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Mai Z, Fu H, Miao R, Lu C, Zhang X, Yuan Z, Ji P, Hua Y, Wang C, Ma Y, Deng H, Wei Y. Serological investigation and isolation of Salmonella abortus equi in horses in Xinjiang. BMC Vet Res 2024; 20:103. [PMID: 38491518 PMCID: PMC10941388 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-03955-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar abortus equi (S. abortus equi) is one of the main pathogens that causes abortion in pregnant horses and donkeys, which was highly infectious and greatly restricts the healthy development of the horse industry. OBJECTIVES In order to investigate the prevalence and biological characteristics of S. abortus equi in different regions and breeds of horses in Xinjiang. METHODS This study conducted ELISA detection of S. abortus equi antibodies on serum samples of 971 horses collected from three large-scale horse farms and five free-range horse farms in Yili Prefecture and Bayingol Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture of Xinjiang from 2020 to 2023. On this basis, bacterial isolation, culture, identification, and drug sensitivity tests were conducted on 42 samples of aborted foal tissues and 23 mare vaginal swabs. RESULTS The results showed that the positive rate of S. abortus equi antibody was as high as 20.91% in 971 horse serum samples. Among them, the positive rate in the Ili region (29.09%) was significantly higher than that in the Bayingole region (11.24%), and the positive rate in mares (22.45%) was higher than that in stallions (14.05%). In terms of horse breeds, the positive rates of self-propagating thoroughbred horses, half-bred horses, Ili horses and Yanqi horses were 43.22%, 28.81%, 14.72% and 11.24% respectively. In addition, S. abortus equi was more susceptible to juvenile and elderly horses, with positive rates of 70.00%and 41.86%, respectively, both of which were significantly higher than young (10.97%) and adult (19.79%) horses. Further, 9 strains of S. abortus equi were obtained through bacterial isolation, culture and identification, which were resistant to five antibiotics (Clarithromycin, Clindamycin, penicillin, Sulfamethoxazole and Rifampicin), and sensitive to 13 antimicrobial agents (Amoxicillin, Ciprofloxacin and Gentamicin, et al.). CONCLUSION There was a high infection rate of S. abortus equi in Ili Prefecture and self-propagating thoroughbred horses, and juvenile or old mares were more susceptible, which will provide scientific basis for the prevention of S. abortus equi infection in different regions and breeds of horses in Xinjiang.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanhai Mai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
| | - Han Fu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
| | - Ronghao Miao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
| | - Chong Lu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
| | - Xiaosong Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ziwen Yuan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Peng Ji
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yongli Hua
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Station of Bazhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Korla, Korla, China
| | - Yuhui Ma
- Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine Development Center of Zhaosu County, Zhaosu, China
| | - Haifeng Deng
- Zhaosu Horse Farm, Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture, Zhaosu, China
| | - Yanming Wei
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China.
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Ma W, Cui X, Dong X, Li X, Liu K, Wang Y, Shi X, Chen L, Hao M. Characterization of nontyphoidal Salmonella strains from a tertiary hospital in China: serotype diversity, multidrug resistance, and genetic insights. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 13:1327092. [PMID: 38264733 PMCID: PMC10803454 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1327092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Nontyphoidal Salmonella is a significant public health concern due to its ability to cause foodborne illnesses worldwide. This study aims to characterize the nontyphoidal Salmonella strains isolated from patients in China. Methods A total of 19 nontyphoidal Salmonella strains were characterized through serovar identification, antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST), biofilm formation assessment. Genetic relatedness was determined using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). WGS was employed to decipher the resistance mechanism and to contextualize the S. serovar Mbandaka strains among previously sequenced isolates in China. The biofilm associated mrkA gene was examined by PCR. Results The predominant serovar identified was S. Enteritidis, followed by S. Mbandaka, S. Thompson, S. Livingston, S. Alachua, and S. Infantis. PFGE analysis indicated a notable genetic similarity among the S. Mbandaka isolates. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that these strains were likely derived from a single source that had persisted in China for over five years. One multidrug resistance (MDR) S. Enteritidis isolate carried a highly transferable IncB/O/K/Z plasmid with bla CTX-M-15. One S. Thompson strain, harboring the mrkABCDF operon in an IncX1 plasmid, isolated from cutaneous lesions, demonstrated robust biofilm formation. However, no mrkABCDF loci were detected in other strains. Conclusion Our study emphasizes the importance of persisted surveillance and prompt response to Salmonella infections to protect public health. The dissemination of bla CTX-M-15-harboring IncB/O/K/Z plasmid and the spread of virulent mrkABCDF operon among Salmonella in China and other global regions warrant close monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanshan Ma
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaodi Cui
- School of Clinical Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Xiutao Dong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Xinpeng Li
- Department of Bacterial Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, China
| | - Ke Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yujiao Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaohong Shi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, NJ, United States
- Department of Medical Sciences, Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, Nutley, NJ, United States
| | - Mingju Hao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Jinan, China
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Rhea S, Gensler C, Atlaw N, Pairis-Garcia M, Lewbart GA, Valentine A, Cruz M, Castillo P, Vélez A, Trueba G, Jacob ME. Presence of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli in Food-Producing and Companion Animals and Wildlife on Small-Holder Farms of Floreana Island, Galápagos Islands. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2024; 24:36-45. [PMID: 38011616 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2023.0044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Antimicrobial resistance (AR) has led to increasing human and animal morbidity and mortality and negative consequences for the environment. AR among Escherichia coli (EC) is on the rise, with serious concerns about extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing E. coli (ESBL-EC). In the Galápagos Islands, where antimicrobials are available without a prescription, growing demands for food production can drive antimicrobial use. Food producing animals are at the interface of wildlife and environmental health on the smallest human-inhabited Galápagos Island, Floreana. We sought to determine if ESBL-EC were present in Floreana Island farm animal species and nearby wildlife and the relatedness of ESBL-EC isolates identified. Materials and Methods: During July 4-5, 2022, we visited 8 multispecies farms, representing 75% of food-producing animal production on Floreana, and collected 227 fecal samples from farm animals and wildlife. Each sample was plated on MacConkey agar supplemented with cefotaxime (4 μg/mL). Results: ESBL-EC was isolated from 20 (9%) fecal samples collected from pigs (N = 10), chickens (N = 6), wildlife (N = 3), and dog (N = 1). All ESBL-EC isolates were from samples taken at three (38%) of the eight farms. Fifteen (75%) of the ESBL-EC isolates were from a single farm. All ESBL-EC isolates were multidrug resistant. The most prevalent ESBL genes belonged to the blaCTX-M group. Among the typeable isolates from the farm with the largest proportion of ESBL-EC isolates (N = 14), we observed nine unique pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) patterns, with identical patterns present across pig and chicken isolates. PFGE patterns in the three farms with ESBL-EC isolates were different. Conclusions: These results lend support for future routine AR monitoring activities at the livestock-wildlife interface in Galápagos to characterize potential interspecies transmission of AR bacteria and AR genes in this unique protected ecosystem, and the related human, animal, and environmental health impacts, and to formulate interventions to reduce AR spread in this setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Rhea
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Catherine Gensler
- Department of Agricultural and Human Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Nigatu Atlaw
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Monique Pairis-Garcia
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Gregory A Lewbart
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
- Galápagos Science Center, Universidad San Francisco de Quito (USFQ) and The University of North Carolina (UNC) at Chapel Hill, San Cristóbal Island, Ecuador
| | - Alyssa Valentine
- College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Marilyn Cruz
- Agencia de Regulación y Control de la Bioseguridad y Cuarentena para Galápagos, Puerto Ayora, Ecuador
| | - Paulina Castillo
- Agencia de Regulación y Control de la Bioseguridad y Cuarentena para Galápagos, Puerto Ayora, Ecuador
| | - Alberto Vélez
- Agencia de Regulación y Control de la Bioseguridad y Cuarentena para Galápagos, Puerto Ayora, Ecuador
| | - Gabriel Trueba
- Galápagos Science Center, Universidad San Francisco de Quito (USFQ) and The University of North Carolina (UNC) at Chapel Hill, San Cristóbal Island, Ecuador
- Instituto de Microbiología, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Megan E Jacob
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
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Pimchan T, Tian F, Thumanu K, Rodtong S, Yongsawatdigul J. Anti-Salmonella Activity of a Novel Peptide, KGGDLGLFEPTL, Derived from Egg Yolk Hydrolysate. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 13:19. [PMID: 38247578 PMCID: PMC10812675 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13010019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to characterize the mode of action of a novel antimicrobial peptide isolated from egg yolk hydrolysate. The EYHp6, KGGDLGLFEPTL, exhibited inhibition against Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium TISTR 292 and S. enterica serovar Enteritidis DMST 15679 with a MIC value of 2 mM. In contrast, S. enterica serovar Newport ATCC 6962 and other strains of Typhimurium and Enteritidis were inhibited at 4 mM. EYHp6 increased the cell membrane permeability of S. Typhimurium TISTR 292, leading to DNA leakage. Membrane integrity determined by propidium iodide and SYTO9 staining visualized by confocal microscopy demonstrated that EYHp6 at 1 × MIC induced disruption of cell membranes. Electron microscopy revealed that treatment of S. Typhimurium with EYHp6 led to damage to the cell membrane, causing the leakage of intracellular contents. Synchrotron-based Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy indicated that EYHp6 killed S. Typhimurium by targeting fatty acids and nucleic acids in the cell membrane. The peptide did not show hemolytic activity up to 4 mM. These findings suggest that EYHp6 could be a promising antibacterial agent for controlling the growth of S. enterica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thippawan Pimchan
- School of Food Technology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand;
| | - Fu Tian
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Guizhou Institute of Technology, Guiyang 550003, China;
| | - Kanjana Thumanu
- Synchrotron Light Research Institute (Public Organization), Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand;
| | - Sureelak Rodtong
- School of Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand;
| | - Jirawat Yongsawatdigul
- School of Food Technology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand;
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Soltan Dallal MM, Zeynali Kelishomi F, Nikkhahi F, Zahraei Salehi T, Fardsanei F, Peymani A. Biofilm formation, antimicrobial resistance genes, and genetic diversity of Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serotype Enteritidis isolated from food and animal sources in Iran. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2023; 34:240-246. [PMID: 37567468 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2023.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Salmonella enterica serovar Entritidis is an important pathogen in foodborne diseases and causes gastroenteritis. Several studies have investigated the genetic diversity of the strains of this bacterium. However, our knowledge of the discriminatory power of the molecular methods is limited. METHODS In total, 34 strains of S. enteritidis were isolated from food related to animals. Antibiotic resistance of the strains, antibiotic resistance genes, and biofilm formation capacity of the strains were evaluated. For the genetic analysis of the strains, PFGE was performed using AvrII restriction enzyme. RESULTS Among the tested antibiotics, cefuroxime, nalidixic acid, and ciprofloxacin showed the highest resistance rates (79.4%, 47%, and 44.2%, respectively). Only three antibiotic-resistance genes were identified in these strains (blaTEM: 67.6%, tetA: 9%, and sul2: 3%). In total, 91% of the strains were biofilm producers. Clustering of strains using AvrII for 26 samples with the same XbaI PFGE profile showed that these strains were in one clone and had high homogeneity. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, it is better to use a combination of several typing methods for typing strains that are genetically very close so that the results are reliable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mehdi Soltan Dallal
- Division of Food Microbiology, Department of Pathobiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Food Microbiology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Farhad Nikkhahi
- Medical Microbiology Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Taghi Zahraei Salehi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Fardsanei
- Medical Microbiology Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.
