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Sarkar R, Adhikary K, Banerjee A, Ganguly K, Sarkar R, Mohanty S, Dhua R, Bhattacharya K, Ahuja D, Pal S, Maiti R. Novel targets and improved immunotherapeutic techniques with an emphasis on antimycosal drug resistance for the treatment and management of mycosis. Heliyon 2024; 10:e35835. [PMID: 39224344 PMCID: PMC11367498 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e35835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2024] [Revised: 08/04/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Infections due to pathogenic fungi are endemic in particular area with increased morbidity and mortality. More than a thousand people are infected per year and the way of treatment is of high demand having a significant impact on the population health. Medical practitioners confront various troublesome analytic and therapeutical challenges in the administration of immunosuppressed sufferer at high danger of expanding fungal infections. An upgraded antimycosal treatment is fundamental for a fruitful result while treating intrusive mycoses. A collection of antimycosal drugs keeps on developing with their specific antifungal targets including cell membrane, mitochondria, cell wall, and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)/ribonucleic acid (RNA) or protein biosynthesis. Some fundamental classes of ordinarily directed medications are the polyenes, amphotericin B, syringomycin, allylamines, honokiol, azoles, flucytosine, echinocandins etc. However, few immunotherapy processes and vaccinations are being developed to mark this need, although one presently can't seem to arrive at the conclusion. In this review article, there has been a trial to give details upgradation about the current immune therapeutic techniques and vaccination strategies against prevention or treatment of mycosis as well as the difficulties related with their turn of events. There has been also a visualization in the mentioned review paper about the various assorted drugs and their specific target analysis along with therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riya Sarkar
- Department of Medical Lab Technology and Biotechnology, Paramedical College Durgapur, West Bengal, 713212, India
| | - Krishnendu Adhikary
- Department of Medical Lab Technology and Biotechnology, Paramedical College Durgapur, West Bengal, 713212, India
| | - Arundhati Banerjee
- Department of Medical Lab Technology and Biotechnology, Paramedical College Durgapur, West Bengal, 713212, India
| | - Krishnendu Ganguly
- Department of Medical Lab Technology and Biotechnology, Paramedical College Durgapur, West Bengal, 713212, India
| | - Riya Sarkar
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Dr. B. C. Roy Academy of Professional Courses, Durgapur, West Bengal, 713206, India
| | - Satyajit Mohanty
- Department of Advanced Pharmacology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 835215, India
| | - Rumpa Dhua
- Department of Nutrition, Bankura Sammilani College, Kenduadihi, Bankura, West Bengal, 722102, India
| | - Koushik Bhattacharya
- School of Paramedics and Allied Health Sciences, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Jatni, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 752050, India
| | - Deepika Ahuja
- School of Paramedics and Allied Health Sciences, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Jatni, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 752050, India
| | - Suchandra Pal
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Durgapur, West Bengal, 713209, India
| | - Rajkumar Maiti
- Department of Physiology, Bankura Christian College, Bankura, West Bengal, 722101, India
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Morovati H, Kord M, Ahmadikia K, Eslami S, Hemmatzadeh M, Kurdestani KM, Khademi M, Darabian S. A Comprehensive Review of Identification Methods for Pathogenic Yeasts: Challenges and Approaches. Adv Biomed Res 2023; 12:187. [PMID: 37694259 PMCID: PMC10492613 DOI: 10.4103/abr.abr_375_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Given the increasing incidence of yeast infections and the presence of drug-resistant isolates, accurate identification of the pathogenic yeasts is essential for the management of yeast infections. In this review, we tried to introduce the routine and novel techniques applied for yeast identification. Laboratory identification methods of pathogenic yeast are classified into three categories; I. conventional methods, including microscopical and culture-base methods II. biochemical/physiological-processes methods III. molecular methods. While conventional and biochemical methods require more precautions and are not specific in some cases, molecular diagnostic methods are the optimum tools for diagnosing pathogenic yeasts in a short time with high accuracy and specificity, and having various methods that cover different purposes, and affordable costs for researchers. Nucleotide sequencing is a reference or gold standard for identifying pathogenic yeasts. Since it is an expensive method, it is not widely used in developing countries. However, novel identification techniques are constantly updated, and we recommend further studies in this field. The results of this study will guide researchers in finding more accurate diagnostic method(s) for their studies in a short period of time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Morovati
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Kord
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kazem Ahmadikia
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saba Eslami
- Central Research Laboratory, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Hemmatzadeh
- Department of Mycology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kian M. Kurdestani
- Department of Microbiology, Sanandaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj, Iran
| | | | - Sima Darabian
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
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Zhang Q, Shan B, Xu X, Mao B, Tang X, Zhao J, Zhang H, Cui S, Chen W. Lactiplantibacillus Plantarum CCFM8724 Reduces the Amounts of Oral Pathogens and Alters the Oral Microbiota in Children With Dental Caries: a Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN NUTRITION ASSOCIATION 2023; 42:361-370. [PMID: 35512770 DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2022.2043200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Objective Early childhood caries (ECC) is closely related to the disorders of oral microbiota. Probiotics antagonize pathogenic bacteria and regulate the composition of the microbiota. We aimed to investigate the effects of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum CCFM8724 on Streptococcus mutans, Candida albicans, and oral microbiota of patients.Methods Children with ECC aged 3‒6 years were randomly divided into probiotic and placebo groups in the double-blind controlled trial. The intervention and washout periods were 28 days and 14 days, respectively. On days 1 and 28, dental plaques were collected. The effects of L. plantarum CCFM8724 on the oral microbiota of patients were investigated by sequencing the V3-V4 region of 16S rDNA. On days 1, 14, 28 and 42, qPCR was used to investigate the effect of L. plantarum CCFM8724 on the amounts of S. mutans and C. albicans in the saliva of children with ECC.Results L. plantarum CCFM8724 significantly reduced the amounts of S. mutans and C. albicans in saliva of children with ECC (p < 0.01). After consumption of L. plantarum CCFM8724, the abundance of Firmicutes, Granulicatella and Gemella increased, whereas the abundance of Proteobacteria, Neisseria, Bifidobacterium and Catonella decreased. Conclusion: Our results emphasize that probiotics could play a beneficial role in the prevention and treatment of ECC in children from an oral microecological perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuxiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Baokun Shan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Xianyin Xu
- Department of Stomatology, Wuxi Children's Hospital, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Bingyong Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Xin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Jianxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- Wuxi Translational Medicine Research Center, Jiangsu Translational Medicine Research Institute Wuxi Branch, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Shumao Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P.R. China
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High Virulence and Multidrug Resistance of Escherichia coli Isolated in Periodontal Disease. Microorganisms 2022; 11:microorganisms11010045. [PMID: 36677337 PMCID: PMC9863014 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11010045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontal disease is caused by different gram-negative anaerobic bacteria; however, Escherichia coli has also been isolated from periodontitis and its role in periodontitis is less known. This study aimed to determine the variability in virulence genotype, antibiotic resistance phenotype, biofilm formation, phylogroups, and serotypes in different emerging periodontal strains of Escherichia coli, isolated from patients with periodontal disease and healthy controls. E. coli, virulence genes, and phylogroups, were identified by PCR, antibiotic susceptibility by the Kirby-Bauer method, biofilm formation was quantified using polystyrene microtiter plates, and serotypes were determined by serotyping. Although E. coli was not detected in the controls (n = 70), it was isolated in 14.7% (100/678) of the patients. Most of the strains (n = 81/100) were multidrug-resistance. The most frequent adhesion genes among the strains were fimH and iha, toxin genes were usp and hlyA, iron-acquisition genes were fyuA and irp2, and protectin genes were ompT, and KpsMT. Phylogroup B2 and serotype O25:H4 were the most predominant among the strains. These findings suggest that E. coli may be involved in periodontal disease due to its high virulence, multidrug-resistance, and a wide distribution of phylogroups and serotypes.
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Genotyping of Candida albicans and Comparison of its Antifungal Resistance Pattern in the South Indian Region. JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.22207/jpam.16.3.69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have documented an increase in the incidence of antifungal resistance in newly emerging species closely related to C. albicans, and the coexistence of genotypic variants. Hence, an application of PCR-based molecular typing is crucial in identifying these fungi. Our study used molecular methods to characterize the latest genotypic subgroups of C. albicans and analysed if there was a relationship between the genotypes and the antifungal resistance pattern. The study was conducted in JSS Hospital, Mysuru, Karnataka between July 2018 and December 2020. A total of 1427 Candida species were isolated from clinical samples. Candida albicans were isolated and confirmed using Germ tube test, ID VITEK 2 and PCR (ITS primer). DNA extraction was done using the Hi-Media Yeast DNA Extraction Kit. The amplified products were analysed using Agarose gel electrophoresis (2%). Among 1427 Candida species, 282 were Candida albicans. The following resistance was exhibited to major antifungals – Caspofungin (3.5%), Amphotericin B (1.4%), flucytosine (2.8%) Fluconazole (6%) Micafungin (2.8%) Voriconazole (3.1%) and all were sensitive to miconazole. ABC genotyping showed Genotype A (450 bp) predominant (87.58%) followed by genotype B (840bp) (9.92 %) and genotype C (450bp and 840 bp) (0.2%). Genotype D and E were not observed. Our study showed the growing antifungal resistance in clinical isolates. Genotype A was predominant in South Karnataka region followed by Genotype B and C. There was no correlation between genotyping and antifungal resistance. However, a study with greater number of samples from diverse geographical locations may give more insight.
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Multiplex PCR Identification of Aspergillus cristatus and Aspergillus chevalieri in Liupao Tea Based on Orphan Genes. Foods 2022; 11:foods11152217. [PMID: 35892804 PMCID: PMC9332452 DOI: 10.3390/foods11152217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
“Golden flower” fungi in dark tea are beneficial to human health. The rapid identification method of “golden flower” fungi can verify the quality of dark tea products and ensure food safety. In this study, 6 strains were isolated from Liupao tea. They were respectively identified as A. cristatus, A. chevalieri, and A. pseudoglaucus. A. pseudoglaucus was reported as Liupao tea “golden flower” fungus for the first time. It was found that the ITS and BenA sequences of A. cristatus and A. chevalieri were highly conserved. It is difficult to clearly distinguish these closely related species by ITS sequencing. To rapidly identify species, multiplex PCR species-specific primers were designed based on orphan genes screened by comparative genomics analysis. Multiplex PCR results showed that orphan genes were specific and effective for the identification of A. cristatus and A. chevalieri isolated from Liupao tea and Fu brick tea. We confirmed that orphan genes can be used for identification of closely related Aspergillus species. Validation showed that the method is convenient, rapid, robust, sequencing-free, and economical. This promising method will be greatly beneficial to the dark tea processing industry and consumers.
