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Franco EO, Dos Santos FCB, de Sousa Verde R, Calchi AC, de Mello VVC, Lee DB, Dias CM, Machado RZ, Carvalho AAB, Roque ALR, André MR. Bartonella spp. in bats from the Brazilian Amazon Forest. Vet Res Commun 2024:10.1007/s11259-024-10545-3. [PMID: 39316347 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-024-10545-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2024] [Accepted: 09/17/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024]
Abstract
Despite the great diversity of bats (64 species) in the State of Acre, northwestern Brazil, there are no studies on occurrence and diversity of Bartonella spp. in bats in this region. The present study investigated the occurrence and molecular identity of Bartonella spp. in spleen samples (n = 271) from bats of 30 different species from this region, within the Amazon biome. Twenty-one out of 208 (10.1%) samples positive in the PCR for the mammalian gapdh endogenous genes were positive in the qPCR for Bartonella spp. based on the nuoG gene. The two gltA Bartonella genotypes detected grouped with those previously identified in bats from other locations, expanding the diversity of genotypes associated with bats. This study provided the first molecular evidence of the presence of Bartonella spp. in bats in the state of Acre and in bats of the species Lophostoma silvicolum, Vampyressa thyone, Tonatia saurophila and Phyllostomus elongatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliz Oliveira Franco
- Departament of Pathology, Reproduction and One Health, Vector-Borne Bioagents Laboratory (VBBL), Faculty of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), 14884-900, Jaboticabal Campus, Via Prof. Access Paulo Donato Castellane, s/n, Rural Zone, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Rair de Sousa Verde
- Postgraduate Program in Health and Sustainable Animal Production in the Amazon, Federal University of Acre, Rio Branco, Acre, Brazil
| | - Ana Cláudia Calchi
- Departament of Pathology, Reproduction and One Health, Vector-Borne Bioagents Laboratory (VBBL), Faculty of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), 14884-900, Jaboticabal Campus, Via Prof. Access Paulo Donato Castellane, s/n, Rural Zone, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Victória Valente Califre de Mello
- Departament of Pathology, Reproduction and One Health, Vector-Borne Bioagents Laboratory (VBBL), Faculty of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), 14884-900, Jaboticabal Campus, Via Prof. Access Paulo Donato Castellane, s/n, Rural Zone, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniel Braga Lee
- Departament of Pathology, Reproduction and One Health, Vector-Borne Bioagents Laboratory (VBBL), Faculty of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), 14884-900, Jaboticabal Campus, Via Prof. Access Paulo Donato Castellane, s/n, Rural Zone, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Clara Morato Dias
- Departament of Pathology, Reproduction and One Health, Vector-Borne Bioagents Laboratory (VBBL), Faculty of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), 14884-900, Jaboticabal Campus, Via Prof. Access Paulo Donato Castellane, s/n, Rural Zone, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rosangela Zacarias Machado
- Departament of Pathology, Reproduction and One Health, Vector-Borne Bioagents Laboratory (VBBL), Faculty of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), 14884-900, Jaboticabal Campus, Via Prof. Access Paulo Donato Castellane, s/n, Rural Zone, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adolorata Aparecida Bianco Carvalho
- Departament of Pathology, Reproduction and One Health, Vector-Borne Bioagents Laboratory (VBBL), Faculty of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), 14884-900, Jaboticabal Campus, Via Prof. Access Paulo Donato Castellane, s/n, Rural Zone, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - André Luiz Rodrigues Roque
- Trypanosomatid Biology Laboratory, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcos Rogério André
- Departament of Pathology, Reproduction and One Health, Vector-Borne Bioagents Laboratory (VBBL), Faculty of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), 14884-900, Jaboticabal Campus, Via Prof. Access Paulo Donato Castellane, s/n, Rural Zone, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil.
- Departament of Pathology, Reproduction and One Health, Vector-Borne Bioagents Laboratory (VBBL), School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Jaboticabal, Brazil, 14884-900, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, s/n, Zona Rura.
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Mhlanga TA, Chitanga S, Matthee S, Malatji MP, Mukaratirwa S. Prevalence and genetic diversity of Bartonella spp. in wild small mammals from South Africa. Appl Environ Microbiol 2024; 90:e0084224. [PMID: 39058027 PMCID: PMC11338311 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00842-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Bartonella spp. are intracellular bacteria associated with several re-emerging human diseases. Small mammals play a significant role in the maintenance and spread of Bartonella spp. Despite the high small mammal biodiversity in South Africa, there is limited epidemiological information regarding Bartonella spp. in these mammals. The main aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and genetic diversity of Bartonella spp. from wild small mammals from 15 localities in 8 provinces of South Africa. Small mammals (n = 183) were trapped in the Eastern Cape, Free State, Gauteng, Limpopo, Mpumalanga, Northern Cape, North West, and Western Cape provinces of South Africa between 2010 and 2018. Heart, kidney, liver, lung, and spleen were harvested for Bartonella DNA screening, and prevalence was determined based on the PCR amplification of partial fragments of the 16S-23S rRNA intergenic spacer (ITS) region, gltA, and rpoB genes. Bartonella DNA was detected in Aethomys chrysophilus, Aethomys ineptus, Gerbillurus spp., Lemniscomys rosalia, Mastomys coucha, Micaelamys namaquensis, Rhabdomys pumilio, and Thallomys paedulcus. An overall prevalence of 16.9% (31/183, 95% CI: 12.2%-23%) was observed. Bartonella elizabethae, Bartonella grahamii, and Bartonella tribocorum were the zoonotic species identified, while the remaining sequences were aligned to uncultured Bartonella spp. with unknown zoonotic potential. Phylogenetic analyses confirmed five distinct Bartonella lineages (I-V), with lineage IV displaying strong M. coucha host specificity. Our results confirm that South African wild small mammals are natural reservoirs of a diverse assemblage of Bartonella spp., including some zoonotic species with high genetic diversity, although prevalence was relatively low.IMPORTANCESmall mammals play a significant role in the maintenance and spread of zoonotic pathogens such as Bartonella spp. Despite the high small mammal biodiversity in southern Africa including South Africa, there is limited epidemiological information regarding Bartonella spp. in these mammals across the country. Results from our study showed the liver and spleen had the highest positive cases for Bartonella spp. DNA among the tested organs. Bartonella elizabethae, B. grahamii, and B. tribocorum were the three zoonotic species identified and five distinct Bartonella lineages (I-V) were confirmed through phylogenetic analyses. To the best of our knowledge, this study presents the first extensive nuclear diversity investigation of Bartonella spp. in South African small mammals in South Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapiwanashe Annamary Mhlanga
- School of Life
Sciences, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Sciences, University
of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus,
Durban, South Africa
| | - Simbarashe Chitanga
- Department of
Preclinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of
Namibia, Windhoek,
Namibia
- Department of
Biomedical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of
Zambia, Lusaka,
Zambia
| | - Sonja Matthee
- Department of
Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Stellenbosch
University, Stellenbosch,
South Africa
| | - Mokgadi Pulane Malatji
- School of Life
Sciences, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Sciences, University
of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus,
Durban, South Africa
| | - Samson Mukaratirwa
- School of Life
Sciences, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Sciences, University
of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus,
Durban, South Africa
- One Health Centre for
Zoonoses and Tropical Veterinary Medicine, Ross University School of
