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Gharaibeh MH, Sheyab SYA, Lafi SQ, Etoom EM. Risk factors associated with mcr-1 colistin-resistance gene in Escherichia coli broiler samples in northern Jordan. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2024; 36:284-292. [PMID: 38325733 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2024.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of colistin-resistant Escherichia coli carrying mcr-1, and to identify risk factors associated with mcr gene-mediated resistance. METHODS In total, 385 cloacal samples were collected from 125 broiler farms and a questionnaire containing information about each farm was designed and filled. RESULTS Most of the antibiotics used in the disk diffusion method were highly resistant in all samples, with tetracycline and penicillin showing 100% and 99.7% resistance, respectively. Additionally, avian pathogenic E. coli (APEC) virulence genes frequency and percentage of APEC were identified, including sitA,iucC, and astA at 77%, 70.5%, and 62% respectively. In total, 214 of 360 isolates were positive for APEC (59.4%). Based on the minimum inhibitory (MIC) test, 58% of the isolates (n = 209 of 360) were resistant to colistin, with 39.7% displaying the mcr-1 gene. The statistical analysis of risk factors that influence colistin resistance prevalence revealed several significant factors, including commercial feed, farm management, sanitization, and antibiotic use. Irregular health checks for workers, non-dipping of feet before entering poultry houses, and the use of commercial poultry feeds all contributed to higher levels of colistin resistance as measured by MIC. On the other hand, doxycycline and commercial feed was 4 and 3.2 times more likely to occur based on the final logistic model of the mcr-1 gene, respectively. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that better biosecurity protocols should be implemented in poultry farms to reduce antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Additionally, antibiotics should be carefully monitored and used only when necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad H Gharaibeh
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan.
| | - Sahba Y Al Sheyab
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Shawkat Q Lafi
- Department of Pathology and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Eman M Etoom
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
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Fatma A, Ahuja V, Ahuja A, Kumar S, Srivastava SK, Thosar NR. Evaluation of Antibacterial Activity of Madhuca longifolia (Mahua) Stem Extract Against Streptococcus mutans: An In Vitro Study. Cureus 2024; 16:e52210. [PMID: 38348007 PMCID: PMC10860734 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.52210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Madhuca longifolia is one of the important folklore medicinal plants with a plethora of established pharmaceutical properties. Its twigs are used as chewing sticks (toothbrushes), and it is believed that if a person uses it daily, it will make their gum healthy and strong. No study has ever been conducted to evaluate the antibacterial effect of M. longifolia extracts against oral microorganisms. Materials and methods Fresh stem twigs (Madkam Kaarkad) of M. longifolia were collected and dried. The dried stem was cut into small pieces, 5 g of which was mixed with 50 ml distilled water (in the ratio 1:10) and kept for two days for maceration. After two days, the liquid was filtered and the final filtrate was obtained, from which dry pellets were made and stored in the refrigerator at 4°C. Brain heart infusion agar was used as a medium to grow the lyophilized bacteria. Pure strains of Streptococcus mutans 890 were obtained from the Microbial Type Culture Collection (MTCC) and MTCC-suggested protocol was followed for the revival of lyophilized bacteria. The agar well diffusion method was used to determine the zone of inhibition. The extract of stems with different concentrations (10%, 7.5%, 5.0%, and 2.5%) and at different volumes (100 µl, 150 µl, 200 µl, and 250 µl) was transferred to the agar plates. Chlorhexidine 0.2% was used as a control and it was also transferred to agar plates, which were incubated aerobically at 37°C for 24 hours. Antibacterial activity was interpreted from the size of the diameter of zones of inhibition measured in millimeters using a measuring scale in all the agar plates. Results The minimum zone of inhibition of 11 mm at 2.5% concentration and 100 µl volume of M. longifolia extract and the maximum zone of inhibition of 20 mm at 10% concentration and 250 µl volume was notified. While for chlorhexidine at 0.2% concentration, the zone of inhibition obtained was 9.5 mm at 40 µl volume. