1
|
Poudel S, Pokhrel D, Zhang X, Sukumaran AT, Adhikari P, Kiess AS, Macklin KS, Zhang L. Campylobacter jejuni from no antibiotics ever (NAE) broilers: prevalence, antibiotic resistance, and virulence genes analysis. Poult Sci 2024; 103:104380. [PMID: 39418794 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.104380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2024] [Revised: 09/27/2024] [Accepted: 09/30/2024] [Indexed: 10/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni (C. jejuni) is a leading foodborne illness causing bacteria, and poultry is a major reservoir of this pathogen. With the recent increase in broiler production under the "no antibiotics ever" (NAE) system, this study aimed to assess the prevalence, antibiotic resistance, and virulence characteristics of C. jejuni isolated from NAE raised broilers. A total of 270 cloacal swabs were collected from the live-hang areas of 3 commercial processing plants over 9 wk. Each processing plant was visited 3 times at a 1-wk interval, and 30 samples were collected per visit. Among the total 270 cloacal swab samples, C. jejuni was isolated from 44 (16.3%) samples . Of these isolates, 65.9% possessed toxin-producing genes cdtA, cdtB, and cdtC, and invasion gene ciaB. The prevalence of antibioitc resistance genes aph (3')-IIIa, erm(B) were 59.1%, and 50%, respectively. Nine (20.45%) C. jejuni isolates were identified as multidrug resistant (MDR), and 18 (40.9%) isolates showed resistance to at least 1 tested antibiotic. The highest resistance was observed against tetracycline (29.5%), followed by nalidixic acid (25%), whereas 22.7% of isolates were resistant to 2 clinically important antibiotics, azithromycin and ciprofloxacin. These results suggest that there ishigh prevalence level of multi-drug resistant C. jejuni with toxin producing virulence genes in the NAE-raised broilers sampled in this study, indicating the potential for serious human illnesses if transmitted through the food chain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sabin Poudel
- Department of Poultry Science, Mississippi State University, MS, 39762, USA; Department of Poultry Science, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Diksha Pokhrel
- Department of Poultry Science, Mississippi State University, MS, 39762, USA
| | - Xue Zhang
- Department of Food Science, Nutrition, and Health Promotion, Mississippi State University, MS, 39762, USA
| | | | - Pratima Adhikari
- Department of Poultry Science, Mississippi State University, MS, 39762, USA
| | - Aaron S Kiess
- Prestage Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Kenneth S Macklin
- Department of Poultry Science, Mississippi State University, MS, 39762, USA
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Poultry Science, Mississippi State University, MS, 39762, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chibwe M, Odume ON, Nnadozie CF. Spatiotemporal variations in the occurrence of Campylobacter species in the Bloukrans and Swartkops rivers, Eastern Cape, South Africa. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28774. [PMID: 38601622 PMCID: PMC11004744 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
An increase in the incidence of Campylobacter species in rivers raises concerns on the safety of river water for humans who get exposed to river water. This study examines the spatiotemporal dynamics of Campylobacter species in the Bloukrans and Swartkops rivers, analysing patterns of its occurrence in relation to meteorological conditions, physicochemical parameters, seasons, and sampling sites. Physico-chemical parameters and meteorological conditions were measured during water sampling from various sites along the rivers over a year, while Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was utilised to detect Campylobacter genus-specific genes and selected antibiotic-resistant genes. Campylobacter was detected in 66.67% (Bloukrans River) and 58.33% (Swartkops River). In the Bloukrans River, multi-drug resistance genes cmeA (20%), cmeB (65%), cmeC (10%), were detected while and tetO was detected at 70%. In the Swartkops River, the corresponding prevalence were 28%, 66.67%, 28.56%, and 76%. The study indicates that sampling season did not significantly impact Campylobacter prevalence. However, variation in Campylobacter occurrence exists among different sites along the rivers, reflecting the influence of site proximity to potential contamination sources. The study suggests that Campylobacter infection may be endemic in South Africa, with rivers serving as potential sources of exposure to humans, thereby contributing to the epidemiology of campylobacteriosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mary Chibwe
- Institute for Water Research (IWR), Rhodes University, Old Geology Building (off Artillery Road), P.O Box 94 Grahamstown 6140, South Africa
| | - Oghenekaro Nelson Odume
- Institute for Water Research (IWR), Rhodes University, Old Geology Building (off Artillery Road), P.O Box 94 Grahamstown 6140, South Africa
| | - Chika Felicitas Nnadozie
- Institute for Water Research (IWR), Rhodes University, Old Geology Building (off Artillery Road), P.O Box 94 Grahamstown 6140, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hong S, Moon JS, Yoon SS, Kim HY, Lee YJ. Levels of Indicator Bacteria and Characteristics of Foodborne Pathogens from Carcasses of Cattle Slaughterhouses in Korea. J Food Prot 2024; 87:100220. [PMID: 38215980 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfp.2024.100220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
The initial microbial contamination of carcasses during slaughtering adversely affects spoilage and shelf life and is of global concern for food safety and meat quality. This study evaluated the hygiene and quality using the prevalence of foodborne pathogens and the level of indicator bacteria on 200 carcasses, collecting 10 from each of 20 cattle slaughterhouses in Korea. The distribution of aerobic bacterial count in carcasses was significantly highest at 2.0-3.0 log10 CFU/cm2 (34.1%), whereas the Escherichia coli count was significantly highest at under 1.0 log10 CFU/cm2 (94.0%) (P < 0.05). Clostridium perfringens was most prevalent (60.0% of slaughterhouses; 17.5% of carcasses), followed by Yersinia enterocolitica (30.0% of slaughterhouses; 6.5% of carcasses), Staphylococcus aureus (15.0% of slaughterhouses; 4.0% of carcasses), Listeria monocytogenes 1/2a (5.0% of slaughterhouses; 1.0% of carcasses), Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Infantis (5.0% of slaughterhouses; 1.0% of carcasses), and Shiga toxin-producing E. coli O:66 (5.0% of slaughterhouses; 0.5% of carcasses). Although 28 C. perfringens isolates from 11 slaughterhouses were divided into 21 pulsotypes, all isolates showed the same toxinotype as type A and only carried the cpa. Interestingly, 83.3% of isolates from two slaughterhouses located in the same province showed resistance to tetracycline. Furthermore, 13 Y. enterocolitica isolates from six slaughterhouses were divided into seven pulsotypes that were divided into biotypes 1A and 2 and serotypes O:5 and O:8, except for isolates that could not be typed. Twelve (92.3%) isolates only carried ystB, but one (7.7%) isolate carried ail and ystA. Moreover, 46.2% of Y. enterocolitica isolates showed multidrug resistance against ampicillin, cefoxitin, and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid. This study supports the need for continuous monitoring of slaughterhouses and hygiene management to improve the microbiological safety of carcasses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Serim Hong
- College of Veterinary Medicine & Institute for Veterinary Biomedical Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-San Moon
- Bacterial Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon-Seek Yoon
- Bacterial Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha-Young Kim
- Bacterial Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Young Ju Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine & Institute for Veterinary Biomedical Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Schiaffino F, Parker CT, Garcia Bardales PF, Huynh S, Manzanares Villanueva K, Mourkas E, Pascoe B, Peñataro Yori P, Paredes Olortegui M, Houpt ER, Liu J, Cooper KK, Kosek MN. Novel rpsK / rpsD primer-probe assay improves detection of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli in human stool. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2024; 18:e0012018. [PMID: 38427700 PMCID: PMC10936861 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0012018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter causes bacterial enteritis, dysentery, and growth faltering in children in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Campylobacter spp. are fastidious organisms, and their detection often relies on culture independent diagnostic technologies, especially in LMICs. Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli are most often the infectious agents and in high income settings together account for 95% of Campylobacter infections. Several other Campylobacter species have been detected in LMIC children at an increased prevalence relative to high income settings. After doing extensive whole genome sequencing of isolates of C. jejuni and C. coli in Peru, we observed heterogeneity in the binding sites for the main species-specific PCR assay (cadF) and designed an alternative rpsKD-based qPCR assay to detect both C. jejuni and C. coli. The rpsKD-based qPCR assay identified 23% more C.jejuni/ C.coli samples than the cadF assay among 47 Campylobacter genus positive cadF negative samples verified to have C. jejuni and or C. coli with shotgun metagenomics. This assay can be expected to be useful in diagnostic studies of enteric infectious diseases and be useful in revising the attribution estimates of Campylobacter in LMICs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Schiaffino
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, San Martin de Porres, Lima, Peru
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Craig T. Parker
- Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Produce Safety and Microbiology Research Unit, Albany, California, United States of America
| | | | - Steven Huynh
- Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Produce Safety and Microbiology Research Unit, Albany, California, United States of America
| | | | - Evangelos Mourkas
- Ineos Oxford Institute for Antimicrobial Research, Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ben Pascoe
- Ineos Oxford Institute for Antimicrobial Research, Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Centre for Genomic Pathogen Surveillance, Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Pablo Peñataro Yori
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
- Asociacion Benefica Prisma, Iquitos, Peru
| | | | - Eric R. Houpt
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Jie Liu
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Kerry K. Cooper
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
- The BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Margaret N. Kosek
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
- Asociacion Benefica Prisma, Iquitos, Peru