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Hamdino M, Saudy AA, El-Shahed LH, Taha M. Identification of Malassezia species Isolated from some Malassezia Associated Skin Diseases. J Mycol Med 2022; 32:101301. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2022.101301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Keymaram M, Falahati M, Farahyar S, Lotfali E, Abolghasemi S, Mahmoudi S, Sadeghi F, Khalandi H, Ghasemi R, Shamsaei S, Raiesi O. Anti-biofilm properties of eucalyptol in combination with antifungals against Candida albicans isolates in patients with hematological malignancy. Arch Microbiol 2022; 204:295. [PMID: 35508567 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-022-02911-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Oral candidiasis is a fungal infection caused mainly by Candida albicans and it is a major problem among hematologic malignancy patients. Biofilm formation is an attributable factor to both virulence and drug resistance of Candida species. The aim of the study was to evaluate the biofilm-producing ability of oral C. albicans isolates and to evaluate the inhibitory activity of eucalyptol on Candida biofilm, alone and in combination with antifungal agents. Samples were collected from the oral cavity of 106 patients with hematologic malignancy. The isolated yeasts were identified by PCR-sequencing. Then C. albicans isolates were analyzed for their biofilm-producing ability by crystal violet staining and MTT assay. The minimum biofilm inhibition concentrations (MBIC) of eucalyptol, amphotericin B, itraconazole, and nystatin and the in vitro interaction of eucalyptol with these drugs were tested according to CLSI-M-27-A3 protocol and checkerboard methods, respectively. From 106 patients, 50 (47.2%) were confirmed for oral candidiasis [mean ± SD age 39 ± 14 years; female 31 (62%) and male 19 (38%)]. C. albicans was isolated from 40 of 50 (80%) patients. From 40 C. albicans isolates, 24 (60%) and 16 (40%) were moderate and weak biofilm producer, respectively. The geometric mean MBIC of amphotericin B, itraconazole, nystatin and eucalyptol were 3.93 µg/mL, 12.55 µg/mL, 0.75 µg/mL and 798 µg/mL, respectively. Eucalyptol interacted synergistically with amphotericin B, itraconazole and nystatin against 12.5, 10, and 22.5% of isolates, respectively. Eucalyptol demonstrated promising activity against biofilm of C. albicans when tested alone or combined with antifungal drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahyar Keymaram
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Mycology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehraban Falahati
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Shirin Farahyar
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
- Microbial Biotechnology Research Center, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ensieh Lotfali
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Abolghasemi
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medial Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahram Mahmoudi
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Sadeghi
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Halala Khalandi
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Ghasemi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sina Shamsaei
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Omid Raiesi
- Department of Parasitology, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
- Zoonotic Diseases Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
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Alberti A, Corbella S, Taschieri S, Francetti L, Fakhruddin KS, Samaranayake LP. Fungal species in endodontic infections: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0255003. [PMID: 34293029 PMCID: PMC8297845 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0255003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungal infections are common on oral mucosae, but their role in other oral sites is ill defined. Over the last few decades, numerous studies have reported the presence of fungi, particularly Candida species in endodontic infections, albeit in relatively small numbers in comparison to its predominant anaerobic bacteriome. Here, we review the fungal biome of primary and secondary endodontic infections, with particular reference to the prevalence and behavior of Candida species. Meta-analysis of the available data from a total of 39 studies fitting the inclusion criteria, indicate the overall weighted mean prevalence (WMP) of fungal species in endodontic infections to be 9.11% (from a cumulative total of 2003 samples), with 9.0% in primary (n = 1341), and 9.3% in secondary infections (n = 662). Nevertheless, WMP for fungi in primary and secondary infections which were 6.3% and 7.5% for culture-based studies, increased to 12.5% and 16.0% in molecular studies, respectively. The most prevalent fungal species was Candida spp. The high heterogeneity in the reported fungal prevalence suggests the need for standardized sampling, and speciation methods. The advent of the new molecular biological analytical platforms, such as the next generation sequencing (NGS), and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF), that enables identification and quantitation of a broad spectrum of hitherto unknown organisms in endodontic infections should radically alter our understanding of the endodontic mycobiome in the future. Candida spp. appear to be co-pathogens with bacteria in approximately one in ten patients with endodontic infections. Hence, clinicians should comprehend the importance and the role of fungi in endodontic infections and be cognizant of the need to eradicate both bacteria and fungi for successful therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Alberti
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Stefano Corbella
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
- Institute of Dentistry, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Silvio Taschieri
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
- Institute of Dentistry, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Luca Francetti
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Lakshman Perera Samaranayake
- College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
- The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, China
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Rodrigues DKB, Bonfietti LX, Garcia RA, Araujo MR, Rodrigues JS, Gimenes VMF, Melhem MSC. Antifungal susceptibility profile of Candida clinical isolates from 22 hospitals of São Paulo State, Brazil. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 54:e10928. [PMID: 34133538 PMCID: PMC8208770 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x2020e10928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the frequency of cryptic Candida species from candidemia cases in 22 public hospitals in São Paulo State, Brazil, and their antifungal susceptibility profiles. During 2017 and 2018, 144 isolates were molecularly identified as 14 species; C. parapsilosis (32.6%), C. albicans (27.7%), C. tropicalis (14.6%), C. glabrata (9.7%), C. krusei (2.8%), C. orthopsilosis (2.8%), C. haemulonii var. vulnera (2.1%), C. haemulonii (1.4%), C. metapsilosis (1.4%), C. dubliniensis (1.4%), C. guilliermondii (1.4%), C. duobushaemulonii (0.7%), C. kefyr (0.7%), and C. pelliculosa (0.7%). Poor susceptibility to fluconazole was identified in 6.4% of C. parapsilosis isolates (0.12 to >64 µg/mL), 50% of C. guilliermondii (64 µg/mL), 66.6% of C. haemulonii var. vulnera (16-32 µg/mL), and C. duobushaemulonii strain (MIC 64 µg/mL). Our results corroborated the emergence of C. glabrata in Brazilian cases of candidemia as previously reported. Importantly, we observed a large proportion of non-wild type C. glabrata isolates to voriconazole (28.6%; <0.015 to 4 µg/mL) all of which were also resistant to fluconazole (28.6%). Of note, C. haemulonii, a multidrug resistant species, has emerged in the Southeast region of Brazil. Our findings suggested a possible epidemiologic change in the region with an increase in fluconazole-resistant species causing candidemia. We stress the relevance of routine accurate identification to properly manage therapy and monitor epidemiologic trends.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - L X Bonfietti
- Núcleo de Micologia do Instituto Adolfo Lutz, Secretaria de Saúde, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - R A Garcia
- Núcleo de Micologia do Instituto Adolfo Lutz, Secretaria de Saúde, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - M R Araujo
- Núcleo de Micologia do Instituto Adolfo Lutz, Secretaria de Saúde, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - J S Rodrigues
- Núcleo de Micologia do Instituto Adolfo Lutz, Secretaria de Saúde, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - V M F Gimenes
- Laboratório de Micologia Médica-LIM 53, Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - M S C Melhem
- Núcleo de Micologia do Instituto Adolfo Lutz, Secretaria de Saúde, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.,Escola de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso do Sul, Mato Grosso do Sul, MS, Brasil
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Valdés-Santiago L, Vargas-Bernal R, Herrera-Pérez G, Colli-Mull JG, Ordaz-Arias A. Application of Two-Photon Microscopy to Study Sclerotium cepivorum Berk Sclerotia Isolated from Naturally Infested Soil and Produced In Vitro. Curr Microbiol 2021; 78:749-755. [PMID: 33420864 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-020-02341-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The danger of Sclerotium cepivorum lies in the strength of its survival structure: sclerotia. Sclerotia comprising hardened mycelium contains food reserves that allow it to remain dormant for long period, which makes the sclerotia-infested soil useless to grow any crop of the Allium species, including onion and garlic. This paper would be the first report on the application of two-photon fluorescence microscopy to the analysis of the structure of sclerotia from S. cepivorum. For this study and, in order to test the method, two different types of sclerotia were used: (1) sclerotia isolated from naturally infested soil and (2) sclerotia produced in vitro (from 20-day-old cultures). Both types of sclerotia were processed by cryopreservation and eight µm histological cuts were used to obtain an autofluorescence image. For both sclerotia, the fluorescence spectrum has three peak signals at their wall. Sclerotia from infested soil presented fluorescence peaks at 400-436, 436-475, and 515-575 nm, while signals from sclerotia produced in vitro presented fluorescence peaks at 400-442, 500-600, and 655-700 nm. Peaks at the violet electromagnetic region (400-436 and 400-442) are like that of the signals reported by the melanin. This study showed that two-photon microscopy is a novel and valuable tool for the study of sclerotia structure and their fluorescence signal, and the possibility of using it as a specific marker to direct detection in the field should be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Valdés-Santiago
- Ingeniería Bioquímica, Instituto Tecnológico Superior de Irapuato, Carretera Irapuato-Silao Km 12.5, 36821, Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico.
| | - Rafael Vargas-Bernal
- Ingeniería en Materiales, Instituto Tecnológico Superior de Irapuato, Carretera Irapuato-Silao Km 12.5, 36821, Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Gabriel Herrera-Pérez
- Ingeniería en Materiales, Instituto Tecnológico Superior de Irapuato, Carretera Irapuato-Silao Km 12.5, 36821, Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Juan G Colli-Mull
- Biología, Instituto Tecnológico Superior de Irapuato, Carretera Irapuato-Silao Km 12.5, 36821, Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Ayabeth Ordaz-Arias
- Ingeniería Bioquímica, Instituto Tecnológico Superior de Irapuato, Carretera Irapuato-Silao Km 12.5, 36821, Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
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K. Hussain K, Malavia D, M. Johnson E, Littlechild J, Winlove CP, Vollmer F, Gow NAR. Biosensors and Diagnostics for Fungal Detection. J Fungi (Basel) 2020; 6:E349. [PMID: 33302535 PMCID: PMC7770582 DOI: 10.3390/jof6040349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Early detection is critical to the successful treatment of life-threatening infections caused by fungal pathogens, as late diagnosis of systemic infection almost always equates with a poor prognosis. The field of fungal diagnostics has some tests that are relatively simple, rapid to perform and are potentially suitable at the point of care. However, there are also more complex high-technology methodologies that offer new opportunities regarding the scale and precision of fungal diagnosis, but may be more limited in their portability and affordability. Future developments in this field are increasingly incorporating new technologies provided by the use of new format biosensors. This overview provides a critical review of current fungal diagnostics and the development of new biophysical technologies that are being applied for selective new sensitive fungal biosensors to augment traditional diagnostic methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalil K. Hussain
- Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology, University of Exeter, Geoffrey Pope Building, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK; (D.M.); (E.M.J.)
| | - Dhara Malavia
- Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology, University of Exeter, Geoffrey Pope Building, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK; (D.M.); (E.M.J.)
| | - Elizabeth M. Johnson
- Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology, University of Exeter, Geoffrey Pope Building, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK; (D.M.); (E.M.J.)
- UK National Mycology Reference Laboratory (MRL), Public Health England South-West, Science Quarter Southmead Hospital, Southmead, Bristol BS10 5NB, UK
| | - Jennifer Littlechild
- Biocatalysis Centre, University of Exeter, The Henry Wellcome Building for Biocatalysis, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK;
| | - C. Peter Winlove
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK;
| | - Frank Vollmer
- Living Systems Institute, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK;
| | - Neil A. R. Gow
- Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology, University of Exeter, Geoffrey Pope Building, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK; (D.M.); (E.M.J.)