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of M. longifolia was found to be 35 mg/ml. Conclusion M. longifolia showed marked antibacterial activity against S. mutans and has a high MIC value. Therefore, this plant can be considered an effective agent against oral diseases like dental caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Areej Fatma
- Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Hazaribag College of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Hazaribagh, IND
| | - Vipin Ahuja
- Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Government Dental College and Hospital, Jamnagar, IND
| | - Annapurna Ahuja
- Periodontics and Implant Dentistry, Hazaribag College of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Hazaribagh, IND
| | - Satish Kumar
- University Department of Biotechnology, Vinoba Bhave University, Hazaribagh, IND
| | - Sunit K Srivastava
- University Department of Biotechnology, Vinoba Bhave University, Hazaribagh, IND
| | - Nilima R Thosar
- Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Sharad Pawar Dental College and Hospital, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences, Wardha, IND
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Anuar MSK, Hashim AM, Ho CL, Wong MY, Sundram S, Saidi NB, Yusof MT. Synergism: biocontrol agents and biostimulants in reducing abiotic and biotic stresses in crop. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 39:123. [PMID: 36934342 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-023-03579-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/20/2023]
Abstract
In today's fast-shifting climate change scenario, crops are exposed to environmental pressures, abiotic and biotic stress. Hence, these will affect the production of agricultural products and give rise to a worldwide economic crisis. The increase in world population has exacerbated the situation with increasing food demand. The use of chemical agents is no longer recommended due to adverse effects towards the environment and health. Biocontrol agents (BCAs) and biostimulants, are feasible options for dealing with yield losses induced by plant stresses, which are becoming more intense due to climate change. BCAs and biostimulants have been recommended due to their dual action in reducing both stresses simultaneously. Although protection against biotic stresses falls outside the generally accepted definition of biostimulant, some microbial and non-microbial biostimulants possess the biocontrol function, which helps reduce biotic pressure on crops. The application of synergisms using BCAs and biostimulants to control crop stresses is rarely explored. Currently, a combined application using both agents offer a great alternative to increase the yield and growth of crops while managing stresses. This article provides an overview of crop stresses and plant stress responses, a general knowledge on synergism, mathematical modelling used for synergy evaluation and type of in vitro and in vivo synergy testing, as well as the application of synergism using BCAs and biostimulants in reducing crop stresses. This review will facilitate an understanding of the combined effect of both agents on improving crop yield and growth and reducing stress while also providing an eco-friendly alternative to agroecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Salahudin Kheirel Anuar
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, UPM, Selangor, 43400, Malaysia
| | - Amalia Mohd Hashim
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, UPM, Selangor, 43400, Malaysia
| | - Chai Ling Ho
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, UPM, Selangor, 43400, Malaysia
| | - Mui-Yun Wong
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, UPM, Selangor, 43400, Malaysia
| | - Shamala Sundram
- Biology Research Division, Malaysian Palm Oil Board, Kajang, Selangor, 43000, Malaysia
| | - Noor Baity Saidi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, UPM, Selangor, 43400, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Termizi Yusof
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, UPM, Selangor, 43400, Malaysia.