Veterinary Medicine,
Basseterre, West Indies, Saint Kitts
and Nevis
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3
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Maggi RG, Calchi AC, Moore CO, Kingston E, Breitschwerdt EB. Human Babesia odocoilei and Bartonella spp. co-infections in the Americas. Parasit Vectors 2024; 17:302. [PMID: 38992682 PMCID: PMC11241936 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-024-06385-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, Babesia and Bartonella species co-infections in patients with chronic, nonspecific illnesses have continued to challenge and change the collective medical understanding of "individual pathogen" vector-borne infectious disease dynamics, pathogenesis and epidemiology. The objective of this case series is to provide additional molecular documentation of Babesia odocoilei infection in humans in the Americas and to emphasize the potential for co-infection with a Bartonella species. METHODS The development of improved and more sensitive molecular diagnostic techniques, as confirmatory methods to assess active infection, has provided increasing clarity to the healthcare community. RESULTS Using a combination of different molecular diagnostic approaches, infection with Babesia odocoilei was confirmed in seven people suffering chronic non-specific symptoms, of whom six were co-infected with one or more Bartonella species. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that infection with Babesia odocoilei is more frequent than previously documented and can occur in association with co-infection with Bartonella spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo G Maggi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Intracellular Pathogens Research Laboratory Comparative Medicine Institute, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Ana Cláudia Calchi
- Department of Pathology, Reproduction and One Health, Vector-Borne Bioagents Laboratory (VBBL), School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences (FCAV) - São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Charlotte O Moore
- College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Intracellular Pathogens Research Laboratory Comparative Medicine Institute, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Emily Kingston
- College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Intracellular Pathogens Research Laboratory Comparative Medicine Institute, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Edward B Breitschwerdt
- College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Intracellular Pathogens Research Laboratory Comparative Medicine Institute, Raleigh, NC, USA.
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Kim L, Lashnits E, Breitschwerdt EB, Elam A, Grade N, Miller J, Shikhman AR. Antibodies to Borrelia burgdorferi and Bartonella species in serum and synovial fluid from people with rheumatic diseases. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0165323. [PMID: 38483477 PMCID: PMC10986562 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01653-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Vector-borne infections may underlie some rheumatic diseases, particularly in people with joint effusions. This study aimed to compare serum and synovial fluid antibodies to B. burgdorferi and Bartonella spp. in patients with rheumatic diseases. This observational, cross-sectional study examined paired synovial fluid and serum specimens collected from 110 patients with joint effusion between October 2017 and January 2022. Testing for antibodies to B. burgdorferi (using CDC criteria) and Bartonella spp. via two indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) assays was performed as part of routine patient care at the Institute for Specialized Medicine (San Diego, CA, USA). There were 30 participants (27%) with positive two-tier B. burgdorferi serology and 26 participants (24%) with IFA seroreactivity (≥1:256) to B. henselae and/or B. quintana. Both B. burgdorferi IgM and IgG were detected more frequently in synovial fluid than serum: 27% of patients were either IgM or IgG positive in synovial fluid, compared to 15.5% in serum (P = 0.048). Conversely, B. henselae and B. quintana antibodies were detected more frequently in serum than synovial fluid; overall only 2% of patients had positive IFA titers in synovial fluid, compared to 24% who had positive IFA titers in serum (P < 0.001). There were no significant associations between B. burgdorferi or Bartonella spp. seroreactivity with any of the clinical rheumatological diagnoses. This study provides preliminary support for the importance of synovial fluid antibody testing for documenting exposure to B. burgdorferi but not for documenting exposure to Bartonella spp. IMPORTANCE This study focuses on diagnostic testing for two common vector-borne diseases in an affected patient population. In it, we provide data showing that antibodies to B. burgdorferi, but not Bartonella spp., are more commonly found in synovial fluid than serum of patients with joint effusion. Since Lyme arthritis is a common-and sometimes difficult to diagnose-rheumatic disease, improving diagnostic capabilities is of utmost importance. While our findings are certainly not definitive for changes to practice, they do suggest that synovial fluid could be a useful sample for the clinical diagnosis of Lyme disease, and future prospective studies evaluating this claim are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Kim
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Erin Lashnits
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Edward B. Breitschwerdt
- Intracellular Pathogens Research Laboratory and Comparative Medicine Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Amanda Elam
- Galaxy Diagnostics, Research Triangle, North Carolina, USA
| | - Neenah Grade
- Galaxy Diagnostics, Research Triangle, North Carolina, USA
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Bai Y, Osikowicz LM, Hojgaard A, Eisen RJ. Development of a quadruplex PCR amplicon next generation sequencing assay for detection and differentiation of Bartonella spp. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1243471. [PMID: 38130946 PMCID: PMC10733521 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1243471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The genus Bartonella includes a group of species that are associated with a wide range of mammalian species, including human. It is challenging to detect all Bartonella species using a single molecular target due to its high genetic diversity. To solve this issue, we developed a quadruplex PCR amplicon sequencing assay using next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology for the detection and differentiation of Bartonella species. Our objective was to obtain the specific sequences of a minimum of two of the four target genes as confirmation of the identity of a particular Bartonella species using the assay. Four pairs of primers targeting specific regions on gltA, groEL, rpoB, and ssrA were evaluated for their capability of differentiating Bartonella species individually and collectively by performing singular PCR amplicon sequencing and quadruplex PCR amplicon sequencing. Using the quadruplex PCR amplicon sequencing, 24 Bartonella reference species were tested, all of which were successfully differentiated by at least two targets. Bartonella species were accurately identified from the artificially mixed DNA templates developed to simulate coinfections. The limit of detection was determined to be 1 fg based on testing a series of 10-fold dilutions of DNA from the Bartonella species. Testing of high DNA concentrations of 19 non-Bartonella species showed high specificity with none of the non-Bartonella species misclassified as Bartonella. Finally, the assay was evaluated by testing DNA extracts from field-collected body lice (Pediculus humanus humanus) and Norway rats (Rattus norvegicus): Bartonella quintana was detected and confirmed by three targets in the lice and Bartonella tribocorum was detected and confirmed by two targets in the rats. These results demonstrated that Bartonella species could be accurately and rapidly detected and differentiated into different tissue types using the quadruplex sequencing assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Bai
- Bacterial Disease Branch, Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, CO, United States