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Baskar K, Chinnasamy R, Pandy K, Venkatesan M, Sebastian PJ, Subban M, Thomas A, Kweka EJ, Devarajan N. Larvicidal and histopathology effect of endophytic fungal extracts of Aspergillus tamarii against Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus. Heliyon 2020; 6:e05331. [PMID: 33150212 PMCID: PMC7599128 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mosquitoes biolarvicides remain the most important method for mosquito control. The previous studies have shown Aspergillus sp.-expressed larvicidal properties against mosquito species. The present study evaluated larvicidal and histopathological effect of an endophytic fungus Aspergillus tamarii isolated from theCactus stem (Opuntia ficus-indica Mill). METHOD The molecular identification of isolated A. tamarii was done by PCR amplification (5.8s rDNA) using a universal primer (ITS-1 and ITS-2). The secondary metabolites of A. tamarii was tested for larvicidal activity against Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus. Larvicidal bioassay of different concentrations (- 100, 300, 500, 800 and 1000 μg/mL) isolated extracts were done according to the modified protocol. Each test included a set of control groups (i.e. DMSO and distilled water). The lethal concentrations (LC50 and LC90) were calculated by probit analysis. Experimental monitoring duration was 48 h. RESULTS The ethyl acetate extract from A. tamarii fungus resulted - excellent mosquitocidal effect against Ae. aegypti and Cx. quinquefasciatus mosquitoes, with least LC50 and LC90 values. -After 48 h, the Ae. aegypti expressed better results (LC50 = 29.10, 18.69, 16.76, 36.78 μg/mL and the LC90 = 45.59, 27.66, 27.50, 54.00 μg/mL) followed by Cx. quinquefaciatus (LC50 = 3.23, 24.99, 11.24, 10.95 μg/mL and the LC90 = 8.37, 8.29, 21.36, 20.28 μg/mL). The biochemical level of A. tamarii mycelium extract on both larvae was measured and the results shown a dose dependent activity on the level of AchE, α- and β-carboxylesterase assay. Gas Chromatography and Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS) profile of A. tamarii extract reflected three compounds i.e. preg-4-en-3-one, 17. α-hydroxy-17. β-cyano- (7.39%), trans-3-undecene-1,5-diyne (45.77%) and pentane, 1,1,1,5-tetrachloro- (32.16%) which which might had attributed to larvae mortality. CONCLUSION The findings of - present study shows that the use of endophytic A. tamarii fungal metabolites for control of dengue and filariasis vectors is promising and needs a semifield and small scale filed trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kannan Baskar
- Natural Drug Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences, Periyar University, Salem 636 011, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ragavendran Chinnasamy
- Natural Drug Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences, Periyar University, Salem 636 011, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Karthika Pandy
- Natural Drug Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences, Periyar University, Salem 636 011, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Manigandan Venkatesan
- Biomedical Zebrafish Laboratory, Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam 603 103, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Prakash Joy Sebastian
- Biomedical Zebrafish Laboratory, Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam 603 103, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Murugesan Subban
- Department of Botany, School of Life Sciences, Periyar University, Salem 636 011, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Adelina Thomas
- School of Pharmacy, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, P.O. Box 1464, Mwanza, Tanzania
| | - Eliningaya J. Kweka
- Division of Livestock and Human Diseases Vector Control, Mosquito Section, Tropical Pesticides Research Institute, P.O. Box 3024, Arusha, Tanzania
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Entomology, School of Medicine, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, P.O. Box 1464, Mwanza, Tanzania
| | - Natarajan Devarajan
- Natural Drug Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences, Periyar University, Salem 636 011, Tamil Nadu, India
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Monroy-Pérez E, Rodríguez-Bedolla RM, Garzón J, Vaca-Paniagua F, Arturo-Rojas Jiménez E, Paniagua-Contreras GL. Marked virulence and azole resistance in Candida albicans isolated from patients with periodontal disease. Microb Pathog 2020; 148:104436. [PMID: 32781099 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Candida albicans is an opportunistic fungus frequently associated with periodontal diseases. The objective of this study was to determine the expression patterns of virulence genes associated with those of azole resistance among the strains of C. albicans isolated from patients with periodontal disease. We isolated 80 strains of C. albicans from patients with periodontal disease enrolled from two dental clinics and their antifungal susceptibilities were evaluated using the disc diffusion method. C. albicans and its virulence genes were identified using PCR. The expressions of the virulence genes of C. albicans were analyzed using real-time PCR post in vitro infection of the cell line A549. The phenotype for resistance against azoles such as ketoconazole and fluconazole was observed in all analyzed strains (n = 80), which coincided with the high frequency of occurrence of the genes CDR1 and MDR1 associated with resistance. The frequencies of detection and expression of the genes HWP1 (47/15), ALS1 (80/66), ALS3 (70/30), LIP1 (78/44), LIP4 (77/65), LIP5 (79/58), LIP6 (79/58), PLB1 (79/65), and PLB2 (80/66) were found to be higher in the strains of C. albicans isolated from patients with moderate periodontitis and different expression patterns associated with those for azole resistance were identified. It could be elucidated that the high expression of virulence markers associated with azole resistance in C. albicans might be contributing to the chronicity of periodontal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Monroy-Pérez
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Av. de Los Barrios 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla, Estado de México, 54090, Mexico.
| | - Rosa María Rodríguez-Bedolla
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Av. de Los Barrios 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla, Estado de México, 54090, Mexico
| | - Javier Garzón
- Clínica de Endoperiodontología, FES Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico
| | - Felipe Vaca-Paniagua
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Av. de Los Barrios 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla, Estado de México, 54090, Mexico; Laboratorio Nacional en Salud, Diagnóstico Molecular y Efecto Ambiental en Enfermedades Crónico-Degenerativas, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico; Subdirección de investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, CDMX, 14080, Mexico
| | - Ernesto Arturo-Rojas Jiménez
- Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico
| | - Gloria Luz Paniagua-Contreras
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Av. de Los Barrios 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla, Estado de México, 54090, Mexico.
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Abd Elaziz D, Abd El-Ghany M, Meshaal S, El Hawary R, Lotfy S, Galal N, Ouf SA, Elmarsafy A. Fungal infections in primary immunodeficiency diseases. Clin Immunol 2020; 219:108553. [PMID: 32738296 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2020.108553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Primary immunodeficiency diseases (PID), encompass a heterogeneous group of diseases, with increased susceptibility to recurrent, severe infections. Invasive fungal infections raise a serious concern related to their morbidity and mortality. Herein, we describe various fungal infections among different PID patients. Twenty-eight PID patients diagnosed with fungal infections were included; fourteen patients with chronic granulomatous disease, two with Hyper Immunoglobulin E syndrome, one with LRBA deficiency and one with MHC class II defect, one with unclassified immune dysregulation, one with CD4 lymphopenia and one patient with Immune dysregulation Polyendocrinopathy Enteropathy X-linked syndrome. Aspergillus species were the most common isolated causative organisms in 78% of patients, Candida species were the causative organisms in 32%, Pneumocystis jirovecii caused infections in 7% followed by Malassezia furfur, Fusarium spp., Mucormycosis, and Penicillium chrysogenium 3.5% for each. The mortality rate among our patients was 10/28 (35.7%). PID patients are at high risk of developing fungal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalia Abd Elaziz
- Pediatrics Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed Abd El-Ghany
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Safa Meshaal
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rabab El Hawary
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sohilla Lotfy
- Pediatrics Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nermeen Galal
- Pediatrics Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Salama A Ouf
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Aisha Elmarsafy
- Pediatrics Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Determination of the Microbial and Chemical Loads in Rivers from the Quito Capital Province of Ecuador (Pichincha)-A Preliminary Analysis of Microbial and Chemical Quality of the Main Rivers. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17145048. [PMID: 32674286 PMCID: PMC7400137 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17145048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Contamination of natural water sources is one of the main health problems worldwide, which could be caused by chemicals, metals, or microbial agents. This study aimed to analyze the quality of 18 rivers located in Quito, the capital province of Pichincha, Ecuador, through physico-chemical and microbial parameters. The E. coli and total coliforms assessments were performed by a counting procedure in growth media. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was realized to detect several microbial genera, as well as Candida albicans, two parasites (Cryptosporidium and Giardia spp.) and E. coli pathotypes: enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC), enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC), enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC) and enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC). Additionally, physico-chemical parameters and major and trace metals were analyzed in each surface water sample. Our results demonstrated that most of the rivers analyzed do not comply with the microbial, physico-chemical, and metal requirements established by the Ecuadorian legislation. In terms of microbial pollution, the most polluted rivers were Monjas, Machángara, Pisque, and Pita Rivers. Furthermore, three out of four analyzed E. coli pathotypes (EIEC, EHEC, and EAEC) were detected in certain rivers, specifically: Monjas River showed the presence of EIEC and EHEC; in the Machángara River, EAEC and EIEC were detected; and finally, EIEC was present in the Guayllabamba River. Several physico-chemical parameters, such as pH, CODtotal, and TSS values, were higher than the Ecuadorian guidelines in 11, 28, and 28% of the rivers, respectively. Regarding heavy metals, Zn, Cu, Ni, Pb, Cd, and Mn surpassed the established values in 94, 89, 61, 22, 22, and 17% of the rivers, respectively. Machangara River was the only one that registered higher Cr concentrations than the national guidelines. The values of Al and Fe were above the recommended values in 83 and 72% of the rivers. Overall, based on the physical-chemical and microbiological parameters the most contaminated rivers were Machángara and Monjas. This study revealed severe contaminations in Ecuadorean Rivers; further studies should evaluate the sources of contamination and their impact on public health.
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Bueno-Pallero FÁ, Blanco-Pérez R, Vicente-Díez I, Rodríguez Martín JA, Dionísio L, Campos-Herrera R. Patterns of Occurrence and Activity of Entomopathogenic Fungi in the Algarve (Portugal) Using Different Isolation Methods. INSECTS 2020; 11:insects11060352. [PMID: 32512919 PMCID: PMC7348715 DOI: 10.3390/insects11060352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) are distributed in natural and agricultural soils worldwide. To investigate EPF occurrence in different botanical habitats and soil-ecoregions, we surveyed 50 georeferenced localities in the spring of 2016 across the Algarve region (South Portugal). Additionally, we compared three EPF isolation methods: insect baiting in untreated or pre-dried-soil and soil dilution plating on a selective medium. We hypothesized that forest habitats (oak and pine semi-natural areas) and the acidic soil ecoregion may favor EPF occurrence. Overall, EPF species were present in 68% of sites, widely distributed throughout the Algarve. The use of selective media resulted in higher recovery of EPF than did either soil-baiting method. Contrary to our hypothesis, neither vegetation type nor ecoregion appeared to influence EPF occurrence. Traditional and molecular methods confirmed the presence of five EPF species. Beauveria bassiana (34% of sites), was the most frequently detected EPF, using pre-dried soil baiting and soil dilution methods. However, baiting untreated soil recovered Fusarium solani more frequently (26% of sites), demonstrating the utility of using multiple isolation methods. We also found Fusarium oxysporum, Purpureocillium lilacinum and Metarhizium anisopliae in 14%, 8% and 2% of the sites, respectively. Three abiotic variables (pH, soil organic matter and Mg) explained 96% of the variability of the entomopathogen community (EPF and entomopathogenic nematodes) in a canonical correspondence analysis, confirming the congruence of the soil properties that drive the assemblage of both entomopathogens. This study expands the knowledge of EPF distribution in natural and cultivated Mediterranean habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Ángel Bueno-Pallero
- UDIT MED—Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, Pólo, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Ed 8, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (F.Á.B.-P.); (L.D.)
| | - Rubén Blanco-Pérez
- Departamento de Viticultura, Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y del Vino (Gobierno de La Rioja, CSIC, Universidad de La Rioja), Finca La Grajera, Ctra. de Burgos Km. 6, 26007 Logroño, Spain; (R.B.-P.); (I.V.-D.)
| | - Ignacio Vicente-Díez
- Departamento de Viticultura, Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y del Vino (Gobierno de La Rioja, CSIC, Universidad de La Rioja), Finca La Grajera, Ctra. de Burgos Km. 6, 26007 Logroño, Spain; (R.B.-P.); (I.V.-D.)
| | - José Antonio Rodríguez Martín
- Departamento de Medioambiente, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria INIA, Ctra. de la Coruña, km 7.5, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Lídia Dionísio
- UDIT MED—Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, Pólo, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Ed 8, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (F.Á.B.-P.); (L.D.)