| | - Amir Peymani
- Medical Microbiology Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
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Elbashir SM, Adnan AM, Bowers J, DePaola A, Jahncke M, Punchihewage-Don AJ, Da Silva LV, Hashem F, Parveen S. Antimicrobial Resistance, Virulence Properties and Genetic Diversity of Salmonella Typhimurium Recovered from Domestic and Imported Seafood. Pathogens 2023; 12:897. [PMID: 37513743 PMCID: PMC10384935 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12070897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The quantity of seafood imported and produced by domestic aquaculture farming has increased. Recently, it has been reported that multidrug-resistant (MDR) Salmonella Typhimurium may be associated with seafood. However, information is limited to the antimicrobial resistance, virulence properties, and genetic diversity of S. Typhimurium recovered from imported and domestic seafood. This study investigated the antimicrobial resistance, virulence properties, and genetic diversity of S. Typhimurium isolated from domestic and imported catfish, shrimp, and tilapia. A total of 127 isolates were tested for the presence of multidrug-resistance (MDR), virulence genes (invA, pagC, spvC, spvR), and genetic diversity using the Sensititre micro-broth dilution method, PCR, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), respectively. All isolates were uniformly susceptible to six (amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, ceftiofur, ceftriaxone, imipenem, nitrofurantoin, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole) of the 17 tested antimicrobials and genetically diverse. Fifty-three percent of the Salmonella isolates were resistant to at least one antimicrobial and 49% were multidrug resistant. Ninety-five percent of the isolates possessed the invA gene, 67% pagC, and 43% for both spvC, and spvR. The results suggest that S. Typhimurium recovered from seafood is frequently MDR, virulent, and have the ability to cause salmonellosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salah M Elbashir
- School of Agricultural and Natural Sciences, University of Maryland Eastern Shore, Princess Anne, MD 21853, USA
| | - Adib M Adnan
- School of Agricultural and Natural Sciences, University of Maryland Eastern Shore, Princess Anne, MD 21853, USA
- College of Computer, Mathematical and Natural Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - John Bowers
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD 20740, USA
| | - Angelo DePaola
- Angelo DePaola Consulting, 12719 Dauphin Island Pkwy, Coden, AL 36523, USA
| | - Michael Jahncke
- Virginia Seafood Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Virginia Tech., Hampton, VA 23669, USA
| | - Anuradha J Punchihewage-Don
- School of Agricultural and Natural Sciences, University of Maryland Eastern Shore, Princess Anne, MD 21853, USA
| | - Ligia V Da Silva
- School of Agricultural and Natural Sciences, University of Maryland Eastern Shore, Princess Anne, MD 21853, USA
| | - Fawzy Hashem
- School of Agricultural and Natural Sciences, University of Maryland Eastern Shore, Princess Anne, MD 21853, USA
| | - Salina Parveen
- School of Agricultural and Natural Sciences, University of Maryland Eastern Shore, Princess Anne, MD 21853, USA
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β-Lactamase Producing Escherichia coli Encoding blaCTX-M and blaCMY Genes in Chicken Carcasses from Egypt. Foods 2023; 12:foods12030598. [PMID: 36766128 PMCID: PMC9914308 DOI: 10.3390/foods12030598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli with multidrug resistance and β-lactamase genes may constitute a great public health hazard due to the potential for their transmission to humans through the food chain. This study determined the prevalence, antibiotic resistance profiles, phylogroups, and β-lactamase genes of E. coli isolates from chicken carcasses marketed in Mansoura, Egypt. Interestingly, E. coli was detected in 98% (98/100) of the chicken carcasses examined, which seemed among the highest contamination rates by E. coli worldwide. From the 425 genetically verified uidA gene-positive E. coli, 85 isolates were further studied for antimicrobial resistance profiles, phylogroups, and β-lactamase genes. Interestingly, 89.41% of E. coli (76/85) strains tested against 24 different antibiotics were multidrug-resistant. Of the examined 85 E. coli isolates, 22 (25.88%) isolates harbored blaCTX-M and were resistant to ampicillin, cefazoline, and ceftriaxone, while three of them were resistant to ceftazidime besides. Nine (10.59%) E. coli strains harbored AmpC- β-lactamase blaCMY and were resistant to ampicillin. One isolate co-carried blaCMY and blaCTX-M genes, though it was negative for the blaTEM gene. Of the 35 isolates that harbored either extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) and/or AmpC β-lactamase genes, six strains (17.14%) were assigned to pathogenic phylogroup F and one to phylogroup E, whereas 28 (80%) isolates belonged to commensal phylogenetic groups.
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Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Salmonella Isolated from Chickens and Humans in Wau, South Sudan. Int J Microbiol 2022. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/8570081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Salmonella infections are a public health problem across the globe. In South Sudan, there is little information regarding the prevalence and antibiotic resistance patterns of Salmonella. Therefore, this study assessed the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of Salmonella isolates from chickens and humans in South Sudan. Fecal samples were collected and cultured on Xylose Lysine Deoxycholate Agar for the isolation of Salmonella and confirmed using biochemical tests and PCR through the amplification of the invA gene. A total of 417 fecal samples were examined, of which 270 (64.7%) were chicken cloacal swabs while 147 (35.3%) were humans’ stool specimens. Results. Eleven (11) Salmonella isolates were isolated from humans while nine were from chickens. All 11 isolates from humans were susceptible to sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, cefotaxime, nalidixic acid, and gentamicin. However, 4 (36.7%) isolates showed resistance to ciprofloxacin, 2 (18.9%) to ampicillin, and 1 (9.1%) to tetracycline. All chicken isolates were susceptible to chloramphenicol, streptomycin, sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, ciprofloxacin, cefotaxime, nalidixic acid, and gentamicin but showed resistance to tetracycline 2 (22.2%) and ampicillin 1 (11.1%). Conclusion. Antimicrobial resistant isolates were isolated in both chickens and humans. Further, MDR isolates were found in both chicken and human samples, and this is a public health concern. This, therefore, calls for concerted efforts to educate producers and consumers on public health, food safety, food hygiene in food production, and enhancement of surveillance programmes on zoonotic bacteria and antimicrobial susceptibility.
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Hoa TTT, Huyen HM, Nakayama T, Minh DTN, Hoang ON, Le Thi H, Thanh PN, Hoai PH, Yamaguchi T, Jinnai M, Do PN, Van CD, Kumeda Y, Hase A. Frequent contamination of edible freshwater fish with colistin-resistant Escherichia coli harbouring the plasmid-mediated mcr-1 gene. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2022; 184:114108. [PMID: 36166861 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.114108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The threat of antimicrobial resistance is increasing. Microbial food contamination poses a serious public health risk; however, there are only a few studies on the prevalence of colistin-resistant Escherichia coli (COL-E) contamination in freshwater fish. This study aimed to characterise the antibiotic resistance genes and antibiotic susceptibility profiles of COL-E in freshwater fish in Vietnam. In total, 103 fish were collected and 63 COL-E were isolated. COL-E was investigated by genotyping mcr and AmpC/extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-related genes. The results show that COL-E and AmpC/ESBL-producing COL-E were confirmed in 24.3 % and 14.6 % of the fish, respectively. Multiplex PCR for mcr-1-9 showed that all 63 COL-E harboured mcr-1, while mcr-3 was detected in 7.9 % of COL-E. The minimum inhibitory concentration of colistin ranged from 2 to 256 μg/mL. Meanwhile, antibiotic susceptibility results show that all COL-E were resistant to ampicillin, streptomycin, and chloramphenicol.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tatsuya Nakayama
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University.
| | | | | | - Hien Le Thi
- Institute of Public Health, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | | | | | | | - Michio Jinnai
- Department of Microbiology, Kanagawa Prefectural Institute of Public Health, Japan
| | | | | | - Yuko Kumeda
- Research Center for Microorganism Control, Osaka Prefecture University, Japan
| | - Atsushi Hase
- Faculty of Contemporary Human Life Science, Tezukayama University, Japan
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Analysis of Salmonella enterica Isolated from a Mixed-Use Watershed in Georgia, USA: Antimicrobial Resistance, Serotype Diversity, and Genetic Relatedness to Human Isolates. Appl Environ Microbiol 2022; 88:e0039322. [PMID: 35532233 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00393-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
As the cases of Salmonella enterica infections associated with contaminated water are increasing, this study was conducted to address the role of surface water as a reservoir of S. enterica serotypes. We sampled rivers and streams (n = 688) over a 3-year period (2015 to 2017) in a mixed-use watershed in Georgia, USA, and 70.2% of the total stream samples tested positive for Salmonella. A total of 1,190 isolates were recovered and characterized by serotyping, antimicrobial susceptibility testing, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). A wide range of serotypes was identified, including those commonly associated with humans and animals, with S. enterica serotype Muenchen being predominant (22.7%) and each serotype exhibiting a high degree of strain diversity by PFGE. About half (46.1%) of the isolates had PFGE patterns indistinguishable from those of human clinical isolates in the CDC PulseNet database. A total of 52 isolates (4.4%) were resistant to antimicrobials, out of which 43 isolates were multidrug resistant (MDR; resistance to two or more classes of antimicrobials). These 52 resistant Salmonella isolates were screened for the presence of antimicrobial resistance genes, plasmid replicons, and class 1 integrons, out of which four representative MDR isolates were selected for whole-genome sequencing analysis. The results showed that 28 MDR isolates resistant to 10 antimicrobials had blacmy-2 on an A/C plasmid. Persistent contamination of surface water with a high diversity of Salmonella strains, some of which are drug resistant and genetically indistinguishable from human isolates, supports a role of environmental surface water as a reservoir for and transmission route of this pathogen. IMPORTANCE Salmonella has been traditionally considered a foodborne pathogen, as it is one of the most common etiologies of foodborne illnesses worldwide; however, recent Salmonella outbreaks attributed to fresh produce and water suggest a potential environmental source of Salmonella that causes some human illnesses. Here, we investigated the prevalence, diversity, and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella isolated from a mixed-use watershed in Georgia, USA, in order to enhance the overall understanding of waterborne Salmonella. The persistence and widespread distribution of Salmonella in surface water confirm environmental sources of the pathogen. A high proportion of waterborne Salmonella with clinically significant serotypes and genetic similarity to strains of human origin supports the role of environmental water as a significant reservoir of Salmonella and indicates a potential waterborne transmission of Salmonella to humans. The presence of antimicrobial-resistant and MDR Salmonella demonstrates additional risks associated with exposure to contaminated environmental water.