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Hidalgo-Hermoso E, Sepúlveda-García P, Cabello J, Celis S, Valencia C, Ortiz C, Kemec I, Moreira-Arce D, Orsola M, Canales N, Garnham A, Vera F, Muller A. Molecular survey and phylogenetic analysis of Bartonella sp., Coxiella sp., and hemoplamas in pudu ( Pudu puda) from Chile: first report of Bartonella henselae in a wild ungulate species. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1161093. [PMID: 38033637 PMCID: PMC10687462 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1161093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Recent evidence shows a high diversity of infectious agents in wildlife that represent a threat to human, domestic, and wild animal health. In Chile, wild populations of the most common cervid species, pudu (Pudu puda), have been reported as hosts for novel pathogens such as Mycoplasma ovis-like and a novel ecotype of Anaplasma phagocytophilum. A better understanding of the epidemiology of this group and other intracellular bacteria that might have cervids as hosts would enlighten their population relevance. This study aimed to determine the occurrence and genetic diversity of Bartonella spp., hemotropic mycoplasmas, and Coxiella burnetii in pudus from Chile. Methods The DNA was extracted from the blood samples of 69 wild free-ranging and 30 captive pudus from Chile. A combination of real-time (nouG gene for Bartonella and IS1111 element for C. burnetii) and conventional PCR (16S rRNA for hemotropic Mycoplasma spp. and rpoB, gltA, and ITS for Bartonella spp.) was used for pathogen screening and molecular characterization. Results DNA of Bartonella spp. was detected in 10.1% [95% CI (5.2-18.2%)] samples, hemotropic Mycoplasma spp. in 1.7% [95% CI (0.08-10.1%)], and C. burnetii in 1.0% [95% CI (0.05-6.3%)] samples. Two sequenced samples were identified as Mycoplasma ovis-like, and one free-ranging pudu was positive for C. burnetii. While one captive and two free-ranging pudus were positive for Bartonella henselae, one wild pudu was co-positive for B. henselae and Bartonella sp., similar to Bartonellae identified in ruminants. Discussion To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of B. henselae in wild ungulate species, and C. burnetii and Bartonella spp. in wild ungulate species in South America. Further research will be necessary to evaluate the potential role of pudu as reservoirs of infection and identify the sources for disease transmission among humans and wild and domestic animals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paulina Sepúlveda-García
- Instituto de Medicina Preventiva Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
- Escuela de Graduados, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Javier Cabello
- Centro de Conservación de la Biodiversidad, Chiloé-Silvestre, Ancud, Chiloé, Chile
| | - Sebastian Celis
- Departamento de Veterinaria, Parque Zoológico Buin Zoo, Buin, Chile
| | - Carola Valencia
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Naturaleza, Sede De La Patagonia, Universidad San Sebastián, Puerto Montt, Chile
| | - Carolina Ortiz
- Departamento de Veterinaria, Parque Zoológico Buin Zoo, Buin, Chile
| | - Ignacio Kemec
- Departamento de Veterinaria, Parque Zoológico Buin Zoo, Buin, Chile
| | - Dario Moreira-Arce
- Departamento de Gestión Agraria, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Santiago, Chile
- Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity (IEB), Santiago, Chile
| | - Miguel Orsola
- Centro Integrativo de Biología y Química Aplicada (CIBQA), Universidad Bernardo O'Higgins, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nivia Canales
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Antonio Garnham
- Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Frank Vera
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Naturaleza, Sede De La Patagonia, Universidad San Sebastián, Puerto Montt, Chile
| | - Ananda Muller
- Biomedical Sciences Department, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre, Saint Kitts and Nevis
- Instituto de Ciencias Clínicas Veterinarias, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
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Drummond MR, Dos Santos LS, de Almeida AR, Lins KDA, Barjas-Castro ML, Diniz PPVDP, Velho PENF. Comparison of molecular methods for Bartonella henselae detection in blood donors. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2023; 17:e0011336. [PMID: 37262044 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The Bartonella genus consists of neglected pathogens associated with potentially transfusional-transmitted and fatal human diseases. We aimed to evaluate Bartonella sp. prevalence in 500 blood donors and compare the results with the data already published about these samples. We used molecular diagnostic methods to detect Bartonella sp.-DNA from blood and liquid culture samples: (A) conventional PCR for two gene regions, the ITS targeting the genus Bartonella and the specific gltA Bartonella henselae; (B) nested PCR for the ftsZ gene and (C) qualitative real-time PCR for the gltA gene, both B. henselae specific. We obtained 30/500 (6%) DNA detections from the blood samples; 77/500 (15.4%) DNA detections from liquid culture samples and five (1%) samples had DNA detection from both. In total, we detected B. henselae DNA from 102/500 (20.4%) donors. The samples used in this study had already been submitted for Bartonella sp.-DNA detection using only a conventional PCR in liquid culture. Sixteen samples (3.2%) were positive previously, and from these 16 samples, 13 were negative in the new investigation. We concluded that the use of liquid culture combined with different molecular tests increases the possibility of detecting Bartonella sp.-DNA, but the tests do not avoid false-negative results. More than a fifth of blood donors had at least one PCR that detected Bartonella sp.-DNA among the eight molecular reactions performed now (four reactions in whole blood and four in liquid culture). Seven percent had B. henselae-DNA detection for two or more distinct regions. Considering the results obtained previously, the DNA of Bartonella spp. was detected or the agent isolated in 23% of analyzed blood donors. The results establish that the low bacteremia and the fastidious characteristics of the bacterium are challenges to laboratory diagnosis and can make it difficult to confirm the infection in patients with bartonelloses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Rovani Drummond
- Applied Research in Dermatology and Bartonella Infection Laboratory, University of Campinas-UNICAMP; Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luciene Silva Dos Santos
- Applied Research in Dermatology and Bartonella Infection Laboratory, University of Campinas-UNICAMP; Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Amanda Roberta de Almeida
- Applied Research in Dermatology and Bartonella Infection Laboratory, University of Campinas-UNICAMP; Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Karina de Almeida Lins
- Applied Research in Dermatology and Bartonella Infection Laboratory, University of Campinas-UNICAMP; Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Paulo Eduardo Neves Ferreira Velho
- Applied Research in Dermatology and Bartonella Infection Laboratory, University of Campinas-UNICAMP; Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, UNICAMP, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Braga MDSCO, Costa FB, Calchi AC, de Mello VVC, Mongruel ACB, Dias CM, Bassini-Silva R, Silva EMC, Pereira JG, Ribeiro LSDS, da Costa AP, de Andrade FHE, Silva ALA, Machado RZ, André MR. Molecular detection and characterization of vector-borne agents in common opossums (Didelphis marsupialis) from northeastern Brazil. Acta Trop 2023:106955. [PMID: 37236334 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2023.106955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Opossums are synanthropic marsupials able to interchange among wild, peri-urban and urban environments, playing an epidemiologically important role as hosts for emerging pathogens and ectoparasites of relevance in public health. The present study aimed to detect and molecularly characterize vector-borne agents in a population of common opossums (Didelphis marsupialis) from the Island of São Luís do Maranhão, northeastern Brazil. Of the 45 animals analyzed, one (2.22%) was positive in the nested PCR assay based on the 18S rRNA gene of piroplasmids. The obtained sequence was phylogenetically positioned in a clade containing sequences of Babesia sp. previously detected in Didelphis aurita, Didelphis albiventris and associated ticks from Brazil. Eight (17.77%) samples were positive in PCR for Ehrlichia spp. based on the dsb gene; four samples were sequenced and positioned into a new clade, sister to E. minasensis and Ehrlichia sp. clade detected in Superorder Xenarthra mammals. No samples tested positive in the screening PCR assays based on the 16S rRNA gene of Anaplasma spp. Two samples were positive in the qPCR for Bartonella spp. based on the nuoG gene. Seven animals (15.56%) were positive in the nPCR based on the 16S rRNA gene of hemoplasmas. Of these, three were positive in a PCR based on the 23S rRNA gene. The phylogenies based on both 16S rRNA and 23S rRNA genes corroborated to each other and positioned the sequences in the same clade of hemoplasmas previously detected in D. aurita and D. albiventris sampled in Brazil. Finally, three (6.66%) animals were positive in the PCR for Hepatozoon spp.; the obtained 18S rRNA sequence was positioned into the H. felis clade.The present study showed, for the first time, the circulation of piroplasmids, Hepatozoon spp., Ehrlichia spp., hemoplasmas and Bartonella spp. in D. marsupialis sampled in northeastern Brazil, with description of putative novel genotypes of Ehrlichia and Hepatozoon and copositivity by different vector-borne agents. The present work consolidates the "South American Marsupialia" piroplasmid clade, adding one more genotype of Babesia sp. to this clade.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ana Cláudia Calchi