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas e Biotecnologia, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Ed 8, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Raquel Campos-Herrera
- Departamento de Viticultura, Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y del Vino (Gobierno de La Rioja, CSIC, Universidad de La Rioja), Finca La Grajera, Ctra. de Burgos Km. 6, 26007 Logroño, Spain; (R.B.-P.); (I.V.-D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-941-894980
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Maranhão FCDA, Mendonça NM, Teixeira TC, Lages GADCS, de Melo JA, Porciuncula CGG, da Silva Filho EA, Silva DMW. Molecular Identification of Candida Species in the Oral Microbiota of Individuals with Down Syndrome: A Case-Control Study. Mycopathologia 2020; 185:537-543. [PMID: 32458314 DOI: 10.1007/s11046-020-00457-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Candida species are common in the human oral microbiota and may cause oral candidiasis (OC) when the microbiota equilibrium is disturbed. Immunosuppressed individuals are susceptible to oral infections as individuals with Down syndrome (IDS) due to particularities of their mouth morphoanatomy, saliva and comorbidities. This study aimed to analyze the molecular epidemiology of Candida spp. from the oral cavity of IDS and their relatives. A case-control study with 80 IDS and 80 non-syndromic (non-DS) was evaluated by oral swab collection for culture on Sabouraud dextrose agar, selection of yeast colonies to Gram staining and culturing on chromogenic media. DNA extraction was performed with the phenol/chloroform method for screening of 6 Candida species medically important in PCR, applying SPSS for statistics. We confirmed four species in 46 IDS without use of antimicrobials (57.54%), with a high prevalence of C. albicans/Ca (93.48%/43) and 3 C. glabrata/Cg (6.52%), being 25 of these IDS (31.25%) colonized by species other than C. albicans: Ca + Cg (16), Ca + C. tropicalis/Ct (7) and Ca + C. krusei/Ck (2). Only 10 non-DS were colonized by one species (11.25%): 6 C. albicans, 2 C. glabrata, 1 C. tropicalis and 1 C. krusei. Previous OC was reported by 39 IDS (48.75%), being 33 positives for Candida spp. (84.61%) and 17 with active OC (21.25%). Five non-DS reported OC previously and had no active lesions. Behavioral changes and buccal health programs directed to IDS may help prevent OC and its recurrence, providing information on oral hygiene for self-care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Cristina de Albuquerque Maranhão
- Department of Microbiology, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceió, AL, Brazil. .,Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology, Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceió, AL, 57022-222, Brazil.
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Simultaneous hydrogen production and decolorization of denim textile wastewater: kinetics of decolorizing of indigo dye by bacterial and fungal strains. Braz J Microbiol 2020; 51:701-709. [PMID: 32319044 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-019-00157-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This study proposes the treatment and valorization of denim textile effluents through a fermentative hydrogen production process. Also, the study presents the decolorizing capabilities of bacterial and fungal isolates obtained from the fermented textile effluents. The maximum hydrogen production rate was 0.23 L H2/L-d, achieving at the same time color removal. A total of thirty-five bacteria and one fungal isolate were obtained from the fermented effluents and screened for their abilities to decolorize indigo dye, used as a model molecule. From them, isolates identified as Bacillus BT5, Bacillus BT9, Lactobacillus BT20, Lysinibacillus BT32, and Aspergillus H1T showed notable decolorizing capacities. Lactobacillus BT20 reached 90% of decolorization using glucose as co-substrate after 11 days of incubation producing colorless metabolites. Bacillus BT9 was able to utilize the indigo dye as the sole carbon source achieving a maximum decolorization of 60% after 9 days of incubation and producing a red-colored metabolite. In contrast, Bacillus BT5 and Lysinibacillus BT32 exhibited the lowest percentages of decolorization, barely 33% after 16 and 11 days of incubation, respectively. When Aspergillus H1T was grown in indigo dye supplemented with glucose, 96% of decolorization was reached after 2 days. This study demonstrates the valorization of denim textile effluents for the production of hydrogen via dark fermentation with concomitant color removal.
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De Agostini A, Caltagirone C, Caredda A, Cicatelli A, Cogoni A, Farci D, Guarino F, Garau A, Labra M, Lussu M, Piano D, Sanna C, Tommasi N, Vacca A, Cortis P. Heavy metal tolerance of orchid populations growing on abandoned mine tailings: A case study in Sardinia Island (Italy). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 189:110018. [PMID: 31812823 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.110018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Understanding how environmental pollutants influence plant occurrence, growth, and development is key for effective management plans and potential bioremediation. Rare plants, such as orchids, may occur in modified habitats and on soils containing heavy metals, yet their ecological and physiological responses to heavy metals is poorly understood. We investigated the influence of heavy metal pollution on orchid growth rates and interactions with soil fungal mutualists by comparing a large population of the orchid Epipactis helleborine (L.) Crantz subsp. tremolsii (Pau) E. Klein that grows on mine tailings in south-west Sardinia (Italy) with a population that grows on non-contaminated soils in central Sardinia. Soils of the contaminated site had high levels of heavy metals and low organic matter and nutritive elements content. We performed a morphological analysis on twenty individuals that have been subjected to measurement of bioaccumulation and translocation of heavy metals. Fungi associated with the roots of plants from the contaminated and uncontaminated site were grown and identified by DNA barcoding approach. Plants from the contaminated site were smaller than the ones growing in the uncontaminated site and were found to be able to tolerate heavy metals from the soil and to accumulate and translocate them into their organs. Fungi belonging to the genus Ilyonectria (Ascomycota) were found both in contaminated and uncontaminated sites, while an unidentified fungus was isolated from roots in the contaminated site only. These results are discussed in terms of orchids' tolerance to heavy metals and its physiological and ecological mechanisms. The role of contaminated habitats in harbouring orchids and peculiar taxa is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio De Agostini
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Via Sant'Ignazio da Laconi 13, 09123, Cagliari, CA, Italy
| | - Claudia Caltagirone
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria (Blocco D) - S.S. 554 bivio per Sestu, 09042, Monserrato, CA, Italy
| | - Alberto Caredda
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Via Sant'Ignazio da Laconi 13, 09123, Cagliari, CA, Italy
| | - Angela Cicatelli
- Department of Chemistry and Biology "A. Zambelli", University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084, Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Annalena Cogoni
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Via Sant'Ignazio da Laconi 13, 09123, Cagliari, CA, Italy
| | - Domenica Farci
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Nowoursynowska Str. 159, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Francesco Guarino
- Department of Chemistry and Biology "A. Zambelli", University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084, Fisciano, SA, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Garau
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria (Blocco D) - S.S. 554 bivio per Sestu, 09042, Monserrato, CA, Italy
| | - Massimo Labra
- Department of biotecnology and bioscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126, Milano, MI, Italy
| | - Michele Lussu
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Via Sant'Ignazio da Laconi 13, 09123, Cagliari, CA, Italy
| | - Dario Piano
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Via Sant'Ignazio da Laconi 13, 09123, Cagliari, CA, Italy
| | - Cinzia Sanna
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Via Sant'Ignazio da Laconi 13, 09123, Cagliari, CA, Italy
| | - Nicola Tommasi
- Department of biotecnology and bioscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126, Milano, MI, Italy
| | - Andrea Vacca
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria (Blocco D) - S.S. 554 bivio per Sestu, 09042, Monserrato, CA, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Cortis
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Via Sant'Ignazio da Laconi 13, 09123, Cagliari, CA, Italy
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Frequency of the Mating-Type (MAT1) in Histoplasma capsulatum Isolates from Buenos Aires, Argentina. Mycopathologia 2019; 185:169-174. [PMID: 31667672 DOI: 10.1007/s11046-019-00402-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Sex is genetically determined in Histoplasma capsulatum, governed by a sex-specific region in the genome called the mating-type locus (MAT1). We investigate the distribution of isolates of two H. capsulatum mating types in the clades circulating in Buenos Aires, Argentina. Forty-nine H. capsulatum isolates were obtained from the culture collection of the Mycology Center. The MAT1 locus was identified by PCR from the yeast suspension. The analysis of forty-eight isolates from clinical samples exhibited a ratio of 1.7 (MAT1-1:MAT1-2) and the only isolate from soil was MAT1-1. Forty-five H. capsulatum isolates belonged to the LAm B clade (H. capsulatum from Latin American group B clade) and showed a ratio of 1.8 (MAT1-1:MAT1-2). These results suggest an association between the mating types in isolates belonging to the LAm B clade. It remains to be defined whether a greater virulence should be attributed to the differences between the strains of the opposite mating type of the LAm B clade.
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Asadzadeh M, Alanazi AF, Ahmad S, Al-Sweih N, Khan Z. Lack of detection of Candida nivariensis and Candida bracarensis among 440 clinical Candida glabrata sensu lato isolates in Kuwait. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0223920. [PMID: 31618264 PMCID: PMC6795469 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0223920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Occurrence of Candida nivariensis and Candida bracarensis, two species phenotypically similar to Candida glabrata sensu stricto, in human clinical samples from different geographical settings remains unknown. This study developed a low-cost multiplex PCR (mPCR) and three species-specific singleplex PCR assays. Reference strains of common Candida species were used during development and the performance of mPCR and singleplex PCR assays was evaluated with 440 clinical C. glabrata sensu lato isolates. The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of rDNA was also sequenced from 85 selected isolates and rDNA sequence variations were used for determining genetic relatedness among the isolates by using MEGA X software. Species-specific amplicons for C. glabrata (~360 bp), C. nivariensis (~250 bp) and C. bracarensis (~180 bp) were obtained in mPCR while no amplicon was obtained from other Candida species. The three singleplex PCR assays also yielded expected results with reference strains of Candida species. The mPCR amplified ~360 bp amplicon from all 440 C. glabrata sensu lato isolates thus identifying all clinical isolates in Kuwait as C. glabrata sensu stricto. The results of mPCR were confirmed for all 440 isolates as they yielded an amplicon only in C. glabrata sensu stricto-specific singleplex PCR assay. The rDNA sequence data identified 28 ITS haplotypes among 85 isolates with 18 isolates belonging to unique haplotypes and 67 isolates belonging to 10 cluster haplotypes. In conclusion, we have developed a simple, low-cost mPCR assay for rapid differentiation of C. glabrata sensu stricto from C. nivariensis and C. bracarensis. Our data obtained from a large collection of clinical C. glabrata sensu lato isolates show that C. nivariensis and C. bracarensis are rare pathogens in Kuwait. Considerable genetic diversity among C. glabrata sensu stricto isolates was also indicated by rDNA sequence analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Asadzadeh
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Jabriya, Kuwait
| | - Ahlam F. Alanazi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Jabriya, Kuwait
| | - Suhail Ahmad
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Jabriya, Kuwait
- * E-mail: ,
| | - Noura Al-Sweih
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Jabriya, Kuwait
| | - Ziauddin Khan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Jabriya, Kuwait
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23
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Shrief R, Zaki MES, El-Sehsah EM, Ghaleb S, Mofreh M. Study of Antifungal Susceptibility, Virulence Genes and Biofilm Formation in Candida albicans. Open Microbiol J 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1874285801913010241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background:
Candida albicans has emerged as an important nosocomial pathogen. The morbidity and mortality associated with this pathogen are related to the presence of virulence genes and antifungal resistance. The objective of the present study was to investigate the prevalence of antifungal resistance, biofilm formation and some virulence genes such as ALS1, PLB1, INT1, SAP1 and HWP1, among clinical isolates of Candida albicans recovered from immunocompromised patients.
Methods:
The study included one hundred C. albicans isolates identified phenotypically and by a molecular technique using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). The identified C. albicans was further subjected to antifungal study by the microdilution method, biofilm study and molecular study for virulence genes by PCR.