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Nakayama T, Le Thi H, Thanh PN, Minh DTN, Hoang ON, Hoai PH, Yamaguchi T, Jinnai M, Do PN, Van CD, Kumeda Y, Hase A. Abundance of colistin-resistant Escherichia coli harbouring mcr-1 and extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing E. coli co-harbouring bla CTX-M-55 or -65 with bla TEM isolates from chicken meat in Vietnam. Arch Microbiol 2022; 204:137. [PMID: 35032196 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-021-02746-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Although the spread of plasmid-mediated antibiotic-resistant bacteria is a public health concern, food contamination with plasmid-mediated antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli in Vietnam has not been well investigated. This study aimed to describe the prevalence of colistin-resistant, carbapenem-resistant, and endemic blaCTX-M in extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producing E. coli isolates. Colistin and carbapenem-resistant ESBL-producing E. coli were isolated from chickens in Vietnam and Japan. Colistin-resistant and AmpC/ESBL-producing E. coli (52% and 93%, respectively) were detected in chickens from Vietnam, in comparison to 52.7%, AmpC/ESBL-producing E. coli found in chicken from Japan. Carbapenem-resistant E. coli has not been isolated in Vietnam and Japan. Genotyping revealed that colistin-resistant E. coli harboured mcr-1, and most of the AmpC/ESBL-related genes were blaCTX-M-55 and blaCTX-M-65 together with blaTEM in Vietnamese chickens and blaCMY-2 in Japanese chickens. Multi-drug resistance analysis showed that ESBL-producing E. coli isolates had greater resistance to quinolones, streptomycin, and chloramphenicol than colistin-resistant E. coli isolates from Vietnam, suggesting the selection of multiple antibiotic resistance genes in ESBL-producing E. coli. In conclusion, colistin-resistant E. coli was detected in approximately half of the chicken samples, the majority of which harboured mcr-1. The high prevalence of ESBL-producing E. coli has remained constant in the last 5 years. The predominant blaCTX-M in ESBL-producing E. coli was blaCTX-M-55 or blaCTX-M-65, with the coexistence of blaTEM in Vietnam. These results can be implemented in monitoring systems to overcome the development of antimicrobial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Nakayama
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-4-4 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan.
- Division of Biomedical Food Research, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan.
| | - Hien Le Thi
- Institute of Public Health, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | | | | | | | | | - Takahiro Yamaguchi
- Department of Microbiology, Osaka Institute of Public Health, Higashinari-ku, Osaka, Japan
| | - Michio Jinnai
- Department of Microbiology, Kanagawa Prefecture Institute of Public Health, Chigasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | | | | | - Yuko Kumeda
- Research Center for Microorganism Control, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka, Japan
| | - Atsushi Hase
- Faculty of Contemporary Human Life Science, Tezukayama University, Nara, Japan
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12
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Bulut E, Ivanek R. Comparison of different biomass methodologies to adjust sales data on veterinary antimicrobials in the USA. J Antimicrob Chemother 2021; 77:827-842. [PMID: 34941994 PMCID: PMC8865012 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkab441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The United States (US) FDA, European Surveillance of Veterinary Antimicrobial Consumption (ESVAC), Public Health Agency of Canada (PHAC) and World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) established methodologies that characterize antimicrobial sales for use in food animals by adjusting the sales by animal biomass. Our aim was to review and compare these methodologies on US-specific data. Methods Annual antimicrobial sales for cattle, swine, chickens and turkeys in the USA between 2016 and 2018 were adjusted by the FDA, ESVAC, PHAC and OIE methodologies. To better understand the advantages and disadvantages of the four methodologies, their biomass denominators were compared regarding the level of detail accounted for in the estimated US livestock biomass, their ability to observe temporal trends in animal biomass within a country and practicality in biomass estimation for comparing antimicrobial sales across countries. Results The four methodologies resulted in substantially different estimates of biomass-adjusted antimicrobial sales for use in US food animals. The 2018 estimates were the highest with the ESVAC methodology (314.7 mg of active antimicrobial ingredient/kg of animal biomass), followed by PHAC (191.5 mg/kg), FDA (127.6 mg/kg) and OIE (111.5 mg/kg). The animal weight parameters used in each methodology had the most impact on the biomass-adjusted sales estimates. Conclusions In regard to the estimation of the animal biomass, no methodology was found to be perfect; however, the FDA methodology had the best resolution in characterizing the US livestock biomass while the OIE methodology was best for biomass estimation for global monitoring of antimicrobial sales for use in food animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ece Bulut
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Renata Ivanek
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
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13
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Isolation and Characterization of Multidrug-Resistant Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. from Healthy and Diseased Turkeys. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:antibiotics9110770. [PMID: 33147736 PMCID: PMC7692380 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9110770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Diseases caused by Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Salmonella spp. can negatively impact turkey farming. The aim of this study was to isolate and characterize multidrug-resistant (MDR) E. coli and Salmonella spp. in healthy and diseased turkeys. A total of 30 fecal samples from healthy turkeys and 25 intestinal samples from diseased turkeys that died of enteritis were collected. Bacterial isolation and identification were based on biochemical properties and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Antibiogram profiles were determined by disk diffusion. The tetracycline-resistance gene tetA was detected by PCR. All samples were positive for E. coli. Only 11 samples (11/30; 36.67%) were positive for Salmonella spp. from healthy turkeys, whereas 16 (16/25; 64%) samples were positive for Salmonella spp. from diseased turkeys. E. coli isolated from diseased turkeys showed higher resistance to levofloxacin, gentamicin, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, streptomycin, and tetracycline. Salmonella spp. isolated from healthy turkeys exhibited higher resistance to gentamicin, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, streptomycin, imipenem, and meropenem. All E. coli and Salmonella spp. from both healthy and diseased turkeys were resistant to erythromycin. Salmonella spp. from both healthy and diseased turkeys were resistant to tetracycline. Multidrug resistance was observed in both E. coli and Salmonella spp. from diseased turkeys. Finally, the tetA gene was detected in 93.1% of the E. coli isolates and in 92.59% of the Salmonella spp. isolates. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to isolate and characterize tetA-gene-containing MDR E. coli and Salmonella spp. from healthy and diseased turkeys in Bangladesh. Both microorganisms are of zoonotic significance and represent a significant public health challenge.
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14
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Zhao S, Li C, Hsu CH, Tyson GH, Strain E, Tate H, Tran TT, Abbott J, McDermott PF. Comparative Genomic Analysis of 450 Strains of Salmonella enterica Isolated from Diseased Animals. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11091025. [PMID: 32883017 PMCID: PMC7564550 DOI: 10.3390/genes11091025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella is a leading cause of bacterial infections in animals and humans. We sequenced a collection of 450 Salmonella strains from diseased animals to better understand the genetic makeup of their virulence and resistance features. The presence of Salmonella pathogenicity islands (SPIs) varied by serotype. S. Enteritidis carried the most SPIs (n = 15), while S. Mbandaka, S. Cerro, S. Meleagridis, and S. Havana carried the least (n = 10). S. Typhimurium, S. Choleraesuis, S. I 4,5,12:i:-, and S. Enteritidis each contained the spv operon on IncFII or IncFII-IncFIB hybrid plasmids. Two S. IIIa carried a spv operon with spvD deletion on the chromosome. Twelve plasmid types including 24 hybrid plasmids were identified. IncA/C was frequently associated with S. Newport (83%) and S. Agona (100%) from bovine, whereas IncFII (100%), IncFIB (100%), and IncQ1 (94%) were seen in S. Choleraesuis from swine. IncX (100%) was detected in all S. Kentucky from chicken. A total of 60 antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs), four disinfectant resistances genes (DRGs) and 33 heavy metal resistance genes (HMRGs) were identified. The Salmonella strains from sick animals contained various SPIs, resistance genes and plasmid types based on the serotype and source of the isolates. Such complicated genomic structures shed light on the strain characteristics contributing to the severity of disease and treatment failures in Salmonella infections, including those causing illnesses in animals.
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15
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Shigemura H, Sakatsume E, Sekizuka T, Yokoyama H, Hamada K, Etoh Y, Carle Y, Mizumoto S, Hirai S, Matsui M, Kimura H, Suzuki M, Onozuka D, Kuroda M, Inoshima Y, Murakami K. Food Workers as a Reservoir of Extended-Spectrum-Cephalosporin-Resistant Salmonella Strains in Japan. Appl Environ Microbiol 2020; 86:e00072-20. [PMID: 32276982 PMCID: PMC7301857 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00072-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Dissemination of extended-spectrum-cephalosporin (ESC)-resistant Salmonella, especially extended-spectrum-β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Salmonella, is a concern worldwide. Here, we assessed Salmonella carriage by food workers in Japan to clarify the prevalence of ESC-resistant Salmonella harboring blaCTX-M We then characterized the genetic features, such as transposable elements, of blaCTX-M-harboring plasmids using whole-genome sequencing. A total of 145,220 stool samples were collected from food workers, including cooks and servers from several restaurants, as well as food factory workers, from January to October 2017. Isolated salmonellae were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing (disk diffusion method), and whole-genome sequencing was performed for Salmonella strains harboring blaCTX-M Overall, 164 Salmonella isolates (0.113%) were recovered from 164 samples, from which we estimated that at least 0.113% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.096 to 0.132%) of food workers may carry Salmonella Based on this estimation, 3,473 (95% CI = 2,962 to 4,047) individuals among the 3,075,330 Japanese food workers are likely to carry Salmonella Of the 158 culturable isolates, seven showed resistance to ESCs: three isolates harbored blaCMY-2 and produced AmpC β-lactamase, while four ESBL-producing isolates harbored blaCTX-M-14 (n = 1, Salmonella enterica serovar Senftenberg) or blaCTX-M-15 (n = 3, S. enterica serovar Haardt). blaCTX-M-15 was chromosomally located in the S Haardt isolates, which also contained ISEcp1, while the S Senftenberg isolate contained an IncFIA(HI1)/IncHI1A/IncHI1B(R27) hybrid plasmid carrying blaCTX-M-14 along with ISEcp1 This study indicates that food workers may be a reservoir of ESBL-producing Salmonella and associated genes. Thus, these workers may contribute to the spread of blaCTX-M via plasmids or mobile genetic elements such as ISEcp1IMPORTANCE Antimicrobial-resistant Salmonella bacteria arise in farm environments through imprudent use of antimicrobials. Subsequently, these antimicrobial-resistant strains, such as extended-spectrum-β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Salmonella, may be transmitted to humans via food animal-derived products. Here, we examined Salmonella carriage among food handlers in Japan. Overall, 164 of 145,220 fecal samples (0.113%) were positive for Salmonella Among the 158 tested isolates, four were identified as ESBL-producing isolates carrying ESBL determinants blaCTX-M-15 or blaCTX-M-14 In all cases, the genes coexisted with ISEcp1, regardless of whether they were located on the chromosome or on a plasmid. Our findings suggest that food workers may be a reservoir of ESBL-producing strains and could contribute to the spread of resistance genes from farm-derived Salmonella to other bacterial species present in the human gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Shigemura
- Division of Pathology and Microbiology, Department of Health Science, Fukuoka Institute of Health and Environmental Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Eri Sakatsume
- Kotobiken Medical Laboratories, Inc., Fukushima, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Sekizuka
- Pathogen Genomics Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | - Yoshiki Etoh
- Division of Pathology and Microbiology, Department of Health Science, Fukuoka Institute of Health and Environmental Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yuki Carle
- Division of Pathology and Microbiology, Department of Health Science, Fukuoka Institute of Health and Environmental Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shiro Mizumoto