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hong S, Kang HJ, Lee HY, Jung HR, Moon JS, Yoon SS, Kim HY, Lee YJ. Prevalence and characteristics of foodborne pathogens from slaughtered pig carcasses in Korea. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1158196. [PMID: 37065220 PMCID: PMC10103459 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1158196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The introduction of bacteria into slaughterhouses can lead to microbial contamination in carcasses during slaughter, and the initial level of bacteria in carcasses is important because it directly affects spoilage and the shelf life. This study was conducted to investigate the microbiological quality, and the prevalence of foodborne pathogens in 200 carcasses from 20 pig slaughterhouses across Korea. Distribution of microbial counts were significantly higher for aerobic bacteria at 3.01–4.00 log10 CFU/cm2 (42.0%) and 2.01–3.00 log10 CFU/cm2 (28.5%), whereas most of Escherichia coli showed the counts under 1.00 log10 CFU/cm2 (87.0%) (P < 0.05). The most common pathogen isolated from 200 carcasses was Staphylococcus aureus (11.5%), followed by Yersinia enterocolitica (7.0%). In total, 17 S. aureus isolates from four slaughterhouses were divided into six pulsotypes and seven spa types, and showed the same or different types depending on the slaughterhouses. Interestingly, isolates from two slaughterhouses carried only LukED associated with the promotion of bacterial virulence, whereas, isolates from two other slaughterhouses carried one or more toxin genes associated with enterotoxins including sen. In total, 14 Y. enterocolitica isolates from six slaughterhouses were divided into nine pulsotypes, 13 isolates belonging to biotype 1A or 2 carried only ystB, whereas one isolate belonging to bio-serotype 4/O:3 carried both ail and ystA. This is the first study to investigate microbial quality and the prevalence of foodborne pathogens in carcasses from slaughterhouses nationally, and the findings support the need for ongoing slaughterhouse monitoring to improve the microbiological safety of pig carcasses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Serim Hong
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Zoonoses Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jeong Kang
- Bacterial Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Young Lee
- Bacterial Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Ri Jung
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Zoonoses Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-San Moon
- Bacterial Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon-Seek Yoon
- Bacterial Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha-Young Kim
- Bacterial Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Republic of Korea
- *Correspondence: Ha-Young Kim
| | - Young Ju Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Zoonoses Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Young Ju Lee
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Murawska M, Sypecka M, Bartosik J, Kwiecień E, Rzewuska M, Sałamaszyńska-Guz A. Should We Consider Them as a Threat? Antimicrobial Resistance, Virulence Potential and Genetic Diversity of Campylobacter spp. Isolated from Varsovian Dogs. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11070964. [PMID: 35884218 PMCID: PMC9311969 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11070964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacteriosis seems to be a growing problem worldwide. Apart from the most common sources of numerous Campylobacter species, such as poultry and other farm animals, dogs may be an underrated reservoir of this pathogen. Our goal was to establish the frequency of occurrence, antimicrobial resistance, and detection of chosen virulence factor genes in genomes of canine Campylobacter isolates. Campylobacter isolates frequency in dogs from shelters, and private origin was 13%. All of the tested virulence factor genes were found in 28 of 31 isolates. We determined high resistance levels to the ciprofloxacin and ampicillin and moderate tetracycline resistance. For C. jejuni shelter isolates, genetic diversity was also determined using PFGE. Our results indicate that dogs may be the reservoir of potentially diverse, potentially virulent, and antimicrobial-resistant Campylobacter strains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Murawska
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Ciszewskiego 8, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland; (E.K.); (M.R.)
- Correspondence: (M.M.); (A.S.-G.)
| | - Monika Sypecka
- Translational Platform for Regenerative Medicine, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Justyna Bartosik
- Division of Parasitology and Invasive Diseases, Department of Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Ciszewskiego 8, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Ewelina Kwiecień
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Ciszewskiego 8, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland; (E.K.); (M.R.)
| | - Magdalena Rzewuska
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Ciszewskiego 8, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland; (E.K.); (M.R.)
| | - Agnieszka Sałamaszyńska-Guz
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Ciszewskiego 8, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland; (E.K.); (M.R.)
- Correspondence: (M.M.); (A.S.-G.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ledwoń A, Murawska M, Dolka I, Chmiel DC, Szleszczuk P. Case of necrotic enteritis associated with campylobacteriosis and coccidiosis in an adult Indian peacock (Pavo cristatus). BMC Vet Res 2022; 18:160. [PMID: 35501900 PMCID: PMC9063363 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-022-03260-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To date, Campylobacter jejuni has not been found to be pathogenic to peafowl. The available publications show that out of a total of 44 samples tested from peafowl, this bacterium was isolated only in two cases. Eimeria pavonina infestations in the peafowl have been described, but no fatal cases have been reported yet. Case presentation The four-year-old peacock was presented with chronic diarrhea, emaciation and weakness. Post mortem examination revealed enlarged and pale kidneys, small intestinal mucosal necrosis and thickening of intestinal wall, and pericardial effusion. The histopathological examination revealed necrotic enteritis with marked mononuclear cells infiltration associated with the presence of coccidia, additionally there was histological evidence of septicemia in liver and kidneys. Bacteria identification was based on light microscopy of the small intestine sample, culture, and biochemical tests. Further identification was based on PCR. Antimicrobial susceptibility profile was created by determination of minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values for 6 antimicrobial agents from 5 different classes. PCR assays were performed to detect virulence factors genes responsible for motility, cytolethal distending toxin production, adhesion and internalization. Bacteriology of the small intestine sample showed abundant growth almost exclusively of Campylobacter jejuni, resistant to ciprofloxacin, gentamycin and ampicillin. Bacteria was sensitive to Amoxicillin + clavulanic acid, tetracycline, and erythromycin. All tested virulence factors genes have been detected. The parasitological examination was performed by microscopic examination of fresh faeces and intestinal content, and revealed the moderate number of Eimeria pavonina, Histomonas meleagridis, single Capillaria spp. eggs as well Heterakis spp. like parasites. Conclusion The above case shows that a virulent isolate of Campylobacter jejuni in combination with a parasitic invasion may cause chronic enteritis in peafowl, which most likely led to extreme exhaustion of the host organism and death. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12917-022-03260-1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Ledwoń
- Department of Pathology and Veterinary Diagnostics of the Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159c, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Małgorzata Murawska
- Department of Preclinical Sciences, of the Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159c, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Izabella Dolka
- Department of Pathology and Veterinary Diagnostics of the Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159c, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dorota Chrobak Chmiel
- Department of Preclinical Sciences, of the Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159c, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Szleszczuk
- Department of Pathology and Veterinary Diagnostics of the Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159c, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
A Cutoff Determination of Real-Time Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP) for End-Point Detection of Campylobacter jejuni in Chicken Meat. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9030122. [PMID: 35324850 PMCID: PMC8953776 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9030122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni is one of the leading causes of foodborne illness worldwide. C. jejuni is commonly found in poultry. It is the most frequent cause of contamination and thus resulting in not only public health concerns but also economic impacts. To test for this bacterial contamination in food processing plants, this study attempted to employ a simple and rapid detection assay called loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP). The best cutoff value for the positive determination of C. jejuni calculated using real-time LAMP quantification cycle (Cq) was derived from the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve modeling. The model showed an area under curve (AUC) of 0.936 (95% Wald CI: 0.903–0.970). Based on Youden’s J statistic, the optimal cutoff value which had the highest sensitivity and specificity from the model was calculated as 18.07. The LAMP assay had 96.9% sensitivity, 95.8% specificity, and 93.9 and 97.9% positive and negative predictive values, respectively, compared to a standard culture approach for C. jejuni identification. Among all non-C. jejuni strains, the LAMP assay gave each of 12.5% false-positive results to C. coli and E. coli (1 out of 8 samples). The assay can detect C. jejuni at the lowest concentration of 103 CFU/mL. Our results suggest a preliminary indicator for the application of end-point LAMP assays, such as turbidity and UV fluorescence tests, to detect C. jejuni in field operations. The LAMP assay is an alternative screening test for C. jejuni contamination in food samples. The method provides a rapid detection, which requires only 9 min with a cutoff value of Cq. We performed the extraction of DNA from pure cultures and the detection of C. jejuni using the LAMP assay within 3 h. However, we were not able to reduce the time for the process of enrichment involved in our study. Therefore, we suggest that alternative enrichment media and rapid DNA extraction methods should be considered for further study. Compared to other traditional methods, our proposed assay requires less equipment and time, which is applicable at any processing steps in the food production chain.