Results:
The resistance to antifungal drugs, fluconazole, caspofungin and itraconazole was 8% for each of them and for amphotericin B, it was 9%. The prevalence of the studied virulence genes was HWP1 77%, INT1 72%, ALS1 65%, SAP1 65% and PLB1 52%. The biofilm capacity was identified by the microplate method in 58% of C. albicans. The OD was intense in 20 isolates, moderate in 21 isolates and mild in 17 isolates. There was a statistically significant increase in the prevalence of the studied virulence genes INT1, ALS1, HWP1, SAP1 and PLB1 among biofilm forming C. albicans as compared to non-biofilm forming isolates (P=0.0001). Additionally, the resistance to fluconazole, itraconazole and caspofungin was statistically, significantly higher in C. albicans with the capacity to form biofilm as compared to non-biofilm forming C. albicans.
Conclusion:
The present study highlights the prevalence of resistance to antifungal drugs among C. albicans which are not uncommon. Moreover, there was a high prevalence of INT1, ALS1, HWP1, SAP1 and PLB1 genes in C. albicans. The resistance to antifungal drugs was common among isolates with the capacity to form the biofilm. There was an association between the biofilm formation and virulence genes.
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Arastehfar A, Wickes BL, Ilkit M, Pincus DH, Daneshnia F, Pan W, Fang W, Boekhout T. Identification of Mycoses in Developing Countries. J Fungi (Basel) 2019; 5:E90. [PMID: 31569472 PMCID: PMC6958481 DOI: 10.3390/jof5040090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2019] [Revised: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Extensive advances in technology offer a vast variety of diagnostic methods that save time and costs, but identification of fungal species causing human infections remains challenging in developing countries. Since the echinocandins, antifungals widely used to treat invasive mycoses, are still unavailable in developing countries where a considerable number of problematic fungal species are present, rapid and reliable identification is of paramount importance. Unaffordability, large footprints, lack of skilled personnel, and high costs associated with maintenance and infrastructure are the main factors precluding the establishment of high-precision technologies that can replace inexpensive yet time-consuming and inaccurate phenotypic methods. In addition, point-of-care lateral flow assay tests are available for the diagnosis of Aspergillus and Cryptococcus and are highly relevant for developing countries. An Aspergillus galactomannan lateral flow assay is also now available. Real-time PCR remains difficult to standardize and is not widespread in countries with limited resources. Isothermal and conventional PCR-based amplification assays may be alternative solutions. The combination of real-time PCR and serological assays can significantly increase diagnostic efficiency. However, this approach is too expensive for medical institutions in developing countries. Further advances in next-generation sequencing and other innovative technologies such as clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-based diagnostic tools may lead to efficient, alternate methods that can be used in point-of-care assays, which may supplement or replace some of the current technologies and improve the diagnostics of fungal infections in developing countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Arastehfar
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Brian L Wickes
- The Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
| | - Macit Ilkit
- Division of Mycology, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Çukurova, Adana 01330, Turkey.
| | | | - Farnaz Daneshnia
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Weihua Pan
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Medical Mycology, Shanghai Institute of Medical Mycology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China.
| | - Wenjie Fang
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Medical Mycology, Shanghai Institute of Medical Mycology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China.
| | - Teun Boekhout
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands.
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Medical Mycology, Shanghai Institute of Medical Mycology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China.
- Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, 1012 WX Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Danis Vijay D, Jayanthi S, Meenakshi N, Meharaj SHS, Sujhithra A, Perumal J. Characterization of virulence factors, antifungal resistance with ERG-11 gene among Candida species isolated from pulmonary samples. Microb Pathog 2019; 137:103750. [PMID: 31536801 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2019.103750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Candida is a part of the normal oropharyngeal flora and the upper respiratory tract. Candida albicans(C. albicans), is the predominant species causing respiratory tract infections associated with pneumonia. Resistance to azole antifungal agents among the C. albicans may be due to alteration of the target enzymes, which are encoded in ERG11 gene. The biofilm formation may also be a cause to antifungal resistance. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study was conducted at Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute. Samples were collected from June 2018-June 2019, for a period of 1 year. After species confirmation, virulence factor among the Candida species were identified by hemolysis test, coagulase test and biofilm formation. Genotypic confirmation of C. albicans and their azole resistance due to ERG 11 gene were done using multiplex PCR. RESULTS In our study, 31 (55%) C. albicans, 8 (14%) Candida glabrata(C. glabrata) and 10 (17%) Candida tropicalis(C. tropicalis), three Aspergillus flavus(A. flavus), two Aspergillus fumigatous (A. fumigatous), one Aspergillus niger (A. niger) and one Mucor species were isolated. In C. albicans, 31 were positive for Germ tube and Chalmydospore formation. Six of candida species were isolated along with bacterial co infection. Among the Candida isolates, 17 (55%) C. albicans strains were strongly biofilm positive and 14(45%) were negative. The susceptibility pattern of (n = 31) C. albicans were as follows: fluconazole (21(68%) S, 10(32%) R), voriconazole (22(71%)S),9(21%) R) and Amphotericin B 31(100%) S). Among the 19 C. albicans, four were positive for ERG11 gene. CONCLUSION The isolation of C. albicans and non - albicans from respiratory specimens should be reconsidered as these organisms are re-emerging pathogens. Speciation is needed due to variation in species pathogenicity and their susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Danis Vijay
- Department of Microbiology, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Chettinad Academy of Research & Education (CARE), Kelambakkam, 603103, Tamilnadu, India
| | - S Jayanthi
- Department of Microbiology, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Chettinad Academy of Research & Education (CARE), Kelambakkam, 603103, Tamilnadu, India.
| | - N Meenakshi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Chettinad Academy of Research & Education (CARE), Kelambakkam, 603103, Tamilnadu, India
| | - S H Shifa Meharaj
- Department of Microbiology, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Chettinad Academy of Research & Education (CARE), Kelambakkam, 603103, Tamilnadu, India
| | - A Sujhithra
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences (FAHS), Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Chettinad Academy of Research & Education (CARE), Kelambakkam, 603103, Tamilnadu, India
| | - J Perumal
- Department of Microbiology, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Chettinad Academy of Research & Education (CARE), Kelambakkam, 603103, Tamilnadu, India
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Ceballos-Garzón A, Cortes G, Morio F, Zamora-Cruz EL, Linares MY, Ariza BE, Valderrama SL, Garzón JR, Alvarez-Moreno CA, Le Pape P, Parra-Giraldo CM. Comparison between MALDI-TOF MS and MicroScan in the identification of emerging and multidrug resistant yeasts in a fourth-level hospital in Bogotá, Colombia. BMC Microbiol 2019; 19:106. [PMID: 31122184 PMCID: PMC6533654 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-019-1482-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The introduction of MALDI-TOF MS in the clinical microbiology laboratory has modified the approaches for the identification of fungi. Thanks to this tool, it is possible to identify cryptic species, which possess critical susceptibility patterns. Clinical strains were identified using the MicroScan and MALDI-TOF MS systems. Discrepant results from both methods were investigated using ITS rDNA barcoding. Finally, these isolates were also tested for in vitro susceptibility. Results The percentage of agreement between both methods to 498 yeast isolates was of 93.6% (32 discrepant isolates). The concordance of ITS sequencing with MALDI-TOF MS was higher (99%) than that of MicroScan (94%). Several of these discordant yeasts displayed high MICs for antifungal agents. Conclusions Our study highlights the need of the MS and molecular approaches such as MALDI-TOF MS and ITS rDNA barcoding for the correct identification of emerging or cryptic yeast species; besides, some of these could be multidrug resistant. This work was the first experience in the implementation of the MALDI-TOF MS technology in Colombia. We found the first uncommon yeasts including Candida auris and we could identify Trichosporon faecalis. Our work highlights a clear necessity of an accurate yeast identification as a much more pertinent technique than the susceptibility profiles, because the most unusual yeasts exhibit resistance profiles to the few available antifungals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Ceballos-Garzón
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Unidad de Proteomica y Micosis Humanas, Grupo de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia.,Grupo de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, Bogotá, Colombia.,Department of Parasitology and Medical Mycology of the University of Nantes, Nantes Atlantique Universities, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nantes, France
| | - Gloria Cortes
- Laboratorio Clínico, Área de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, Bogotá, Colombia.,Grupo de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Florent Morio
- Department of Parasitology and Medical Mycology of the University of Nantes, Nantes Atlantique Universities, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nantes, France
| | - Edna L Zamora-Cruz
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Unidad de Proteomica y Micosis Humanas, Grupo de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Melva Y Linares
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Unidad de Proteomica y Micosis Humanas, Grupo de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia.,Grupo de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Beatriz E Ariza
- Laboratorio Clínico, Área de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, Bogotá, Colombia.,Grupo de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Sandra L Valderrama
- Unidad de Infectología, Departamento de Medicina Interna, Facultad de Medicina, Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, Bogotá, Colombia.,Grupo de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Javier R Garzón
- Unidad de Infectología, Departamento de Medicina Interna, Facultad de Medicina, Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, Bogotá, Colombia.,Grupo de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Carlos A Alvarez-Moreno
- Grupo de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Patrice Le Pape
- Department of Parasitology and Medical Mycology of the University of Nantes, Nantes Atlantique Universities, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nantes, France
| | - Claudia M Parra-Giraldo
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Unidad de Proteomica y Micosis Humanas, Grupo de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia. .,Grupo de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, Bogotá, Colombia.