- Department of Microbiology, Shizuoka Institute of Environment and Hygiene, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Hirai
- Infectious Disease Surveillance Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mari Matsui
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Kimura
- School of Medical Technology, Faculty of Health Science, Gunma Paz University, Gunma, Japan
| | - Motoi Suzuki
- Infectious Disease Surveillance Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Onozuka
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Makoto Kuroda
- Pathogen Genomics Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuo Inoshima
- Joint Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Koichi Murakami
- Infectious Disease Surveillance Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
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16
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Cho S, Jackson C, Frye J. The prevalence and antimicrobial resistance phenotypes of
Salmonella
,
Escherichia coli
and
Enterococcus
sp. in surface water. Lett Appl Microbiol 2020; 71:3-25. [DOI: 10.1111/lam.13301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Cho
- Bacterial Epidemiology and Antimicrobial Resistance Research Unit United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service Athens GA United States of America
| | - C.R. Jackson
- Bacterial Epidemiology and Antimicrobial Resistance Research Unit United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service Athens GA United States of America
| | - J.G. Frye
- Bacterial Epidemiology and Antimicrobial Resistance Research Unit United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service Athens GA United States of America
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17
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Liao J, Orsi RH, Carroll LM, Wiedmann M. Comparative genomics reveals different population structures associated with host and geographic origin in antimicrobial-resistant Salmonella enterica. Environ Microbiol 2020; 22:2811-2828. [PMID: 32337816 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Genetic variation in a pathogen, including the causative agent of salmonellosis, Salmonella enterica, can occur as a result of eco-evolutionary forces triggered by dissimilarities of ecological niches. Here, we applied comparative genomics to study 90 antimicrobial resistant (AMR) S. enterica isolates from bovine and human hosts in New York and Washington states to understand host- and geographic-associated population structure. Results revealed distinct presence/absence profiles of functional genes and pseudogenes (e.g., virulence genes) associated with bovine and human isolates. Notably, bovine isolates contained significantly more transposase genes but fewer transposase pseudogenes than human isolates, suggesting the occurrence of large-scale transposition in genomes of bovine and human isolates at different times. The high correlation between transposase genes and AMR genes, as well as plasmid replicons, highlights the potential role of horizontally transferred transposons in promoting adaptation to antibiotics. By contrast, a number of potentially geographic-associated single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), rather than geographic-associated genes, were identified. Interestingly, 38% of these SNPs were in genes annotated as cell surface protein-encoding genes, including some essential for antibiotic resistance and host colonization. Overall, different evolutionary forces and limited recent inter-population transmission appear to shape AMR S. enterica population structure in different hosts and geographic origins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingqiu Liao
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.,Graduate Field of Microbiology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Renato Hohl Orsi
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Laura M Carroll
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Martin Wiedmann
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
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18
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Manfreda G, De Cesare A. Campylobacter and Salmonella in poultry and poultry products: hows and whys of molecular typing. WORLD POULTRY SCI J 2019. [DOI: 10.1079/wps200448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G. Manfreda
- Department of Food Science, Alma Mater Studiorum – University of Bologna, Via S. Giacomo 9, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - A. De Cesare
- Department of Food Science, Alma Mater Studiorum – University of Bologna, Via S. Giacomo 9, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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19
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Adenipekun EO, Jackson CR, Ramadan H, Iwalokun BA, Frye JG, Barrett JB, Hiott LM, Woodley TA, House SL, McMillan EA, Sharma P, Oluwadun A. Plasmid Replicons and β-Lactamase-Encoding Genes of Multidrug-Resistant Escherichia coli Isolated from Humans and Food Animals in Lagos, Southwest Nigeria. Microb Drug Resist 2019; 25:1410-1423. [PMID: 31314658 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2018.0305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
As resistance to the β-lactam class of antibiotics has become a worldwide problem, multidrug-resistant (MDR) human (n = 243) and food animal (n = 211) isolates from Lagos, Nigeria were further tested to characterize β-lactamase-encoding genes and plasmid replicons. Four β-lactamase-encoding genes (blaCMY, blaCTX-M, blaOXA, and blaTEM) were detected using PCR-based replicon typing, 13 and 17 different replicons were identified using a subset of MDR E. coli from humans (n = 48) and animals (n = 96), respectively. Replicon types FIB and X2 were detected in equal numbers (2/48; 4.2% each) from human isolates, while type Y (16/96; 16.7%) was the most common type from animals. Only two replicon types, FIB and Y, were detected in both groups; all other types were confined to one group or the other, but not both. Using conjugation, replicon type Y, present in three donors, transferred in all three instances, whereas FIA transferred in 75% (3/4) of the matings. This study showed that β-lactamase genes were prevalent in MDR E. coli from both humans and animals in Nigeria and also contained diverse plasmid replicons. As the replicon-associated genes were mobile, they are likely to continue disseminating among E. coli and facilitating transfer of associated β-lactamase genes in this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eyitayo O Adenipekun
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria.,Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Olabisi Onabanjo University, College of Health Sciences, Sagamu, Nigeria
| | - Charlene R Jackson
- Bacterial Epidemiology and Antimicrobial Resistance Research Unit, Richard B. Russell Research Center, U.S. National Poultry Research Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Athens, Georgia
| | - Hazem Ramadan
- Hygiene and Zoonoses Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Bamidele A Iwalokun
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Olabisi Onabanjo University, College of Health Sciences, Sagamu, Nigeria.,Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Department, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Jonathan G Frye
- Bacterial Epidemiology and Antimicrobial Resistance Research Unit, Richard B. Russell Research Center, U.S. National Poultry Research Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Athens, Georgia
| | - John B Barrett
- Bacterial Epidemiology and Antimicrobial Resistance Research Unit, Richard B. Russell Research Center, U.S. National Poultry Research Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Athens, Georgia
| | - Lari M Hiott
- Bacterial Epidemiology and Antimicrobial Resistance Research Unit, Richard B. Russell Research Center, U.S. National Poultry Research Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Athens, Georgia
| | - Tiffanie A Woodley
- Bacterial Epidemiology and Antimicrobial Resistance Research Unit, Richard B. Russell Research Center, U.S. National Poultry Research Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Athens, Georgia
| | - Sandra L House
- Bacterial Epidemiology and Antimicrobial Resistance Research Unit, Richard B. Russell Research Center, U.S. National Poultry Research Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Athens, Georgia
| | | | - Poonam Sharma
- Bacterial Epidemiology and Antimicrobial Resistance Research Unit, Richard B. Russell Research Center, U.S. National Poultry Research Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Athens, Georgia
| | - Afolabi Oluwadun
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
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20
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21
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Zhang Y, Tian J, Li K, Tian H, Xu W. Label-free visual biosensor based on cascade amplification for the detection of Salmonella. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1075:144-151. [PMID: 31196420 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Salmonella is a widely distributed, extremely harmful bacteria, the presence of which requires confirmation via an on-site visual biosensor. In this study, we constructed a label-free, cascade amplification visualization biosensor for the sensitive and rapid detection of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhimurium based on the RDTG principle (recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA), duplex-specific enzyme (DSN) cleavage, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) extension and G-quadruplexes output). Following DNA extraction of Salmonella spp., the first step in the construction involved the recognition and amplification of nucleic acids, carried out by RPA, to achieve the first signal amplification within 10 min. This RPA product was then specifically cleaved by DSN to produce a large number of small double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) products with 3'-OH within 15 min to achieve the second signal amplification. Thereafter, TdT was employed to empower these small 3'-OH dsDNA products to extend and produce a large number of long G-rich single-stranded DNAs (ssDNAs) within 20 min, thus realizing the third signal increase. These long G-rich ssDNA products displayed a color change that could be directly observed through the naked eye by adding H2O2/3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB). The RDTG biosensor for the detection of Salmonella spp. has several advantages, including a low limit of 6 cfu/mL. It is an isothermal-free instrument, simple to operate, with a rapid detection time of less than 1.5 h. Furthermore, it can be visually characterized and quantified by a microplate reader to detect Salmonella spp., in food and environmental samples, and it has broad application prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology Agricultural University of Hebei, 071001, Baoding, China; Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Jingjing Tian
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Kai Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Hongtao Tian
- College of Food Science and Technology Agricultural University of Hebei, 071001, Baoding, China.
| | - Wentao Xu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China; Key Laboratory of Safety Assessment of Genetically Modified Organism (Food Safety), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100083, China.
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22
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Hu J, Huang R, Wang Y, Wei X, Wang Z, Geng Y, Jing J, Gao H, Sun X, Dong C, Jiang C. Development of duplex PCR-ELISA for simultaneous detection of Salmonella spp. and Escherichia coli O157: H7 in food. J Microbiol Methods 2018; 154:127-133. [PMID: 30393180 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2018.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In the current study, a duplex PCR-ELISA method was developed targeting the specific genes, invA of Salmonella spp. and rfbE of Escherichia coli O157: H7, to detect one or both bacteria in food. In brief, PCR product amplified by PCR primer labeled with digoxin at the 5'-end and a probe labeled with biotin at the 3'-end can form dimer by nucleic acid hybridization which can be captured by binding of biotin to streptomycin coated in ELISA plate before using enzyme-labeled anti-digoxin antibody and substrate to develop color. Also, evaluation of the duplex PCR-ELISA method was conducted in different food samples including milk, juice, cabbage, shrimp, chicken, pork and beef. Results indicated that the duplex PCR-ELISA developed here was specific when using 25 non-target bacteria strains as controls and was sensitive with a limit of detection (LOD) of 1 CFU/mL, 1, 000 times higher than that of the duplex PCR method and was repeatable regardless of inter- and intra-batch variations. The duplex PCR-ELISA method established in the present study has proven to be highly specific, sensitive and repeatable. It has the potential to be applied in such fields as clinical diagnosis of food-borne diseases, food hygiene monitoring and pathogen detection in food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinqiang Hu
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan Province, China; International Joint Laboratory of Food Safety, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan Province, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Production and Safety, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan Province, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Cold Chain Food Quality and Safety Control, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan Province, China.
