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Montasser K, Osman HA, Abozaid H, Khalil HS, Hatem Amer W, Sabry AMM. Multiplex PCR: Aid to more-timely and directed therapeutic intervention for patients with infectious gastroenteritis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e31022. [PMID: 36254068 PMCID: PMC9575839 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000031022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiplex PCR is a sensitive and rapid method compared with conventional methods. Therefore, we use multiplex PCR for the rapid detection of the four major intestinal pathogens causing gastroenteritis (Shigella spp., Campylobacter spp., Aeromonas spp. and Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli [EHEC]) in stool specimens. MATERIALS AND METHODS A prospective randomized study using 200 stool samples obtained from patients presented with acute gastroenteritis during the study period (between February 2019 and December 2021). Bacteria in stool samples were identified using conventional culture methods and multiplex PCR for stool samples. RESULTS The identified organisms using conventional cultures; were Shigella (27%), Aeromonas species (10%) and EHEC (O157) (8%). Using multiplex PCR. Shigella spp. was the most commonly identified pathogen (detected in 40.5% of positive samples), followed by Aeromonas spp. (30%), EHEC (20%) and Campylobacter species was only detected in (1%) of positive samples. The diagnostic evaluation of multiplex PCR in relation to conventional method in diagnosis of Shigella, EHEC and Aeromonas showed, sensitivity of 100% (for each), specificity of 88.5%, 92.4%, 77.8% respectively. However, the diagnostic evaluation of multiplex PCR in relation to conventional method in diagnosis of Campylobacter showed specificity of 99% and NPV of 100%. CONCLUSIONS Multiplex PCR is an accurate and rapid method for detection of common intestinal pathogens causing severe gastroenteritis. a rapid method that could be used in outbreaks for diagnosis of the common enteric pathogens causing fatal gastroenteritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim Montasser
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Helwan University, Helwan, Egypt
| | - Heba Ahmed Osman
- Tropical Medicine and Gastroenterology Department, Faculty of Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
- *Correspondence: Heba Ahmed Osman, Tropical Medicine and Gastroenterology Department, Faculty of Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt (e-mail: )
| | - Hanan Abozaid
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Helwan University, Helwan, Egypt
| | - Haidy S. Khalil
- Medical Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Helwan University, Helwan, Egypt
| | - Wesam Hatem Amer
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Abeer M. M. Sabry
- Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Helwan University, Helwan, Egypt
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2
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Chang LJ, Hsiao CJ, Chen B, Liu TY, Ding J, Hsu WT, Su-Ortiz V, Chen ST, Su KY, Wu HP, Lee CC. Accuracy and comparison of two rapid multiplex PCR tests for gastroenteritis pathogens: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open Gastroenterol 2021; 8:bmjgast-2020-000553. [PMID: 33648983 PMCID: PMC7925250 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgast-2020-000553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The primary aim is to provide a summary of evidence for the diagnostic accuracies of multiplex PCR gastrointestinal (GI) panels—BioFire FilmArray and Luminex xTAG on the detection of gastroenteritis pathogens. The secondary aim is to compare the performance of these GI panels head to head. Methods A comprehensive search up to 1 December 2019 was conducted on PubMed, Embase, Ovid Medline and Web of Science for studies that used FilmArray or Luminex xTAG Gastrointestinal Pathogen Panel (GPP) for diagnosis of acute gastroenteritis. A summary of diagnostic accuracies for the 16 pathogens were calculated by comparing the GI panels to the current gold standards (conventional standard microbiology techniques such as culture or PCR for bacteria, PCR or enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for viruses, microscopy or EIA for parasite). Hierarchical summary receiver operating characteristic (HSROC) curve analysis, pretest and post-test probabilities were used for estimating the pathogen detection performance. Results A total of 11 studies with 7085 stool samples were eligible for analysis. Multiplex PCRs demonstrated high diagnostic accuracy, with specificity ≧0.98 and area under the ROC curve (AUROC) ≧0.97 for all the pathogens except for Yersinia enterocolitica (AUROC 0.91). The FilmArray panel demonstrated a higher sensitivity than xTAG GPP for most of the pathogens with the exception of Rotavirus A (xTAG GPP and FilmArray were both 0.93). Conclusions This is the first meta-analysis that is a head-to-head comparison examining the performance of the novel multiplex PCR-based tests Luminex xTAG GPP and FilmArray GI panel in detecting each pathogen. Point estimates calculated from eligible studies showed that both GI panels are highly accurate and may provide important diagnostic information for early identification of gastroenteritis. In addition, although FilmArray has higher sensitivity and post-test probability than xTAG GPP for most of the pathogens, how this will translate to a clinical setting remains unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Jun Chang
- Department of Medical Education, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Jen Hsiao
- Department of Medical Education, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Bing Chen
- Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai Morningside Hospital, New York, New York, USA
| | - Tzu-Yu Liu
- Department of Medicine, Brown University Warren Alpert Medical School, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Julia Ding
- Internal Medicine, Brown University Division of Biology and Medicine, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Wan-Ting Hsu
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard University T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Medical Wizdom, LLC, Brooklinw, MA, USA
| | - Victor Su-Ortiz
- Department of Medical Engineering, College of Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA.,Department of Computer Science, College of Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Szu-Ta Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard University T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ke-Ying Su
- Department of Emergency Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Han-Ping Wu
- Department of Pediatric Emergency Medicine and Medical Research, China Medical University Children's Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chang Lee
- Department of Emergency Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan .,Center of Intelligent Healthcare, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Byers Center for Biodesign, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
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3