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Jaiswal K, Singh AK, Mishra S. Mycotic Infections in Bovines: Recent Trends and Insights on Pathogenicity After Post-Industrial Temperature Rise. Fungal Biol 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-18586-2_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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28
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Amanloo S, Shams-Ghahfarokhi M, Ghahri M, Razzaghi-Abyaneh M. Genotyping of clinical isolates of Candida glabrata from Iran by multilocus sequence typing and determination of population structure and drug resistance profile. Med Mycol 2018; 56:207-215. [PMID: 28482076 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myx030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida glabrata is often the second most common causative agent for candidiasis following Candida albicans. Despite the importance of C. glabrata infections, few epidemiological studies have been conducted on this issue. The goal of this study was genotyping of clinical isolates of C. glabrata by multilocus sequence typing (MLST) technique for determination of the endemic prevalent genotypes and any association between isolation source and drug resistance. A total of 50 C. glabrata clinical isolates from Iran were analyzed by MLST and tested for in-vitro susceptibilities to amphotericin-B, caspofungin, fluconazole, and voriconazole according to the Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) M27-A4 document guidelines. Among these isolates, 16 distinct STs were identified, indicating a discriminatory power index of 0.9029. The three major sequence types (STs) were ST-59, ST-74, and ST-7 with 10, 8, and 7 isolates, respectively. Furthermore, a total of 11 new sequences were found, to which no allele numbers were assigned in the MLST database. All the isolates were susceptible to amphotericin B and caspofungin. Fluconazole resistance was shown in four isolates. Also, a sole isolate was voriconazole resistant. This study shows that the population structure of C. glabrata in Iran consists of groups closely related to the global database as well as to some new clonal clusters and STs. Regarding the high prevalence of 11 new sequences found in this study, it can be concluded that, these new alleles are among the endemic genotypes of Iran. The genotypes or STs were independent of drug susceptibility and anatomic sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeid Amanloo
- Department of Mycology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 14115-331, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Ghahri
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Imam Hossein University, Tehran, Iran
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Identification of Candida Species Isolated from Vulvovaginal Candidiasis Patients by Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) in Yasuj Southwestern Iran. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2018. [DOI: 10.5812/jjm.65359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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30
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In Vitro Antidrug Susceptibility Testing of Candida Species Isolated from Aseptic Body Fluids. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2018. [DOI: 10.5812/jjm.55547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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31
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Ruiz de Alegría Puig C, Agüero-Balbín J, Fernández-Mazarrasa C, Martínez-Martínez L. Evaluation of the Vitek-MS™ system in the identification of Candida isolates from bloodstream infections. Rev Iberoam Micol 2018; 35:130-133. [DOI: 10.1016/j.riam.2018.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Revised: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
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Krohn S, Zeller K, Böhm S, Chatzinotas A, Harms H, Hartmann J, Heidtmann A, Herber A, Kaiser T, Treuheit M, Hoffmeister A, Berg T, Engelmann C. Molecular quantification and differentiation of Candida species in biological specimens of patients with liver cirrhosis. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0197319. [PMID: 29897895 PMCID: PMC5999271 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0197319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with liver cirrhosis are susceptible to fungal infections. Due to low sensitivity of culture-based methods, we applied a real-time PCR assay targeting the 18S rRNA gene in combination with direct sequencing and terminal-restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) in order to establish a novel tool to detect fungal DNA and to quantify and differentiate Candida DNA, also in polyfungal specimens. In total, 281 samples (blood n = 135, ascites n = 92, duodenal fluid n = 54) from 135 patients with liver cirrhosis and 52 samples (blood n = 26, duodenal fluid n = 26) from 26 control patients were collected prospectively. Candida DNA was quantified in all samples. Standard microbiological culture was performed for comparison. Blood and ascites samples, irrespective of the patient cohort, showed a method-independent low fungal detection rate of approximately 1%, and the Candida DNA content level did not exceed 3.0x101 copies ml-1 in any sample. In contrast, in duodenal fluid of patients with liver cirrhosis high fungal detection rates were discovered by using both PCR- and culture-based techniques (81.5% vs. 66.7%; p = 0.123) and the median level of Candida DNA was 3.8x105 copies ml-1 (2.3x102-6.3x109). In cirrhosis and controls, fungal positive culture results were confirmed by PCR in 96% and an additional amount of 44% of culture negative duodenal samples were PCR positive. Using T-RFLP analysis in duodenal samples, overall 85% of results from microbial culture were confirmed and in 75% of culture-negative but PCR-positive samples additional Candida species could be identified. In conclusion, PCR-based methods and subsequent differentiation of Candida DNA might offer a quick approach to identifying Candida species without prior cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Krohn
- University Hospital Leipzig, Section of Hepatology, Clinic of Gastroenterology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research—UFZ, Department of Environmental Microbiology, Leipzig, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Katharina Zeller
- University Hospital Leipzig, Section of Hepatology, Clinic of Gastroenterology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stephan Böhm
- Ludwig Maximilians-University, Max von Pettenkofer-Institute for Hygiene and Clinical Microbiology, Munich, Germany
| | - Antonis Chatzinotas
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research—UFZ, Department of Environmental Microbiology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Hauke Harms
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research—UFZ, Department of Environmental Microbiology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jan Hartmann
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hospital and Outpatient Clinic for Internal Medicine A, Ernst Moritz Arndt University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Anett Heidtmann
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research—UFZ, Department of Environmental Microbiology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Adam Herber
- University Hospital Leipzig, Section of Hepatology, Clinic of Gastroenterology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thorsten Kaiser
- Institute for Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Maud Treuheit
- Institute for Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Albrecht Hoffmeister
- Interdisciplinary Endoscopy Unit, Clinic of Gastroenterology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thomas Berg
- University Hospital Leipzig, Section of Hepatology, Clinic of Gastroenterology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Cornelius Engelmann
- University Hospital Leipzig, Section of Hepatology, Clinic of Gastroenterology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- University College London, Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, Royal Free Campus, London, United Kingdom
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Guswenrivo I, Tseng SP, Scotty Yang CC, Yoshimura T. Development of Multiplex Nested PCR for Simultaneous Detection of Ectoparasitic Fungi Laboulbeniopsis termitarius and Antennopsis gallica on Reticulitermes speratus (Blattodea: Rhinotermitidae). JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2018; 111:1330-1336. [PMID: 29669024 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toy091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Laboulbeniopsis termitarius (Thaxt) and Antennopsis gallica (Buchli and Heim) are two of the most common ectoparasitic fungi found on the body surface of termites. While visual observation under a dissecting microscope is a common method used to screen for such fungi, it generally requires a large number of termites and is thus very time consuming. In this study, we develop a fast, efficient protocol to detect fungal infection on the termite Reticulitermes speratus (Kolbe). Species-specific primers were designed based on sequence data and amplified using a number of universal fungus primer pairs that target partial sequences of the 18s rRNA gene of the two fungi. To detect these fungi in a robust yet economic manner, we then developed a multiplex nested polymerase chain reaction assay using species-specific primers. Results suggested that both fungi could be successfully detected, even in cases where L. termitarius was at low titer (e.g., a single thallus per termite). The new method described here is recommended for future surveys of these two fungi, as it is more sensitive, species specific, and faster than visual observation, and is likely to facilitate a better understanding of these fungi and their dynamics in host populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Guswenrivo
- Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto, Japan
- Research and Development Unit for Biomaterials, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Cibinong Science Center, Cibinong-Bogor, Indonesia
| | - S P Tseng
- Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto, Japan
| | - C C Scotty Yang
- Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto, Japan
| | - T Yoshimura
- Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto, Japan
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Abbasi Nejat Z, Farahyar S, Falahati M, Ashrafi Khozani M, Hosseini AF, Faiazy A, Ekhtiari M, Hashemi-Hafshenjani S. Molecular Identification and Antifungal Susceptibility Pattern of Non-albicans Candida Species Isolated from Vulvovaginal Candidiasis. IRANIAN BIOMEDICAL JOURNAL 2018; 22:33-41. [PMID: 28688376 PMCID: PMC5712382 DOI: 10.22034/ibj.22.1.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Background Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is an important health problem caused by Candida spp. The aim of this study was molecular identification, phylogenetic analysis, and evaluation of antifungal susceptibility of non-albicans Candida isolates from VVC. Methods Vaginal secretion samples were collected from 550 vaginitis patients at Sayyad Shirazi Medical and Educational Center of Gorgan (Golestan Province, Iran) from May to October 2015. Samples were analyzed using conventional mycological and molecular approaches. Clinical isolates were analyzed with specific PCR using CGL primers, and the internal transcribed spacer region and the D1-D2 domain of the large-subunit rRNA gene were amplified and sequenced. Susceptibility to amphotericin B, fluconazole, itraconazole, and clotrimazole was determined by the guidelines of the Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute. Results In total, 35 non-albicans Candida isolates were identified from VVC patients. The isolates included 27 strains of Candida glabrata (77.1%), 5 Candida krusei (Pichia kudriavzevii; 14.3%), 2 Candida kefyr (Kluyveromyces marxianus; 5.7%), and 1 Candida lusitaniae (Clavispora lusitaniae; 2.9%). The fungicides itraconazole and amphotericin B were effective against all species. One isolate of C. glabrata showed resistance to fluconazole and clotrimazole, and 26 isolates of C. glabrata indicated dose-dependent susceptibility to fluconazole. C. lusitaniae was susceptible in a dose-dependent manner to fluconazole and resistant to clotrimazole. Conclusion Non-albicans Candida spp. are common agents of vulvovaginitis, and C. glabrata is the most common species in the tested patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziba Abbasi Nejat
- International Campus, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shirin Farahyar
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Microbial Biotechnology Research Center, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehraban Falahati
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahtab Ashrafi Khozani
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Aga Fateme Hosseini
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azamsadat Faiazy
- 5Department of Gynecology, Sayyad Shirazi Hospital, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Masoome Ekhtiari
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeideh Hashemi-Hafshenjani
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Gómez-Casanova N, Bellido A, Espinosa-Texis A, Cueva R, Ciudad T, Larriba G. Candida tropicalis Isolates from Mexican Republic Exhibit High Susceptibility to Bleomycin and Variable Susceptibility to Hydrogen Peroxide. Microb Drug Resist 2017; 24:1031-1039. [PMID: 29267134 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2017.0253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida sp. are found as part of the commensal flora in humans but can cause invasive candidiasis in patients with severe underlying disease, especially cancer patients. These patients are frequently subjected to nonsurgical anticancer treatments such as ionizing radiation and anticancer drugs, which kill proliferating human cells by damaging DNA but also affect the microbiota of the patient. C. tropicalis, an emerging fungal pathogen, is associated with high mortality rates of cancer patients especially in tropical regions. In this study, we have investigated the in vitro susceptibility of 38 C. tropicalis clinical isolates from several Mexican hospitals to chronic treatments with several DNA damaging agents, including oxidizing compounds and anticancer drugs. C. tropicalis isolates displayed a high variability in their susceptibility to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) while showing a high susceptibility to bleomycin (BLM), an anticancer drug that causes double-strand breaks in DNA. This contrasted with the moderate-to-high resistance exhibited by several C. albicans laboratory strains. At least for the C. tropicalis reference strain MYA3404, this susceptibility was hardly modified by the presence of serum. Our results open the possibility of using susceptibility to BLM to differentiate between C. tropicalis and C. albicans; however, analysis of a larger number of isolates is required. The use of BLM for prevention of C. tropicalis infections in neutropenic patients with cancer should be also evaluated. Finally, the variable susceptibility to H2O2 might be due to allelic variation of the histone acetyl-transferase complex which modulates the induction kinetics of H2O2-induced genes in C. tropicalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Gómez-Casanova
- 1 Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, F. de Ciencias, Universidad de Extremadura , Badajoz, Spain
| | - Alberto Bellido
- 1 Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, F. de Ciencias, Universidad de Extremadura , Badajoz, Spain
| | - Alejandra Espinosa-Texis
- 2 Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Microbiológicas, Instituto de Ciencias, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Laboratorio de Micología, Puebla, México
| | - Rosario Cueva
- 1 Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, F. de Ciencias, Universidad de Extremadura , Badajoz, Spain
| | - Toni Ciudad
- 1 Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, F. de Ciencias, Universidad de Extremadura , Badajoz, Spain
| | - Germán Larriba
- 1 Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, F. de Ciencias, Universidad de Extremadura , Badajoz, Spain
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Comparison of real-time PCR, nested PCR, and galactomannan antigen detection by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in sera for diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis. J Mycol Med 2017; 27:487-493. [PMID: 28822706 DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2017.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2017] [Revised: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Conventional methods for diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis (IA) lack sensitivity and specificity. Serological methods still have many cases of cross-reactivity. However, molecular techniques seem to arise as a rapid approach, specific and direct that could be used in the diagnosis of IA. In this study, we analyzed 88 serum samples from patients of having IA using GM-ELISA test, nested PCR with primers for the rRNA 18S of Aspergillus genus and real time PCR specific for A. fumigatus. Among the 88 samples, 64 of them had positive GM titers and 23 had positive nested PCRs; 18 of the 23 PCR-positive samples were also GM-positive. On the other hand, 18 samples were detected positive by reel time PCR; 13 positive samples were also detecting positive by nested PCR. QPCR revealed 26 % of the patients with IA, while nested PCR and galactomannan ELISA revealed respectively 34 % and 94 % of the patients with IA. Probable IA was diagnosed in 18 and possible IA was diagnosed in 6 episodes. Forty-four episodes were defined as not having IA. The positive and negative predictive values were respectively 100 %, and 88 % for QPCR, 100 % and 97 % for nested PCR, and 28 % and 60 % for GM test. These results suggesting that combined use of methods might improve the diagnosis of IA.