- Vector-Borne Bioagents Laboratory (VBBL), Department of Pathology, Reproduction and One Health, School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences (FCAV), São Paulo State University (Unesp), Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Victória Valente Califre de Mello
- Vector-Borne Bioagents Laboratory (VBBL), Department of Pathology, Reproduction and One Health, School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences (FCAV), São Paulo State University (Unesp), Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Anna Claudia Baumel Mongruel
- Vector-Borne Bioagents Laboratory (VBBL), Department of Pathology, Reproduction and One Health, School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences (FCAV), São Paulo State University (Unesp), Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Clara Morato Dias
- Vector-Borne Bioagents Laboratory (VBBL), Department of Pathology, Reproduction and One Health, School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences (FCAV), São Paulo State University (Unesp), Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Bassini-Silva
- Vector-Borne Bioagents Laboratory (VBBL), Department of Pathology, Reproduction and One Health, School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences (FCAV), São Paulo State University (Unesp), Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Rosangela Zacarias Machado
- Vector-Borne Bioagents Laboratory (VBBL), Department of Pathology, Reproduction and One Health, School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences (FCAV), São Paulo State University (Unesp), Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcos Rogério André
- Vector-Borne Bioagents Laboratory (VBBL), Department of Pathology, Reproduction and One Health, School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences (FCAV), São Paulo State University (Unesp), Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil.
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Alias NNA, Omar S, Ahmad NI, Watanabe M, Tay ST, Aziz NA, Mustaffa-Kamal F. Profiling Bartonella infection and its associated risk factors in shelter cats in Malaysia. J Vet Sci 2023; 24:e38. [PMID: 37271506 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.22277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Poor disease management and irregular vector control could predispose sheltered animals to disease such as feline Bartonella infection, a vector-borne zoonotic disease primarily caused by Bartonella henselae. OBJECTIVES This study investigated the status of Bartonella infection in cats from eight (n = 8) shelters by molecular and serological approaches, profiling the CD4:CD8 ratio and the risk factors associated with Bartonella infection in shelter cats. METHODS Bartonella deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) was detected through polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting 16S-23S rRNA internal transcribed spacer gene, followed by DNA sequencing. Bartonella IgM and IgG antibody titre, CD4 and CD8 profiles were detected using indirect immunofluorescence assay and flow cytometric analysis, respectively. RESULTS B. henselae was detected through PCR and sequencing in 1.0% (1/101) oral swab and 2.0% (1/50) cat fleas, while another 3/50 cat fleas carried B. clarridgeiae. Only 18/101 cats were seronegative against B. henselae, whereas 30.7% (31/101) cats were positive for both IgM and IgG, 8% (18/101) cats had IgM, and 33.7% (34/101) cats had IgG antibody only. None of the eight shelters sampled had Bartonella antibody-free cats. Although abnormal CD4:CD8 ratio was observed in 48/83 seropositive cats, flea infestation was the only significant risk factor observed in this study. CONCLUSIONS The present study provides the first comparison on the Bartonella spp. antigen, antibody status and CD4:CD8 ratio among shelter cats. The high B. henselae seropositivity among shelter cats presumably due to significant flea infestation triggers an alarm of whether the infection could go undetectable and its potential transmission to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurul Najwa Ainaa Alias
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sharina Omar
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nur Indah Ahmad
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Malaika Watanabe
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sun Tee Tay
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nor Azlina Aziz
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Farina Mustaffa-Kamal
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Buhler KJ, Fernando C, Hill JE, Galloway T, Carriere S, Fenton H, Fauteux D, Jenkins EJ. Combining deep sequencing and conventional molecular approaches reveals broad diversity and distribution of fleas and Bartonella in rodents and shrews from Arctic and Subarctic ecosystems. Parasit Vectors 2022; 15:366. [PMID: 36229832 PMCID: PMC9563109 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-022-05446-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bartonella are intracellular bacteria that are transmitted via animal scratches, bites and hematophagous arthropods. Rodents and their associated fleas play a key role in the maintenance of Bartonella worldwide, with > 22 species identified in rodent hosts. No studies have addressed the occurrence and diversity of Bartonella species and vectors for small mammals in Arctic and Subarctic ecosystems, which are increasingly impacted by invasive species and climate change. METHODS In this study, we characterized the diversity of rodent fleas using conventional PCR targeting the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase II gene (COII) and Bartonella species in rodents and shrews (n = 505) from northern Canada using conventional PCR targeting the ITS (intergenic transcribed spacer) region and gltA (citrate synthase) gene. Metagenomic sequencing of a portion of the gltA gene was completed on a subset of 42 rodents and four rodent flea pools. RESULTS Year, total summer precipitation the year prior to sampling, average minimum spring temperature and small mammal species were significant factors in predicting Bartonella positivity. Occurrence based on the ITS region was more than double that of the gltA gene and was 34% (n = 349) in northern red-backed voles, 35% (n = 20) in meadow voles, 37% (n = 68) in deer mice and 31% (n = 59) in shrews. Six species of Bartonella were identified with the ITS region, including B. grahamii, B. elizabethae, B. washoensis, Candidatus B. rudakovii, B. doshiae, B. vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii and subsp. arupensis. In addition, 47% (n = 49/105) of ITS amplicons had < 97% identity to sequences in GenBank, possibly due to a limited reference library or previously unreported species. An additional Bartonella species (B. heixiaziensis) was detected during metagenomic sequencing of the gltA gene in 6/11 rodents that had ITS sequences with < 97% identity in GenBank, highlighting that a limited reference library for the ITS marker likely accounted for low sequence similarity in our specimens. In addition, one flea pool from a northern red-backed vole contained multiple species (B. grahamii and B. heixiaziensis). CONCLUSION Our study calls attention to the usefulness of a combined approach to determine the occurrence and diversity of Bartonella communities in hosts and vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayla J Buhler
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B4, Canada.