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Carlin CR, Lau SS, Cheng RA, Buehler AJ, Kassaify Z, Wiedmann M. Validation Using Diverse, Difficult-to-Detect Salmonella Strains and a Dark Chocolate Matrix Highlights the Critical Role of Strain Selection for Evaluation of Simplified, Rapid PCR-Based Methods Offering Next-Day Time to Results. J Food Prot 2020; 83:1374-1386. [PMID: 32241024 DOI: 10.4315/jfp-20-066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Modifications to pathogen detection kits to accomplish simplified protocols with reduced time to results may impact method performance, particularly when combining shortened enrichment times and simplified enrichment procedures. We used Salmonella detection in dark chocolate as a model to test the impact of different enrichment times (minimum and maximum validated times) and procedures on detection of low levels of difficult-to-detect Salmonella strains, for three PCR kits that were AOAC International Performance Tested Method certified for detection of Salmonella spp. in dark chocolate. Initial inclusivity studies with pure cultures showed that all three kits detected 70 of 70 Salmonella spp. strains at 1 log above the theoretical limit of detection, with some strains yielding later cycle threshold values or having variable detection among technical replicates, indicating reduced assay performance for these strains. Based on these data, we selected a S. enterica subsp. enterica serovar Poona strain as well as three non-subsp. enterica strains to test the ability of the three kits to detect Salmonella in dark chocolate inoculated at low levels (0.06 to 1.18 most probable number per 25 g). With primary enrichment in skim milk at 35°C, detection frequency for all assays did not significantly differ from the reference method for both the minimum and maximum validated enrichment times. However, a pilot study that used primary enrichment in buffered peptone water at 42°C yielded significantly fewer positive samples (13 of 80) than were obtained with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration Bacteriological Analytical Manual method using enrichment in skim milk at 35°C (40 of 80 positive samples); strains representing subsp. houtenae and salamae were detected in significantly fewer chocolate samples than enrichment with skim milk. Our data indicate that continued efforts to simplify rapid pathogen detection kits may reduce kit performance in a way that can only be detected with stringent evaluation protocols that are designed to identify kit failure modes. HIGHLIGHTS
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Affiliation(s)
- Catharine R Carlin
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
| | - Samantha S Lau
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
| | - Rachel A Cheng
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
| | - Ariel J Buehler
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
| | - Zeina Kassaify
- Mars, Inc., 6885 Elm Street, McLean, Virginia 22101, USA
| | - Martin Wiedmann
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853.,(ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4168-5662 [M.W.])
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4
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Torres-Miranda D, Akselrod H, Karsner R, Secco A, Silva-Cantillo D, Siegel MO, Roberts AD, Simon GL. Use of BioFire FilmArray gastrointestinal PCR panel associated with reductions in antibiotic use, time to optimal antibiotics, and length of stay. BMC Gastroenterol 2020; 20:246. [PMID: 32727381 PMCID: PMC7392718 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-020-01394-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rapid and accurate diagnostic tools are needed for appropriate management of infectious diarrhea. METHODS We evaluated the impact of the introduction of rapid multiplex PCR testing using the FilmArray gastrointestinal (GI) panel (BioFire Diagnostics, LLC, Salt Lake City, UT) at our institution, and compared the results to those of standard stool cultures. RESULTS The most common pathogens detected by the FilmArray GI panel were Clostridium difficile (55.0%), Campylobacter species (20.9%), Salmonella species (12.4%), and Shigella/EIEC species (12.4%). Rates of reproducibility in stool culture for these pathogens ranged from 56.3 to 77.8%. Co-detection of two or more organisms was common (24.2%), most commonly involving EPEC, EAEC, ETEC, and STEC. The time from arrival in the Emergency Department to discharge or admission to the hospital was unchanged after the introduction of FilmArray GI panel, but length of hospital stay was shorter (3 vs. 7.5 days, p = 0.0002) for the FilmArray group. The time to empiric antibiotics did not differ significantly, but optimal antibiotics were started earlier after introduction of the FilmArray GI panel (hospital day 1 vs. 2, p < 0.0001). More patients were discharged without antibiotics after introduction of the FilmArray GI panel (14.0% vs. 4.5%; p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate that the FilmArray GI panel is an important tool for improving both patient care and antibiotic stewardship, despite the tendency for positive results with multiple pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisy Torres-Miranda
- Division of Infectious Diseases, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2150 Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Washington, DC, 20037, USA
| | - Hana Akselrod
- Division of Infectious Diseases, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2150 Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Washington, DC, 20037, USA.
| | - Ryan Karsner
- Division of Infectious Diseases, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2150 Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Washington, DC, 20037, USA
| | - Alessandra Secco
- Division of Infectious Diseases, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2150 Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Washington, DC, 20037, USA
| | - Diana Silva-Cantillo
- Division of Infectious Diseases, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2150 Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Washington, DC, 20037, USA
| | - Marc O Siegel
- Division of Infectious Diseases, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2150 Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Washington, DC, 20037, USA
| | - Afsoon D Roberts
- Division of Infectious Diseases, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2150 Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Washington, DC, 20037, USA
| | - Gary L Simon
- Division of Infectious Diseases, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2150 Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Washington, DC, 20037, USA
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5
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Roth‐Konforti M, Green O, Hupfeld M, Fieseler L, Heinrich N, Ihssen J, Vorberg R, Wick L, Spitz U, Shabat D. Ultrasensitive Detection of
Salmonella
and
Listeria monocytogenes
by Small‐Molecule Chemiluminescence Probes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:10361-10367. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201904719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michal Roth‐Konforti
- Department of Organic ChemistrySchool of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact SciencesTel Aviv University Tel Aviv 69978 Israel
| | - Ori Green
- Department of Organic ChemistrySchool of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact SciencesTel Aviv University Tel Aviv 69978 Israel
| | | | - Lars Fieseler
- Institute of Food and Beverage InnovationZurich University of Applied Sciences Wädenswil Switzerland
| | - Nadine Heinrich
- Institute of Food and Beverage InnovationZurich University of Applied Sciences Wädenswil Switzerland
| | - Julian Ihssen
- BIOSYNTH Rietlistr. 4, Postfach 125 9422 Staad Switzerland
| | | | - Lukas Wick