| | - Runna Huang
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan Province, China
| | - Yi Wang
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan Province, China
| | - Xiangke Wei
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan Province, China
| | - Zhangcun Wang
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan Province, China
| | - Yao Geng
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan Province, China; International Joint Laboratory of Food Safety, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan Province, China
| | - Jianzhou Jing
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan Province, China; International Joint Laboratory of Food Safety, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan Province, China
| | - Hui Gao
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan Province, China; International Joint Laboratory of Food Safety, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan Province, China
| | - Xincheng Sun
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan Province, China; International Joint Laboratory of Food Safety, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan Province, China
| | - Caiwen Dong
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan Province, China
| | - Chunpeng Jiang
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan Province, China
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Contribution of Healthy Chickens to Antimicrobial-ResistantEscherichia coliAssociated with Human Extraintestinal Infections in Egypt. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2018; 18:408-416. [DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2017.2237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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24
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Cao G, Allard M, Hoffmann M, Muruvanda T, Luo Y, Payne J, Meng K, Zhao S, McDermott P, Brown E, Meng J. Sequence Analysis of IncA/C and IncI1 Plasmids Isolated from Multidrug-Resistant Salmonella Newport Using Single-Molecule Real-Time Sequencing. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2018; 15:361-371. [DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2017.2385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Guojie Cao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Joint Institute for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, College Park, Maryland
| | - Marc Allard
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, College Park, Maryland
| | - Maria Hoffmann
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, College Park, Maryland
| | - Tim Muruvanda
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, College Park, Maryland
| | - Yan Luo
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, College Park, Maryland
| | - Justin Payne
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, College Park, Maryland
| | - Kevin Meng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California
| | - Shaohua Zhao
- Division of Animal and Food Microbiology, Office of Research, Center for Veterinary Medicine, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, Maryland
| | - Patrick McDermott
- Division of Animal and Food Microbiology, Office of Research, Center for Veterinary Medicine, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, Maryland
| | - Eric Brown
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, College Park, Maryland
| | - Jianghong Meng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Joint Institute for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
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Kim J, Coble DJ, Salyards GW, Habing GG. Comparative Review of Antimicrobial Resistance in Humans and Nonhuman Primates. Comp Med 2018; 68:124-130. [PMID: 29663937 PMCID: PMC5897968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) presents serious threats to human and animal health. Although AMR of pathogens is often evaluated independently between humans and animals, comparative analysis of AMR between humans and animals is necessary for zoonotic pathogens. Major surveillance systems monitor AMR of zoonotic pathogens in humans and food animals, but comprehensive AMR data in veterinary medicine is not diligently monitored for most animal species with which humans commonly contact, including NHP. The objective of this review is to provide a complete report of the prevalences of AMR among zoonotic bacteria that present the greatest threats to NHP, occupational, and public health. High prevalences of AMR exist among Shigella, Campylobacter, and Yersinia, including resistance to antimicrobials important to public health, such as macrolides. Despite improvements in regulations, standards, policies, practices, and zoonotic awareness, occupational exposures to and illnesses due to zoonotic pathogens continue to be reported and, given the documented prevalences of AMR, constitute an occupational and public health risk. However, published literature is sparse, thus indicating the need for veterinarians to proactively monitor AMR in dangerous zoonotic bacteria, to enable veterinarians to make more informed decisions to maximize antimicrobial therapy and minimize occupational risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Kim
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Dondrae J Coble
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Laboratory Animal Resources, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Gregory W Salyards
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California-Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Gregory G Habing
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,
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26
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Shigemura H, Matsui M, Sekizuka T, Onozuka D, Noda T, Yamashita A, Kuroda M, Suzuki S, Kimura H, Fujimoto S, Oishi K, Sera N, Inoshima Y, Murakami K. Decrease in the prevalence of extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant Salmonella following cessation of ceftiofur use by the Japanese poultry industry. Int J Food Microbiol 2018; 274:45-51. [PMID: 29626788 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2018.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2017] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Extended-spectrum cephalosporin (ESC)-resistant Salmonella in chicken meat is a significant food safety concern. We previously reported that the prevalence of ESC-resistant Salmonella in chicken meat, giblets, and processed chicken (chicken meat products) increased in Japan between 2005 and 2010, with 27.9% (17/61) of Salmonella isolated from chicken meat products in 2010 showing resistance to ESC. The aims of the present study were to clarify trends in the prevalence of ESC-resistant Salmonella in chicken meat products in Japan between 2011 and 2015, and to determine the genetic profiles of bla-harboring plasmids, including replicon types, using next-generation sequencing. Our results showed that the prevalence of ESC-resistant Salmonella, mainly consisting of AmpC β-lactamase CMY-2-producing isolates, in chicken meat products had increased to 45.5% (10/22) by 2011. However, following the voluntary cessation of ceftiofur use by the Japanese poultry industry in 2012, the prevalence of ESC-resistant Salmonella steadily decreased each year, to 29.2% (7/24), 18.2% (4/22), 10.5% (2/19), and 10.5% (2/19) in 2012, 2013, 2014, and 2015, respectively. Furthermore, no AmpC β-lactamase CMY-2-producing isolates were identified in 2014 and 2015. However, the prevalence of Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar Manhattan isolates harboring a blaTEM-52-carrying IncX1 plasmid remained steady even after the cessation of ceftiofur use. Therefore, continuous monitoring of ESC resistance amongst Salmonella isolates from chicken meat products is required for food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Shigemura
- Division of Pathology and Bacteriology, Department of Health Science, Fukuoka Institute of Health and Environmental Sciences, 39 Mukaizano, Dazaifu, Fukuoka 818-0135, Japan
| | - Mari Matsui
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 4-2-1 Aobachou, Higashimurayama, Tokyo 189-0002, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Sekizuka
- Pathogen Genomics Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Daisuke Onozuka
- Department of Health Communication, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Tamie Noda
- Fukuoka Kitachikugo Office for Health, Human Services and Environmental Issues, 1642-1 Aikawa-machi Kurume, Fukuoka 839-0861, Japan
| | - Akifumi Yamashita
- Pathogen Genomics Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Makoto Kuroda
- Pathogen Genomics Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Satowa Suzuki
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 4-2-1 Aobachou, Higashimurayama, Tokyo 189-0002, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Kimura
- School of Medical Technology, Faculty of Health Science, Gunma Paz University, 1-7-1, Tonyamachi, Takasaki-shi, Gunma 370-0006, Japan
| | - Shuji Fujimoto
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Kazunori Oishi
- Infectious Disease Surveillance Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 4-7-1 Gakuen, Musashimurayama, Tokyo 208-0011, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Sera
- Division of Pathology and Bacteriology, Department of Health Science, Fukuoka Institute of Health and Environmental Sciences, 39 Mukaizano, Dazaifu, Fukuoka 818-0135, Japan
| | - Yasuo Inoshima
- Joint Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Koichi Murakami
- Infectious Disease Surveillance Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 4-7-1 Gakuen, Musashimurayama, Tokyo 208-0011, Japan.
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Ramadan H, Ibrahim N, Samir M, Abd El-Moaty A, Gad T. Aeromonas hydrophilafrom marketed mullet (Mugil cephalus) in Egypt: PCR characterization ofβ-lactam resistance and virulence genes. J Appl Microbiol 2018; 124:1629-1637. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.13734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H. Ramadan
- Hygiene and Zoonoses Department; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Mansoura University; Mansoura 35516 Egypt
| | - N. Ibrahim
- Bacteriology, Mycology and Immunology Department; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Mansoura University; Mansoura 35516 Egypt
| | - M. Samir
- Zoonoses Department; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Zagazig University; Zagazig 44511 Egypt
| | - A. Abd El-Moaty
- Bacteriology, Mycology and Immunology Department; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Mansoura University; Mansoura 35516 Egypt
| | - T. Gad
- Food Hygiene and Control Department; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Mansoura University; Mansoura 35516 Egypt
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28
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Deng W, Quan Y, Yang S, Guo L, Zhang X, Liu S, Chen S, Zhou K, He L, Li B, Gu Y, Zhao S, Zou L. Antibiotic Resistance in Salmonella from Retail Foods of Animal Origin and Its Association with Disinfectant and Heavy Metal Resistance. Microb Drug Resist 2017; 24:782-791. [PMID: 29039715 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2017.0127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to demonstrate the antibiotic resistance and its association with disinfectant and heavy metal resistance in 152 Salmonella isolates recovered from retail foods of animal origins. Susceptibility testing demonstrated that 92.8% isolates were resistant to at least one antibiotic, and the resistance was highest to oxytetracycline (80.9%), followed by trimethoprim (64.5%), amoxicillin (28.9%), ampicillin (28.3%), levofloxacin (21.7%), ciprofloxacin (16.4%), and gentamicin (10.5%), respectively. The blaTEM and tetA genes (44.7%) were commonly present. The qacF and qacEΔ1 genes were detected in 18.4% and 8.6% of all isolates. The Cu-resistance genes pcoR, pcoC, and pcoA were the most prevalent (20.4-40.8%), followed by Hg-resistance gene merA (17.8%) and As-resistance genes arsB (6.6%). The antibiotic resistance was highly associated with disinfectant or certain heavy metal resistance genes. Most notably, the association among Cu-resistance genes (pcoC, pcoR), disinfectant resistance genes (qacF, qacEΔ1), and tetracycline and sulfonamide resistance genes (tet, sul) was significant (p < 0.05). Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis revealed that Salmonella isolates was associated with supermarkets indicating the possibility of crosscontamination in farms or processing environment. This study indicated that retail meats may be a reservoir for the dissemination of antibiotic-resistant Salmonella and using disinfectants for decontamination or metals in livestock may provide a pressure for coselecting strains with acquired resistance to other antimicrobials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Deng
- 1 Department of Applied Microbiology, College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Quan
- 2 Clinical Laboratory, Taizhou Second People's Hospital , Jiangyan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengzhi Yang
- 1 Department of Applied Microbiology, College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijuan Guo
- 1 Department of Applied Microbiology, College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuli Zhang
- 3 Inspection and Testing Center, Henan Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuliang Liu
- 4 College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University , Ya'an, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shujuan Chen
- 4 College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University , Ya'an, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Kang Zhou
- 4 College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University , Ya'an, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Li He
- 4 College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University , Ya'an, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Bei Li
- 5 Lab of Microbiology, Dujiangyan Campus of Sichuan Agricultural University , Dujiangyan, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunfu Gu
- 1 Department of Applied Microbiology, College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaohua Zhao
- 6 Division of Animal and Food Microbiology, Office of Research, Center for Veterinary Medicine , U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, Maryland
| | - Likou Zou
- 1 Department of Applied Microbiology, College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu, People's Republic of China
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29
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Muñoz-Vargas L, Finney SK, Hutchinson H, Masterson MA, Habing G. Impact of Clinical Salmonellosis in Veal Calves on the Recovery of Salmonella in Lymph Nodes at Harvest. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2017; 14:678-685. [PMID: 28910140 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2017.2303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence, serotypes, antimicrobial resistance phenotypes, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) patterns of Salmonella recovered in feces and mesenteric and prefemoral lymph nodes (LNs) from cohorts of calves with and without a confirmed outbreak of salmonellosis. In a prospective cohort study, 160 calves from four farms without a reported outbreak (nonoutbreak farms) were sampled at farm and harvest. In addition, harvest samples from 80 calves of two farms with a confirmed outbreak (outbreak farms) were collected. A culture protocol for Salmonella isolation was applied for all samples and recovered isolates were further characterized by serotyping, antimicrobial susceptibility testing, and PFGE. Among nonoutbreak farms, Salmonella was recovered from 0% (0/160) farm fecal samples, 3.7% (6/160) harvest fecal swabs, 21.9% (35/160) mesenteric LNs, and 0.6% (1/160) prefemoral LNs. Serotypes identified in nonoutbreak herds included Salmonella Typhimurium, Cerro, Hartford, and Newport. Most isolates (64.3%, 27/42) exhibited a unique multidrug-resistant (MDR) phenotype, including resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins. Salmonella prevalence in harvest fecal samples and prefemoral LNs among calves from outbreak farms was numerically higher, but not significantly different than those without an outbreak. Serotypes recovered from outbreak farms included Salmonella Heidelberg and Typhimurium, and the monophasic Salmonella Typhimurium strains 4,5,12:i:- and 4,12:i:-, which have been also reported as highly pathogenic in humans. All isolates (33/33) exhibited an MDR phenotype. Salmonella strains recovered from ill calves in two outbreaks had indistinguishable PFGE patterns, suggesting between-farm transmission. In addition, the genotype of Salmonella Heidelberg causing an outbreak among calves was recovered from three prefemoral LNs of surviving members of the cohort at harvest. Implementation of preharvest biosecurity measures (limited personnel and visitor traffic, vehicle, footwear, and utensils disinfection) should be highly recommended to decrease the prevalence of Salmonella on farms and safeguard the food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lohendy Muñoz-Vargas
- 1 Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University , Columbus, Ohio
| | - Sarah K Finney
- 1 Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University , Columbus, Ohio
| | - Holden Hutchinson
- 2 Department of Animal Sciences, College of Food, Agricultural, and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University , Columbus, Ohio
| | - Margaret A Masterson
- 1 Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University , Columbus, Ohio
| | - Greg Habing
- 1 Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University , Columbus, Ohio
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30
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Zhao Y, Jiang X, Qu Y, Pan R, Pang X, Jiang Y, Man C. Salmonella detection in powdered dairy products using a novel molecular tool. J Dairy Sci 2017; 100:3480-3496. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2016-12535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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31
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Phenotypic and genetic characterization of β-lactam resistance in Klebsiella from retail chicken meat in Mansoura, Egypt. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY 2017; 9:74-81. [PMID: 29213998 PMCID: PMC5715280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES This study was undertaken to characterize antimicrobial resistance phenotypes and genes encoding extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) in Klebsiella isolated from retail chicken meat in Mansoura, Egypt. MATERIALS AND METHODS Three hundred sixty chicken meat samples from 120 eviscerated chicken carcasses (3 cuts each) collected randomly from local retail chicken shops in Mansoura, Egypt during the period from April to June 2015, were assayed for the presence of Klebsiella by conventional bacteriological methods. Antimicrobial sensitivity for 12 antimicrobials using disk diffusion, ESBL phenotypic confirmation and PCR characterization of ESBL-encoding genes (blaTEM , blaCTX-M , blaOXA , blaSHV and blaCMY ) were performed. RESULTS Klebsiella was identified from 22.2% (80/360) of the samples. Of the 12 antimicrobials tested, multidrug resistance (MDR; resistance to ≥3 of the antimicrobial classes) was observed in 96.25% (77/80) of the Klebsiella isolates. All the isolates were resistant to cefotaxime, ceftriaxone and aztreonam. ESBL-producers were phenotypically confirmed in 48.75% (39/80) of the isolates. The highest values (0.75 and 0.67) of multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) significantly occurred in ESBL-producing isolates. PCR findings showed a significantly higher occurrence of β-lactamase encoding genes in ESBL (94.9%, 37/39) than non-ESBL producing isolates (4.9%, 2/41). The distribution of blaTEM , blaCTX-M and blaOXA among ESBL-producing isolates was 84.6%, 30.8% and 25.6%, respectively. CONCLUSION Efficient monitoring and tracking of MDR, especially β-lactam resistance, in food sources is essential to predict the potential hazards for human infections.