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Toyos-Rodríguez C, Valero-Calvo D, de la Escosura-Muñiz A. Advances in the screening of antimicrobial compounds using electrochemical biosensors: is there room for nanomaterials? Anal Bioanal Chem 2022; 415:1107-1121. [PMID: 36445455 PMCID: PMC9707421 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-04449-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The abusive use of antimicrobial compounds and the associated appearance of antimicrobial resistant strains are a major threat to human health. An improved antimicrobial administration involves a faster diagnosis and detection of resistances. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) are the reference techniques for this purpose, relying mainly in the use of culture techniques. The long time required for analysis and the lack of reproducibility of these techniques have fostered the development of high-throughput AST methods, including electrochemical biosensors. In this review, recent electrochemical methods used in AST have been revised, with particular attention on those used for the evaluation of new drug candidates. The role of nanomaterials in these biosensing platforms has also been questioned, inferring that it is of minor importance compared to other applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celia Toyos-Rodríguez
- grid.10863.3c0000 0001 2164 6351NanoBioAnalysis Group, Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, University of Oviedo, Julián Clavería 8, 33006 Oviedo, Spain ,grid.10863.3c0000 0001 2164 6351Biotechnology Institute of Asturias, University of Oviedo, Santiago Gascon Building, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - David Valero-Calvo
- grid.10863.3c0000 0001 2164 6351NanoBioAnalysis Group, Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, University of Oviedo, Julián Clavería 8, 33006 Oviedo, Spain ,grid.10863.3c0000 0001 2164 6351Biotechnology Institute of Asturias, University of Oviedo, Santiago Gascon Building, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Alfredo de la Escosura-Muñiz
- grid.10863.3c0000 0001 2164 6351NanoBioAnalysis Group, Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, University of Oviedo, Julián Clavería 8, 33006 Oviedo, Spain ,grid.10863.3c0000 0001 2164 6351Biotechnology Institute of Asturias, University of Oviedo, Santiago Gascon Building, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
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Synthesis and Antimicrobial, Anticancer and Anti-Oxidant Activities of Novel 2,3-Dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-4-one and Pyrrolo[2,1-b][1,3]benzothiazole Derivatives via Microwave-Assisted Synthesis. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27041246. [PMID: 35209034 PMCID: PMC8880104 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27041246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
In our attempt towards the synthesis and development of effective antimicrobial, anticancer and antioxidant agents, a novel series of 2,3-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-one 7a–e and pyrrolo[2,1-b][1,3]benzothiazoles 9a–e were synthesized. The synthesis of 2-(1,3-benzo thiazol-2-yl)-3-(aryl)prop-2-enenitrile (5a–e) as the key intermediate was accomplished by a microwave efficient method. Via a new variety oriented synthetic microwave pathway, these highly functionalized building blocks allowed access to numerous fused heteroaromatic such as 7-amino-6-(1,3-benzo thiazol-2-yl)-5-(aryl)-2-thioxo-2,3dihydropyrido [2,3-d]pyrimidin-4(1H)-one 7a–e and 1-amino-2-(aryl)pyrrolo[2,1-b][1,3]benzothiazole-3-carbonitrile derivatives 9a–e in order to study their antimicrobial and anticancer activity. The present investigation offers effective and rapid new procedures for the synthesis of the newly polycondensed heterocyclic ring systems. All the newly synthesized compounds were evaluated for antimicrobial, anticancer and antioxidant activity. Compounds 7a,d, and 9a,d showed higher antimicrobial activity than cefotaxime and fluconazole while the remaining compounds exhibited good to moderate activity against bacteria and fungi. An anticancer evaluation of the newly synthesized compounds against the three tumor cell lines (lung cell NCI-H460, liver cancer HepG2 and colon cancer HCT-116) exhibited that compounds 7a, d, and 9a,d have higher cytotoxicity against the three human cell lines compared to doxorubicin as a reference drug. These compounds also exhibited higher antioxidant activity and a great ability to protect DNA from damage induced by bleomycin.