- BIOSYNTH Rietlistr. 4, Postfach 125 9422 Staad Switzerland
| | - Urs Spitz
- BIOSYNTH Rietlistr. 4, Postfach 125 9422 Staad Switzerland
| | - Doron Shabat
- Department of Organic ChemistrySchool of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact SciencesTel Aviv University Tel Aviv 69978 Israel
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6
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Roth‐Konforti M, Green O, Hupfeld M, Fieseler L, Heinrich N, Ihssen J, Vorberg R, Wick L, Spitz U, Shabat D. Ultrasensitive Detection ofSalmonellaandListeria monocytogenesby Small‐Molecule Chemiluminescence Probes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201904719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michal Roth‐Konforti
- Department of Organic ChemistrySchool of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact SciencesTel Aviv University Tel Aviv 69978 Israel
| | - Ori Green
- Department of Organic ChemistrySchool of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact SciencesTel Aviv University Tel Aviv 69978 Israel
| | | | - Lars Fieseler
- Institute of Food and Beverage InnovationZurich University of Applied Sciences Wädenswil Switzerland
| | - Nadine Heinrich
- Institute of Food and Beverage InnovationZurich University of Applied Sciences Wädenswil Switzerland
| | - Julian Ihssen
- BIOSYNTH Rietlistr. 4, Postfach 125 9422 Staad Switzerland
| | | | - Lukas Wick
- BIOSYNTH Rietlistr. 4, Postfach 125 9422 Staad Switzerland
| | - Urs Spitz
- BIOSYNTH Rietlistr. 4, Postfach 125 9422 Staad Switzerland
| | - Doron Shabat
- Department of Organic ChemistrySchool of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact SciencesTel Aviv University Tel Aviv 69978 Israel
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7
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Gal-Mor O. Persistent Infection and Long-Term Carriage of Typhoidal and Nontyphoidal Salmonellae. Clin Microbiol Rev 2019; 32:e00088-18. [PMID: 30487167 PMCID: PMC6302356 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00088-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability of pathogenic bacteria to affect higher organisms and cause disease is one of the most dramatic properties of microorganisms. Some pathogens can establish transient colonization only, but others are capable of infecting their host for many years or even for a lifetime. Long-term infection is called persistence, and this phenotype is fundamental for the biology of important human pathogens, including Helicobacter pylori, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and Salmonella enterica Both typhoidal and nontyphoidal serovars of the species Salmonella enterica can cause persistent infection in humans; however, as these two Salmonella groups cause clinically distinct diseases, the characteristics of their persistent infections in humans differ significantly. Here, following a general summary of Salmonella pathogenicity, host specificity, epidemiology, and laboratory diagnosis, I review the current knowledge about Salmonella persistence and discuss the relevant epidemiology of persistence (including carrier rate, duration of shedding, and host and pathogen risk factors), the host response to Salmonella persistence, Salmonella genes involved in this lifestyle, as well as genetic and phenotypic changes acquired during prolonged infection within the host. Additionally, I highlight differences between the persistence of typhoidal and nontyphoidal Salmonella strains in humans and summarize the current gaps and limitations in our understanding, diagnosis, and curing of persistent Salmonella infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ohad Gal-Mor
- Infectious Diseases Research Laboratory, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
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8
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Use of exogenous volatile organic compounds to detect Salmonella in milk. Anal Chim Acta 2018; 1028:121-130. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.03.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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9
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Chromogenic media for the detection of Salmonella enterica serovar Paratyphi A in human stool samples: evaluation in a reference setting. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2018; 37:2181-2190. [PMID: 30151777 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-018-3360-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Detection of Salmonella Paratyphi A stool carriers by conventional stool culture media is hindered by the absence of hydrogen sulphide production compared to most other Salmonella serovars. This study evaluated the detection of Salmonella Paratyphi A in stool samples using Salmonella chromogenic media compared to a conventional medium. Four chromogenic media, COMPASS Salmonella agar (Biokar Diagnostics, Beauvais, France), BBL™ CHROMagar™ Salmonella (BD Diagnostics, Erembodegem-Aalst, Belgium), Brilliance™ Salmonella agar (Oxoid Ltd., Basingstoke, UK) and Salmonella PLUS CHROMagar™ (CHROMagar, Paris, France), were compared to conventional Salmonella-Shigella agar (Oxoid Ltd.). The colony morphology of 29 freshly grown stock isolates (Salmonella and competing organisms) was assessed. The limit of detection (LOD) was also determined using saline and stool suspensions. Finally, recognizability of Salmonella Paratyphi A isolates was assessed using 20 human stool samples spiked with different concentrations of Salmonella Paratyphi A. All Salmonella Paratyphi A isolates demonstrated detectable growth with typical purple-coloured colonies that could be clearly differentiated from competing organisms on all four chromogenic media. The LOD for Salmonella Paratyphi A was 103 colony-forming units (CFU)/ml for all media, except for Brilliance agar (105 CFU/ml of stool). Salmonella Paratyphi A was easy to differentiate from competing organisms in the spiked stool samples. Colony yields improved when an enrichment step (Selenite-F broth (BD Diagnostics, Erembodegem-Aalst, Belgium)) and prolonged incubation for 48 h were performed. Chromogenic media demonstrated good specificity and a low LOD for the detection of Salmonella Paratyphi A in stool samples.
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10
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Abstract
The automation of specimen processing and culture workup has rapidly emerged in clinical microbiology laboratories throughout the world and more recently in the United States. While many U.S. laboratories have implemented some form of automated specimen processing and some have begun performing digital plate reading, automated colony analysis is just beginning to be utilized clinically. In this issue of the Journal of Clinical Microbiology, M. L. Faron et al. (J Clin Microbiol 54:2470-2475, 2016, http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JCM.01040-16) report the results of their evaluation of the performance of the WASPLab Chromogenic Detection Module (CDM) for categorizing chromogenic agar plates as negative or "nonnegative" for vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE). Their major finding was 100% sensitivity for detection of "nonnegative" specimens using CDM compared to manual methods for specimens plated on two different types of VRE chromogenic agar plates. Additionally, utilization of digital plate reading in conjunction with automated colony analysis was predicted to result in significant savings based on greatly reduced labor costs.