Collapse
|
9
|
Yeh HY, Cox NA, Hinton A, Berrang ME, Plumblee Lawrence JR, Thompson TM. Prevalence and Characterization of Quinolone Resistance in Campylobacter spp. Isolates in Chicken Livers from Retail Stores in Georgia, USA. J Food Prot 2022; 85:406-413. [PMID: 34818407 DOI: 10.4315/jfp-21-357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Campylobacter is a bacterial pathogen that causes human foodborne illnesses worldwide, and outbreaks have been associated with consumption of undercooked chicken livers. The objectives of this study were to compare two PCR assays of 250 Campylobacter isolates for identification to species, to assess antibiotic resistance of the isolates, and to analyze genetic diversity of the quinolone resistance determining regions (QRDRs) of the isolates. A double-blind design was used to identify the species of Campylobacter; 181 (72%) of the isolates were identified as Campylobacter jejuni, and 69 (28%) isolates were identified as Campylobacter coli by both PCR assays. A total of 93 (37.2%) isolates were resistant to at least one antibiotic. Among 88 C. jejuni isolates, 33 (18%) were resistant to nalidixic acid (NAL) and ciprofloxacin (CIP), 25 (14%) were resistant to tetracycline (TET), and 18 (10%) were resistant to NAL and TET. Two C. jejuni isolates were resistant to four of the tested antibiotics, and one isolate was resistant to five antibiotics. Two C. coli isolates were resistant to TET, and two were resistant to NAL, CIP, and TET. The amino acid sequences of the QRDRs for the isolates had eight point mutations and could be classified into 12 groups. Thirty-eight C. jejuni isolates resistant to NAL and CIP had a point mutation at residue 86 (substitution from threonine to isoleucine). However, six isolates without this substitution were resistant to NAL and/or CIP. Ten isolates with a point mutation at residue 86 were susceptible to NAL and CIP. This observation suggests that in addition to the substitution at residue 86 other mechanisms may confer resistance to quinolones. Further studies are needed to elucidate mechanisms for quinolone resistance in Campylobacter. The Campylobacter spp. isolated from chicken livers in this study were resistant to quinolones and other classes of antibiotics. HIGHLIGHTS
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Yueh Yeh
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. National Poultry Research Center, 950 College Station Road, Athens, Georgia 30605-2720, USA
| | - Nelson A Cox
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. National Poultry Research Center, 950 College Station Road, Athens, Georgia 30605-2720, USA
| | - Arthur Hinton
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. National Poultry Research Center, 950 College Station Road, Athens, Georgia 30605-2720, USA
| | - Mark E Berrang
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. National Poultry Research Center, 950 College Station Road, Athens, Georgia 30605-2720, USA
| | - Jodie R Plumblee Lawrence
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. National Poultry Research Center, 950 College Station Road, Athens, Georgia 30605-2720, USA
| | - Tori M Thompson
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. National Poultry Research Center, 950 College Station Road, Athens, Georgia 30605-2720, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Yeh HY, Awad A, Rothrock MJ. Detection of Campylobacter jejuni diversity by clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) from an animal farm. Vet Med Sci 2021; 7:2381-2388. [PMID: 34510794 PMCID: PMC8604122 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Campylobacter jejuni is the leading bacterial pathogen that causes foodborne illness worldwide. Because of genetic diversity and sophisticated growth requirements of C. jejuni, several genotyping methods have been investigated to classify this bacterium during the outbreaks. One of such method is to use clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR). Objectives The goal of this study was to explore the diversity of C. jejuni isolates with CRISPR from an animal farm. Methods Seventy‐seven C. jejuni isolates from an animal farm were used in this study. The day‐old broilers were reared with other poultry and farm animals, including layer hens, guinea hens, dairy goats and sheep. A small swine herd was also present on an adjacent, but separate plot of land. Isolation and identification of C. jejuni were performed according to the standard procedures. The CRISPR type 1 was PCR amplified from genomic DNA, and the amplicons were sequenced by the Sanger dideoxy method. The direct repeats (DRs) and spacers of the CRISPR sequences were identified using the CRISPRFinder. Results The CRISPR sequences were detected in all 77 isolates. One type of DRs was identified in these 77 isolates. The lengths of the CRISPR locus ranged from 100 to 560 nucleotides, whereas the number of spacers ranged from one to eight. The distributions of the numbers of CRISPR spacers from different sources seemed to be random. Overall, 17 out of 77 (22%) C. jejuni isolates had two and five spacers, whereas 14 out of 77 (18%) isolates had three spaces in their genomes. By further analysis of spacer sequences, a total of 266 spacer sequences were identified in 77 C. jejuni isolates. By comparison with known published spacer sequences, we observed that 49 sequences were unique in this study. The CRISPR sequence combination of Nos. 16, 19, 48 and 57 was found among a total of 15 C. jejuni isolates containing various multi‐locus sequence typing (MLST) types (ST‐50, ST‐607, ST‐2231 and ST‐5602). No. 57 spacer sequence was unique from this study, whereas the other three (Nos. 16, 19 and 48) sequences were found in previous reports. Combination of Nos. 5, 9, 15, 30 and 45 was associated with ST‐353. To compare the CRISPR genotyping with other methods, the MLST was selected due to its high discriminatory power to differentiate isolates. Based on calculation of the Simpson's index of diversity, a combination of both methods had higher Simpson's index value than those for CRISPR or MLST, respectively. Conclusions Our results suggest that the MLST from C. jejuni isolates can be discriminated based on the CRISPR unique spacer sequences and the numbers of spacers. In the future, investigation on the CRISPR resolution for C. jejuni identification in outbreaks is needed. A database that integrates both MLST sequences and CRISPR sequences and is searchable is greatly in demand for tracking outbreaks and evolution of this bacterium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Yueh Yeh
- Poultry Microbiological Safety and Processing Research Unit, U.S. National Poultry Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Amal Awad
- Poultry Microbiological Safety and Processing Research Unit, U.S. National Poultry Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Athens, Georgia, USA.,Bacteriology, Mycology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Michael J Rothrock
- Egg Safety and Quality Research Unit, U.S. National Poultry Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Athens, Georgia, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Yeh HY, Awad A. Genotyping of Campylobacter jejuni Isolates from Poultry by Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR). Curr Microbiol 2020; 77:1647-1652. [PMID: 32279188 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-020-01965-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni is the leading bacterial foodborne pathogen that causes human acute gastrointestinal illness worldwide. Due to its genetic diversity, fastidious growth and sophisticated biochemical requirements, classification of Campylobacter by traditional techniques is problematic. Several molecular typing methods have been explored in this bacterium. One such method is to use clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR). These CRISPRs consist of a direct repeat interspaced with nonrepetitive spacer sequences. In this study, we applied this genotyping method to explore the genetic diversity of C. jejuni isolated from poultry sources. Ninety-nine C. jejuni isolates from poultry environments in four different US states were used. Genomic DNA of the isolates were extracted from cultures using a commercial kit. PCR primers and conditions for CRISPR type 1 amplification were described previously. The amplicons were purified and sequenced by the Sanger dideoxy sequencing method. The direct repeats (DR) and spacers of the CRISPR sequences were identified using the CRISPRFinder. The results show there were 21% isolates no detectable, 30% isolates questionable, and 49% isolates confirmed CRISPR, respectively. The lengths of CRISPR range from 100 to 695 nucleotides. One type of DR was found in CRISPR of these isolates. The number of spacers in CRISPR ranges from 1 to 10 with various sequences. A total of 55 distinctive spacer sequences were identified in 78 isolates. Among them, 33 sequences were found unique in this study. In addition, the CRISPR genotyping had higher the Simpson's index of diversity value than that from flaA nucleotide typing. The results of our study show the CRISPR genotyping on C. jejuni may be complementary to the other genotyping methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Yueh Yeh
- Poultry Microbiological Safety and Processing Research Unit, U.S. National Poultry Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 950 College Station Road, Athens, GA, 30605-2720, USA.
| | - Amal Awad
- Poultry Microbiological Safety and Processing Research Unit, U.S. National Poultry Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 950 College Station Road, Athens, GA, 30605-2720, USA.,Bacteriology, Mycology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Banowary B, Dang VT, Sarker S, Connolly JH, Chenu J, Groves P, Raidal S, Ghorashi SA. Evaluation of Two Multiplex PCR-High-Resolution Melt Curve Analysis Methods for Differentiation of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli Intraspecies. Avian Dis 2019; 62:86-93. [PMID: 29620472 DOI: 10.1637/11739-080417-reg.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Campylobacter infection is a common cause of bacterial gastroenteritis in humans and remains a significant global public health issue. The capability of two multiplex PCR (mPCR)-high-resolution melt (HRM) curve analysis methods (i.e., mPCR1-HRM and mPCR2-HRM) to detect and differentiate 24 poultry isolates and three reference strains of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli was investigated. Campylobacter jejuni and C. coli were successfully differentiated in both assays, but the differentiation power of mPCR2-HRM targeting the cadF gene was found superior to that of mPCR1-HRM targeting the gpsA gene or a hypothetical protein gene. However, higher intraspecies variation within C. coli and C. jejuni isolates was detected in mPCR1-HRM when compared with mPCR2-HRM. Both assays were rapid and required minimum interpretation skills for discrimination between and within Campylobacter species when using HRM curve analysis software.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Banya Banowary
- A School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia 2678
| | - Van Tuan Dang
- A School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia 2678
| | - Subir Sarker
- A School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia 2678.,C School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia 3086
| | - Joanne H Connolly
- A School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia 2678.,B Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, New South Wales Department of Primary Industries and Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia 2678
| | - Jeremy Chenu
- D Birling Avian Laboratories, Bringelly, New South Wales, Australia 2556
| | - Peter Groves
- E University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia 2006
| | - Shane Raidal
- A School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia 2678.,B Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, New South Wales Department of Primary Industries and Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia 2678
| | - Seyed Ali Ghorashi
- A School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia 2678.,B Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, New South Wales Department of Primary Industries and Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia 2678
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Andrzejewska M, Szczepańska B, Śpica D, Klawe JJ. Prevalence, Virulence, and Antimicrobial Resistance of Campylobacter spp. in Raw Milk, Beef, and Pork Meat in Northern Poland. Foods 2019; 8:E420. [PMID: 31533265 PMCID: PMC6770586 DOI: 10.3390/foods8090420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine whether raw milk, unpasteurized dairy products, pork, and beef available for sale in the Kujawsko-Pomorskie and Wielkopolska regions in Poland are contaminated with Campylobacter spp. bacteria and may be a potential source of infection. For isolated strains, antibiotic susceptibility and the presence of genes responsible for virulence were examined. Material for research included 1058 food samples collected between 2014 and 2018 with 454 samples of raw milk and unpasteurized dairy products (milk from vending machines, milk from owners of dairy cows, cheese, milk cream) and 604 samples of raw meat (pork, beef). The results indicated that 9.3% of the samples were positive for Campylobacter spp., and Campylobacter jejuni was predominant in this study. Campylobacter bacteria was not found in milk collected from vending machines, as well as cheese and milk cream samples. Campylobacter was noted in 12.7% of beef samples, 11.8% of raw milk purchased from individual suppliers, and 10.9% of pork samples. Resistance to erythromycin (2.0%), azithromycin (3.1%), gentamicin (4.1%), tetracycline (65.3%), and ciprofloxacin (71.4%) was determined using the disc diffusion method. Furthermore, the prevalence of racR, sodB, csrA, virB11, cdtB, iam, and wlaN genes were examined using the PCR method. The sodB, csrA, and cdtB genes exhibited the highest detection rate, but none of the genes were identified in 100% of the isolates. Statistically significant differences between the presence of virulence marker genes, including for iam, racR, and csrA markers, were noted among different sources of the isolates. Differences in the distribution of iam, wlaN, and virB11 were also shown between C. jejuni and C. coli strains. As a result of the analysis, it has been concluded that unpasteurized milk, beef, and pork could be a sources of Campylobacter pathogens. Moreover, this study revealed virulent properties of Campylobacter isolated from such food products and high resistance rates to fluoroquinolones, which may represent difficulties in campylobacteriosis treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Andrzejewska
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Ergonomics Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń and Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, 9 Marii Curie Skłodowskiej St., 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland.