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Mohan C, Harini K, Janani K, Teja K, Sukumar M. Formulation and evaluation of oral disintegrating films using a natural ingredient against Streptococcus mutans. J Conserv Dent 2022; 25:128-134. [PMID: 35720822 PMCID: PMC9205350 DOI: 10.4103/jcd.jcd_143_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Oral disintegrating films (ODFs) are one of the forms of drug delivery system with better patient compliance. The advantage is that it disintegrates quickly when placed on the tongue and has better bioavailability. Aim: The aim of this study is to develop an ODF using Vaccinium oxycoccos and Plectranthus amboinicus targeting Streptococcus mutans. Setting and Design: This in vitro study was conducted at an institutional laboratory Materials and Methods: The chemical composition of aqueous extracts of Vaccinium oxycoccos and Plectranthus amboinicus was examined using gas chromatography (GC)-mass spectrometry (MS). Extracts were added at its minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) into the hydroxy propylmethyl cellulose (HPMC) polymer matrix solution to develop active ODF. The study concentrated on assessing the physical properties such as thickness of film, PH of the film, folding endurance, swelling test, disintegration, and dissolution test. Color analysis, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were the mechanical properties of the film assessed. Statistical Analysis: Data were analyzed statistically, one-way analysis of variance followed by post hoc analysis for the assessment of MIC. Descriptive statistics were performed for the analysis of film properties. Results: MIC was 25 μg/ml for Vaccinium oxycoccos and 50 μg/ml for Plectranthus amboinicus. Three percentage HPMC with 1% citric acid and 1% aspartame was used to develop a polymer matrix. Films pH was between 6 and 7. FTIR and SEM analysis were done to confirm the attachment of active compound in a polymer matrix. Conclusion: Vaccinium oxycoccos and Plectranthus amboinicus showed good antibacterial activity, therefore could be a potent source to minimize the incidence of S. mutans
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Kesharwani K, Singh R, Khan MJ, Vinayak V, Joshi KB. Hydrophobized Short Peptide Amphiphile Functionalized Gold Nanoparticles as Antibacterial Biomaterials. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202102204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Khushboo Kesharwani
- Department of Chemistry School of Chemical Science and Technology Dr.Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University) Sagar MP 470003 India
| | - Ramesh Singh
- Department of Chemistry School of Chemical Science and Technology Dr.Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University) Sagar MP 470003 India
| | - Mohd Jahir Khan
- Diatom Nanoengineering and metabolism lab (DNM) School of Applied Sciences Department of Criminology and Forensic Science Dr. Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University) Sagar MP
| | - Vandana Vinayak
- Diatom Nanoengineering and metabolism lab (DNM) School of Applied Sciences Department of Criminology and Forensic Science Dr. Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University) Sagar MP
| | - Khashti Ballabh Joshi
- Department of Chemistry School of Chemical Science and Technology Dr.Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University) Sagar MP 470003 India
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Benkova M, Soukup O, Marek J. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing: currently used methods and devices and the near future in clinical practice. J Appl Microbiol 2020; 129:806-822. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.14704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Benkova
- Department of Epidemiology Faculty of Military Health Sciences University of Defence Hradec Kralove Czech Republic
- Biomedical Research Center University Hospital Hradec Kralove Hradec Kralove Czech Republic
| | - O. Soukup
- Biomedical Research Center University Hospital Hradec Kralove Hradec Kralove Czech Republic
- Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy Faculty of Military Health Sciences University of Defence Hradec Kralove Czech Republic
| | - J. Marek
- Department of Epidemiology Faculty of Military Health Sciences University of Defence Hradec Kralove Czech Republic
- Biomedical Research Center University Hospital Hradec Kralove Hradec Kralove Czech Republic
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Dauwalder O, Vandenesch F. Disc diffusion AST automation: one of the last pieces missing for full microbiology laboratory automation. Clin Microbiol Infect 2020; 26:539-541. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2020.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Revised: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Effects of Sterilization Techniques on Bioactivity of Polymethyl Methacrylate Antibiotic Beads Containing Vancomycin and Tobramycin. J Orthop Trauma 2020; 34:e109-e113. [PMID: 32195891 DOI: 10.1097/bot.0000000000001729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Prefabrication and storage of antibiotic beads may decrease surgical time and allow for use in other settings. This study investigated the effects of sterilization technique and storage time on the bioactivity of antibiotic polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) beads. METHODS Uniform beads of PMMA containing 1 g each of tobramycin and vancomycin were sterilized using autoclave, ethylene oxide (ETO), or ultraviolet (UV) light. Beads were made in a sterile fashion as a control. Disks containing eluted antibiotics from each of the 4 groups were placed onto agar plates inoculated with Staphylococcus aureus. Zones of inhibition, a measure of bioactivity for antibiotic eluted, were determined for the experimental groups and control. Repeat testing was performed for beads stored for 1 week, 1, 3, and 6 months. RESULTS Beads sterilized using autoclave, ETO, and UV light showed similar ZOIs after 24 hours of and 1 week of elution compared with the control group. Beads stored for up to 6 months demonstrated similar bioactivity to beads made sterile and tested immediately. CONCLUSION PMMA beads containing vancomycin and tobramycin made in a sterile fashion and stored for up to 6 months have the same efficacy as the current standard of beads made sterile and used immediately. The elution and bioactivity of vancomycin-tobramycin antibiotic beads are not negatively impacted by the sterilization methods of autoclaving, ETO gas, or UV light. Furthermore, nonsterile beads can be sterilized and stored up to 6 months with an expected efficacy comparable with beads made in a standard sterile fashion.