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32
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Shehata HR, Griffiths MW, Raizada MN. Seeds of the Wild Progenitor of Maize Possess Bacteria That Antagonize Foodborne Pathogens. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2017; 14:202-209. [DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2016.2225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hanan R. Shehata
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Mansel W. Griffiths
- Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
- Canadian Research Institute for Food Safety, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Manish N. Raizada
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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33
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Beriş FŞ, Akyildiz E, Özad Düzgün A, Say Coşkun US, Sandalli C, Çopur Çiçek A. A Novel Integron Gene Cassette Harboring VIM-38 Metallo-β-lactamase in a Clinical Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolate. Ann Lab Med 2017; 36:611-3. [PMID: 27578518 PMCID: PMC5011118 DOI: 10.3343/alm.2016.36.6.611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Revised: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Fatih Şaban Beriş
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts & Sciences, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Esma Akyildiz
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts & Sciences, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Azer Özad Düzgün
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Gümüşhane University, Gümüşhane, Turkey
| | - Umut Safiye Say Coşkun
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Gaziosmanpaşa University, Tokat, Turkey
| | - Cemal Sandalli
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts & Sciences, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University, Rize, Turkey.
| | - Ayşegül Çopur Çiçek
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
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34
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Tripathi V, Tripathi P. Antibiotic Resistance Genes: An Emerging Environmental Pollutant. PERSPECTIVES IN ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-46248-6_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
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35
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Furukawa I, Ishihara T, Teranishi H, Saito S, Yatsuyanagi J, Wada E, Kumagai Y, Takahashi S, Konno T, Kashio H, Kobayashi A, Kato N, Hayashi KI, Fukushima K, Ishikawa K, Horikawa K, Oishi A, Izumiya H, Ohnishi T, Konishi Y, Kuroki T. Prevalence and Characteristics of Salmonella and Campylobacter in Retail Poultry Meat in Japan. Jpn J Infect Dis 2016; 70:239-247. [PMID: 27580577 DOI: 10.7883/yoken.jjid.2016.164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study was performed to determine the prevalence, antimicrobial susceptibility, and genetic relatedness of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica and Campylobacter spp. in poultry meat, and to analyze the association of genetic types of these bacteria with their geographical distribution and antimicrobial resistance profiles. Salmonella and Campylobacter isolates have been detected, respectively, in 54 and 71 samples out of 100 samples tested. Nine Salmonella serotypes were found, including S. enterica subsp. enterica serovar Infantis (33%), Schwarzengrund (12%), Manhattan (9%), and others. Campylobacter jejuni and C. coli were detected in 64 (64%) and 14 (14%) samples, respectively. S. enterica subsp. enterica isolates were very frequently resistant to tetracycline (78.3%) and streptomycin (68.3%). Many C. jejuni and C. coli isolates were resistant to sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (90.5%), nalidixic acid (47.3%), ampicillin (45.9%), and ciprofloxacin (40.5%). Cluster analysis was performed for the Salmonella isolates using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) data. For Campylobacter isolates, the cluster analysis was based on both PFGE and comparative genomic fingerprinting. The molecular typing results were compared with the information about antimicrobial resistance and geographical locations in which the poultry meat was produced. This analysis revealed that C. jejuni strains with a particular genotype and antimicrobial resistance profile are spreading in specific areas of Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ichiro Furukawa
- Department of Microbiology, Kanagawa Prefectural Institute of Public Health
| | - Tomoe Ishihara
- Department of Microbiology, Kanagawa Prefectural Institute of Public Health
| | - Hiroshi Teranishi
- Department of Regional Hygiene Inspection, Kanagawa Prefectural Institute of Public Health
| | - Shioko Saito
- Division of Planning and Administration Office, Akita Research Center for Public Health and Environment
| | - Jun Yatsuyanagi
- Division of Hygiene, Akita Research Center for Public Health and Environment
| | - Eriko Wada
- Division of Hygiene, Akita Research Center for Public Health and Environment
| | - Yuko Kumagai
- Division of Hygiene, Akita Research Center for Public Health and Environment
| | - Shiho Takahashi
- Division of Hygiene, Akita Research Center for Public Health and Environment
| | - Takayuki Konno
- Division of Hygiene, Akita Research Center for Public Health and Environment
| | - Hiroko Kashio
- Division of Hygiene, Akita Research Center for Public Health and Environment
| | | | - Naoki Kato
- Saitama City Institute of Health Science and Research
| | - Ken-Ichi Hayashi
- Microbiology group, Shiga Prefectural Institute of Public Health
| | | | | | - Kazumi Horikawa
- Department of Health Science, Fukuoka Institute of Health and Environmental Sciences
| | - Akira Oishi
- Department of Health Science, Fukuoka Institute of Health and Environmental Sciences
| | - Hidemasa Izumiya
- Department of Bacteriology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases
| | - Takahiro Ohnishi
- Division of Microbiology, National Institutes of Health Sciences
| | - Yoshiko Konishi
- Department of Food and Life Sciences, The Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Azabu University
| | - Toshiro Kuroki
- Department of Microbiology, Kanagawa Prefectural Institute of Public Health
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36
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Identification of Salmonella enterica Typhimurium and variants using a novel multiplex PCR assay. Food Control 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2016.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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37
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Patterson SK, Singer RS. Development of a Polymerase Chain Reaction Assay for the Detection of Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Community DNA. J Vet Diagn Invest 2016; 18:172-81. [PMID: 16617698 DOI: 10.1177/104063870601800206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Many methods are used to detect antibiotic resistance genes in samples. The objective of the study reported here was to compare polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis of community DNA with fecal culturing for detecting antibiotic resistance genes in cattle samples. In the laboratory-based portion of this study, known concentrations of an Escherichia coli strain with 3 antibiotic resistance genes ( cmy-2, flo, and cat) were added to feces from dairy cattle. These genes were used to assess the effect of various primer pairs, chromosomally versus plasmid-encoded genes, and gene copy number on the sensitivity of PCR amplification. Gene-specific PCR amplification was performed on the community DNA extracted from the feces. Feces were cultured for the inoculated strain. In the field-based portion of the study, 80 cattle fecal samples of unknown gene status were compared by use of similar methods. Culture and PCR amplification from community DNA extractions produced variable results, and this variability was most noticeable at dilutions that approached the detection limit of the assay. Typically, PCR amplification had a higher sensitivity than did culture for detecting the gene of interest. However, the sensitivity of culture was improved by plating on selective media containing antibiotics. The community DNA approach enables assessment of bacterial communities in complex samples such as feces, a task that can be prohibitive by budget or time constraints associated with culture methods. Through a strategic combination of culture and community DNA approaches, the relationship between specific selection pressures and the persistence and dissemination of specific resistance genes can be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheila K Patterson
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana 61802, USA
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Amini V, Kazemian H, Yamchi JK, Feyisa SG, Aslani S, Shavalipour A, Houri H, Hoorijani M, Halaji M, Heidari H. Evaluation of the Immunogenicity of Diphtheria Toxoid Conjugated to Salmonella Typhimurium-Derived OPS in a Mouse Model: A Potential Vaccine Candidate Against Salmonellosis. IRANIAN RED CRESCENT MEDICAL JOURNAL 2016; 18:e34135. [PMID: 27660722 PMCID: PMC5027132 DOI: 10.5812/ircmj.34135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Revised: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) causes gastroenteritis in humans and paratyphoid disease in some animals. Given the emergence of antibiotic resistance, vaccines are more effective than chemotherapy in disease control. Objectives The aim of this experimental study was to evaluate the immunogenicity of diphtheria toxoid (DT) conjugated with S. Typhimurium -derived OPS (O side chain isolation) in mice to determine its potential as a vaccine candidate against salmonellosis. Materials and Methods Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was extracted from the bacterial strain. After isolation of the O side chain of LPS, detoxification, and conjugation of the detoxified OPS samples with DT, pyrogenicity, toxicity, and sterility tests were performed. To vaccination, four groups of female Balb/c mice were used in an immunization test. Antibody responses were measured by the ELISA method. Challenging processes were performed to analyze the efficacy of the OPS-DT compound. Results Two weeks after the first vaccination dose, there was no significant difference in the antibody titers of the OPS and OPS-DT groups. However, after the second and third doses, the antibody titers of the OPS-DT group increased significantly compared with those of the control groups (P < 0.001). The induction of anti-OPS antibodies was as follows: OPS-DT>OPS. The most anti-OPS IgG antibody was IgG1. Challenging procedure showed successful protective characteristics in clinical examinations. Conclusions The results indicated that DT increased anti-OPS antibodies against the OPS-DT compound. The antibody response to OPS-DT was greater than that to OPS alone. We conclude that OPS-DT is an appropriate and acceptable vaccine candidate against salmonellosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahid Amini
- Department of Microbiology, Zanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zanjan, IR Iran
| | - Hossein Kazemian
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Jalil Kardan Yamchi
- Department of Pathobiology, Division of Microbiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Seifu Gizaw Feyisa
- Tehran University of Medical Sciences, International Campus (TUMS-IC), Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Saeed Aslani
- Department of Immunology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Aref Shavalipour
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Hamidreza Houri
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Mohammadneshvan Hoorijani
- Department of Microbiology, Kurdistan Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj, IR Iran
| | - Mehrdad Halaji
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR Iran
| | - Hamid Heidari
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR Iran
- Corresponding Author: Hamid Heidari, Department of Bacteriology and Virology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Zand st., Shiraz, IR Iran. Tel: +98-9386312941, E-mail:
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Antimicrobial Resistance in Salmonella in the United States from 1948 to 1995. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2016; 60:2567-71. [PMID: 26856840 DOI: 10.1128/aac.02536-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We conducted a retrospective study of 2,149 clinicalSalmonellastrains to help document the historical emergence of antimicrobial resistance. There were significant increases in resistance to older drugs, including ampicillin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, sulfamethoxazole, and tetracycline, which were most common inSalmonella entericaserotype Typhimurium. An increase in multidrug resistance was observed for each decade since the 1950s. These data help show howSalmonellaevolved over the past 6 decades, after the introduction of new antimicrobial agents.