| | - Bernadeta Szczepańska
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Ergonomics Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń and Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, 9 Marii Curie Skłodowskiej St., 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland.
| | - Dorota Śpica
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Ergonomics Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń and Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, 9 Marii Curie Skłodowskiej St., 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland.
| | - Jacek J Klawe
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Ergonomics Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń and Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, 9 Marii Curie Skłodowskiej St., 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
|
15
|
Najdenski H, Dimova T, Zaharieva MM, Nikolov B, Petrova-Dinkova G, Dalakchieva S, Popov K, Hristova-Nikolova I, Zehtindjiev P, Peev S, Trifonova-Hristova A, Carniel E, Panferova YA, Tokarevich NK. Migratory birds along the Mediterranean – Black Sea Flyway as carriers of zoonotic pathogens. Can J Microbiol 2018; 64:915-924. [DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2017-0763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
At the crossroad between Europe, Asia, and Africa, Bulgaria is part of the Mediterranean – Black Sea Flyway (MBSF) used by millions of migratory birds. In this study, bird species migrating through Bulgaria were investigated as carriers of zoonotic pathogens. In total, 706 birds belonging to 46 species were checked for the presence of various bacterial pathogens (Campylobacter, Yersinia, Salmonella, Listeria, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Francisella tularensis, Coxiella burnetii, Borrelia burgdorferi, and Brucella spp.). From 673 birds we investigated fecal samples, from the remaining 33, blood samples. We detected Campylobacter 16S rDNA gene in 1.3% of birds, but none were of pathogenic Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli species. Escherichia coli 16S rDNA gene was found in 8.8% of the birds. Out of 34 birds that transported Yersinia enterocolitica strains (5.05%), only 1 carried a pathogenic isolate. Three birds (0.4%) were carriers of nonpathogenic Salmonella strains. Four avian samples (0.6%) were positive for Listeria monocytogenes and 1 (0.15%) was positive for Brucella spp. None of the birds tested carried the tick-borne pathogens C. burnetii or B. burgdorferi sensu lato. Antibiotic-resistant strains were detected, suggesting that migratory birds could be reservoirs and spreaders of bacterial pathogens as well as antibiotic resistance genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hristo Najdenski
- Department of Infectious Microbiology, The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 26 Acad. Georgi Bonchev Str., 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Tanya Dimova
- Department of Immunobiology of Reproduction, Institute of Biology and Immunology of Reproduction, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 73 Tzarigradsko shose, 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Maya M. Zaharieva
- Department of Infectious Microbiology, The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 26 Acad. Georgi Bonchev Str., 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Boris Nikolov
- Department of Animal Diversity and Resources, Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2 Gagarin Street, 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Gergana Petrova-Dinkova
- Department of Animal Diversity and Resources, Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2 Gagarin Street, 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Svetla Dalakchieva
- Department of Animal Diversity and Resources, Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2 Gagarin Street, 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Konstantin Popov
- Department of Animal Diversity and Resources, Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2 Gagarin Street, 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Iva Hristova-Nikolova
- Department of Animal Diversity and Resources, Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2 Gagarin Street, 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Pavel Zehtindjiev
- Department of Animal Diversity and Resources, Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2 Gagarin Street, 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Strahil Peev
- Department of Animal Diversity and Resources, Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2 Gagarin Street, 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Anetka Trifonova-Hristova
- Department of Biology and Pathology, National Research Station of Game Management, 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Elisabeth Carniel
- Yersinia Research Unit and National Reference Laboratory, Institut Pasteur, 28 rue du Docteur Roux, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Yulia A. Panferova
- Laboratory of Zooanthroponotic Infections, St. Petersburg Pasteur Institute, 14 Mira str., 197101, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Nikolay K. Tokarevich
- Laboratory of Zooanthroponotic Infections, St. Petersburg Pasteur Institute, 14 Mira str., 197101, St. Petersburg, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Kabir SML, Chowdhury N, Asakura M, Shiramaru S, Kikuchi K, Hinenoya A, Neogi SB, Yamasaki S. Comparison of Established PCR Assays for Accurate Identification of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli. Jpn J Infect Dis 2018; 72:81-87. [PMID: 30381691 DOI: 10.7883/yoken.jjid.2018.340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Proper surveillance of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli, major pathogens associated with human gastroenteritis, is necessary to tackle the increasing disease burden. To detect these pathogenic species, a variety of PCR assays have been developed. This study examined the sensitivity and specificity of 12 PCR assays targeting 23S rRNA, ceuE, lpxA, hipO, mapA, ask, and cdt genes of C. jejuni and C. coli. The sensitivities of PCR assays were 85.2-100%, and 97-100%, and the specificities were 90.5-100%, and 94.3-100% for the tested C. jejuni (n = 61) and C. coli (n = 33) strains, respectively. Two PCR assays, targeting cdtC and hipO genes, were found to be 100% sensitive and/or specific for all C. jejuni strains, while 3 assays, targeting cdtB, cdtA, and ask genes, were 100% sensitive and/or specific for C. coli strains. However, PCR assays for hipO and ask genes are problematic to conduct simultaneously due to the differences in PCR conditions. Overall, multiplex PCR assays targeting cdtC and cdtB genes, encoding 2 subunits of the same toxin, were concluded to be the most reliable. The results of this study would aid in proper surveillance of C. jejuni and C. coli and adopting intervention strategies in the near future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S M Lutful Kabir
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University.,Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Bangladesh Agricultural University
| | | | - Masahiro Asakura
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University
| | - Sachi Shiramaru
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University
| | - Ken Kikuchi
- Department of Infection Control Science, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University
| | - Atsushi Hinenoya
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University
| | - Sucharit Basu Neogi
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University
| | - Shinji Yamasaki
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
New Identification of Three or More Campylobacter Species on the Basis of a Degenerate PCR-RFLP Method Targeting gyrB Gene. Curr Microbiol 2017; 74:1160-1168. [PMID: 28717848 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-017-1300-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
This method was aimed targeting more Campylobacter species than conventional PCR-based identifications. They generally use species-specific primers focusing on clinically common species like C. jejuni, resulting in failure to recognize other species. We made the PCR-based identification more flexible using degenerate primers and DdeI- and MboI-separately used RFLP assay, which were designed on the basis of gyrB nucleotide sequence data of 14 Campylobacter species including C. jejuni, C. coli, and C. fetus. Ninety-four clinical isolates from patients with Campylobacter gastroenteritis and 13 biochemically identified C. fetus were used for its evaluation. In consequence, this method succeeded in identifying C. jejuni, C. coli, and C. fetus with tentative sensitivity (93.4-98.0%) and specificity (89.0-99.0%). According to our data-based analysis, the primers can possibly target other related species including Helicobacter and Arcobacter. This method may be a universal identification for Campylobacter and related organisms and would provide an alternative identification in clinical microbiology.