| | - Champika Fernando
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B4, Canada
| | - Janet E Hill
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B4, Canada
| | - Terry Galloway
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Manitoba, 12 Dafoe Road, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Suzanne Carriere
- Department of Environment and Natural Resources, 5Th Floor Scotiabank Centre, Government of The Northwest Territories, PO Box 1320, Yellowknife, Northwest Territories, X1A 2P9, Canada
| | - Heather Fenton
- Department of Environment and Natural Resources, 5Th Floor Scotiabank Centre, Government of The Northwest Territories, PO Box 1320, Yellowknife, Northwest Territories, X1A 2P9, Canada.,Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre, Saint Kitts and Nevis
| | - Dominique Fauteux
- Centre for Arctic Knowledge and Exploration, Canadian Museum of Nature, 1740, Chemin Pink, Gatineau, QC, J9J 3N7, Canada
| | - Emily J Jenkins
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B4, Canada
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11
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Yu J, Xie B, Bi GY, Zuo HH, Du XY, Bi LF, Li DM, Rao HX. Prevalence and diversity of small rodent-associated Bartonella species in Shangdang Basin, China. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2022; 16:e0010446. [PMID: 35648747 PMCID: PMC9159596 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence and molecular characteristics of Bartonella infections in small rodents in the Shangdang Basin, China. Small rodents were captured using snap traps, and their liver, spleen, and kidney tissues were harvested for Bartonella detection and identification using a combination of real-time PCR of the ssrA gene (296 bp) and conventional PCR and sequencing of the gltA gene (379 bp). Results showed that 55 of 147 small rodents to be positive for Bartonella, with a positivity rate of 37.41%, and 95% confidence interval of 29.50%- 45.33%. While the positivity rate across genders (42.62% in males and 33.72% in females, χ2 = 1.208, P = 0.272) and tissues (28.57% in liver, 33.59% in spleen, and 36.76% in kidney, χ2 = 2.197, P = 0.333) of small rodents was not statistically different, that in different habitats (5.13% in villages, 84.44% in forests, and 54.17% in farmlands, χ2 = 80.105, P<0.001) was statistically different. There were 42 Bartonella sequences identified in six species, including 30 B. grahamii, three B. phoceensis, two B. japonica, two B. queenslandensis, one B. fuyuanensis and four unknown Bartonella species from Niviventer confucianus, Apodemus agrarius and Tscherskia triton. In addition to habitat, Bartonella species infection could be affected by the rodent species as well. Among the Bartonella species detected in this area, B. grahamii was the dominant epidemic species (accounting for 71.43%). B. grahamii exhibited four distinct clusters, and showed a certain host specificity. In addition, 11 haplotypes of B. grahamii were observed using DNASP 6.12.03, among which nine haplotypes were novel. Overall, high occurrence and genetic diversity of Bartonella were observed among small rodents in the Shangdang Basin; this information could potentially help the prevention and control of rodent-Bartonella species in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Yu
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, China
| | - Bing Xie
- Department of Nursing, Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, China
| | - Ge-Yue Bi
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, China
| | - Hui-Hui Zuo
- Department of Teaching and Scientific Research, Heping Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, China
| | - Xia-Yan Du
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, China
| | - Li-Fang Bi
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, China
| | - Dong-Mei Li
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (DML); (HXR)
| | - Hua-Xiang Rao
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, China
- * E-mail: (DML); (HXR)
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12
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Nivy R, Lavi-Ginzberg Y, de Sousa KCM, Golani Y, Kuzi S, Nachum-Biala Y, Harrus S. Treatment of a cat with presumed Bartonella henselae-associated immune-mediated hemolytic anemia, fever, and lymphadenitis. J Vet Intern Med 2022; 36:1106-1112. [PMID: 35385154 PMCID: PMC9151487 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
A 2.5‐year‐old castrated male cat presented with fever and marked generalized lymphadenopathy of 4‐months duration, despite treatment with amoxicillin‐clavulanate/marbofloxacin. Abnormalities were not detected on complete blood count, serum chemistry, and FIV/FeLV test apart from a borderline, non‐regenerative anemia. Peripheral lymph node fine needle aspirations revealed a marked increase in the percentage of intermediate‐ and lymphoblastic‐lymphocytes in addition to reactive macrophages. Three weeks after presentation, the cat developed a severe, regenerative, immune‐mediated hemolytic anemia (IMHA) which responded to immunosuppressive therapy. Fever and lymphadenopathy persisted. Peripheral lymph nodes tested positive for Bartonella henselae DNA in real‐time PCR assay and sequencing. Treatment with pradofloxacin and doxycycline resulted in resolution of clinical signs, and negative PCR tests. Despite its reported low pathogenicity, B. henselae infection should also be considered in cats with protracted unexplained fever, lymphadenitis, and IMHA. Furthermore, a combination of pradofloxacin and doxycycline might be considered in cats with bartonellosis given its apparent clinical efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Nivy
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel.,Ben-Shemen Specialist Referral Center, Ben-Shemen Youth Village, Israel
| | | | | | | | - Sharon Kuzi
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yaarit Nachum-Biala
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Shimon Harrus
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
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13
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Raimundo JM, Guimarães A, Amaro GM, Silva ATD, Rodrigues CJBC, Santos HA, Lemos ERSD, Favacho ARDM, Baldani CD. Prevalence of Bartonella species in shelter cats and their ectoparasites in southeastern Brazil. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE PARASITOLOGIA VETERINARIA = BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY : ORGAO OFICIAL DO COLEGIO BRASILEIRO DE PARASITOLOGIA VETERINARIA 2022; 31:e014221. [PMID: 35195184 PMCID: PMC9901869 DOI: 10.1590/s1984-29612022006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Feline Bartonella can be transmitted to humans through cat scratches or bites, and between cats, by the flea Ctenocephalides felis. The study was carried out in order to investigate the occurrence of Bartonella DNA in cats living in shelters and their ectoparasites and the relationship between the infection status of cats and ectoparasites they host. Bartonella DNA was detected in 47.8% of the cat blood samples, 18.3% of C. felis fleas, 13.3% of flea egg pools and 12.5% of lice pools. B. henselae and B. clarridgeiae DNA were detected in cat fleas, while B. henselae, B. clarridgeiae and B. koehlerae were found in blood samples from bacteremic cats. Cats infested by positive ectoparasites showed approximately twice the odds of being infected. Our results indicate that shelter cats have high prevalence of Bartonella species that are known to be human pathogens. This highlights the importance of controlling infestations by ectoparasites to avoid cat and human infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Macedo Raimundo