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11
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Is it safe to eat raw seafood? Prevalence of Salmonella in some seafood products sold in Alexandria markets. J Egypt Public Health Assoc 2016; 88:115-20. [PMID: 23963092 DOI: 10.1097/01.epx.0000433559.22563.47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Salmonella is a significant microbial hazard in seafood. Salmonella-contaminated seafood usually looks and smells normal; it is therefore essential that every effort is made toward the rapid detection of Salmonella as an important criterion in quality control of seafood. AIMS This study aims to determine the percentage of Salmonella in some Egyptian seafood sold in Alexandria markets and to study the validity of Chromagar Salmonella Plus (CASP) agar versus xylose lysine desoxycholate and Salmonella-Shigella agar for the isolation and identification of Salmonella in seafood. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two hundred and twenty-five samples of three seafood types, shrimp, gandofli, and river mussel (om-elkhloul) were studied. Samples were selectively enriched in Rappaport-Vassiliadis and tetrathionate broth, and then plated onto the aforementioned plating media for the detection of Salmonella. RESULTS In total, Salmonella was detected in 9.8% of the samples. The sensitivity and specificity of the media used varied according to the media and enrichment broth combinations used. The CASP and Rappaport-Vassiliadis combination yielded the best sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy of 95.45, 100, 100, 99.5, and 99.5%, respectively. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION CASP was more accurate than xylose lysine desoxycholate and Salmonella-Shigella in the detection of Salmonella from seafood samples. We recommend that CASP medium should be tested against more Salmonella-positive samples before it is used as a screening plating medium for Salmonella in seafood.
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12
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Automated Scoring of Chromogenic Media for Detection of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus by Use of WASPLab Image Analysis Software. J Clin Microbiol 2015; 54:620-4. [PMID: 26719443 PMCID: PMC4767952 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.02778-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, systems have been developed to create total laboratory automation for clinical microbiology. These systems allow for the automation of specimen processing, specimen incubation, and imaging of bacterial growth. In this study, we used the WASPLab to validate software that discriminates and segregates positive and negative chromogenic methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) plates by recognition of pigmented colonies. A total of 57,690 swabs submitted for MRSA screening were enrolled in the study. Four sites enrolled specimens following their standard of care. Chromogenic agar used at these sites included MRSASelect (Bio-Rad Laboratories, Redmond, WA), chromID MRSA (bioMérieux, Marcy l'Etoile, France), and CHROMagar MRSA (BD Diagnostics, Sparks, MD). Specimens were plated and incubated using the WASPLab. The digital camera took images at 0 and 16 to 24 h and the WASPLab software determined the presence of positive colonies based on a hue, saturation, and value (HSV) score. If the HSV score fell within a defined threshold, the plate was called positive. The performance of the digital analysis was compared to manual reading. Overall, the digital software had a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 90.7% with the specificity ranging between 90.0 and 96.0 across all sites. The results were similar using the three different agars with a sensitivity of 100% and specificity ranging between 90.7 and 92.4%. These data demonstrate that automated digital analysis can be used to accurately sort positive from negative chromogenic agar cultures regardless of the pigmentation produced.
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13
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Zhang H, Morrison S, Tang YW. Multiplex polymerase chain reaction tests for detection of pathogens associated with gastroenteritis. Clin Lab Med 2015; 35:461-86. [PMID: 26004652 DOI: 10.1016/j.cll.2015.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A wide range of enteric pathogens can cause infectious gastroenteritis. Conventional diagnostic algorithms are time-consuming and often lack sensitivity and specificity. Advances in molecular technology have provided new clinical diagnostic tools. Multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based testing has been used in gastroenterology diagnostics in recent years. This article presents a review of recent laboratory-developed multiplex PCR tests and current commercial multiplex gastrointestinal pathogen tests. It focuses on two commercial syndromic multiplex tests: Luminex xTAG Gastrointestinal Pathogen Panel and BioFire FilmArray gastrointestinal test. Multiplex PCR tests have shown superior sensitivity to conventional methods for detection of most pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Zhang
- Luminex Corporation, 12212 Technology Boulevard, Austin, TX 78727, USA
| | - Scott Morrison
- Luminex Corporation, 12212 Technology Boulevard, Austin, TX 78727, USA
| | - Yi-Wei Tang
- Clinical Microbiology Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, 1275 York Avenue, S428, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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14
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Yeni F, Acar S, Polat Ö, Soyer Y, Alpas H. Rapid and standardized methods for detection of foodborne pathogens and mycotoxins on fresh produce. Food Control 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2013.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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15
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Abstract
Gastroenteritis persists as a worldwide problem, responsible for approximately 2 million deaths annually. Traditional diagnostic methods used in the clinical microbiology laboratory include a myriad of tests, such as culture, microscopy, and immunodiagnostics, which can be labor intensive and suffer from long turnaround times and, in some cases, poor sensitivity. [corrected]. This article reviews recent advances in genomic and proteomic technologies that have been applied to the detection and identification of gastrointestinal pathogens. These methods simplify and speed up the detection of pathogenic microorganisms, and their implementation in the clinical microbiology laboratory has potential to revolutionize the diagnosis of gastroenteritis.