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Arais LR, Barbosa AV, Carvalho CA, Cerqueira AMF. Antimicrobial resistance, integron carriage, and gyrA and gyrB mutations in Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from dogs with otitis externa and pyoderma in Brazil. Vet Dermatol 2016; 27:113-7e31. [PMID: 26833540 DOI: 10.1111/vde.12290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pseudomonas aeruginosa is associated with otitis and pyoderma in dogs and is frequently resistant to several antimicrobial drugs. Resistance genes can be carried by integrons with quinolone resistance mainly due to mutations in DNA topoisomerases II and IV. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the antimicrobial susceptibility, integron carriage, and gyrA and gyrB mutations in P. aeruginosa isolates from canine otitis and pyoderma. ANIMALS One hundred and four P. aeruginosa strains isolated from dogs with otitis externa (n = 93) and pyoderma (n = 11). METHODS Antimicrobial susceptibility against 16 antibacterial agents was evaluated through agar diffusion tests. Integron carriage, class and gyrA and gyrB mutations were analysed by PCR, restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP)-PCR and genetic sequencing assays. RESULTS Isolates were mostly resistant to enrofloxacin (72.2%) and ticarcillin (59.7%). Lower resistance to ciprofloxacin (7.7%), tobramycin (3.8%) and polymixin B (0.0%) was detected. Ten (9.6%) multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains were detected. Eight (7.7%) strains carried class 1 integrons and this was associated with MDR (three isolates, P ≤ 0.05). Five of the integron-carrying strains exhibited aminoglycoside resistance genes. Mutations of gyrA and gyrB were observed in 10 isolates, seven of them resistant to all fluoroquinolones tested. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Enrofloxacin and ticarcilin resistance was widespread in P. aeruginosa isolated from dogs in Brazil. Pseudomonas aeruginosa carrying integrons may present a significant challenge for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lavicie R Arais
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Federal Fluminense University (UFF), Rua Hernani Mello, 101, Niterói, 24210130, RJ, Brazil
| | - André V Barbosa
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Federal Fluminense University (UFF), Rua Hernani Mello, 101, Niterói, 24210130, RJ, Brazil
| | - Cristiane A Carvalho
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Federal Fluminense University (UFF), Rua Hernani Mello, 101, Niterói, 24210130, RJ, Brazil
| | - Aloysio M F Cerqueira
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Federal Fluminense University (UFF), Rua Hernani Mello, 101, Niterói, 24210130, RJ, Brazil
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Hsieh YC, Poole TL, Runyon M, Hume M, Herrman TJ. Prevalence of Nontyphoidal Salmonella and Salmonella Strains with Conjugative Antimicrobial-Resistant Serovars Contaminating Animal Feed in Texas. J Food Prot 2016; 79:194-204. [PMID: 26818979 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-15-163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to characterize 365 nontyphoidal Salmonella enterica isolates from animal feed. Among the 365 isolates, 78 serovars were identified. Twenty-four isolates (7.0%) were recovered from three of six medicated feed types. Three of these isolates derived from the medicated feed, Salmonella Newport, Salmonella Typhimurium var. O 5- (Copenhagen), and Salmonella Lexington var. 15+ (Manila), displayed antimicrobial resistance. Susceptibility testing revealed that only 3.0% (12) of the 365 isolates displayed resistance to any of the antimicrobial agents. These 12 isolates were recovered from unmedicated dry beef feed (n = 3), medicated dry beef feed (n = 3), cabbage culls (n = 2), animal protein products (n = 2), dry dairy cattle feed (n = 1), and fish meal (n = 1). Only Salmonella Newport and Salmonella Typhimurium var. O 5- (Copenhagen) were multidrug resistant. Both isolates possessed the IncA/C replicon and the blaCMY-2 gene associated with cephalosporin resistance. Plasmid replicons were amplified from 4 of 12 resistant isolates. Plasmids (40 kb) were Salmonella Montevideo and Salmonella Kentucky. Conjugation experiments were done using 7 of the 12 resistant isolates as donors. Only Salmonella Montevideo, possessing a plasmid and amplifying IncN, produced transconjugants. Transconjugants displayed the same antimicrobial resistance profile as did the donor isolate. Three isolates that amplified replicons corresponding to IncA/C or IncHI2 did not produce transconjugants at 30 or 37°C. The results of this study suggest that the prevalence of antimicrobial-resistant Salmonella contaminating animal feed is low in Texas. However, Salmonella was more prevalent in feed by-products; fish meal had the highest prevalence (84%) followed by animal protein products (48%). Ten of the 35 feed types had no Salmonella contamination. Further investigation is needed to understand the possible role of specific feed types in the dissemination of antimicrobial resistant bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Cheng Hsieh
- Office of the Texas State Chemist, Texas Agricultural Experiment Station, Texas A&M University System, College Station, Texas 77843, USA.
| | - Toni L Poole
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, College Station, Texas 77845, USA
| | - Mick Runyon
- Office of the Texas State Chemist, Texas Agricultural Experiment Station, Texas A&M University System, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - Michael Hume
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, College Station, Texas 77845, USA
| | - Timothy J Herrman
- Office of the Texas State Chemist, Texas Agricultural Experiment Station, Texas A&M University System, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
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Kuang D, Xu X, Meng J, Yang X, Jin H, Shi W, Pan H, Liao M, Su X, Shi X, Zhang J. Antimicrobial susceptibility, virulence gene profiles and molecular subtypes of Salmonella Newport isolated from humans and other sources. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2015; 36:294-299. [PMID: 26440729 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2015.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2015] [Revised: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Salmonella Newport (S. Newport) is a major serotype associated with human salmonellosis. A total of 79 S. Newport recovered from humans and other sources in China were characterized for antimicrobial susceptibility, virulence gene profiles and molecular subtypes using pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Approximately 63.3% of the isolates were susceptible to all of 16 antimicrobials tested. Nearly one third of the isolates (31.6%) were resistant to sulfisoxazole, 20.3% to tetracycline and 13.9% to nalidixic acid. Twelve isolates (15.2%) were resistant to three or more antimicrobials. Among 10 virulence genes detected, Salmonella pathogenicity island genes avrA, ssaQ, mgtC, siiD, and sopB and fimbrial gene bcfC were present in most of the isolates (93.7% to 100%). Overall, we observed nine distinct virulence gene profiles, three of which (VP1, VP2 and VP3) were most common (86.1%). A total of 56 PFGE patterns were identified and mainly grouped into seven clusters (A to G) with 80% pattern similarity. Isolates from aquatic product shared a high similarity with those from humans in several clusters, highlighting a potential risk of aquatic product as a source of S. Newport that infect humans. Furthermore, there was a strong association between certain PFGE clusters and virulence gene profiles, suggesting virulence subtyping can be a useful epidemiological tool to discriminate S. Newport isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dai Kuang
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuebin Xu
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianghong Meng
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Xiaowei Yang
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huiming Jin
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Weimin Shi
- Shanghai Municipal Ke-Ma-Jia Technology Center for Microbiology, Shanghai, China
| | - Haijian Pan
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Liao
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Vaccine Innovation of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xudong Su
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xianmin Shi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jianmin Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Veterinary Vaccine Innovation of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
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Crump JA, Sjölund-Karlsson M, Gordon MA, Parry CM. Epidemiology, Clinical Presentation, Laboratory Diagnosis, Antimicrobial Resistance, and Antimicrobial Management of Invasive Salmonella Infections. Clin Microbiol Rev 2015; 28:901-37. [PMID: 26180063 PMCID: PMC4503790 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00002-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 630] [Impact Index Per Article: 70.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enterica infections are common causes of bloodstream infection in low-resource areas, where they may be difficult to distinguish from other febrile illnesses and may be associated with a high case fatality ratio. Microbiologic culture of blood or bone marrow remains the mainstay of laboratory diagnosis. Antimicrobial resistance has emerged in Salmonella enterica, initially to the traditional first-line drugs chloramphenicol, ampicillin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Decreased fluoroquinolone susceptibility and then fluoroquinolone resistance have developed in association with chromosomal mutations in the quinolone resistance-determining region of genes encoding DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV and also by plasmid-mediated resistance mechanisms. Resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins has occurred more often in nontyphoidal than in typhoidal Salmonella strains. Azithromycin is effective for the management of uncomplicated typhoid fever and may serve as an alternative oral drug in areas where fluoroquinolone resistance is common. In 2013, CLSI lowered the ciprofloxacin susceptibility breakpoints to account for accumulating clinical, microbiologic, and pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic data suggesting that revision was needed for contemporary invasive Salmonella infections. Newly established CLSI guidelines for azithromycin and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi were published in CLSI document M100 in 2015.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Crump
- Centre for International Health, University of Otago, Dunedin, Otago, New Zealand Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Maria Sjölund-Karlsson
- Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Melita A Gordon
- Department of Clinical Infection, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Christopher M Parry
- School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan Department of Clinical Research, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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Fitch FM, Carmo-Rodrigues MS, Oliveira VGS, Gaspari MV, Dos Santos A, de Freitas JB, Pignatari ACC. β-Lactam Resistance Genes: Characterization, Epidemiology, and First Detection of blaCTX-M-1 and blaCTX-M-14 in Salmonella spp. Isolated from Poultry in Brazil-Brazil Ministry of Agriculture's Pathogen Reduction Program. Microb Drug Resist 2015; 22:164-71. [PMID: 26380894 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2015.0143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella spp. are widespread in nature; however, human infections occur mainly through ingestion of contaminated food, specially poultry and eggs. In Brazil, the Ministry of Agriculture (MAPA) oversees food production in general, with the goal of preventing transmission of pathogens through the food chain. In 2004, MAPA initiated a program to monitor and control levels of Salmonella in poultry during slaughter. This study analyzes isolates from MAPA's program for β-lactam resistance and the resistance genes involved, as well as the geographic distributions of potentially clonal populations of resistant isolates within Brazil. Initially, 1,939 Salmonella spp. isolated between 2004 and 2011 were examined. These isolates were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility, and 100 isolates resistant or intermediate to ampicillin and ceftriaxone were screened initially for the presence of blaSHV, blaTEM, blaOXA, blaPSA, blaCMY-1, and blaCMY-2 genes. There were 55 isolates whose resistance genes were not identified by this panel and these isolates are the subject of this report. These 55 isolates were differentiated into 31 distinct ribogroups, with multiple β-lactam resistance genes, including AmpC blaCMY, blaTEM, blaCTX-M-1, blaCTX-M-2, blaCTX-M-8, and blaCTX-M-14. Isolates carrying variants of blaCTX-M were identified in three geographic regions. Salmonella carrying particular genetic variants of blaCTX-M and belonging to the same ribogroup were identified from multiple poultry slaughtering facilities. In some instances, these presumptive clonal-related isolates were from facilities over 300 miles apart, indicating potential clonal spread between two geographic regions. This is the first report of blaCTX-M-1 and blaCTX-M-14 in Salmonella in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Amaury Dos Santos