- Laboratório de Patologia Clínica Veterinária, Departamento de Medicina e Cirurgia Veterinária, Instituto de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro - UFRRJ, Seropédica, RJ, Brasil
| | - Andresa Guimarães
- Laboratório de Patologia Clínica Veterinária, Departamento de Medicina e Cirurgia Veterinária, Instituto de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro - UFRRJ, Seropédica, RJ, Brasil
| | - Gleice Marques Amaro
- Laboratório de Patologia Clínica Veterinária, Departamento de Medicina e Cirurgia Veterinária, Instituto de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro - UFRRJ, Seropédica, RJ, Brasil
| | - Aline Tonussi da Silva
- Laboratório de Patologia Clínica Veterinária, Departamento de Medicina e Cirurgia Veterinária, Instituto de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro - UFRRJ, Seropédica, RJ, Brasil
| | - Caio Junior Balduino Coutinho Rodrigues
- Laboratório de Controle Microbiano, Departamento de Parasitologia Animal, Instituto de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro - UFRRJ, Seropédica, RJ, Brasil
| | - Huarrisson Azevedo Santos
- Laboratório de Sanidade Avícola, Departamento de Epidemiologia e Saúde Pública, Instituto de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro - UFRRJ, Seropédica, RJ, Brasil
| | | | | | - Cristiane Divan Baldani
- Laboratório de Patologia Clínica Veterinária, Departamento de Medicina e Cirurgia Veterinária, Instituto de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro - UFRRJ, Seropédica, RJ, Brasil
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14
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de Souza AJS, Coutinho LN, Silva WBD, Imbeloni AA, Carneiro LA, Kanashiro-Galo L, Hagen SCF, Malheiros AP, Sá LRMD. Hepatic lesions in captive owl monkeys (Aotus infulatus) with ultrasonographic "starry sky" liver. J Med Primatol 2021; 50:240-248. [PMID: 34357588 DOI: 10.1111/jmp.12535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The "starry sky" (SK) liver is ultrasonographic pattern characterized by multiple hyperechogenic foci in hepatic parenchyma. The study aimed to characterize the microscopic hepatic lesions in captive owl monkeys with SK liver. METHODS Thirty-seven clinically healthy owl monkeys had their liver scanned and 18 of them had liver biopsy. Animals with SK and peliosis hepatis (PH) were subjected to immunohistochemical and molecular screening for Bartonella spp. RESULTS SK liver occurred in 59.4% (22/37) of the owl monkeys. Biopsied animals showed steatosis, hydropic degeneration, hemosiderosis, PH, and multifocal granulomatous hepatitis. Two monkeys had SK, granulomatous hepatitis, and PH which were negative for Bartonella spp. CONCLUSIONS PH and granulomatous hepatitis associated with hepatocellular degenerative lesions may present as hyperechoic nodular liver lesions consisted of SK liver; therefore, concomitant occurrence of two lesions or more contributed to the hepatic SK pattern among owl monkeys and such cases might be clinically monitored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Junior Souza de Souza
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil.,Hepatology Section, Secretary of Health Surveillance, Ministry of Health, Evandro Chagas Institute (IEC), Belém, Brazil
| | - Leandro Nassar Coutinho
- Institute of Animal Health and Production, Federal Rural University of Amazônia (UFRA), Belém, Brazil
| | | | - Aline Amaral Imbeloni
- National Primate Center (CENP), Secretary of Health Surveillance, Ministry of Health, Ananindeua, Brazil
| | - Liliane Almeida Carneiro
- National Primate Center (CENP), Secretary of Health Surveillance, Ministry of Health, Ananindeua, Brazil
| | - Luciane Kanashiro-Galo
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Stefano Carlo Filippo Hagen
- Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andreza Pinheiro Malheiros
- Hepatology Section, Secretary of Health Surveillance, Ministry of Health, Evandro Chagas Institute (IEC), Belém, Brazil
| | - Lilian Rose Marques de Sá
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
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15
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Lashnits E, Neupane P, Bradley JM, Richardson T, Maggi RG, Breitschwerdt EB. Comparison of Serological and Molecular Assays for Bartonella Species in Dogs with Hemangiosarcoma. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10070794. [PMID: 34201572 PMCID: PMC8308881 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10070794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, a gold standard diagnostic test for Bartonella infection in dogs is lacking. This represents a critical limitation for the development and evaluation of new diagnostic tests, as well as for the diagnosis of, and research on, bartonellosis in dogs. This retrospective observational study aims to compare the results of commonly performed and newly-reported Bartonella spp. diagnostic tests in banked clinical specimens from 90 dogs with hemangiosarcoma (HSA) using composite reference standard (CRS) and random effects latent class analysis (RE-LCA) techniques. Samples from each dog were tested using six serological or molecular diagnostic assays, including indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) and Western blot (WB) for the detection of antibodies in serum, and qPCR and droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) in blood and fresh frozen tissue biopsy samples (mainly splenic HSA tumors and histopathologically normal spleen or skin/adipose tissue). Bartonella infection prevalence was estimated to be 78% based on the CRS (parallel testing with all six assays), and 64% based on the RE-LCA model. The assay with the highest diagnostic accuracy was qPCR performed on fresh frozen tissue biopsy samples (sensitivity: 94% by RE-LCA and 80% by CRS; specificity: 100%). When comparing newly-reported to traditional Bartonella diagnostic assays, ddPCR was more sensitive for the detection of Bartonella DNA than qPCR when testing blood samples (36% vs. 0%, p < 0.0001). Dogs that were positive on serological assays alone with negative molecular assays were highly unlikely (<3%) to be classified as infected by the RE-LCA model. These data indicate that Bartonella spp. DNA can be PCR amplified from fresh frozen tissues from a majority of dogs with HSA using both qPCR and ddPCR, supporting the use of these methods for future controlled studies comparing the prevalence of Bartonella spp. DNA in the tissue of dogs with HSA to that of unaffected controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Lashnits
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53713, USA;
- Intracellular Pathogens Research Laboratory, Comparative Medicine Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA; (P.N.); (J.M.B.); (T.R.); (R.G.M.)
| | - Pradeep Neupane
- Intracellular Pathogens Research Laboratory, Comparative Medicine Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA; (P.N.); (J.M.B.); (T.R.); (R.G.M.)
| | - Julie M. Bradley
- Intracellular Pathogens Research Laboratory, Comparative Medicine Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA; (P.N.); (J.M.B.); (T.R.); (R.G.M.)
| | - Toni Richardson
- Intracellular Pathogens Research Laboratory, Comparative Medicine Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA; (P.N.); (J.M.B.); (T.R.); (R.G.M.)
| | - Ricardo G. Maggi
- Intracellular Pathogens Research Laboratory, Comparative Medicine Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA; (P.N.); (J.M.B.); (T.R.); (R.G.M.)