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16
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Pereira RV, Bicalho ML, Machado VS, Lima S, Teixeira AG, Warnick LD, Bicalho RC. Evaluation of the effects of ultraviolet light on bacterial contaminants inoculated into whole milk and colostrum, and on colostrum immunoglobulin G. J Dairy Sci 2014; 97:2866-75. [PMID: 24582452 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2013-7601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2013] [Accepted: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Raw milk and colostrum can harbor dangerous microorganisms that can pose serious health risks for animals and humans. According to the USDA, more than 58% of calves in the United States are fed unpasteurized milk. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of UV light on reduction of bacteria in milk and colostrum, and on colostrum IgG. A pilot-scale UV light continuous (UVC) flow-through unit (45 J/cm(2)) was used to treat milk and colostrum. Colostrum and sterile whole milk were inoculated with Listeria innocua, Mycobacterium smegmatis, Salmonella serovar Typhimurium, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae, and Acinetobacter baumannii before being treated with UVC. During UVC treatment, samples were collected at 5 time points and bacteria were enumerated using selective media. The effect of UVC on IgG was evaluated using raw colostrum from a nearby dairy farm without the addition of bacteria. For each colostrum batch, samples were collected at several different time points and IgG was measured using ELISA. The UVC treatment of milk resulted in a significant final count (log cfu/mL) reduction of Listeria monocytogenes (3.2 ± 0.3 log cfu/mL reduction), Salmonella spp. (3.7 ± 0.2 log cfu/mL reduction), Escherichia coli (2.8 ± 0.2 log cfu/mL reduction), Staph. aureus (3.4 ± 0.3 log cfu/mL reduction), Streptococcus spp. (3.4 ± 0.4 log cfu/mL reduction), and A. baumannii (2.8 ± 0.2 log cfu/mL reduction). The UVC treatment of milk did not result in a significant final count (log cfu/mL) reduction for M. smegmatis (1.8 ± 0.5 log cfu/mL reduction). The UVC treatment of colostrum was significantly associated with a final reduction of bacterial count (log cfu/mL) of Listeria spp. (1.4 ± 0.3 log cfu/mL reduction), Salmonella spp. (1.0 ± 0.2 log cfu/mL reduction), and Acinetobacter spp. (1.1 ± 0.3 log cfu/mL reduction), but not of E. coli (0.5 ± 0.3 log cfu/mL reduction), Strep. agalactiae (0.8 ± 0.2 log cfu/mL reduction), and Staph. aureus (0.4 ± 0.2 log cfu/mL reduction). The UVC treatment of colostrum significantly decreased the IgG concentration, with an observed final mean IgG reduction of approximately 50%. Development of new methods to reduce bacterial contaminants in colostrum must take into consideration the barriers imposed by its opacity and organic components, and account for the incidental damage to IgG caused by manipulating colostrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- R V Pereira
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - M L Bicalho
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - V S Machado
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - S Lima
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - A G Teixeira
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - L D Warnick
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - R C Bicalho
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853.
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Yeung CY, Liu CC, Tseng YT, Tsai KC, Hsieh MA, Chan WT, Liu HL, Lee HC, Hou SY. Rapid identification of Salmonella
using Hektoen enteric agar and 16s ribosomal DNA probe-gold nanoparticle immunochromatography assay in clinical faecal specimens. Lett Appl Microbiol 2013; 58:311-7. [PMID: 24286606 DOI: 10.1111/lam.12191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2013] [Revised: 11/04/2013] [Accepted: 11/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C.-Y. Yeung
- Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition; Department of Pediatrics; Mackay Memorial Hospital; Taipei Taiwan
- Institute of Biotechnology and Department of Chemical Engineering; National Taipei University of Technology; Taipei Taiwan
- Department on Nursing; Mackay College of Medicine; Nursing and Management; Taipei Taiwan
- Department of Medicine; Mackay Medical College; New Taipei City Taiwan
| | - C.-C. Liu
- Institute of Biotechnology and Department of Chemical Engineering; National Taipei University of Technology; Taipei Taiwan
- Institute of Preventive Medicine; National Defense Medical Center; Taipei Taiwan
| | - Y.-T. Tseng
- Institute of Biotechnology and Department of Chemical Engineering; National Taipei University of Technology; Taipei Taiwan
| | - K.-C. Tsai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine; Mackay Memorial Hospital; Taipei Taiwan
| | - M.-A. Hsieh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine; Mackay Memorial Hospital; Taipei Taiwan
| | - W.-T. Chan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition; Department of Pediatrics; Mackay Memorial Hospital; Taipei Taiwan
- Institute of Biotechnology and Department of Chemical Engineering; National Taipei University of Technology; Taipei Taiwan
| | - H.-L. Liu
- Institute of Biotechnology and Department of Chemical Engineering; National Taipei University of Technology; Taipei Taiwan
| | - H.-C. Lee
- Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition; Department of Pediatrics; Mackay Memorial Hospital; Taipei Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics; Taipei Medical University; Taipei Taiwan
| | - S.-Y. Hou
- Institute of Biotechnology and Department of Chemical Engineering; National Taipei University of Technology; Taipei Taiwan
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Liu CC, Yeung CY, Chen PH, Yeh MK, Hou SY. Salmonella detection using 16S ribosomal DNA/RNA probe-gold nanoparticles and lateral flow immunoassay. Food Chem 2013; 141:2526-32. [PMID: 23870991 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.05.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2012] [Revised: 02/05/2013] [Accepted: 05/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
An ultrasensitive, simple, and fast lateral flow immunoassay for Salmonella detection using gold nanoparticles conjugated with a DNA probe, which is complementary to the 16S ribosomal RNA and DNA of Salmonella, has been developed. The detection limit is 5 fmol for the synthetic single-stranded DNA. For the Salmonella cultured samples, the nucleic acids from 10(7) bacteria were rapidly detected in 30 min. After silver enhancement, the detection limit was as low as 10(4) cells which is lower than 10(5) bacteria cells, the human infective dose of food-borne Salmonella. Furthermore, the probes used in this study are specific to Salmonella compared to several other Enterobacteriaceae. This approach would be a useful tool for microbial detection regarding food safety or clinical diagnosis. It is also suitable for large-scale screening in developing countries because it is low-cost, sensitive, specific and convenient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Che Liu
- Graduate Institute of Engineering Technology Doctoral, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan
