR) was observed in 87% of the isolated bacteria. CONCLUSION Conjunctivitis was the dominant ophthalmic disease followed by blepharitis. The dominant bacteria species was S. aureus and MRSA infection is increasingly prevalent. The overall MDR bacterial pathogen proportion was very high. The high prevalence of MRSA and MDR bacterial pathogens dictate the need for effective prevention as important as for therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ergibnesh Getahun
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences (CMHS), University of Gondar (UOG), P.O. box 196, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Baye Gelaw
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences (CMHS), University of Gondar (UOG), P.O. box 196, Gondar, Ethiopia.
| | - Abate Assefa
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences (CMHS), University of Gondar (UOG), P.O. box 196, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Yared Assefa
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, CMHS, UOG, P.O. box 196, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Anteneh Amsalu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences (CMHS), University of Gondar (UOG), P.O. box 196, Gondar, Ethiopia
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Khairalla AS, Wasfi R, Ashour HM. Carriage frequency, phenotypic, and genotypic characteristics of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from dental health-care personnel, patients, and environment. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7390. [PMID: 28784993 PMCID: PMC5547136 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07713-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
There is limited data on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) carriage in dental clinics. 1300 specimens from patients, health personnel, and environmental surfaces of a dental clinic in Egypt were tested for MRSA. Antibiotic susceptibility, biofilm formation, Staphylococcal protein A (spa) typing, SCCmec typing, and PCR-based assays were used to detect mecA, mecC, vanA, Panton-Valentine Leukocidin toxin (PVL), and toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (tst) genes. Among 34 mecA-positive MRSA isolates, five (14.7%) were PVL-positive, seventeen (50%) were tst-positive, ten (29.4%) were vanA-positive, while none harboured mecC. MRSA hand carriage rates in patients, nurses, and dentists were 9.8%, 6.6%, and 5%. The respective nasal colonization rates were 11.1%, 6.7%, and 9.7%. 1.3% of the environmental isolates were MRSA-positive. Strong and moderate biofilm-forming isolates represented 23.5% and 29.4% of MRSA isolates. 24 MRSA isolates (70.6%) were multi-resistant and 18 (52.9%) harboured SCCmec IV. Among eight spa types, t223 (26.5%), t267 (23.5%), and t14339 (23.5%) were predominant. We noted an alarming genetic relatedness between 7 (20.6%) MRSA isolates and the epidemic EMRSA-15 clone, as well as a combined occurrence of tst and PVL in 3 (8.8%) isolates. Results suggest high MRSA pathogenicity in dental wards highlighting the need for more efficient surveillance/infection control strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed S Khairalla
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Reham Wasfi
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), Giza, Egypt
| | - Hossam M Ashour
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of South Florida St. Petersburg, St. Petersburg, Florida, USA.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Endo and exo cyclopalladated ( E )- N -([1,1'-biphenyl]-2-yl)-1-mesitylmethanimines: Anticancer, antibacterial and antioxidant activities. J Organomet Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2017.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
|
34
|
Zhang H, Ma L, Ma L, Hua MZ, Wang S, Lu X. Rapid detection of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in pork using a nucleic acid-based lateral flow immunoassay. Int J Food Microbiol 2017; 243:64-69. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2016.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Revised: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
35
|
|
36
|
Dupieux C, Trouillet-Assant S, Tasse J, Freydière AM, Raulin O, Roure-Sobas C, Salord H, Tigaud S, Laurent F. Evaluation of a commercial immunochromatographic assay for rapid routine identification of PBP2a-positive Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2016; 86:262-264. [DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2016.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Revised: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
37
|
Disk Diffusion Testing for Detection of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococci: Does Moxalactam Improve upon Cefoxitin? J Clin Microbiol 2016; 54:2905-2909. [PMID: 27629897 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.01195-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Disk diffusion testing is widely used to detect methicillin resistance in staphylococci, and cefoxitin is currently considered the best marker for mecA-mediated methicillin resistance. In low-inoculum diffusion testing (colony suspension at 106 CFU/ml), the addition of moxalactam in combination with cefoxitin has been reported to improve on cefoxitin alone for the detection of methicillin-heteroresistant staphylococci. However, moxalactam is absent from EUCAST and CLSI guidelines, which use high-inoculum diffusion testing (colony suspension at 108 CFU/ml), calling into question the potential interest of including moxalactam in their recommendations. The inhibition zone diameters of cefoxitin and moxalactam, alone and in combination, were evaluated for concordance with mecA and mecC positivity in a large collection of clinical Staphylococcus isolates (611 Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus lugdunensis, and Staphylococcus saprophyticus isolates and 307 coagulase-negative staphylococci other than S. lugdunensis and S. saprophyticus isolates, of which 22% and 53% were mecA-positive, respectively) and in 25 mecC-positive S. aureus isolates using high-inoculum diffusion testing. Receiver operating characteristic, sensitivity, and specificity analyses indicated that the detection of mecA- and mecC-positive and negative isolates did not improve with moxalactam, either alone or in combination with cefoxitin, compared to cefoxitin alone. These findings were similar in both the S. aureus/S. lugdunensis/S. saprophyticus group and in the coagulase-negative staphylococci group. Our results do not support the use of moxalactam as an additional marker of methicillin resistance when testing with high-inoculum disk diffusion.