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
| | - Edward B. Breitschwerdt
- Intracellular Pathogens Research Laboratory, Comparative Medicine Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA; (P.N.); (J.M.B.); (T.R.); (R.G.M.)
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
- Correspondence:
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Hedgehogs and Squirrels as Hosts of Zoonotic Bartonella Species. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10060686. [PMID: 34205901 PMCID: PMC8229113 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10060686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Free-living animals frequently play a key role in the circulation of various zoonotic vector-borne pathogens. Bacteria of the genus Bartonella are transmitted by blood-feeding arthropods and infect a large range of mammals. Although only several species have been identified as causative agents of human disease, it has been proposed that any Bartonella species found in animals may be capable of infecting humans. Within a wide-ranging survey in various geographical regions of the Czech Republic, cadavers of accidentally killed synurbic mammalian species, namely Eurasian red squirrel (Sciurus vulgaris), European hedgehog (Erinaceus europaeus) and Northern white-breasted hedgehog (Erinaceus roumanicus), were sampled and tested for Bartonella presence using multiple PCR reaction approach targeting several DNA loci. We demonstrate that cadavers constitute an available and highly useful source of biological material for pathogen screening. High infection rates of Bartonella spp., ranging from 24% to 76%, were confirmed for all three tested mammalian species, and spleen, ear, lung and liver tissues were demonstrated as the most suitable for Bartonella DNA detection. The wide spectrum of Bartonella spp. that were identified includes three species with previously validated zoonotic potential, B. grahamii, B. melophagi and B. washoensis, accompanied by ‘Candidatus B. rudakovii’ and two putative novel species, Bartonella sp. ERIN and Bartonella sp. SCIER.
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Sricharern W, Kaewchot S, Saengsawang P, Kaewmongkol S, Inpankaew T. Molecular Detection of Bartonella quintana among Long-Tailed Macaques ( Macaca fascicularis) in Thailand. Pathogens 2021; 10:629. [PMID: 34069707 PMCID: PMC8160695 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10050629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bartonella quintana is a zoonotic pathogen with a worldwide distribution. Humans and non-human primates are considered to be natural reservoir hosts for B. quintana. However, information on the molecular epidemiology of this organism is very limited in regard to long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis) in Thailand. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the occurrence and genetic diversity of Bartonella spp. among long-tailed macaques in Thailand. In total, 856 blood samples were collected from long-tailed macaques in Thailand. All specimens were screened for Bartonella spp. using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay targeting the 16S rRNA, gltA and ftsZ genes. All positive samples were further analyzed based on nucleotide sequencing, phylogenetic analysis and multiple sequence alignment analysis. Only one macaque showed a positive result in the PCR assays based on the 16S rRNA, gltA and ftsZ genes. Nucleotide sequencing and phylogenetic analysis revealed that the obtained sequences were closely related to B. quintana previously detected in non-human primates. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were detected in the gltA and ftsZ gene sequences. This study revealed that long-tailed macaques in Thailand carried B. quintana. Despite the low infection rate detected, long-tailed macaques may be a reservoir of B. quintana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanat Sricharern
- Center for Agricultural Biotechnology, Kamphaengsaen Campus, Kasetsart University, Nakhonpathom 73140, Thailand;
- Center of Excellence on Agricultural Biotechnology, Science and Technology Postgraduate Education and Research Development Office, Commission on Higher Education, Ministry of Education, Science, Research Innovation (AG-BIO/PERDO-CHE), Bangkok 10900, Thailand
- Department of Veterinary Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Technology, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand;
| | - Supakarn Kaewchot
- Department of National Parks, Wildlife and Plant Conservation, Bangkok 10900, Thailand;
| | - Phirabhat Saengsawang
- Akkhraratchakumari Veterinary College, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80161, Thailand;
| | - Sarawan Kaewmongkol
- Department of Veterinary Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Technology, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand;
| | - Tawin Inpankaew
- Center for Agricultural Biotechnology, Kamphaengsaen Campus, Kasetsart University, Nakhonpathom 73140, Thailand;
- Center of Excellence on Agricultural Biotechnology, Science and Technology Postgraduate Education and Research Development Office, Commission on Higher Education, Ministry of Education, Science, Research Innovation (AG-BIO/PERDO-CHE), Bangkok 10900, Thailand
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
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Polat C, Çelebi B, Irmak S, Karataş A, Çolak F, Matur F, Sözen M, Öktem IMA. Characterization of Bartonella taylorii Strains in Small Mammals of the Turkish Thrace. ECOHEALTH 2020; 17:477-486. [PMID: 33788082 DOI: 10.1007/s10393-021-01518-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Rodents play role as a reservoir for some Bartonella species which cause different clinical manifestations in humans. Bartonella spp. existence in rodents of Turkish Thrace has been detected for the first time, and the risky habitat types were evaluated for the infection. Ninety individuals belonging to three small rodent species were screened by PCR, and the overall prevalence of Bartonella infection was 22.2%. The strains were characterized molecularly based on the phylogenetic analyses of two housekeeping genes, rpoB and gltA. They clustered with B. taylorii. The significant effects of habitat types and rodent species on Bartonella infections were observed. It was detected that B. taylorii prevalence was the highest in the swamp forest habitat and A. flavicollis species. The present study demonstrates that A. flavicollis is the reservoir of B. taylorii in the European part of Turkey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ceylan Polat
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Bekir Çelebi
- Department of Zoonotic and Vector Disease, General Directorate of Public Health, Republic of Turkey Ministry of Health, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sercan Irmak
- Science and Technology Application and Research Center, Balıkesir University, Balıkesir, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Karataş
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Niğde Ömer Halisdemir University, Niğde, Turkey
| | - Faruk Çolak
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Zonguldak Bülent Ecevit University, Zonguldak, Turkey
| | - Ferhat Matur
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Sözen
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Zonguldak Bülent Ecevit University, Zonguldak, Turkey
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Ikeda P, Marinho Torres J, Perles L, Lourenço EC, Herrera HM, de Oliveira CE, Zacarias Machado R, André MR. Intra- and Inter-Host Assessment of Bartonella Diversity with Focus on Non-Hematophagous Bats and Associated Ectoparasites from Brazil. Microorganisms 2020; 8:E1822. [PMID: 33227996 PMCID: PMC7699196 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8111822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship among bats, ectoparasites and associated microorganisms is important to investigate how humans can become exposed to zoonotic agents. Even though the diversity of Bartonella spp. in bats and ectoparasites has been previously reported, the occurrence of gltA genotypes within hosts has not been assessed so far. We aimed to investigate the genetic diversity of Bartonella spp. in non-hematophagous bats and associated ectoparasites by assessing cloned gltA Bartonella genotypes in intra- and inter-hosts levels, as well as by using three additional molecular markers. Overall, 13.5% (18/133) bat blood samples, 17.18% bat flies (11/64) and 23.8% (5/21) Macronyssidae mite pools showed to be positive for Bartonella spp. Seventeen positive samples were submitted to gltA-cloning and three clones were sequenced for each sample. We also obtained 11, seven and three sequences for nuoG, rpoB and ftsZ genes, respectively. None were positive for the other target genes. We found at least two genotypes among the three gltA-cloned sequences from each sample, and 13 between all the 51 sequences. Among the nuoG, rpoB and ftsZ sequences we found eight, five and three genotypes, respectively. In the phylogenetic analysis, the sequences were positioned mainly in groups related to Bartonella identified in rodents, bats and bat flies. Herein, we showed the genetic diversity of Bartonella in bat's blood and associated ectoparasites samples at both intra- and inter-host levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila Ikeda
- Laboratório de Imunoparasitologia, Departamento de Patologia, Reprodução e Saúde Única, Universidade Estadual “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Jaboticabal, São Paulo 14884-900, Brazil; (P.I.); (L.P.); (R.Z.M.)