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Ebrahimnezhad H, Barzegar L, Esmaeili D. Antibacterial Effects of Compound Bifilact on E.coli and Campylobacter jejuni. MEDICAL LABORATORY JOURNAL 2020. [DOI: 10.29252/mlj.14.1.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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Badger S, Abraham S, Stryhn H, Trott DJ, Jordan D, Caraguel CGB. Intra- and inter-laboratory agreement of the disc diffusion assay for assessing antimicrobial susceptibility of porcine Escherichia coli. Prev Vet Med 2019; 172:104782. [PMID: 31586718 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2019.104782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Reliable assessment of the susceptibility of animal bacterial pathogens to antimicrobials is of paramount importance in the fight against antimicrobial resistance. This work aims to estimate the repeatability (intra-laboratory agreement) and reproducibility (inter-laboratory agreement) of the disc diffusion assay in veterinary laboratories to understand further if the assay has a role in the surveillance of antimicrobial resistance in animals. Seven major veterinary laboratories from all States in Australia participated, and each tested the same panel of isolates five times at three to four-week intervals, against six antimicrobial agents using Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute protocols. The panel consisted of twenty different isolates from porcine Escherichia coli from clinical cases and a single reference strain (ATCC 25922). Laboratories were blinded to the identity of the isolates, replicates, and to each other. In total, 4200 inhibition zone diameters (mm) were collected, and analysed descriptively, graphically, and with linear mixed models. Regardless of the laboratories and isolate/antimicrobial combinations, the overall very major error rate (proportion of isolates classified as susceptible when actual status is resistant) was 1.6%; the major error rate (proportion of isolates classified as resistant when actual status is susceptible) was 1.6%; and the 'minor error' rate (proportion of isolates with intermediate susceptibility that measure fully susceptible or resistant or vice versa) was 2.4%. The variation between repeated measurements ranged between 4.4-7.2 mm depending on the antimicrobial agent assessed. The reproducibility was always more variable than the repeatability, which suggested some laboratory effects. The repeatability coefficient of disc diffusion was lowest for tetracycline (4.4 mm, 95% CI: 3.8-5.0 mm) and ampicillin (4.6 mm, 95% CI: 4.2-5.2 mm) and highest for trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (6.6 mm, 95% CI: 5.9-7.4 mm). The reproducibility coefficient of disc diffusion was lowest for gentamicin (5.4, 95% CI: 4.0-7.2) and highest for trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (7.2 mm, 95%CI: 4.5-11.7 mm). The precision of the disc diffusion assay was deemed satisfactory for use in a national surveillance program for clinical porcine E. coli isolates. However, measurement variation of the disc diffusion assay is of concern for isolates with marginal susceptibility or resistance due to increased risk of misclassification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Skye Badger
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy Campus, Mudla Wirra Rd, Roseworthy, 5371, Australia; Antimicrobial Resistance and Infectious Diseases Laboratory, School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, Perth, Western Australia, 6150, Australia.
| | - Sam Abraham
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Infectious Diseases Laboratory, School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, Perth, Western Australia, 6150, Australia.