Collapse
|
18
|
Szczepanska B, Andrzejewska M, Spica D, Klawe JJ. Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli isolated from children and environmental sources in urban and suburban areas. BMC Microbiol 2017; 17:80. [PMID: 28376713 PMCID: PMC5379741 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-017-0991-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Campylobacteriosis is a dominant bacterial cause of foodborne infection and is considered the main public health problem in Europe and many other countries worldwide. In the study lasting from 2011 to 2013 we compared the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli isolated from children, domestic animals, poultry meat and surface water in Northern Poland. RESULTS During a 3-years study 1973 samples were analysed. The results proved the presence of Campylobacter spp. in 306 (15.5%) samples. The percentage of Campylobacter-positive samples differed among the sample types, from 0% (freshwater beaches) to 38.6% (poultry meat in 2011). Prevalence of Campylobacter spp. in children isolates was 9.6%. It decreased from 13.2% in 2011 to 8.0% in 2013. It should be highlighted with a particular concern that Campylobacter jejuni was detected in 20.0% of fountains. All children and poultry meat isolates were susceptible to azithromycin. Two C. coli (3.7%) and four C. jejuni (3.3%) isolated from poultry meat were resistant to erythromycin. The highest percentage of C. jejuni isolates with resistance to ciprofloxacin were found in samples from 80% dogs and 85% ponds. Among isolates resistant to two antimicrobials 74.7% C. jejuni and 59.2% C. coli isolates were resistant to ciprofloxacin as well as to tetracycline. Only one cat C. coli isolate was resistant to both azithromycin and erythromycin. One C. jejuni isolate from a fountain was resistant to four antimicrobial agents (erythromycin, azithromycin, tetracycline and ciprofloxacin). CONCLUSIONS The study proved that surface water, poultry meat and pets constituted potential sources of Campylobacter to children. Fountains can be a direct source of children campylobacteriosis but can also pollute other environments with multidrug-resistant Campylobacter. The high resistance to some antimicrobials among the isolates may lead to increasing numbers of difficult-to-treat campylobacteriosis cases among children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bernadeta Szczepanska
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Ergonomics, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, 9 Sklodowska-Curie Str, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, PL Poland
| | - Małgorzata Andrzejewska
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Ergonomics, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, 9 Sklodowska-Curie Str, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, PL Poland
| | - Dorota Spica
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Ergonomics, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, 9 Sklodowska-Curie Str, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, PL Poland
| | - Jacek J. Klawe
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Ergonomics, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, 9 Sklodowska-Curie Str, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, PL Poland
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Isolation, identification and differentiation of Campylobacter spp. using multiplex PCR assay from goats in Khartoum State, Sudan. Trop Anim Health Prod 2017; 49:575-581. [PMID: 28160162 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-017-1231-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to identify and characterize thermophilic Campylobacter species in faecal samples from goats in Khartoum State, Sudan, by application of multiplex polymerase chain reaction. Campylobacteriosis is a zoonotic disease of global concern, and the organisms can be transmitted to human via food, water and through contact with farm animals and pets. There are five clinically related Campylobacter species: Campylobacter jejuni (C. jejuni). Campylobacter coli, Campylobacter lari, Campylobacter upsaliensis and Campylobacter fetus. Conventional cultural methods to diagnose campylobacteriosis are tedious and time consuming. Wide ranges of genes have been reported to be used for PCR-based identification of Campylobacter spp. We used a multiplex PCR assay to simultaneously detect genes from the major five clinically significant Campylobacter spp. The genes selected were hipO (hippuricase) and 23S rRNA from glyA (serine hydroxymethyl transferase) from each of C. jejuni. C. coli, C. lari, and C. upsaliensis; and sapB2 (surface layer protein) from C. fetus subsp. fetus. The assay was used to identify Campylobacter isolates recovered from 336 cultured faecal samples from goats in three localities in Khartoum State. C. coli was the most predominant isolate (234; 69.6%), followed by C. jejuni (19; 5.7%), C. upsaliensis (13; 3.9%), C. fetus subsp. fetus (7; 2.1%) and C. lari (6; 1.8%). Twenty-nine goats showed mixed infection with Campylobacter spp., 21 of which harbored two Campylobacter spp., while eight animals were infected with three species. Ten out of twelve goats that displayed diarrhea harbored C. coli only. C. coli, C. jejuni and C. upsaliensis showed significant variation with localities. The prevalence of C. coli was significantly higher (87; 25.9%) in goats from Omdurman, whereas C. jejuni and C. upsaliensis were significantly higher (11; 3.3%, 9; 2.7%) in goats from Khartoum. The multiplex PCR assay was found to be rapid and easy to perform and had a high sensitivity and specificity for characterizing the isolates, even in mixed cultures. The study demonstrated the significance of goats as reservoirs in the dissemination of Campylobacter spp. which could be considered as potential agent of caprine enteritis and abortion as well as contamination of the wider environment posing serious public health concern in Khartoum State.
Collapse
|
20
|
Exploiting Bacterial Whole-Genome Sequencing Data for Evaluation of Diagnostic Assays: Campylobacter Species Identification as a Case Study. J Clin Microbiol 2016; 54:2882-2890. [PMID: 27733632 PMCID: PMC5121375 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.01522-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The application of whole-genome sequencing (WGS) to problems in clinical microbiology has had a major impact on the field. Clinical laboratories are now using WGS for pathogen identification, antimicrobial susceptibility testing, and epidemiological typing. WGS data also represent a valuable resource for the development and evaluation of molecular diagnostic assays, which continue to play an important role in clinical microbiology. To demonstrate this application of WGS, this study used publicly available genomic data to evaluate a duplex real-time PCR (RT-PCR) assay that targets mapA and ceuE for the detection of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli, leading global causes of bacterial gastroenteritis. In silico analyses of mapA and ceuE primer and probe sequences from 1,713 genetically diverse C. jejuni and C. coli genomes, supported by RT-PCR testing, indicated that the assay was robust, with 1,707 (99.7%) isolates correctly identified. The high specificity of the mapA-ceuE assay was the result of interspecies diversity and intraspecies conservation of the target genes in C. jejuni and C. coli Rare instances of a lack of specificity among C. coli isolates were due to introgression in mapA or sequence diversity in ceuE The results of this study illustrate how WGS can be exploited to evaluate molecular diagnostic assays by using publicly available data, online databases, and open-source software.
Collapse
|
21
|
Abstract
Campylobacter continues to be one of the most common bacterial causes of diarrheal illness in the United States and worldwide. Infection with Campylobacter causes a spectrum of diseases including acute enteritis, extraintestinal infections, and postinfectious complications. The most common species of Campylobacter associated with human illness is Campylobacter jejuni, but other Campylobacter species can also cause human infections. This comprehensive review includes discussion of the taxonomy, clinical manifestations of infection, epidemiology and the different methods of laboratory detection of Campylobacter.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Collette Fitzgerald
- Enteric Diseases Laboratory Branch, Division of Foodborne, Waterborne and Environmental Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Saiyudthong S, Phusri K, Buates S. Rapid Detection of Campylobacter jejuni, Campylobacter coli, and Campylobacter lari in Fresh Chicken Meat and By-Products in Bangkok, Thailand, Using Modified Multiplex PCR. J Food Prot 2015; 78:1363-9. [PMID: 26197289 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-14-415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A multiplex PCR assay for simultaneous detection and differentiation of Campylobacter jejuni, Campylobacter coli, and Campylobacter lari was developed and validated to assess the occurrence of these bacteria in fresh chicken meat and by-products in Bangkok, Thailand, by using a new combination of four previously published PCR primers for C. jejuni, C. coli, C. lari, and a universal 16S rDNA gene as an internal control. The specificity was determined by using 13 strains of other bacteria. With pure culture DNA, the detection limit was 0.017 ng/PCR for C. jejuni and C. coli and was 0.016 ng/PCR for C. lari. It can detect 10 CFU of C. jejuni, C. coli, and C. lari in 2 g of chicken meat within a 16-h enrichment time. Our multiplex PCR assay was applied for identification of Campylobacter spp. in 122 supermarket samples and 108 fresh market samples. Of the 230 samples evaluated by multiplex PCR, 54.0, 3.3, and 10.7% of supermarket samples were positive for C. jejuni, C. coli, and mixed C. jejuni and C. coli, respectively, and 56.5 and 33.3% of fresh market samples were positive for C. jejuni and mixed C. jejuni and C. coli, respectively. No sample was positive for C. lari. Fresh market samples had significantly higher C. jejuni and C. coli contamination than those from supermarkets (relative risk: 1.3; P = 0.0001). Compared with the culture method (a gold standard), the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and diagnostic accuracy of multiplex PCR were 97.7, 86.8, 96.1, 92.0, and 95.2%, respectively. No significant difference was observed between results from two methods (P = 0.55). Therefore, the established multiplex PCR was not only rapid and easy to perform but had a high sensitivity and specificity to distinguish between C. jejuni, C. coli, and C. lari, even in samples containing mixed contamination. Our study indicated that fresh chicken meat and by-products from fresh markets were significantly less hygienic than those from supermarkets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Saiyudthong
- Institute of Food Research and Product Development, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - K Phusri
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - S Buates
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Harzandi N, Jamshidi S, Dezfulian M, Bahonar A, Bakhtiari A, Banihashemi K. Molecular Detection and Speciation of Campylobacter Species in Children With Gastroenteritis Using Polymerase Chain Reaction in Bahonar Hospital of Karaj City. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENTERIC PATHOGENS 2015. [DOI: 10.17795/ijep21796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
|
24
|
Trends in the occurrence and characteristics of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli isolates from poultry meat in Northern Poland. Food Control 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2014.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
|
25
|
Korsak D, Maćkiw E, Rożynek E, Żyłowska M. Prevalence of Campylobacter spp. in Retail Chicken, Turkey, Pork, and Beef Meat in Poland between 2009 and 2013. J Food Prot 2015; 78:1024-8. [PMID: 25951401 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-14-353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to determine the prevalence of thermophilic Campylobacter in poultry, pork, and beef meat at the retail level and to identify the main categories of meat representing the most significant reservoirs of Campylobacter. A monitoring study was conducted throughout Poland from 2009 to 2013. A total of 1,700 fresh meat samples were collected from supermarkets, large retail outlets, and smaller stores. Thermophilic Campylobacter species were detected in 690 (49.3%) of 1,400 poultry samples collected from retail trade. Strains were isolated from 50.2 and 41.1% of raw chicken and turkey meat samples, respectively, and from 50.1 and 42.6% of raw chicken and turkey giblets. The incidence of Campylobacter spp. on pork (10.6%) and beef (10.1%) was significantly lower than on poultry. Campylobacter jejuni was the most prevalent Campylobacter species in chicken (46.6%), pork (68.6%), and beef (66.7%), and Campylobacter coli was the most frequently isolated Campylobacter species in turkey meat (71.2%). This study revealed that retail raw meats are often contaminated with Campylobacter; however, the prevalence of these pathogens is markedly different in different meats. Raw retail meats are potential vehicles for transmitting foodborne diseases, and our findings stress the need for increased implementation of hazard analysis critical control point programs and consumer food safety education efforts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Korsak