Collapse
|
38
|
Study on Prevalence, Antibiotic Susceptibility, and tuf Gene Sequence-Based Genotyping of Species-Level of Coagulase-Negative Staphylococcus Isolated From Keratitis Caused by Using Soft Contact Lenses. Eye Contact Lens 2015; 42:115-9. [PMID: 26629957 DOI: 10.1097/icl.0000000000000066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study on antibiotic susceptibility and identify coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (CoNS) species based on tuf gene sequencing from keratitis followed by using soft contact lenses in Isfahan, Iran, 2013. METHODS This study examined 77 keratitis cases. The samples were cultured and the isolation of CoNS was done by phenotypic tests, and in vitro sensitivity testing was done by Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion susceptibility method. RESULTS Thirty-eight of isolates were conveniently identified as CoNS. In this study, 27 (71.1%), 21 (55.3%), and 16 (42.1%) were resistant to penicillin, erythromycin, and tetracycline, respectively. One hundred percent of isolates were sensitive to gentamicin, and 36 (94.7%) and 33 (86.8%) of isolates were sensitive to chloramphenicol and ciprofloxacin, respectively. Also, resistances to cefoxitin were 7 (18.4%). Analysis of tuf gene proved to be discriminative and sensitive in which all the isolates were identified with 99.0% similarity to reference strains, and Staphylococcus epidermidis had the highest prevalence among other species. CONCLUSIONS Results of this study showed that CoNS are the most common agents causing contact lens-associated microbial keratitis, and the tuf gene sequencing analysis is a reliable method for distinguishing CoNS species. Also gentamycin, chloramphenicol, and ciprofloxacin are more effective than the other antibacterial agents against these types of bacteria.
Collapse
|
39
|
Tenover FC, Tickler IA. Is That Staphylococcus aureus Isolate Really Methicillin Susceptible? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinmicnews.2015.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
40
|
Islam TAB, Shamsuzzaman S. Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of methicillin-resistant, vancomycin-resistant, and Panton-Valentine leukocidin positive Staphylococcus aureus in a tertiary care hospital Dhaka, Bangladesh. Tzu Chi Med J 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tcmj.2014.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
|
41
|
Larsen AR, Petersen A, Holmes M, Kearns A, Hill R, Edwards G, Teale C, Skov R. Utility of a newly developed Mueller-Hinton E agar for the detection of MRSA carrying the novel mecA homologue mecC. J Antimicrob Chemother 2014; 70:1256-7. [DOI: 10.1093/jac/dku512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
|
42
|
Albert J, D'Andrea L, Granell J, Pla-Vilanova P, Quirante J, Khosa MK, Calvis C, Messeguer R, Badía J, Baldomà L, Font-Bardia M, Calvet T. Cyclopalladated and cycloplatinated benzophenone imines: Antitumor, antibacterial and antioxidant activities, DNA interaction and cathepsin B inhibition. J Inorg Biochem 2014; 140:80-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2014.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Revised: 07/04/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
43
|
The Frequency of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Coagulase Gene Polymorphism in Egypt. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY 2014; 2014:680983. [PMID: 26904738 PMCID: PMC4745461 DOI: 10.1155/2014/680983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2014] [Revised: 08/22/2014] [Accepted: 09/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The current study aimed to use Coagulase gene polymorphism to identify methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) subtypes isolated from nasal carriers in Minia governorate, Egypt, evaluate the efficiency of these methods in discriminating variable strains, and compare these subtypes with antibiotypes. A total of 400 specimens were collected from nasal carriers in Minia governorate, Egypt, between March 2012 and April 2013. Fifty-eight strains (14.5%) were isolated and identified by standard microbiological methods as MRSA. The identified isolates were tested by Coagulase gene RFLP typing. Out of 58 MRSA isolates 15 coa types were classified, and the amplification products showed multiple bands (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 8 bands). Coagulase gene PCR-RFLPs exhibited 10 patterns that ranged from 1 to 8 fragments with AluI digestion. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing with a panel of 8 antimicrobial agents showed 6 different antibiotypes. Antibiotype 1 was the most common phenotype with 82.7%. The results have demonstrated that many new variants of the coa gene are present in Minia, Egypt, different from those reported in the previous studies. So surveillance of MRSA should be continued.