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SHIMIZU S, AOI R, OSANAI Y, KAWAI Y, YAMAZAKI K. Rapid Quantitative Detection of Salmonella enterica Using Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization with Filter-cultivation (FISHFC) Method. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH 2013. [DOI: 10.3136/fstr.19.59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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20
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Hyeon JY, Park JH, Chon JW, Wee SH, Moon JS, Kim YJ, Seo KH. Evaluation of selective enrichment broths and chromogenic media for Salmonella detection in highly contaminated chicken carcasses. Poult Sci 2012; 91:1222-6. [DOI: 10.3382/ps.2011-01936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Baines D, Erb S, Turkington K, Kuldau G, Juba J, Masson L, Mazza A, Roberts R. Mouldy feed, mycotoxins and Shiga toxin - producing Escherichia coli colonization associated with Jejunal Hemorrhage Syndrome in beef cattle. BMC Vet Res 2011; 7:24. [PMID: 21639911 PMCID: PMC3135542 DOI: 10.1186/1746-6148-7-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2011] [Accepted: 06/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Both O157 and non-O157 Shiga toxin - producing Escherichia coli (STECs) cause serious human disease outbreaks through the consumption of contaminated foods. Cattle are considered the main reservoir but it is unclear how STECs affect mature animals. Neonatal calves are the susceptible age class for STEC infections causing severe enteritis. In an earlier study, we determined that mycotoxins and STECs were part of the disease complex for dairy cattle with Jejunal Hemorrhage Syndrome (JHS). For STECs to play a role in the development of JHS, we hypothesized that STEC colonization should also be evident in beef cattle with JHS. Aggressive medical and surgical therapies are effective for JHS, but rely on early recognition of clinical signs for optimal outcomes suggesting that novel approaches must be developed for managing this disease. The main objective of this study was to confirm that mouldy feeds, mycotoxins and STEC colonization were associated with the development of JHS in beef cattle. Results Beef cattle developed JHS after consuming feed containing several types of mycotoxigenic fungi including Fusarium poae, F. verticillioides, F. sporotrichioides, Penicillium roqueforti and Aspergillus fumigatus. Mixtures of STECs colonized the mucosa in the hemorrhaged tissues of the cattle and no other pathogen was identified. The STECs expressed Stx1 and Stx2, but more significantly, Stxs were also present in the blood collected from the lumen of the hemorrhaged jejunum. Feed extracts containing mycotoxins were toxic to enterocytes and 0.1% of a prebiotic, Celmanax Trademark, removed the cytotoxicity in vitro. The inclusion of a prebiotic in the care program for symptomatic beef calves was associated with 69% recovery. Conclusions The current study confirmed that STECs and mycotoxins are part of the disease complex for JHS in beef cattle. Mycotoxigenic fungi are only relevant in that they produce the mycotoxins deposited in the feed. A prebiotic, Celmanax Trademark, acted as a mycotoxin binder in vitro and interfered with the progression of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danica Baines
- Lethbridge Research Centre, 5403 1 Avenue South, Lethbridge, AB, T1J 4B1, Canada.
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Baines D, Erb S, Lowe R, Turkington K, Sabau E, Kuldau G, Juba J, Masson L, Mazza A, Roberts R. A prebiotic, Celmanax™, decreases Escherichia coli O157:H7 colonization of bovine cells and feed-associated cytotoxicity in vitro. BMC Res Notes 2011; 4:110. [PMID: 21473767 PMCID: PMC3090735 DOI: 10.1186/1756-0500-4-110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2010] [Accepted: 04/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Escherichia coli O157:H7 is the most common serovar of enterohemorrhagic E. coli associated with serious human disease outbreaks. Cattle are the main reservoir with E. coli O157:H7 inducing hemorrhagic enteritis in persistent shedding beef cattle, however little is known about how this pathogen affects cattle health. Jejunal Hemorrhage Syndrome (JHS) has unclear etiology but the pathology is similar to that described for E. coli O157:H7 challenged beef cattle suggestive that E. coli O157:H7 could be involved. There are no effective treatments for JHS however new approaches to managing pathogen issues in livestock using prebiotics and probiotics are gaining support. The first objective of the current study was to characterize pathogen colonization in hemorrhaged jejunum of dairy cattle during natural JHS outbreaks. The second objective was to confirm the association of mycotoxigenic fungi in feeds with the development of JHS and also to identify the presence of potential mycotoxins. The third objective was to determine the impact of a prebiotic, Celmanax™, or probiotic, Dairyman's Choice™ paste, on the cytotoxicity associated with feed extracts in vitro. The fourth objective was to determine the impact of a prebiotic or a probiotic on E. coli O157:H7 colonization of mucosal explants and a bovine colonic cell line in vitro. The final objective was to determine if prebiotic and probiotic feed additives could modify the symptoms that preceded JHS losses and the development of new JHS cases. Findings Dairy cattle developed JHS after consuming feed containing several types of mycotoxigenic fungi including Fusarium culmorum, F. poae, F. verticillioides, F. sporotrichioides, Aspergillusflavus, Penicillium roqueforti, P. crustosum, P. paneum and P. citrinum. Mixtures of Shiga toxin - producing Escherichia coli (STEC) colonized the mucosa in the hemorrhaged tissues of the cattle and no other pathogen was identified. The STECs expressed Stx1 and Stx2, but more significantly, Stxs were also present in the blood clot blocking the jejunum. Mycotoxin analysis of the corn crop confirmed the presence of fumonisin, NIV, ZEAR, DON, 15-ADON, 3-ADON, NEO, DAS, HT-2 and T-2. Feed extracts were toxic to enterocytes and 0.1% Celmanax™ removed the cytotoxicity in vitro. There was no effect of Dairyman's Choice™ paste on feed-extract activity in vitro. Fumonisin, T-2, ZEAR and DON were toxic to bovine cells and 0.1% Celmanax™ removed the cytotoxicity in vitro. Celmanax™ also directly decreased E. coli O157:H7 colonization of mucosal explants and a colonic cell line in a dose-dependent manner. There was no effect of Dairyman's Choice™ paste on E. coli O157:H7 colonization in vitro. The inclusion of the prebiotic and probiotic in the feed was associated with a decline in disease. Conclusion The current study confirmed an association between mycotoxigenic fungi in the feed and the development of JHS in cattle. This association was further expanded to include mycotoxins in the feed and mixtures of STECs colonizing the severely hemorrhaged tissues. Future studies should examine the extent of involvement of the different STEC in the infection process. The prebiotic, Celmanax™, acted as an anti-adhesive for STEC colonization and a mycotoxin binder in vitro. Future studies should determine the extent of involvement of the prebiotic in altering disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danica Baines
- Lethbridge Research Centre, 5403 1 Avenue South, P,O, Box 3000, Lethbridge, AB, T1J 4B1, Canada.