- Department of Food Safety, National Food and Nutrition Institute, Powsińska 61/63, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; Department of Applied Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Elżbieta Maćkiw
- Department of Food Safety, National Institute of Public Health, National Institute of Hygiene, ul. Chocimska 24, 00-791 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Rożynek
- Department of Food Safety, National Food and Nutrition Institute, Powsińska 61/63, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Monika Żyłowska
- Department of Food Safety, National Food and Nutrition Institute, Powsińska 61/63, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Abd El-Baky RM, Sakhy M, Gad GFM. Antibiotic susceptibility pattern and genotyping of campylobacter species isolated from children suffering from gastroenteritis. Indian J Med Microbiol 2015; 32:240-6. [PMID: 25008814 DOI: 10.4103/0255-0857.136550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To study the prevalence and the antimicrobial resistance of campylobacter species isolated from children suffering from gastroenteritis . MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 125 stool samples were collected from children with gastroenteritis. The identification of isolates was performed with conventional methods as well as with molecular methods based on 16SrRNA species-specific gene amplification by PCR and product analysis. Resistance pattern of the isolated strains was determined using agar dilution method. RESULTS Conventional methods including sodium hippurate hydrolysis revealed that 12 (9.6%) samples were positive for Campylobacter species. Ten out of 12 Campylobacter spp. were identified as Campylobacter jejuni and 2 as Campylobacter coli but PCR assay revealed that five samples only were positive for Campylobacter and all were C. jejuni. Antimicrobial susceptibility to 10 antimicrobials was performed and all isolates (five isolates of C. jejuni) were susceptible to chloramphenicol, gentamicin and amikacin but all were resistant to ceftriaxone. CONCLUSION PCR assay method allows reliable detection of C. jejuni. C. jejuni was the most prevalent Campylobacter species. Gentamicin, amikacin and chloramphenicol were the most effective antibiotic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R M Abd El-Baky
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Samosornsuk W, Asakura M, Yoshida E, Taguchi T, Eampokalap B, Chaicumpa W, Yamasaki S. Isolation and Characterization of Campylobacter Strains from Diarrheal Patients in Central and Suburban Bangkok, Thailand. Jpn J Infect Dis 2015; 68:209-15. [DOI: 10.7883/yoken.jjid.2014.229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Worada Samosornsuk
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Thammasat University
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University
| | - Masahiro Asakura
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University
| | - Emi Yoshida
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University
| | - Takashi Taguchi
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University
| | | | - Wanpen Chaicumpa
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University
| | - Shinji Yamasaki
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Szczepańska B, Kamiński P, Andrzejewska M, Śpica D, Kartanas E, Ulrich W, Jerzak L, Kasprzak M, Bocheński M, Klawe JJ. Prevalence, virulence, and antimicrobial resistance of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli in white stork Ciconia ciconia in Poland. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2014; 12:24-31. [PMID: 25456607 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2014.1793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the role of white stork Ciconia ciconia as a potential reservoir of Campylobacter spp. Antimicrobial resistance and the presence of putative virulence genes of the isolates were also examined. A total of 398 white stork chicks sampled in Western Poland in habitats with high density of breeding were examined. Rectal swabs were collected during breeding season 2009-2012 from storks developing in a relatively pure environment (Odra meadows), in polluted areas (a copper mining-smelting complex), and in suburbs. Of the anal swabs collected, 7.6% were positive for Campylobacter among chicks (5.3% samples positive for C. jejuni and 2.3% samples positive for C. coli). Samples from polluted areas had the highest prevalence of Campylobacter (12.2%). The prevalence of resistance among C. jejuni and C. coli isolates from young storks was as follows: to ciprofloxacin (52.4%, 44.4%), and to tetracycline (19%, 77.8%). All of the analyzed isolates were susceptible to macrolides. The resistance to both classes of antibiotics was found in the 23.3% of Campylobacter spp. All Campylobacter spp. isolates had cadF gene and flaA gene responsible for adherence and motility. CdtB gene associated with toxin production was present in 88.9% of C. coli isolates and 57.1% of C. jejuni isolates. The iam marker was found more often in C. coli strains (55.6%) compared to C. jejuni isolates (42.9%). Our results confirm the prevalence of Campylobacter spp. in the white stork in natural conditions and, because it lives in open farmlands with access to marshy wetlands, the environmental sources such as water reservoirs and soil-water can be contaminated from white stork feces and the pathogens can be widely disseminated. We can thus conclude that Campylobacter spp. may easily be transmitted to waterfowl, other birds, and humans via its environmental sources and/or by immediate contact.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bernadeta Szczepańska
- 1 Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Nicolaus Copernicus University , Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
CampylobacterSpecies. Food Microbiol 2014. [DOI: 10.1128/9781555818463.ch11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
30
|
Isolation, identification and subtyping of Campylobacter: Where to from here? J Microbiol Methods 2013; 95:3-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2013.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2013] [Revised: 05/01/2013] [Accepted: 06/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
31
|
Rożynek E, Maćkiw E, Kamińska W, Tomczuk K, Antos-Bielska M, Dzierżanowska-Fangrat K, Korsak D. Emergence of Macrolide-Resistant Campylobacter Strains in Chicken Meat in Poland and the Resistance Mechanisms Involved. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2013; 10:655-60. [DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2012.1333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Elżbieta Rożynek
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, The Children's Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Food and Food Supplements, National Food and Nutrition Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Maćkiw
- Department of Food and Food Supplements, National Food and Nutrition Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wanda Kamińska
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, The Children's Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Tomczuk
- Department of Food and Food Supplements, National Food and Nutrition Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | | | - Dorota Korsak
- Department of Food and Food Supplements, National Food and Nutrition Institute, Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Applied Microbiology, University of Warsaw, Faculty of Biology, Warsaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
On S, Brandt S, Cornelius A, Fusco V, Quero G, Maćkiw E, Houf K, Bilbao A, Díaz A, Benejat L, Megraud F, Collins-Emerson J, French N, Gotcheva V, Angelov A, Alakomi HL, Saarela M, Paulin S. PCR revisited: a case for revalidation of PCR assays for microorganisms using identification ofCampylobacterspecies as an exemplar. QUALITY ASSURANCE AND SAFETY OF CROPS & FOODS 2013. [DOI: 10.3920/qas2012.0158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S.L.W. On
- Christchurch Science Centre, Institute of Environmental Science and Research (ESR), Food Programme, 27 Creyke Road, Ilam, 8041, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - S.M. Brandt
- Christchurch Science Centre, Institute of Environmental Science and Research (ESR), Food Programme, 27 Creyke Road, Ilam, 8041, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - A.J. Cornelius
- Christchurch Science Centre, Institute of Environmental Science and Research (ESR), Food Programme, 27 Creyke Road, Ilam, 8041, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - V. Fusco
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Sciences and Food Protection (CNR-ISPA), Via Amendola 122/o, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - G.M. Quero
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Sciences and Food Protection (CNR-ISPA), Via Amendola 122/o, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - E. Maćkiw
- National Food and Nutrition Institute (NFNI), Powsińska 61/63, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Food and Consumer Articles Research, National Institute of Public Health - National Institute of Hygiene, ul. Chocimska 24, 00-791 Warszawa, Poland
| | - K. Houf
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - A. Bilbao
- Gaiker-IK 4 Zentru Teknologikoa, Teknologi Parkea, 202 Eraikina, 48170 Zamudio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - A.I. Díaz
- Gaiker-IK 4 Zentru Teknologikoa, Teknologi Parkea, 202 Eraikina, 48170 Zamudio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - L. Benejat
- Laboratoire de Bacteriologie (INSERM U853), Campylobacter National Reference Centre, University Bordeaux Segalen, 146 Rue Leo Saigent, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - F. Megraud
- Laboratoire de Bacteriologie (INSERM U853), Campylobacter National Reference Centre, University Bordeaux Segalen, 146 Rue Leo Saigent, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - J. Collins-Emerson
- mEpiLab, Hopkirk Research Institute, Massey University, IVABS, Tennent Drive, 4442 Massey, New Zealand
| | - N.P. French
- mEpiLab, Hopkirk Research Institute, Massey University, IVABS, Tennent Drive, 4442 Massey, New Zealand
| | - V. Gotcheva
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Food Technologies, 26 Maritza Blvd, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - A. Angelov
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Food Technologies, 26 Maritza Blvd, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - H.-L. Alakomi
- VTT, Technical Research Centre of Finland, Tietotiez, 02044 Espoo, Finland
| | - M. Saarela
- VTT, Technical Research Centre of Finland, Tietotiez, 02044 Espoo, Finland
| | - S.M. Paulin
- Christchurch Science Centre, Institute of Environmental Science and Research (ESR), Food Programme, 27 Creyke Road, Ilam, 8041, Christchurch, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Griekspoor P, Colles FM, McCarthy ND, Hansbro PM, Ashhurst-Smith C, Olsen B, Hasselquist D, Maiden MCJ, Waldenström J. Marked host specificity and lack of phylogeographic population structure of Campylobacter jejuni in wild birds. Mol Ecol 2013; 22:1463-72. [PMID: 23356487 PMCID: PMC3596980 DOI: 10.1111/mec.12144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2012] [Accepted: 10/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Zoonotic pathogens often infect several animal species, and gene flow among populations infecting different host species may affect the biological traits of the pathogen including host specificity, transmissibility and virulence. The bacterium Campylobacter jejuni is a widespread zoonotic multihost pathogen, which frequently causes gastroenteritis in humans. Poultry products are important transmission vehicles to humans, but the bacterium is common in other domestic and wild animals, particularly birds, which are a potential infection source. Population genetic studies of C. jejuni have mainly investigated isolates from humans and domestic animals, so to assess C. jejuni population structure more broadly and investigate host adaptation, 928 wild bird isolates from Europe and Australia were genotyped by multilocus sequencing and compared to the genotypes recovered from 1366 domestic animal and human isolates. Campylobacter jejuni populations from different wild bird species were distinct from each other and from those from domestic animals and humans, and the host species of wild bird was the major determinant of C. jejuni genotype, while geographic origin was of little importance. By comparison, C. jejuni differentiation was restricted between more phylogenetically diverse farm animals, indicating that domesticated animals may represent a novel niche for C. jejuni and thereby driving the evolution of those bacteria as they exploit this niche. Human disease is dominated by isolates from this novel domesticated animal niche.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Petra Griekspoor