Collapse
|
44
|
Kamberović F, Ibrahimagić A, Uzunović S, Budimir A, Rijnders MIA, Stobberingh EE. mecA-positive methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates in Zenica-Doboj Canton, Bosnia and Herzegovina. J Chemother 2014; 27:330-6. [PMID: 25112955 DOI: 10.1179/1973947814y.0000000207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Forty-four mecA-positive and eight mecA-negative Staphylococcus aureus isolates confirmed by PCR were further tested by disc-diffusion (DD) oxacillin and cefoxitin, oxacillin Epsilon (E)-test, and oxacillin and cefoxitin minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) Strip methicillin-resistant phenotype in S. aureus (MRSA) tests. Among 44 mecA-positive S. aureus isolates, two (4·5%) were detected as MRSA by DD-oxacillin, 17 (38·6%) by DD-cefoxitin test, and seven (15·9%) by the E-test. In the cefoxitin MIC Strip MRSA test, 19 (43·2%) isolates were resistant. In the oxacillin MIC Strip MRSA test, 18 (40·9%) isolates were resistant and 26 (59·1%) were sensitive, i.e. oxacillin-sensitive MRSA (OS-MRSA) (MIC range 0·25-≤0·25 mg/l). Fifteen out of 26 OS-MRSA (57·7%) belonged to spa-CC 355/595, 78% of which belonged to the largest PFGE clone. Some discrepancies between the phenotypic methods for MRSA identification obtained in this study were caused by large proportion of OS-MRSA. Misidentification of OS-MRSA as MSSA might result in an appearance of highly resistant MRSA in patients treated with beta-lactam antibiotics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Farah Kamberović
- University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Microbiology Department , Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
khoshkharam-Roodmajani H, Sarvari J, Bazargani A, Kandekar-Ghahraman MR, Nazari-Alam A, Motamedifar M. Molecular typing of methicillin-resistant and methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus isolates from Shiraz teaching hospitals by PCR-RFLP of coagulase gene. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY 2014; 6:246-52. [PMID: 25802708 PMCID: PMC4367941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES To investigate coagulase gene polymorphism of MRSA and MSSA isolates from Shiraz teaching hospitals from 2011 to 2012. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 302 isolates of Staphylococcus aureus were collected from clinical specimens in three major teaching hospitals and confirmed on the basis of morphological characteristics and biochemical tests. The isolates were subjected to molecular typing on the basis of coagulase enzyme gene polymorphism by PCR-RFLP. RESULTS There were 27 and 28 different RFLP patterns for AluI and HaeIII restriction enzymes respectively. This study showed that the discriminatory power of coagulase gene typing by Hae III enzyme was more than that of Alu I enzyme. CONCLUSION PCR-RFLP method is rapid, reproducible, simple and efficient for typing Staphylococcus aureus isolated from clinical specimens. This study showed that Hae III discriminatory power is better than Alu I for typing Staphylococcus aureus isolates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jamal Sarvari
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine
| | | | | | - Ali Nazari-Alam
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine
| | - Mohammad Motamedifar
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine
- Shiraz HIV/AIDS Research Center (SHARC), Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Sirajuddin M, Ali S, McKee V, Sohail M, Pasha H. Potentially bioactive organotin(IV) compounds: synthesis, characterization, in vitro bioactivities and interaction with SS-DNA. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 84:343-63. [PMID: 25036793 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2013] [Revised: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Fourteen new organotin(IV) complexes with general formula R2SnL2 or R3SnL where R = CH3, C2H5, C4H9, C6H5, C6H11, CH2-C6H5, C(CH3)3, C8H17 and L = N-[(2-methoxyphenyl)]-4-oxo-4-[oxy]butanamide were synthesized and characterized by elemental analyses, FT-IR, NMR ((1)H, (13)C and (119)Sn), mass spectrometry and single crystal X-ray structural analysis. Crystallographic data for four triorganotin(IV) complexes (R3SnL, R = CH3, C2H5, C4H9, CH2-C6H5) showed the tin has approximate trigonal bipyramidal geometry with the R groups in the trigonal plane. The carboxylate groups of ligands L bridge adjacent tin atoms, resulting in polymeric chains. In case of the diorganotin(IV) derivatives a six-coordinate geometry at the tin atom is proposed from spectroscopic evidence. The Me-Sn-Me bond angle in complex 7 was determined from the (2)J[(119)Sn-(1)H] value as 166.3° that falls in the range of six-coordinate geometry. The ligand and its complexes (1-14) were screened for their antimicrobial, antitumor, cytotoxic and antileishmanial activities and found to be biologically active. The ligand and its complexes bind to DNA via intercalative interactions resulting in hypochromism and minor bathochromic shifts as confirmed by UV-visible