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Marcq C, Cox E, Szalo I, Théwis A, Beckers Y. Salmonella Typhimurium oral challenge model in mature broilers: Bacteriological, immunological, and growth performance aspects. Poult Sci 2011; 90:59-67. [DOI: 10.3382/ps.2010-01017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Church DL, Emshey D, Lloyd T, Pitout J. Clinical and economic evaluation of BBL CHROMagar Salmonella (CHROMSal) versus subculture after selenite broth enrichment to CHROMSal and Hektoen enteric agars to detect enteric Salmonella in a large regional microbiology laboratory. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2010; 68:13-9. [PMID: 20727464 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2010.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2009] [Revised: 04/06/2010] [Accepted: 04/07/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Stool culture for enteric pathogens is one of the most labor-intensive clinical microbiology procedures. Direct plating of stool to BBL CHROMagar Salmonella (CHROMSal) (BD Diagnostics, Sparks, MD) versus subculture after selenite broth enrichment (Sel) to CHROMSal (Sel-CHROMSal) and Hektoen enteric agar (Sel-Hek) (PML Microbiologicals, Eugene, OR) to detect Salmonella were compared. The number of colony picks and biochemical/serotyping tests per plate was recorded. A cost comparison was done. Fifty-one of 2999 (1.7%) stools yielded Salmonella sp., and 80% of isolates grew on CHROMSal by 24 h. CHROMSal demonstrated much less false-positive growth compared to Sel-Hek (P < 0.0001), which reduced biochemical and serotyping tests by 85% and 20%, respectively. Sel-CHROMSal and CHROMSal versus Sel-Hek improved enteric Salmonella detection when compared to a true positive "gold standard" (i.e., recovery by any culture method) with a sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of 100% and 94.12%, 100% and 99.97%, 100% and 97.96%, and 100% and 99.90%, respectively. CHROMSal use would result in substantial cost and labor savings.
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25
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Mass spectrometry biotyper system identifies enteric bacterial pathogens directly from colonies grown on selective stool culture media. J Clin Microbiol 2010; 48:3888-92. [PMID: 20844226 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.01290-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We evaluated the performance and cost-effectiveness of a matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry-based Biotyper system for the routine identification of common enteric bacterial pathogens seen in middle Tennessee from suspicious colonies grown on selective stool culture media. A total of 304 suspicious colonies were selected and further identified from 605 stool specimens. The suspicious colonies were analyzed by the Biotyper system, and the results were compared to those from routine phenotypic methods, which identified 22 Salmonella species, 39 Shigella species, 3 enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) isolates, 2 Yersinia enterocolitica isolates, 2 Campylobacter species, and 236 gastrointestinal normal flora isolates. The Biotyper system correctly identified the Salmonella species, Yersinia enterocolitica, and Campylobacter species but failed to distinguish the Shigella species and EHEC isolates from E. coli. Among the 236 normal flora isolates, 233 (98.7%) and 228 (96.6%) agreed at the genus and species levels, respectively, between the phenotypic and Biotyper methods. Organism identification scores were insignificantly different between colonies directly from selective media and subsequently from pure subculture. The entire Biotyper identification procedure, from smear preparation to final result reporting, can be completed within 30 min. The Biotyper system provides a rapid and simple screening tool for identifying many, but not all, suspicious colonies grown on selective media within 24 h after inoculation, which shortens test turnaround time by 2 to 3 days.
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26
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Jarquin R, Hanning I, Ahn S, Ricke SC. Development of rapid detection and genetic characterization of salmonella in poultry breeder feeds. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2009; 9:5308-23. [PMID: 22346699 PMCID: PMC3274138 DOI: 10.3390/s90705308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2009] [Revised: 06/21/2009] [Accepted: 06/25/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Salmonella is a leading cause of foodborne illness in the United States, with poultry and poultry products being a primary source of infection to humans. Poultry may carry some Salmonella serovars without any signs or symptoms of disease and without causing any adverse effects to the health of the bird. Salmonella may be introduced to a flock by multiple environmental sources, but poultry feed is suspected to be a leading source. Detecting Salmonella in feed can be challenging because low levels of the bacteria may not be recovered using traditional culturing techniques. Numerous detection methodologies have been examined over the years for quantifying Salmonella in feeds and many have proven to be effective for Salmonella isolation and detection in a variety of feeds. However, given the potential need for increased detection sensitivity, molecular detection technologies may the best candidate for developing rapid sensitive methods for identifying small numbers of Salmonella in the background of large volumes of feed. Several studies have been done using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays and commercial kits to detect Salmonella spp. in a wide variety of feed sources. In addition, DNA array technology has recently been utilized to track the dissemination of a specific Salmonella serotype in feed mills. This review will discuss the processing of feeds and potential points in the process that may introduce Salmonella contamination to the feed. Detection methods currently used and the need for advances in these methods also will be discussed. Finally, implementation of rapid detection for optimizing control methods to prevent and remove any Salmonella contamination of feeds will be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Jarquin
- Dept. of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72704, USA; E-Mail:
- Research and Development, Cobb-Vantress Incorporated, P.O. BOX 1030, Siloam Springs, AR 72761, USA
| | - Irene Hanning
- Dept. of Food Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72704, USA; E-Mail:
| | - Soohyoun Ahn
- Food Science and Technology Program, Arkansas State University, State University, AR 72467, USA; E-Mail:
| | - Steven C. Ricke
- Dept. of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72704, USA; E-Mail:
- Dept. of Food Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72704, USA; E-Mail:
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27
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Identification of Salmonella using colony-print and detection with antibody-coated gold nanoparticles. J Microbiol Methods 2009; 77:225-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2009.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2009] [Accepted: 02/10/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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28
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Huang JT, Yu HW, Hou SY, Fang SB, Lee HC, Yang CZ. Detection of specific bioparticles using antibodies-coated gold nanoparticles and dielectrophoretic impedance measurement. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2009; 2008:3174-7. [PMID: 19163381 DOI: 10.1109/iembs.2008.4649878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we developed an easy and quick test capable of identifying specific bacteria in one hour. The protocol was established based on the measurement of bacteria quantity on a biochip with comb-like electrodes. Gold nanoparticles coated with anti-Salmonella antibody were used to enhance the dielectrophretic property of Salmonella spp. on the biochip to facilitate the sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Tang Huang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan ROC.