- Centre for Ecology and Evolution in Microbial Model Systems (EEMiS), Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Antibiotic resistance in Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli isolated from food in Poland. Food Control 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2011.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
35
|
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis typing of human and retail foodstuff Campylobacters: An Irish perspective. Food Microbiol 2011; 28:426-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2010.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2010] [Revised: 08/17/2010] [Accepted: 10/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
36
|
Lévesque S, St-Pierre K, Frost E, Arbeit RD, Michaud S. Determination of the optimal culture conditions for detecting thermophilic campylobacters in environmental water. J Microbiol Methods 2011; 86:82-8. [PMID: 21504767 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2011.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2010] [Revised: 04/03/2011] [Accepted: 04/04/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated alternative protocols for culturing thermophilic campylobacters in environmental water. All samples were filtered through a sterile 0.45μm pore-size membrane, which was then incubated in Preston enrichment broth. Four variables were compared: water sample volume (2000mL vs. 500mL), enrichment broth volume (25mL vs. 100mL), enrichment incubation duration (24h vs. 48h), and number of enrichment passages (one vs. two). In addition, DNA extracts were prepared from all final broths and analyzed using three rRNA PCR assays. River water was collected at 3 sampling sites weekly for 9 weeks. Among these 27 collections, 25 (93%) yielded Campylobacter spp. under at least one of the 16 culture conditions. By univariate analysis, yields were significantly better for the 2000mL sample volume (68.5% vs. 43.0%, p<0.0001) and the 25mL enrichment broth volume (64.5% vs. 47.0%, p<0.0004). Neither of the enrichment period had a significant effect, although there was a trend in favor of 48h incubation (59.5% vs. 52.0%, p=0.13). The three PCR methods gave concordant results for 66 (33%) of the culture-negative samples and 103 (50%) of the culture-positive samples. Compared with culture results, Lubeck's 16S PCR assay had the best performance characteristics, with a sensitivity of 82% and a specificity of 94%. Of the 12 culture-negative samples positive by Lubeck's PCR assay, 11 (92%) samples were also positive by Denis' 16S PCR assay, suggesting that in these cases the culture might have been falsely negative. Based on our results, we conclude that the optimal conditions for detecting Campylobacter spp. in natural waters include 2000mL sample volume and a single enrichment broth of 25mL PB incubated for 48h.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Lévesque
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Faculté de Médecine de l'Université de Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Müller W, Böhland C, Methner U. Detection and genotypic differentiation of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli strains from laying hens by multiplex PCR and fla-typing. Res Vet Sci 2011; 91:e48-52. [PMID: 21349563 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2011.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2010] [Accepted: 01/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In total, 26 Campylobacter (C.) strains, isolated from liver, spleen, caecal or jejunal content of laying hens from different flocks were examined. In these flocks a drop in egg production, an increasing mortality and livers with whitish-grey lesions as post-mortem finding were observed. Suspected Campylobacter colonies were differentiated using a modified m-PCR in 13 Campylobacter jejuni and 13 Campylobacter coli strains. All isolates were characterised by typing of the flaA and flaB gene each with two restriction enzymes. To compare the four different profiles for all strains an artificial "fla-type" was generated. Different and identical fla-types of C. jejuni and C. coli were recovered from both intestinal and extra-intestinal organs of the laying hens and even from individual birds. One significant observation is that some fla-types of C. jejuni or C. coli were detected in intestinal and systemic sites but not all fla-types of both species appeared to be equally able to invade internal organs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Müller
- Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses at the Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Naumburger Str. 96a, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Andrade RD, Gemelli T, Dall Onder L, Cristina K, Brito TD, Barboza A, Brito BD. MÉTODOS DIAGNÓSTICOS PARA OS PATÓGENOS ALIMENTARES: CAMPYLOBACTER SP., SALMONELLA SP. E LISTERIA MONOCYTOGENES. ARQUIVOS DO INSTITUTO BIOLÓGICO 2010. [DOI: 10.1590/1808-1657v77p7412010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
RESUMO Os métodos moleculares de detecção rápida e eficaz de lotes de aves infectados por bactérias como Salmonella sp. Campylobacter sp. e Listeria monocytogenes são importantes para reduzir a frequência da transmissão destes patógenos entre os lotes de aves e aos consumidores de produtos de origem animal. Recentemente, as técnicas de biologia molecular, em especial a reação em cadeia polimerase, que permite a amplificação específica de segmentos de DNA, têm possibilitado novos rumos na identificação de bactérias supracitadas, reduzindo o tempo de cultivo e ampliando a confiabilidade das provas diagnósticas. A utilização da biologia molecular por laboratórios de diagnóstico humano e animal, assim como em programas de controle de qualidade de alimentos e produtos de origem animal, já é realidade e tende a se expandir rapidamente. O objetivo deste artigo é fazer uma breve revisão dos testes diagnósticos convencionais e moleculares para identificar Campylobacter sp., Salmonella sp. e Listeria monocytogenes. Concluindo, o diagnóstico molecular é um campo em avanço científico e tecnológico, no qual novas técnicas moleculares estão em desenvolvimento para o diagnóstico de bactérias em alimentos.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R.B. de Andrade
- Instituto de Pesquisa Veterinária “Desidério Finamor”, Brasil
| | - T. Gemelli
- Instituto de Pesquisa Veterinária “Desidério Finamor”, Brasil
| | | | - K. Cristina
- Instituto de Pesquisa Veterinária “Desidério Finamor”, Brasil
| | - T. de Brito
- Instituto de Pesquisa Veterinária “Desidério Finamor”, Brasil
| | - A.A.L. Barboza
- Instituto de Pesquisa Veterinária “Desidério Finamor”, Brasil
| | - B.G. de Brito
- Instituto de Pesquisa Veterinária “Desidério Finamor”, Brasil
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Granato PA, Chen L, Holiday I, Rawling RA, Novak-Weekley SM, Quinlan T, Musser KA. Comparison of premier CAMPY enzyme immunoassay (EIA), ProSpecT Campylobacter EIA, and ImmunoCard STAT! CAMPY tests with culture for laboratory diagnosis of Campylobacter enteric infections. J Clin Microbiol 2010; 48:4022-7. [PMID: 20810765 PMCID: PMC3020833 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00486-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2010] [Revised: 05/20/2010] [Accepted: 08/23/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter enteritis is a food-borne or waterborne illness caused almost exclusively by Campylobacter jejuni and, to a lesser extent, by Campylobacter coli. These organisms produce indistinguishable clinical diseases and together represent the second most common cause of bacterial diarrhea in the United States and the leading cause of enteric infection throughout the world. The conventional approach to the laboratory diagnosis of Campylobacter enteritis is based on the recovery of the organism from a stool specimen, which requires the use of a specialized medium incubated at 42°C for several days in an artificially created microaerophilic environment. Recently, several commercially available enzyme immunoassays (EIAs) have been developed for the direct detection of C. jejuni and C. coli in stool specimens. This study compared conventional culture with three EIA methods, the Premier CAMPY EIA (Meridian Bioscience, Cincinnati, OH), the ProSpecT Campylobacter EIA (Remel, Lenexa, KS), and the ImmunoCard STAT! CAMPY test (Meridian Bioscience, Cincinnati, OH), for the detection of C. jejuni and C. coli in 485 patient stool samples. Discordant results were arbitrated by using an in-house, real-time PCR assay that was developed and validated by a public health reference laboratory. Following analyses of the discrepant specimens by PCR, the sensitivity and specificity of both the Premier CAMPY and ProSpecT Campylobacter EIAs were 99.3% and 98%, respectively, while the ImmunoCard STAT! CAMPY test had a sensitivity of 98.5% and a specificity of 98.2%. By use of the PCR test as the reference standard, culture detected 127 of 135 Campylobacter-positive stool specimens, yielding a sensitivity of 94.1%. These results showed that the three EIAs evaluated in this study provide a rapid and reliable alternative for the laboratory diagnosis of enteric infections with C. jejuni and C. coli and that conventional culture may no longer be recognized as the "gold standard" for diagnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul A Granato
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, 750 East Adams Street, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Analysis of the baseline survey on the prevalence of Campylobacter in broiler batches and of Campylobacter and Salmonella on broiler carcasses, in the EU, 2008 - Part B: Analysis of factors associated with Campylobacter colonisation of broiler batches and. EFSA J 2010. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2010.1522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
|
41
|
Identification and characterization of a new ferric enterobactin receptor, CfrB, in Campylobacter. J Bacteriol 2010; 192:4425-35. [PMID: 20585060 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00478-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The ferric enterobactin (FeEnt) receptor CfrA is present in the majority of Campylobacter jejuni isolates and is responsible for high-affinity iron acquisition. Our recent work and that of others strongly suggested the existence of another FeEnt uptake system in Campylobacter. Here we have identified and characterized a new FeEnt receptor (designated CfrB) using both in vitro and in vivo systems. CfrB, a homolog of C. jejuni NCTC 11168 Cj0444, shares approximately 34% of amino acid identity with CfrA. Alignment of complete CfrB sequences showed that the CfrB is highly conserved in Campylobacter. Immunoblotting analysis using CfrB-specific antiserum demonstrated that CfrB was dramatically induced under iron-restricted conditions and was produced in the majority of Campylobacter coli (41 out of 45) and in some C. jejuni (8 out of 32) primary strains from various sources and from geographically diverse areas. All of the CfrB-producing C. coli strains also produced CfrA, which was rarely observed in the tested C. jejuni strains. Isogenic cfrB, cfrA, and cfrA cfrB double mutants were constructed in 43 diverse Campylobacter strains. Growth promotion assays using these mutants demonstrated that CfrB has a major role in FeEnt iron acquisition in C. coli. Chicken colonization experiments indicated that inactivation of the cfrB gene alone greatly reduced and even abolished Campylobacter colonization of the intestines. A growth assay using CfrB-specific antiserum strongly suggested that specific CfrB antibodies could block the function of CfrB and diminish FeEnt-mediated growth promotion under iron-restricted conditions. Together, this work reveals the complexity of FeEnt systems in the two closely related Campylobacter species and demonstrates the important role of the new FeEnt receptor CfrB in Campylobacter iron acquisition and in vivo colonization.