| | - Henrik Stryhn
- Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Ave, Charlottetown, PE, C1A 4P3, Canada.
| | - Darren J Trott
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy Campus, Mudla Wirra Rd, Roseworthy, 5371, Australia.
| | - David Jordan
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Infectious Diseases Laboratory, School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, Perth, Western Australia, 6150, Australia; Wollongbar Primary Industries Institute, NSW Department of Primary Industries, 1243 Bruxner Highway, Wollongbar, New South Wales, 2477, Australia.
| | - Charles G B Caraguel
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy Campus, Mudla Wirra Rd, Roseworthy, 5371, Australia.
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Synthesis, docking, QSAR, ADMET and antimicrobial evaluation of new quinoline-3-carbonitrile derivatives as potential DNA-gyrase inhibitors. J Mol Struct 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2018.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Idelevich EA, Becker K, Schmitz J, Knaack D, Peters G, Köck R. Evaluation of an Automated System for Reading and Interpreting Disk Diffusion Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing of Fastidious Bacteria. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0159183. [PMID: 27391898 PMCID: PMC4938495 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2015] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Results of disk diffusion antimicrobial susceptibility testing depend on individual visual reading of inhibition zone diameters. Therefore, automated reading using camera systems might represent a useful tool for standardization. In this study, the ADAGIO automated system (Bio-Rad) was evaluated for reading disk diffusion tests of fastidious bacteria. 144 clinical isolates (68 β-haemolytic streptococci, 28 Streptococcus pneumoniae, 18 viridans group streptococci, 13 Haemophilus influenzae, 7 Moraxella catarrhalis, and 10 Campylobacter jejuni) were tested on Mueller-Hinton agar supplemented with 5% defibrinated horse blood and 20 mg/L β-NAD (MH-F, Oxoid) according to EUCAST. Plates were read manually with a ruler and automatically using the ADAGIO system. Inhibition zone diameters, indicated by the automated system, were visually controlled and adjusted, if necessary. Among 1548 isolate-antibiotic combinations, comparison of automated vs. manual reading yielded categorical agreement (CA) without visual adjustment of the automatically determined zone diameters in 81.4%. In 20% (309 of 1548) of tests it was deemed necessary to adjust the automatically determined zone diameter after visual control. After adjustment, CA was 94.8%; very major errors (false susceptible interpretation), major errors (false resistant interpretation) and minor errors (false categorization involving intermediate result), calculated according to the ISO 20776-2 guideline, accounted to 13.7% (13 of 95 resistant results), 3.3% (47 of 1424 susceptible results) and 1.4% (21 of 1548 total results), respectively, compared to manual reading. The ADAGIO system allowed for automated reading of disk diffusion testing in fastidious bacteria and, after visual validation of the automated results, yielded good categorical agreement with manual reading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeny A. Idelevich
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Karsten Becker
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Janne Schmitz
- Institute of Hygiene, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Dennis Knaack
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Georg Peters
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Robin Köck
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
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Balouiri M, Sadiki M, Ibnsouda SK. Methods for in vitro evaluating antimicrobial activity: A review. J Pharm Anal 2016; 6:71-79. [PMID: 29403965 PMCID: PMC5762448 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2015.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2448] [Impact Index Per Article: 306.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2015] [Revised: 11/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, there has been a growing interest in researching and developing new antimicrobial agents from various sources to combat microbial resistance. Therefore, a greater attention has been paid to antimicrobial activity screening and evaluating methods. Several bioassays such as disk-diffusion, well diffusion and broth or agar dilution are well known and commonly used, but others such as flow cytofluorometric and bioluminescent methods are not widely used because they require specified equipment and further evaluation for reproducibility and standardization, even if they can provide rapid results of the antimicrobial agent's effects and a better understanding of their impact on the viability and cell damage inflicted to the tested microorganism. In this review article, an exhaustive list of in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility testing methods and detailed information on their advantages and limitations are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mounyr Balouiri
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, B.P. 2202 Imouzzer Road, Fez, Morocco
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17