spectroscopy. Based on in vitro studies such as the potato disc method, the synthesized compounds were found to possess significant antitumor activity. Also, from cytotoxicity and DNA interaction studies, these compounds can also be used for the prevention and treatment of cancer. Gel electrophoresis assay was used to investigate the damage to double stranded super coiled plasmid pBR322 DNA by the synthesized compounds and compounds 1 and 7 were found to cause the maximum damage. All the synthesized compounds exhibit strong antileishmanial activity that was even higher than that of Amphotericin B, with significant cytotoxicity. This study, therefore, demonstrated the potential use of these compounds as source of novel agents for the treatment of leishmaniasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Sirajuddin
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan.
| | - Saqib Ali
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan.
| | - Vickie McKee
- Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leics LE11 3TU, UK
| | - Manzar Sohail
- Center of Excellence for Nanotechnology, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hammad Pasha
- Department of Biochemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Hoseini Alfatemi SM, Motamedifar M, Hadi N, Sedigh Ebrahim Saraie H. Analysis of Virulence Genes Among Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Strains. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2014; 7:e10741. [PMID: 25371805 PMCID: PMC4217665 DOI: 10.5812/jjm.10741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2014] [Revised: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Staphylococcus aureus is amongst major human pathogens both in hospitals and the community. This bacterium is an opportunistic pathogen responsible for a large number of self-limiting and even life-threatening diseases in humans. Methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA) strains are common causes of emerging nosocomial infections and are considered as a major problem for public health. Objectives: We aimed to study the profile of some virulence genes including: sea, seb, sed, tst, eta, etb, LuKS/F-PV, hla and hld in methicillin-resistant S. aureus by the PCR technique. Materials and Methods: A total of 345 isolates of S. aureus were collected from clinical specimens of patients referred to teaching hospitals of Shiraz; identification was done by biochemical (catalase, coagulase and DNase) and molecular tests. One hundred and forty six isolates of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) were obtained and the presence of some toxin genes in these isolates was investigated by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. Results: The results showed that among the 345 isolates of S. aureus, 148 were confirmed as MRSA by screening with the cefoxitin disc diffusion (30 µg) method. Also among the 148 MRSA isolates, 146 isolates were confirmed as methicillin-resistant by molecular methods. The results showed that the frequency of methicillin-resistant and methicillin-sensitive S. aureus isolates during 2012 to 2013 in Namazi and Faghihi hospitals were 146 (42.3%) and 199 (57.7%), respectively. Besides, among the 146 confirmed MRSA isolates, 36.98% (54 isolates) and 63.02% (92 isolates) were related to female and male, respectively. The largest number of cases belonged to sputum samples (58 out of 146). The frequency of the eta, etb, sed, LuKS/F-PV, seb, tst, sea, hld and hla genes were 0.68%, 2.05%, 2.05%, 5.47%, 10.95%, 11.64%, 27.39%, 84.24% and 93.15%, respectively. In addition, amongst all examined genes, hla (93.15%) and eta (0.68%) genes had the highest and lowest frequencies, respectively. The greatest coexistence of genes was observed for the hla + hld gene combination (48.83%). The results of our study indicate that 98.63% of the isolates were positive for at least one of the virulence genes. Conclusions: The relative higher frequency of some virulence genes in this study may reflect the emergence of isolates containing these genes in Shiraz medical centers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohammad Motamedifar
- Shiraz HIV/Aids Research Center (SHARC), Department of Bacteriology and Virology, Medical School, Shiraz University of Medical science, Shiraz, IR Iran
- Corresponding author: Mohammad Motamedifar, Shiraz HIV/Aids Research Center (SHARC), Department of Bacteriology and Virology, Medical School, Shiraz University of Medical science, Shiraz, IR Iran. Tel: +98-7112304356, Fax: +98-7112304356, E-mail:
| | - Nahal Hadi
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, Shiraz Medical School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR Iran
| | - Hadi Sedigh Ebrahim Saraie
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, Shiraz Medical School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR Iran
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Alipour F, Ahmadi M, Javadi S. Evaluation of different methods to detect methicillin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). J Infect Public Health 2014; 7:186-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2014.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Revised: 12/07/2013] [Accepted: 01/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