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Gauch LMR, Pedrosa SS, Silveira-Gomes F, Esteves RA, Marques-da-Silva SH. Isolation of Candida spp. from denture-related stomatitis in Pará, Brazil. Braz J Microbiol 2017; 49:148-151. [PMID: 29054393 PMCID: PMC5790581 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjm.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2013] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to isolate and identify Candida species from the oral cavity of denture wearers with denture-related stomatitis who were attended at the University Federal of Pará (Belém City, Pará State, Brazil). A total of 36 denture wearers with denture-related stomatitis were included, and type I (50%), type II (33%) and type III (17%) stomatitis were observed. Candida spp. were isolated from 89% of the cases and included five different Candida species. C. albicans was the most frequently recovered species (78% of the cases), followed by C. famata and C. tropicalis. We observed a significant association between Candida species isolation and unsatisfactory denture condition (p = 0.0017). Our results demonstrated the highly frequency of Candida species isolation in denture wearers with denture-related stomatitis and showed the relationship between these species and poor denture maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lurdete Maria Rocha Gauch
- Federal University of Pará, Science Health Institute Belém, Odontology College, Belém, PA, Brazil; Federal University of Pará, Science Biologic Institute, Postgraduate Program in Biology of Infectious and Parasitic Agents, Belém, PA, Brazil.
| | - Simone Soares Pedrosa
- Federal University of Pará, Science Health Institute Belém, Odontology College, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Fabíola Silveira-Gomes
- Federal University of Pará, Science Biologic Institute, Postgraduate Program in Biology of Infectious and Parasitic Agents, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Renata Antunes Esteves
- Federal University of Pará, Science Health Institute Belém, Odontology College, Belém, PA, Brazil
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Characterization of the Same Mutations in FCA1 Gene Associated With 5-FC Resistance of Candida albicans. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2017. [DOI: 10.5812/jjm.12952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Janulaitiene M, Paliulyte V, Grinceviciene S, Zakareviciene J, Vladisauskiene A, Marcinkute A, Pleckaityte M. Prevalence and distribution of Gardnerella vaginalis subgroups in women with and without bacterial vaginosis. BMC Infect Dis 2017; 17:394. [PMID: 28583109 PMCID: PMC5460423 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-017-2501-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is one of the leading causes of vaginal complaints among women of childbearing age. The role of Gardnerella vaginalis remains controversial due to its presence in healthy and BV-type vaginal microflora. The phenotypic and genotypic heterogeneity of G. vaginalis suggested the existence of strain variants linked with different health conditions. We sought to analyze prevalence and distribution of G. vaginalis subgroups (clades) in BV-positive (n = 29), partial BV (n = 27), and BV-negative (n = 53) vaginal samples from Lithuanian women. METHODS Vaginal samples were characterized by Amsel criteria and the Nugent method. Bacterial signatures characteristic of BV and concomitant infections were identified by culture and PCR. Using singleplex PCR assays, G. vaginalis subgroups were identified in 109 noncultured vaginal specimens by targeting clade-specific genes. Isolated G. vaginalis clinical strains were subtyped and the presence of the sialidase coding gene was detected by PCR. Data analysis was performed using GraphPad Prism statistical software. RESULTS G. vaginalis was found in 87% of women without BV. Clade 4 was most frequently detected (79.4%), followed by clade 1 (63.7%), clade 2 (42.2%), and clade 3 (15.7%). Multi-clade G. vaginalis communities showed a positive association with Nugent score (NS) ≥ 4 (OR 3.64; 95% CI 1.48-8.91; p = 0.005). Clade 1 and clade 2 were statistically significantly more common in samples with NS 7-10 (OR 4.69; 95% CI 1.38-15.88; p = 0.01 and OR 6.26; 95% CI 2.20-17.81; p ≤ 0.001, respectively). Clade 3 and clade 4 showed no association with high NS (OR 0.88; 95% CI 0.26-3.04; p = 1.00 and OR 1.31; 95% CI 0.39-4.41; p = 0.767, respectively). The gene coding for sialidase was detected in all isolates of clade 1 and clade 2, but not in clade 4 isolates. CONCLUSIONS We showed an association between the microbial state of vaginal microflora and specific subgroups of G. vaginalis, the distribution of which may determine the clinical manifestation of BV. The frequent detection of clade 4 in the BV-negative samples might be due its lack of the gene coding for sialidase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Migle Janulaitiene
- Institute of Biotechnology, Vilnius University, Sauletekio al. 7, 10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
- National Public Health Surveillance Laboratory, Zolyno g. 36, 10210 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Virginija Paliulyte
- Clinic of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Ciurlionio g. 21/27, 03101 Vilnius, Lithuania
- Centre of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos, Santariskiu g. 2, 08661 Vilnius, Lithuania
- Antiaging Clinic, Sakalu g. 22, 08108 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Svitrigaile Grinceviciene
- Institute of Biotechnology, Vilnius University, Sauletekio al. 7, 10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
- Ona Gureviciene Family Clinic, Gedimino g. 17, 68307 Marijampole, Lithuania
| | - Jolita Zakareviciene
- Clinic of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Ciurlionio g. 21/27, 03101 Vilnius, Lithuania
- Centre of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos, Santariskiu g. 2, 08661 Vilnius, Lithuania
- Antiaging Clinic, Sakalu g. 22, 08108 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Alma Vladisauskiene
- Centre of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos, Santariskiu g. 2, 08661 Vilnius, Lithuania
- Antiaging Clinic, Sakalu g. 22, 08108 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Agne Marcinkute
- Antiaging Clinic, Sakalu g. 22, 08108 Vilnius, Lithuania
- Departament of Gynaecology, Vilnius City Clinical Hospital, Antakalnio g. 57, 10207 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Milda Pleckaityte
- Institute of Biotechnology, Vilnius University, Sauletekio al. 7, 10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
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[new multiplex PCR for species-specific diagnosis of human candidiasis]. BIOMEDICA 2017; 37:200-208. [PMID: 28527284 DOI: 10.7705/biomedica.v37i2.3202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Revised: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Candidiases is a group of opportunistic infections caused by yeasts belonging to the genus Candida. Candida albicans is the most prevalent species in both superficial and deep infections, however, the clinical importance of non-albicans Candida has increased during the last decade, driving an urgent need for diagnostic tests that allow for species-level resolution and selection of the optimum therapeutic approach. OBJECTIVE To design and to optimize a new multiplex PCR assay for the simultaneous identification of the five most relevant species of Candida involved in human candidiasis etiology. MATERIALS AND METHODS For primers design, the physical and thermodynamic restrictions that affect multiplex PCR performance were analyzed using Gene Runner and Mult-PSOS. As templates, the internal transcribed region 2 (ITR2) was selected for C. albicans (AJ249486.1), and topoisomerase II (TOPII) for C. parasilopsis (AB049144.1), C. krusei (AB049139.1), C. tropicalis (AB049141.1), and C. guillermondii (AB049145.1). We used ATCC strains of all these five species and clinical isolates as templates. RESULTS We designed ten oligonucleotides for the simultaneous amplification of the Candida species. The electrophoresis band profile was: C. albicans (206 bp), C. guillermondii (244 bp), C. tropicalis (474 bp), C. parasilopsis (558 bp), and C. krusei (419 bp). CONCLUSION The new multiplex PCR assay designed in this study allowed a simultaneous and efficient amplification of the amplicons corresponding to the five species of Candida under study, with an adequate resolution in standard agarose gel.
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Kim HR, Shin JM, Lee JH, Lee HE, Im M, Lee Y, Kim CD, Seo YJ, Lee JH. Primary Cutaneous Aspergillosis after Tattoo Removal Using a 1,064-nm Q-Switched Nd:YAG Laser in an Immunocompetent Patient. Ann Dermatol 2017; 29:241-243. [PMID: 28392660 PMCID: PMC5383758 DOI: 10.5021/ad.2017.29.2.241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Revised: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jung-Min Shin
- Department of Dermatology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jin-Hyup Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Hae-Eul Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Myung Im
- Department of Dermatology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Young Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Chang-Deok Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Young-Joon Seo
- Department of Dermatology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jeung-Hoon Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
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Boatto HF, Cavalcanti SDB, Del Negro GM, Girão MJB, Francisco EC, Ishida K, Gompertz OF. Candida duobushaemulonii: an emerging rare pathogenic yeast isolated from recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis in Brazil. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2017; 111:407-10. [PMID: 27304096 PMCID: PMC4909041 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760160166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to identify Candida species isolated from
women diagnosed with recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis (RVVC) and their partners;
and to evaluate the fluconazole (FLZ) susceptibility of the isolates. In a period of
six years, among 172 patients diagnosed with vulvovaginal candidiasis, 13 women that
presented RVVC and their partners were selected for this investigation. The isolates
were obtained using Chromagar Candida medium, the species identification was
performed by phenotypic and molecular methods and FLZ susceptibility was evaluated by
E-test. Among 26 strains we identified 14Candida albicans, six
Candida duobushaemulonii, four Candida glabrata,
and twoCandida tropicalis. Agreement of the isolated species
occurred in 100% of the couples. FLZ low susceptibility was observed for all isolates
of C. duobushaemulonii (minimal inhibitory concentration values from
8-> 64 µg/mL), two C. glabrataisolates were FLZ-resistant and all
C. albicans and C. tropicalis isolates were
FLZ-susceptible. This report emphasises the importance of accurate identification of
the fungal agents by a reliable molecular technique in RVVC episodes besides the
lower antifungal susceptibility profile of this rare pathogen C.
duobushaemulonii to FLZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Humberto Fabio Boatto
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Departamento de Ginecologia, São Paulo SP , Brasil, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Departamento de Ginecologia, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.,Universidade de Mogi das Cruzes, Universidade Mogi das Cruzes, Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Clínica Médica, Mogi das Cruzes SP , Brasil, Universidade Mogi das Cruzes, Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Clínica Médica, Mogi das Cruzes, SP, Brasil
| | - Sarah Desirée Barbosa Cavalcanti
- Universidade de São Paulo, Universidade de São Paulo, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina, São Paulo SP , Brasil, Universidade de São Paulo, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Gilda Mb Del Negro
- Universidade de São Paulo, Universidade de São Paulo, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina, São Paulo SP , Brasil, Universidade de São Paulo, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Manoel João Bc Girão
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Departamento de Ginecologia, São Paulo SP , Brasil, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Departamento de Ginecologia, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Elaine Cristina Francisco
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Departamento de Infectologia, São Paulo SP , Brasil, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Departamento de Infectologia, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Kelly Ishida
- Universidade de São Paulo, Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Departamento de Microbiologia, São Paulo SP , Brasil, Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Departamento de Microbiologia, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Olga Fischman Gompertz
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, São Paulo SP , Brasil, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
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Santos M, Golt C, Joerger R, Mechor G, Mourão GB, Kung L. Identification of the major yeasts isolated from high moisture corn and corn silages in the United States using genetic and biochemical methods. J Dairy Sci 2017; 100:1151-1160. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2016-11450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Ethica SN, Semiarti E, Widada J, Oedjijono O, Joko Raharjo T. Characterization of moaC
and a nontarget gene fragments of food-borne pathogen Alcaligenes
sp. JG3 using degenerate colony and arbitrary PCRs. J Food Saf 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/jfs.12345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jaka Widada
- Agriculture Faculty; Universitas Gadjah Mada
| | | | - Tri Joko Raharjo
- Chemistry Department; Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Gadjah Mada
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High Virulence and Antifungal Resistance in Clinical Strains of Candida albicans. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES & MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY 2016; 2016:5930489. [PMID: 28058052 PMCID: PMC5183749 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5930489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Antifungal resistance and virulence properties of Candida albicans are a growing health problem worldwide. To study the expression of virulence and azole resistance genes in 39 clinical strains of C. albicans, we used a model of infection of human vaginal epithelial cells with C. albicans strains isolated from Mexican women with vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC). The strains were identified by PCR amplification of the ITS1 and ITS2 regions of rRNA. The detection and expression of virulence genes and azole resistance genes MDR1 and CDR1 were performed using PCR and RT-PCR, respectively. All strains were sensitive to nystatin and 38 (97.4%) and 37 (94.9%) were resistant to ketoconazole and fluconazole, respectively. ALS1, SAP4–SAP6, LIP1, LIP2, LIP4, LIP6, LIP7, LIP9, LIP10, and PLB1-PLB2 were present in all strains; SAP1 was identified in 37 (94.8%) isolates, HWP1 in 35 (89.7%), ALS3 in 14 (35.8%), and CDR1 in 26 (66.6%). In nearly all of the strains, ALS1, HWP1, SAP4–SAP6, LIP1–LIP10, PLB1, and PLB2 were expressed, whereas CDR1 was expressed in 20 (51.3%) and ALS3 in 14 (35.8%). In our in vitro model of infection with C. albicans, the clinical strains showed different expression profiles of virulence genes in association with the azole resistance gene CDR1. The results indicate that the strains that infect Mexican patients suffering from VVC are highly virulent and virtually all are insensitive to azoles.