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Costa LFR, da Silva ES, Noronha VT, Vaz-Moreira I, Nunes OC, Andrade MMD. Development of an automatic identification algorithm for antibiogram analysis. Comput Biol Med 2015; 67:104-15. [PMID: 26513468 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2015.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2015] [Revised: 09/26/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Routinely, diagnostic and microbiology laboratories perform antibiogram analysis which can present some difficulties leading to misreadings and intra and inter-reader deviations. An Automatic Identification Algorithm (AIA) has been proposed as a solution to overcome some issues associated with the disc diffusion method, which is the main goal of this work. AIA allows automatic scanning of inhibition zones obtained by antibiograms. More than 60 environmental isolates were tested using susceptibility tests which were performed for 12 different antibiotics for a total of 756 readings. Plate images were acquired and classified as standard or oddity. The inhibition zones were measured using the AIA and results were compared with reference method (human reading), using weighted kappa index and statistical analysis to evaluate, respectively, inter-reader agreement and correlation between AIA-based and human-based reading. Agreements were observed in 88% cases and 89% of the tests showed no difference or a <4mm difference between AIA and human analysis, exhibiting a correlation index of 0.85 for all images, 0.90 for standards and 0.80 for oddities with no significant difference between automatic and manual method. AIA resolved some reading problems such as overlapping inhibition zones, imperfect microorganism seeding, non-homogeneity of the circumference, partial action of the antimicrobial, and formation of a second halo of inhibition. Furthermore, AIA proved to overcome some of the limitations observed in other automatic methods. Therefore, AIA may be a practical tool for automated reading of antibiograms in diagnostic and microbiology laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luan F R Costa
- LIPIS - Laboratory of Instrumentation, Image and Signal Processing, Gama Campus, University of Brasília, Brazil.
| | - Eduardo S da Silva
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Portugal.
| | - Victor T Noronha
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Portugal.
| | - Ivone Vaz-Moreira
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Portugal; CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Portugal.
| | - Olga C Nunes
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Portugal.
| | - Marcelino M de Andrade
- LIPIS - Laboratory of Instrumentation, Image and Signal Processing, Gama Campus, University of Brasília, Brazil.
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18
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Rhoads DD, Novak SM, Pantanowitz L. A review of the current state of digital plate reading of cultures in clinical microbiology. J Pathol Inform 2015; 6:23. [PMID: 26110091 PMCID: PMC4466785 DOI: 10.4103/2153-3539.157789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 02/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Digital plate reading (DPR) is increasingly being adopted as a means to facilitate the analysis and improve the quality and efficiency within the clinical microbiology laboratory. This review discusses the role of DPR in the context of total laboratory automation and explores some of the platforms currently available or in development for digital image capturing of microbial growth on media. The review focuses on the advantages and challenges of DPR. Peer-reviewed studies describing the utility and quality of these novel DPR systems are largely lacking, and professional guidelines for DPR implementation and quality management are needed. Further development and more widespread adoption of DPR is anticipated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel D Rhoads
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Susan M Novak
- Southern California Permanente Medical Group, Regional Reference Laboratories, North Hollywood, California, USA
| | - Liron Pantanowitz
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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19
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Hombach M, Zbinden R, Böttger EC. Standardisation of disk diffusion results for antibiotic susceptibility testing using the sirscan automated zone reader. BMC Microbiol 2013; 13:225. [PMID: 24099061 PMCID: PMC3852248 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2180-13-225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2013] [Accepted: 10/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Standardisation of disk diffusion readings could improve reproducibility and accuracy of antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST). This study evaluated accuracy, reproducibility, and precision of automated inhibition zone reading using the “Sirscan automatic” zone reader (i2a, Perols Cedex, France). Results In a first step we compared Sirscan results with manual calliper measurements for comparability and accuracy. Sirscan readings were checked and adjusted on-screen as recommended by the manufacturer. One hundred clinical bacterial isolates representing a broad spectrum of organisms routinely isolated in a clinical laboratory were tested, and zone diameter