- 2 Ministry of Agriculture and Food Supply , LANAGRO, Campinas, Brazil
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Identification and characterization of multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica serotype Albert isolates in the United States. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2015; 59:2774-9. [PMID: 25733501 DOI: 10.1128/aac.05183-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enterica is one of the most common causes of bacterial foodborne illness in the United States. Although most Salmonella infections are self-limiting, antimicrobial treatment of invasive salmonellosis is critical. The primary antimicrobial treatment options include fluoroquinolones or extended-spectrum cephalosporins, and resistance to these antimicrobial drugs may complicate treatment. At present, S. enterica is composed of more than 2,600 unique serotypes, which vary greatly in geographic prevalence, ecological niche, and the ability to cause human disease, and it is important to understand and mitigate the source of human infection, particularly when antimicrobial resistance is found. In this study, we identified and characterized 19 S. enterica serotype Albert isolates collected from food animals, retail meat, and humans in the United States during 2005 to 2013. All five isolates from nonhuman sources were obtained from turkeys or ground turkey, and epidemiologic data suggest poultry consumption or live-poultry exposure as the probable source of infection. S. enterica serotype Albert also appears to be geographically localized to the midwestern United States. All 19 isolates displayed multidrug resistance, including decreased susceptibility to fluoroquinolones and resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins. Turkeys are a likely source of multidrug-resistant S. enterica serotype Albert, and circulation of resistance plasmids, as opposed to the expansion of a single resistant strain, is playing a role. More work is needed to understand why these resistance plasmids spread and how their presence and the serotype they reside in contribute to human disease.
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Noda T, Murakami K, Etoh Y, Okamoto F, Yatsuyanagi J, Sera N, Furuta M, Onozuka D, Oda T, Asai T, Fujimoto S. Increase in resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins in Salmonella isolated from retail chicken products in Japan. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0116927. [PMID: 25642944 PMCID: PMC4314076 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0116927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Salmonella are one of the most important public health problems in developed countries. ESBL-producing Salmonella strains have been isolated from humans in Asian countries neighboring Japan, along with strains harboring the plasmid-mediated extended-spectrum cephalosporin (ESC)-resistance gene, ampC (pAmpC). However, only a few studies have investigated the prevalence of ESC-resistant Salmonella in chicken products in Japan, which are the main vehicle of Salmonella transmission. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of ESBL-producing, pAmpC-harboring, or carbapenem-resistant Salmonella in chicken products in Japan. In total, 355 out of 779 (45.6%) chicken product samples collected from 1996–2010 contained Salmonella, resulting in 378 distinct isolates. Of these isolates, 373 were tested for resistance to ESCs, cephamycins, or carbapenems. Isolates that showed resistance to one or more of these antimicrobials were then examined by PCR and DNA sequence analysis for the presence of the blaCMY, blaCTX-M, blaTEM, and blaSHV resistance genes. Thirty-five resistant isolates were detected, including 26 isolates that contained pAmpC (blaCMY-2), and nine ESBL-producing isolates harboring blaCTX-M (n = 4, consisting of two blaCTX-M-2 and two blaCTX-M-15 genes), blaTEM (n = 4, consisting of one blaTEM-20 and three blaTEM-52 genes), and blaSHV (n = 1, blaSHV-12). All pAmpC-harboring and ESBL-producing Salmonella isolates were obtained from samples collected after 2005, and the percentage of resistant isolates increased significantly from 0% in 2004 to 27.9% in 2010 (P for trend = 0.006). This increase was caused in part by an increase in the number of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Infantis strains harboring an approximately 280-kb plasmid containing blaCMY-2 in proximity to ISEcp1. The dissemination of ESC-resistant Salmonella containing plasmid-mediated blaCMY-2 in chicken products indicates the need for the development of continuous monitoring strategies in the interests of public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamie Noda
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
- Division of Pathology and Bacteriology, Department of Health Science, Fukuoka Institute of Health and Environmental Sciences, 39 Mukaizano, Dazaifu, Fukuoka 818-0135, Japan
| | - Koichi Murakami
- Division of Pathology and Bacteriology, Department of Health Science, Fukuoka Institute of Health and Environmental Sciences, 39 Mukaizano, Dazaifu, Fukuoka 818-0135, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Yoshiki Etoh
- Division of Pathology and Bacteriology, Department of Health Science, Fukuoka Institute of Health and Environmental Sciences, 39 Mukaizano, Dazaifu, Fukuoka 818-0135, Japan
| | - Fuyuki Okamoto
- Division of Pathology and Bacteriology, Department of Health Science, Fukuoka Institute of Health and Environmental Sciences, 39 Mukaizano, Dazaifu, Fukuoka 818-0135, Japan
| | - Jun Yatsuyanagi
- Akita Prefectural Institute of Public Health, 6-6 Sensyukubota, Akita 010-0874, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Sera
- Division of Pathology and Bacteriology, Department of Health Science, Fukuoka Institute of Health and Environmental Sciences, 39 Mukaizano, Dazaifu, Fukuoka 818-0135, Japan
| | - Munenori Furuta
- Nakamura Gakuen University Junior College, 5-7-1 Befu, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0198, Japan
| | - Daisuke Onozuka
- Department of Health Care Administration and Management, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Takahiro Oda
- Nakamura Gakuen University Junior College, 5-7-1 Befu, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0198, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Asai
- Animal Infectious Disease Control, United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Shuji Fujimoto
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
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Andino A, Hanning I. Salmonella enterica: survival, colonization, and virulence differences among serovars. ScientificWorldJournal 2015; 2015:520179. [PMID: 25664339 PMCID: PMC4310208 DOI: 10.1155/2015/520179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 232] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Revised: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Data indicate that prevalence of specific serovars of Salmonella enterica in human foodborne illness is not correlated with their prevalence in feed. Given that feed is a suboptimal environment for S. enterica, it appears that survival in poultry feed may be an independent factor unrelated to virulence of specific serovars of Salmonella. Additionally, S. enterica serovars appear to have different host specificity and the ability to cause disease in those hosts is also serovar dependent. These differences among the serovars may be related to gene presence or absence and expression levels of those genes. With a better understanding of serovar specificity, mitigation methods can be implemented to control Salmonella at preharvest and postharvest levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Andino
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Tennessee, 2605 River Drive, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - I. Hanning
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Tennessee, 2605 River Drive, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
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Diversity and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella enterica isolates from surface water in Southeastern United States. Appl Environ Microbiol 2014; 80:6355-65. [PMID: 25107969 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02063-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A study of prevalence, diversity, and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella enterica in surface water in the southeastern United States was conducted. A new scheme was developed for recovery of Salmonella from irrigation pond water and compared with the FDA's Bacteriological Analytical Manual (8th ed., 2014) (BAM) method. Fifty-one isolates were recovered from 10 irrigation ponds in produce farms over a 2-year period; nine Salmonella serovars were identified by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis, and the major serovar was Salmonella enterica serovar Newport (S. Newport, n = 29), followed by S. enterica serovar Enteritidis (n = 6), S. enterica serovar Muenchen (n = 4), S. enterica serovar Javiana (n = 3), S. enterica serovar Thompson (n = 2), and other serovars. It is noteworthy that the PulseNet patterns of some of the isolates were identical to those of the strains that were associated with the S. Thompson outbreaks in 2010, 2012, and 2013, S. Enteritidis outbreaks in 2011 and 2013, and an S. Javiana outbreak in 2012. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing confirmed 16 S. Newport isolates of the multidrug resistant-AmpC (MDR-AmpC) phenotype, which exhibited resistance to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, sulfamethoxazole, and tetracycline (ACSSuT), and to the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd generations of cephalosporins (cephalothin, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, and ceftriaxone). Moreover, the S. Newport MDR-AmpC isolates had a PFGE pattern indistinguishable from the patterns of the isolates from clinical settings. These findings suggest that the irrigation water may be a potential source of contamination of Salmonella in fresh produce. The new Salmonella isolation scheme significantly increased recovery efficiency from 21.2 (36/170) to 29.4% (50/170) (P = 0.0002) and streamlined the turnaround time from 5 to 9 days with the BAM method to 4 days and thus may facilitate microbiological analysis of environmental water.
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Long-term dissemination of CTX-M-5-producing hypermutable Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium sequence type 328 strains in Russia, Belarus, and Kazakhstan. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2014; 58:5202-10. [PMID: 24957829 DOI: 10.1128/aac.02506-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we present evidence of long-term circulation of cefotaxime-resistant clonally related Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium strains over a broad geographic area. The genetic relatedness of 88 isolates collected from multiple outbreaks and sporadic cases of nosocomial salmonellosis in various parts of Russia, Belarus, and Kazakhstan from 1996 to 2009 was established by multilocus tandem-repeat analysis (MLVA) and multilocus sequence typing (MLST). The isolates belong to sequence type 328 (ST328) and produce CTX-M-5 β-lactamase, whose gene is carried by highly related non-self-conjugative but mobilizable plasmids. Resistance to nalidixic acid and low-level resistance to ciprofloxacin is present in 37 (42%) of the isolates and in all cases is determined by various single point mutations in the gyrA gene quinolone resistance-determining region (QRDR). Isolates of the described clonal group exhibit a hypermutable phenotype that probably facilitates independent acquisition of quinolone resistance mutations.
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