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Małek M, Paluchowska P, Bogusz B, Budak A. Molecular characterization of Candida isolates from intensive care unit patients, Krakow, Poland. Rev Iberoam Micol 2016; 34:10-16. [PMID: 27864011 DOI: 10.1016/j.riam.2016.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Revised: 01/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Over the last decades, Candida species have emerged as important pathogens in immunocompromised patients. Nosocomial infections are mainly of endogenous origin. Nevertheless, some cases of exogenous candidiasis have also been reported. AIMS The aim of this study was to evaluate the genetic relatedness between Candida albicans, Candida glabrata, Candida tropicalis, Candida krusei and Candida kefyr isolates recovered from intensive care unit (ICU) patients. METHODS A total of 132 Candida clinical isolates (62 C. albicans, 40 C. glabrata, 13 C. tropicalis, 11 C. krusei, 6 C. kefyr), obtained from specimens of endotracheal aspirate, urine and blood taken from patients of a tertiary hospital in Poland, were included in the study. Species identification was performed by PCR method and genetic relatedness was assessed by randomly amplified polymorphic DNA assay (RAPD) with five primers. RESULTS The RAPD analysis revealed high genetic diversity among the studied Candida isolates, indicating that most of the strains were from endogenous sources. Only two clonal strains of C. glabrata isolated from different patients were observed, suggesting a possible cross-transmission of these pathogens. CONCLUSIONS Our study confirmed the high discriminatory power of the RAPD assay. This genotyping method can be applied to local epidemiological studies of Candida species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Małek
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Paulina Paluchowska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Bożena Bogusz
- Microbiological Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Ludwik Rydygier Memorial Hospital in Krakow, Poland
| | - Alicja Budak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
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Manzo-Valencia MK, Valdés-Santiago L, Sánchez-Segura L, Guzmán-de-Peña DL. Naphthalene Acetic Acid Potassium Salt (NAA-K +) Affects Conidial Germination, Sporulation, Mycelial Growth, Cell Surface Morphology, and Viability of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radici-lycopersici and F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense in Vitro. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:8315-8323. [PMID: 27754669 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b03105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The response to exogenous addition of naphthalene acetic acid potassium salt (NAA-K+) to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp radici-lycopersici ATCC 60095 and F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense isolated from Michoacan Mexico soil is reported. The in vitro study showed that NAA-K+ might be effective in the control of Fusarium oxysporum. Exogenous application of NAA-K+ affected both spores and mycelium stages of the fungi. Viability testing using acridine orange and propidium iodide showed that NAA-K+ possesses fungal killing properties, doing it effectively in the destruction of conidia of this phytopathogenic fungi. Analysis of treated spores by scanning electron microscopy showed changes in the shape factor and fractal dimension. Moreover, NAA-K+ repressed the expression of brlA and fluG genes. The results disclosed here give evidence of the use of this synthetic growth factor as a substance of biocontrol that presents advantages, and the methods of application in situ should be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Karina Manzo-Valencia
- Departamento de Biotecnología y Bioquímica and ‡Departamento de Ingeniería Genética, Unidad Irapuato Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados-IPN , Km 9.6 Libramiento Norte Irapuato-León, 36821, Irapuato Guanajuato, México
| | - Laura Valdés-Santiago
- Departamento de Biotecnología y Bioquímica and ‡Departamento de Ingeniería Genética, Unidad Irapuato Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados-IPN , Km 9.6 Libramiento Norte Irapuato-León, 36821, Irapuato Guanajuato, México
| | - Lino Sánchez-Segura
- Departamento de Biotecnología y Bioquímica and ‡Departamento de Ingeniería Genética, Unidad Irapuato Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados-IPN , Km 9.6 Libramiento Norte Irapuato-León, 36821, Irapuato Guanajuato, México
| | - Dora Linda Guzmán-de-Peña
- Departamento de Biotecnología y Bioquímica and ‡Departamento de Ingeniería Genética, Unidad Irapuato Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados-IPN , Km 9.6 Libramiento Norte Irapuato-León, 36821, Irapuato Guanajuato, México
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ANDREOLA P, DEMATHÉ A, GALAFASSI D, ELSEMANN EB, ELSEMANN RB, GAZZONI AF. Estudo comparativo entre a produção de fosfolipases extracelulares e proteinases do gênero Candida isoladas a partir de infecções de cavidade oral. REVISTA DE ODONTOLOGIA DA UNESP 2016. [DOI: 10.1590/1807-2577.26115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Resumo Introdução A habilidade da Candida spp. em produzir enzimas proteolíticas, tais como fosfolipase e proteinases, tem um papel importante na patogenicidade destas leveduras. Objetivo Determinar as espécies causadoras das infecções orais por Candida spp., além de investigar a atividade in vitro das fosfolipases e proteinases em isolados clínicos do gênero Candida, provenientes de pacientes com candidíase oral. Material e método Isolados de Candida spp., pertencentes à Coleção de Cultivos Fúngicos do Laboratório de Microbiologia e Patologia Oral do Departamento de Odontologia da Faculdade da Serra Gaúcha, foram analisados. Produção de fosfolipases foi analisada utilizando-se Ágar gema de ovo. Liberação de proteinases foi medida utilizando-se extrato de levedura adicionado à albumina bovina. Resultado Um total de 35 isolados clínicos do gênero Candida foi testado. C. albicans foi a espécie predominante (77%). Os demais isolados identificados foram: C. parapsilosis (20%) e C. tropicalis (2%). Ao comparar a atividade de fosfolipase do grupo C. albicans com o grupo Candida não-albicans, foi encontrada diferença significativa (P=0,04). Não foi encontrada diferença significativa entre a C. albicans e a C. não-albicans, para a produção de proteinase. A liberação de proteinase foi significativamente maior quando comparada à produção de fosfolipase para o gênero Candida (P=0,04). Diferença estatisticamente significativa foi encontrada quando a atividade de fosfolipase e proteinase da C. albicans foi comparada à atividade das espécies de C. não-albicans (P=0,02). Conclusão Diferentes quantificações de fosfolipase extracelular e atividade de proteinase têm sido atribuídas aos isolados clínicos de C. albicans quando comparados a outras espécies de Candida.
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Grenfell RC, da Silva Junior AR, Del Negro GMB, Munhoz RB, Gimenes VMF, Assis DM, Rockstroh AC, Motta AL, Rossi F, Juliano L, Benard G, de Almeida Júnior JN. Identification of Candida haemulonii Complex Species: Use of ClinProTools(TM) to Overcome Limitations of the Bruker Biotyper(TM), VITEK MS(TM) IVD, and VITEK MS(TM) RUO Databases. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:940. [PMID: 27379069 PMCID: PMC4909767 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida haemulonii is now considered a complex of two species and one variety: C. haemulonii sensu stricto, Candida duobushaemulonii and the variety C. haemulonii var. vulnera. Identification (ID) of these species is relevant for epidemiological purposes and for therapeutic management, but the different phenotypic commercial systems are unable to provide correct species ID for these emergent pathogens. Hence, we evaluated the MALDI-TOF MS performance for the ID of C. haemulonii species, analyzing isolates/strains of C. haemulonii complex species, Candida pseudohaemulonii and Candida auris by two commercial platforms, their databases and softwares. To differentiate C. haemulonii sensu sctricto from the variety vulnera, we used the ClinProToolsTM models and a single-peak analysis with the software FlexAnalysisTM. The BiotyperTM database gave 100% correct species ID for C. haemulonii sensu stricto, C. pseudohaemulonii and C. auris, with 69% of correct species ID for C. duobushaemulonii. Vitek MSTM IVD database gave 100% correct species ID for C. haemulonii sensu stricto, misidentifying all C. duobushaemulonii and C. pseudohaemulonii as C. haemulonii, being unable to identify C. auris. The Vitek MSTM RUO database needed to be upgraded with in-house SuperSpectra to discriminate C. haemulonii sensu stricto, C. duobushaemulonii, C. pseudohaemulonii, and C. auris strains/isolates. The generic algorithm model from ClinProToolsTM software showed recognition capability of 100% and cross validation of 98.02% for the discrimination of C. haemulonii sensu stricto from the variety vulnera. Single-peak analysis showed that the peaks 5670, 6878, or 13750 m/z can distinguish C. haemulonii sensu stricto from the variety vulnera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafaella C Grenfell
- Department of Biophysics, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Afonso R da Silva Junior
- Central Laboratory Division - LIM-03, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gilda M B Del Negro
- Laboratory of Medical Mycology - LIM-53, Hospital das Clínicas FMUSP and Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, Universidade de São Paulo São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Regina B Munhoz
- Central Laboratory Division - LIM-03, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Viviane M F Gimenes
- Laboratory of Medical Mycology - LIM-53, Hospital das Clínicas FMUSP and Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, Universidade de São Paulo São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Adriana L Motta
- Central Laboratory Division - LIM-03, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Flavia Rossi
- Central Laboratory Division - LIM-03, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiz Juliano
- Department of Biophysics, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gil Benard
- Laboratory of Medical Mycology - LIM-53, Hospital das Clínicas FMUSP and Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, Universidade de São Paulo São Paulo, Brazil
| | - João N de Almeida Júnior
- Central Laboratory Division - LIM-03, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São PauloSão Paulo, Brazil; Laboratory of Medical Mycology - LIM-53, Hospital das Clínicas FMUSP and Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, Universidade de São PauloSão Paulo, Brazil
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Empirical and targeted therapy of candidemia with fluconazole versus echinocandins: a propensity score-derived analysis of a population-based, multicentre prospective cohort. Clin Microbiol Infect 2016; 22:733.e1-8. [PMID: 27189197 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2016.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Revised: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
We compared the clinical efficacy of fluconazole and echinocandins in the treatment of candidemia in real practice. The CANDIPOP study is a prospective, population-based cohort study on candidemia carried out between May 2010 and April 2011 in 29 Spanish hospitals. Using strict inclusion criteria, we separately compared the impact of empirical and targeted therapy with fluconazole or echinocandins on 30-day mortality. Cox regression, including a propensity score (PS) for receiving echinocandins, stratified analysis on the PS quartiles and PS-based matched analyses, were performed. The empirical and targeted therapy cohorts comprised 316 and 421 cases, respectively; 30-day mortality was 18.7% with fluconazole and 33.9% with echinocandins (p 0.02) in the empirical therapy group and 19.8% with fluconazole and 27.7% with echinocandins (p 0.06) in the targeted therapy group. Multivariate Cox regression analysis including PS showed that empirical therapy with fluconazole was associated with better prognosis (adjusted hazard ratio 0.38; 95% confidence interval 0.17-0.81; p 0.01); no differences were found within each PS quartile or in cases matched according to PS. Targeted therapy with fluconazole did not show a significant association with mortality in the Cox regression analysis (adjusted hazard ratio 0.77; 95% confidence interval 0.41-1.46; p 0.63), in the PS quartiles or in PS-matched cases. The results were similar among patients with severe sepsis and septic shock. Empirical or targeted treatment with fluconazole was not associated with increased 30-day mortality compared to echinocandins among adults with candidemia.
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