|
49
|
Bard JD, Hindler JA, Gold HS, Limbago B. Rationale for eliminating Staphylococcus breakpoints for β-lactam agents other than penicillin, oxacillin or cefoxitin, and ceftaroline. Clin Infect Dis 2014; 58:1287-96. [PMID: 24457339 PMCID: PMC5734619 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciu043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the ongoing concern about the reliability of Staphylococcus breakpoints (interpretive criteria) for other β-lactam agents, the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute recently approved the elimination of all breakpoints for antistaphylococcal β-lactams except for penicillin, oxacillin or cefoxitin, and ceftaroline. Routine testing of penicillin and oxacillin or cefoxitin should be used to infer susceptibility for all β-lactams with approved clinical indications for staphylococcal infections. It is critical for laboratories to reject requests for susceptibility testing of other β-lactams against staphylococci and to indicate that susceptibility to these agents can be predicted from the penicillin and oxacillin or cefoxitin results. This article reviews β-lactam resistance mechanisms in staphylococci, current antimicrobial susceptibility testing and reporting recommendations for β-lactams and staphylococci, and microbiologic data and clinical data supporting the elimination of staphylococcal breakpoints for other β-lactam agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Dien Bard
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California and Children’s Hospital Los Angeles
| | | | - Howard S. Gold
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Brandi Limbago
- Clinical and Environmental Microbiology Branch, Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Gordon A, Marshall J, Ramdass K, Stewart-Johnson A, Adesiyun A. Frequency of resistance to methicillin and other antimicrobial agents among Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from pigs and their human handlers in Trinidad. Infect Ecol Epidemiol 2014; 4:22736. [PMID: 24765251 PMCID: PMC3974178 DOI: 10.3402/iee.v4.22736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2013] [Revised: 01/16/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has emerged recently worldwide in production animals, particularly pigs and veal calves, which act as reservoirs for MRSA strains for human infection. The study determined the prevalence of MRSA and other resistant strains of S. aureus isolated from the anterior nares of pigs and human handlers on pig farms in Trinidad. Methods Isolation of S. aureus was done by concurrently inoculating Baird-Parker agar (BPA) and Chromagar MRSA (CHROM) with swab samples and isolates were identified using standard methods. Suspect MRSA isolates from Chromagar and BPA were subjected to confirmatory test using Oxoid PBP2 latex agglutination test. The disc diffusion method was used to determine resistance to antimicrobial agents. Results The frequency of isolation of MRSA was 2.1% (15 of 723) for pigs but 0.0% (0 of 72) for humans. Generally, for isolates of S. aureus from humans there was a high frequency of resistance compared with those from pigs, which had moderate resistance to the following antimicrobials: penicillin G (54.5%, 51.5%), ampicillin (59.1%, 49.5%), and streptomycin (59.1%, 37.1%), respectively. There was moderate resistance to tetracycline (36.4%, 41.2%) and gentamycin (27.2%, 23.7%) for human and pig S. aureus isolates, respectively, and low resistance to sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (4.5%, 6.2%) and norfloxacin (9.1%, 12.4%), respectively. The frequency of resistance to oxacillin by the disc method was 36.4 and 34.0% from S. aureus isolates from humans and pigs, respectively. Out of a total of 78 isolates of S. aureus from both human and pig sources that were resistant to oxacillin by the disc diffusion method, only 15 (19.2%) were confirmed as MRSA by the PBP'2 latex test kit. Conclusions The detection of MRSA strains in pigs, albeit at a low frequency, coupled with a high frequency of resistance to commonly used antimicrobial agents in pig and humans could have zoonotic and therapeutic implications. Finally, the diagnostic limitation of using CHROMagar and testing for oxacillin resistance by the disc diffusion method alone to determine MRSA strains without performing confirmatory tests cannot be overemphasized because the possibility of overdiagnosis of MRSA infections cannot be ignored.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annika Gordon
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Jennelle Marshall
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Kris Ramdass
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Alva Stewart-Johnson
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Abiodun Adesiyun
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
| |
Collapse
|