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Evaluation and implementation of a chromogenic agar medium for salmonella detection in stool in routine laboratory diagnostics. J Clin Microbiol 2008; 47:456-8. [PMID: 19091816 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.01643-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We evaluated which chromogenic agar medium for Salmonella detection in stool would be most sensitive and specific in our culture protocol. The use of BBL CHROMagar Salmonella chromogenic medium combined with xylose-lysine-deoxycholate agar yielded a sensitivity of 100% and also reduced workload and costs.
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30
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Abstract
Since 1990, a wide range of chromogenic culture media has been made commercially available providing useful tools for diagnostic clinical microbiology. By the inclusion of chromogenic enzyme substrates targeting microbial enzymes, such media are able to target pathogens with high specificity. Examples of target pathogens include Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae, Salmonella spp. and Candida spp. The inclusion of multiple chromogenic substrates into culture media facilitates the differentiation of polymicrobial cultures, thus allowing for the development of improved media for diagnosis of urinary tract infections and media for the enhanced discrimination of yeasts. The purpose of this review is to provide some insight into how such media work and appraise their utility in routine clinical diagnostics, in comparison with conventional media.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Perry
- Microbiology Department, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
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31
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Schönenbrücher V, Mallinson ET, Bülte M. A comparison of standard cultural methods for the detection of foodborne Salmonella species including three new chromogenic plating media. Int J Food Microbiol 2008; 123:61-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2007.11.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2007] [Revised: 11/21/2007] [Accepted: 11/27/2007] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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32
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Church DL, Emshey D, Semeniuk H, Lloyd T, Pitout JD. Evaluation of BBL CHROMagar O157 versus sorbitol-MacConkey medium for routine detection of Escherichia coli O157 in a centralized regional clinical microbiology laboratory. J Clin Microbiol 2007; 45:3098-100. [PMID: 17634298 PMCID: PMC2045293 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00426-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2007] [Revised: 04/16/2007] [Accepted: 07/10/2007] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The performance of BBL CHROMagar O157 (CHROM) versus that of sorbitol-MacConkey (SMAC) media for detection of Escherichia coli O157 was determined for a 3-month period. Results for 27/3,116 (0.9%) stool cultures were positive. CHROM had a higher sensitivity (96.30%) and negative predictive value (100%) and a better diagnostic efficiency than SMAC. Labor and material costs decreased when CHROM was used.
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Affiliation(s)
- D L Church
- Calgary Laboratory Services (CLS), Calgary, Alberta T2N 4B8, Canada.
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33
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Ruelle V, Falisse-Poirrier N, Elmoualij B, Zorzi D, Pierard O, Heinen E, De Pauw E, Zorzi W. An immuno-PF2D-MS/MS proteomic approach for bacterial antigenic characterization: to Bacillus and beyond. J Proteome Res 2007; 6:2168-75. [PMID: 17488104 DOI: 10.1021/pr060661g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We are confronted daily to unknown microorganisms that have yet to be characterized, detected, and/or analyzed. We propose, in this study, a multidimensional strategy using polyclonal antibodies, consisting of a novel proteomic tool, the ProteomeLab PF2D, coupled to immunological techniques and mass spectrometry (i-PF2D-MS/MS). To evaluate this strategy, we have applied it to Bacillus subtilis, considered here as our unknown bacterial model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginie Ruelle
- Center of Research on Prion Proteins, University of Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
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Alonso-Sanz M, Molina L. Evaluación del sistema Robobact en coprocultivos: un paso más hacia la automatización en el laboratorio de microbiología. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin 2005; 23:58-61. [PMID: 15743574 DOI: 10.1157/13071606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to evaluate the Robobact system (DIESSE Diagnostica Senese S.p.A., Italy) for processing stool specimens and to compare it with conventional methodology. METHOD A total of 240 stool specimens from outpatients in Madrid (Spain) were studied. The samples were processed simultaneously with both the Robobact system and a conventional method. RESULTS Overall, 13 isolates of Campylobacter spp., 12 of Salmonella spp., 4 of Yersinia enterocolitica and 1 of Shigella spp. were obtained. The Robobact method failed to identify 1 of the 13 Campylobacter spp. isolates and 2 of the 12 Salmonella spp. isolates. The single Shigella spp. isolate was detected only by the Robobact system. All the Robobact results were available at 24 hours. CONCLUSIONS Robobact is a fast, useful tool for microbiological processing of stool specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes Alonso-Sanz
- Laboratorio de Microbiología, C.E.P Carabanchel Area 11, Aguacate 13, 28044 Madrid, Spain.
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Wilson G. Rapid and economical method for biochemical screening of stool isolates for Salmonella and Shigella species. J Clin Microbiol 2004; 42:4821-3. [PMID: 15472351 PMCID: PMC522300 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.42.10.4821-4823.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The LOUIS test is a screening protocol for Salmonella and Shigella that uses rapid enzyme tests. It had a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 94% and achieved presumptive reporting of Salmonella 3 h after colony isolation with savings of time and money compared to commercial identification systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Wilson
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Stirling Royal Infirmary, Stirling, Scotland, United Kingdom.
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