values and interpretation according to EUCAST guidelines were compared. In a second step we analysed, whether fully automated zone reading can decrease standard deviation of diameter measurements and, thus, improve reproducibility and precision of the disk diffusion method. Standard deviations of manual measurements, on-screen adjusted Sirscan measurements, and fully automated Sirscan readings were compared for 19 repeat independent measurements of inhibition zones of S. aureus ATCC 29213, E. coli ATCC 25922, and P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853 (EUCAST quality control strains). On-screen adjusted Sirscan and calliper measurements displayed high comparability. No significant differences were detected comparing the results of both reading methods. Standard deviations of inhibition zone diameters were significantly lower for fully automated Sirscan measurements compared with both adjusted Sirscan readings and the manual method, resulting in better reproducibility and precision of the automated readings. Conclusions Our results indicate that fully automated zone reading can further improve standardisation of AST by decreasing standard deviation and, thus, improve precision of inhibition zone diameter results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Hombach
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Universität Zürich, Gloriastrasse 30/32, 8006 Zürich, Switzerland.
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20
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Abstract
This review aims to discuss expert systems in general and how they may be used in medicine as a whole and clinical microbiology in particular (with the aid of interpretive reading). It considers rule-based systems, pattern-based systems, and data mining and introduces neural nets. A variety of noncommercial systems is described, and the central role played by the EUCAST is stressed. The need for expert rules in the environment of reset EUCAST breakpoints is also questioned. Commercial automated systems with on-board expert systems are considered, with emphasis being placed on the "big three": Vitek 2, BD Phoenix, and MicroScan. By necessity and in places, the review becomes a general review of automated system performances for the detection of specific resistance mechanisms rather than focusing solely on expert systems. Published performance evaluations of each system are drawn together and commented on critically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor Winstanley
- Department of Microbiology, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, United Kingdom.
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Grohs P, Janoir C, Grondin S, Simon S, Bonnet G, Henry L, Gutmann L, Varon E. Accuracy of MIC determination for Streptococcus pneumoniae using the Sirscan2000automatic MIC determination system. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2011; 70:399-403. [DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2011.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2010] [Revised: 02/25/2011] [Accepted: 03/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Colorimetric-plate method for rapid disk diffusion susceptibility testing of Escherichia coli. J Clin Microbiol 2011; 49:1124-7. [PMID: 21248093 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.02104-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we report a laboratory-developed colorimetric-plate method for rapid disk diffusion susceptibility testing of Escherichia coli. One hundred isolates were evaluated. Categorical agreement between the colorimetric plate and the standard disk diffusion method was 99%. Mean time to results was 7.07 h (95% confidence interval, 5.96 to 8.19).
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Abstract
This article familiarizes the clinician with the principles of bacterial susceptibility testing and reporting to facilitate communication with the clinical microbiology laboratory. As resistance continues to emerge among a wide range of clinically relevant bacteria, the complexity of this communication increases. This updated version provides an overview of the important susceptibility concerns for most commonly isolated bacterial pathogens.
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Comparison of the accuracy of disk diffusion zone diameters obtained by manual zone measurements to that by automated zone measurements to determine antimicrobial susceptibility. J Microbiol Methods 2008; 75:177-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2008.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2008] [Accepted: 05/23/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Joyce M, Woods CW. Antibacterial susceptibility testing in the clinical laboratory. Infect Dis Clin North Am 2004; 18:401-34, vii. [PMID: 15308270 DOI: 10.1016/j.idc.2004.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
This article familiarizes the clinician with the principles of bacterial susceptibility testing and reporting to facilitate communication with the clinical microbiology laboratory. The emergence of resistance in nearly all commonly isolated bacterial organisms has highlighted the need for ongoing dialogue between the laboratory and those who use its services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Joyce
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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