Collapse
|
42
|
Abstract
There is an increasing interest in the detection and enumeration of micro-organisms pathogenic for human and present in bovine faeces. This interest is because pollution of the environment by animal faeces may affect the safety of food and of drinking or recreational water. Detection and quantification of microbial pathogens carried out using DNA extracted from the faecal matrix are affected by the quality and the quantity of the DNA extracts, which are critical factors that limit the accuracy and sensitivity of molecular studies. This review compares published methods on DNA extraction from bovine faeces, focusing on the extent to which the success of DNA amplification is affected by issues related to the faeces. Following a general discussion on the DNA extraction methods used for faeces, we focus particularly on issues related to the faecal environment itself. The objective is to identify information that can be used to improve the sensitivity of those PCR methods used after direct DNA extraction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Rapp
- Climate, Land and Environment, AgResearch, Hamilton, New Zealand.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
A New Multiplexed Real-Time PCR Assay to Detect Campylobacter jejuni, C. coli, C. lari, and C. upsaliensis. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-009-9110-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
44
|
Habib I, Sampers I, Uyttendaele M, De Zutter L, Berkvens D. A Bayesian modelling framework to estimateCampylobacterprevalence and culture methods sensitivity: application to a chicken meat survey in Belgium. J Appl Microbiol 2008; 105:2002-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2008.03902.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
45
|
Krueger NA, Anderson RC, Krueger WK, Horne WJ, Wesley IV, Callaway TR, Edrington TS, Carstens GE, Harvey RB, Nisbet DJ. Prevalence and Concentration ofCampylobacterin Rumen Contents and Feces in Pasture and Feedlot-Fed Cattle. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2008; 5:571-7. [DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2007.0059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nathan A. Krueger
- Food and Feed Safety Research Unit, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, College Station, Texas
| | - Robin C. Anderson
- Food and Feed Safety Research Unit, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, College Station, Texas
| | | | - Willy J. Horne
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Irene V. Wesley
- Pre-Harvest Food Safety and Enteric Disease Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, Iowa
| | - Todd R. Callaway
- Food and Feed Safety Research Unit, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, College Station, Texas
| | - Tom S. Edrington
- Food and Feed Safety Research Unit, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, College Station, Texas
| | - Gordon E. Carstens
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Roger B. Harvey
- Food and Feed Safety Research Unit, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, College Station, Texas
| | - David J. Nisbet
- Food and Feed Safety Research Unit, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, College Station, Texas
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Habib I, Sampers I, Uyttendaele M, Berkvens D, De Zutter L. Baseline data from a Belgium-wide survey of Campylobacter species contamination in chicken meat preparations and considerations for a reliable monitoring program. Appl Environ Microbiol 2008; 74:5483-9. [PMID: 18621867 PMCID: PMC2546649 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00161-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2008] [Accepted: 07/05/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
From February to November 2007, chicken meat preparations (n = 656) were sampled at 11 processing companies across Belgium. All samples were tested for Campylobacter by enrichment culture and by direct plating according to standard methods. Almost half (48.02%) of the samples were positive for Campylobacter spp. The mean Campylobacter count was 1.68 log(10) CFU/g with a standard deviation of +/- 0.64 log(10) CFU/g. The study revealed a statistically significant variation in Campylobacter contamination levels between companies; processors with a wider frequency distribution range of Campylobacter counts provided chicken meat preparations with higher Campylobacter incidences and concentrations. There was no significant difference between the counts of Campylobacter spp. in various preparation types. However, the Campylobacter counts and incidences in chicken wings were the highest and portioned-form products (legs, wings, and breasts) showed a higher probability of being Campylobacter positive compared to minced-form products (sausages, burgers, and minced meat). The proportion of Campylobacter-positive samples was significantly higher in July than in other months. Recovery of Campylobacter spp. recovery by direct plating was higher (41.0%) compared to detection after enrichment (24.2%). Statistical modeling of the survey data showed that the likelihood of obtaining a positive result by enrichment culture increases with an increase in the Campylobacter concentration in the sample. In the present study, we provide the first enumeration data on Campylobacter contamination in Belgian chicken meat preparations and address proposals for improving Campylobacter monitoring programs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ihab Habib
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Zweifel C, Scheu KD, Keel M, Renggli F, Stephan R. Occurrence and genotypes of Campylobacter in broiler flocks, other farm animals, and the environment during several rearing periods on selected poultry farms. Int J Food Microbiol 2008; 125:182-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2008.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2007] [Revised: 03/03/2008] [Accepted: 03/31/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
48
|
Wyszyńska A, Życka J, Godlewska R, Jagusztyn-Krynicka EK. The Campylobacter jejuni/coli cjaA (cj0982c) Gene Encodes an N-Glycosylated Lipoprotein Localized in the Inner Membrane. Curr Microbiol 2008; 57:181-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s00284-008-9171-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2007] [Accepted: 04/04/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
49
|
Kohler R, Krause G, Beutin L, Stephan R, Zweifel C. Shedding of food-borne pathogens and microbiological carcass contamination in rabbits at slaughter. Vet Microbiol 2008; 132:149-57. [PMID: 18514438 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2008.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2008] [Revised: 04/10/2008] [Accepted: 04/17/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
To obtain microbiological data from rabbits at slaughter, 500 fecal samples and 500 carcasses samples were examined. All samples tested negative for Listeria and Salmonella. Campylobacter were detected in two fecal samples. Of the 500 fecal samples, 45.8% tested positive for eae (intimin), 1.2% for stx (Shiga toxin), and 1.8% for both eae and stx. By colony hybridization, 56 eae positive Escherichia coli strains were isolated. Among them, 27 strains (48.2%) were of the serotypes O178:H7 and O153:H7, whereas 15 strains (26.8%) belonged to a serogroup that has not yet been described (O(CB10681):H7). All strains possessed intimin beta1 and the translocated intimin receptor (tir) capable of being tyrosine phosphorylated. None of the strains harbored the genes for Shiga toxins, EAST1 (astA), bundlin (bfpA), or the EAF plasmid. Slaughter rabbits therefore constitute a reservoir for certain atypical enteropathogenic Escherichia coli. On rabbit carcasses, average total bacterial counts accounted for 3.3 log CFU cm(-2). Enterobacteriaceae and coagulase positive staphylococci (CPS) were detected on 118 (23.6%) and 153 (30.6%) carcasses, respectively. Enterobacteriaceae and CPS counts of positive samples were mainly <1.5 log CFU cm(-2). Among 153 selected CPS isolates, 98.7% were identified as Staphylococcus aureus. None of the 151 isolated strains harbored the gene for methicillin resistance (mecA). Genes for staphylococcal enterotoxins (SE) were detected in 102 strains. The combinations of seg and sei (53 strains) and sed, seg, sei, and sej (27 strains) dominated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Kohler
- Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, Vetsuisse Faculty University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 272, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Identification of thermotolerant campylobacter species by fluorescence in situ hybridization. J Clin Microbiol 2008; 46:2133-6. [PMID: 18385439 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.01512-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Thermotolerant Campylobacter spp. (Campylobacter jejuni, C. coli, C. lari, and C. upsaliensis) are leading causes of food-borne diarrhea in humans. In this study, the usefulness of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) for the identification of Campylobacter isolates was investigated. A hierarchical FISH probe set that included six group-, genus-, and species-specific probes was developed and evaluated with 12 reference strains and 94 clinical isolates of Campylobacter, Arcobacter, and Helicobacter. FISH correctly identified all isolates to the genus level and detected all thermotolerant Campylobacter isolates. The assay showed high degrees of sensitivity for the identification of C. jejuni (90%), C. coli (97%), C. lari (81%), and C. upsaliensis (100%) to the species level.
Collapse
|