| | - Jaire Marinho Torres
- Laboratório de Biologia Parasitária, Programa de Pós Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul 79117-900, Brazil; (J.M.T.); (H.M.H.); (C.E.d.O.)
| | - Lívia Perles
- Laboratório de Imunoparasitologia, Departamento de Patologia, Reprodução e Saúde Única, Universidade Estadual “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Jaboticabal, São Paulo 14884-900, Brazil; (P.I.); (L.P.); (R.Z.M.)
| | - Elizabete Captivo Lourenço
- Laboratório de Ecologia de Mamíferos, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 20550-013, Brazil;
| | - Heitor Miraglia Herrera
- Laboratório de Biologia Parasitária, Programa de Pós Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul 79117-900, Brazil; (J.M.T.); (H.M.H.); (C.E.d.O.)
| | - Carina Elisei de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Biologia Parasitária, Programa de Pós Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul 79117-900, Brazil; (J.M.T.); (H.M.H.); (C.E.d.O.)
| | - Rosangela Zacarias Machado
- Laboratório de Imunoparasitologia, Departamento de Patologia, Reprodução e Saúde Única, Universidade Estadual “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Jaboticabal, São Paulo 14884-900, Brazil; (P.I.); (L.P.); (R.Z.M.)
| | - Marcos Rogério André
- Laboratório de Imunoparasitologia, Departamento de Patologia, Reprodução e Saúde Única, Universidade Estadual “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Jaboticabal, São Paulo 14884-900, Brazil; (P.I.); (L.P.); (R.Z.M.)
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20
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Sepúlveda-García P, Raffo E, Medina-Vogel G, Muñoz F, Muñoz P, Alabí A, Navarrete-Talloni MJ, Gonçalves LR, Califre de Mello VV, Machado RZ, André MR, Bittencourt P, Müller A. Molecular survey of Bartonella spp. and haemoplasmas in American minks (Neovison vison). Transbound Emerg Dis 2020; 68:2094-2110. [PMID: 32985137 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to perform a molecular survey and characterize Bartonella spp. and haemotropic Mycoplasma (haemoplasmas) in invasive American minks (Neovison vison) from Southern Chile. Additionally, we addressed risk factors for positivity in both groups of agents. Blood and/or tissue samples from 246 minks were analysed by qPCR targeting the nuoG gene for Bartonella spp. and conventional (c)PCR for 16S rRNA for haemotropic Mycoplasma spp. nuoG qPCR-positive Bartonella spp. samples were submitted to cPCR assays (ITS, ribC, gltA, rpoB, pap-31 and ftsZ genes) to perform phylogenetic inferences. Haemotropic Mycoplasma spp. 16S-positive samples were further amplified by cPCR targeting RNaseP gene (160-210 bp) and by two overlapping 16S rRNA cPCR assays to amplify a larger portion of the gene (1,200bp) for phylogenetics. Bartonella DNA was detected in 8.9% of minks (22/246). Out of 22 nuoG qPCR-positive samples, one and two showed positive results in cPCR assays based on ITS and ribC, respectively. Consistent sequencing results were obtained for only one ITS sample (464 bp sequence), which shared 99.6% identity with B. clarridgeiae. Two per cent of minks (5/246) were positive for 16S rRNA haemotropic Mycoplasma-cPCR assay. Two concatenated sequences of 16S rRNA (1,176 and 1,230 bp) were obtained: one sample shared 97.87% identity with haemotropic Mycoplasma sp. from a wild rodent, and the other 96.49% identity with 'Candidatus Mycoplasma haematoparvum' from a dog. All BLAST results were supported by phylogenetic analysis. One haemoplasma RNase P sequence shared 94.86% identity with Mycoplasma haemofelis from a cat. No risk factors for PCR positivity were identified. In a nutshell, Bartonella clarridgeiae and a potentially novel haemoplasma closely related to haemoplasmas previously reported in rodents, dogs, domestic and wild cats were described for the first time in American minks.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gonzalo Medina-Vogel
- Centro de investigación para la sustentabilidad, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Francisco Muñoz
- Centro de investigación para la sustentabilidad, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pamela Muñoz
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Amir Alabí
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | | | - Luiz Ricardo Gonçalves
- Departament of Pathology, Theriogenology and One Health, Universidade Estadual Paulista (FCAV/UNESP), Jaboticabal, Brazil
| | | | - Rosangela Zacarias Machado
- Departament of Pathology, Theriogenology and One Health, Universidade Estadual Paulista (FCAV/UNESP), Jaboticabal, Brazil
| | - Marcos Rogério André
- Departament of Pathology, Theriogenology and One Health, Universidade Estadual Paulista (FCAV/UNESP), Jaboticabal, Brazil
| | - Pedro Bittencourt
- Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre, Saint Kitts and Nevis
| | - Ananda Müller
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.,Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre, Saint Kitts and Nevis
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Buhler KJ, Maggi RG, Gailius J, Galloway TD, Chilton NB, Alisauskas RT, Samelius G, Bouchard É, Jenkins EJ. Hopping species and borders: detection of Bartonella spp. in avian nest fleas and arctic foxes from Nunavut, Canada. Parasit Vectors 2020; 13:469. [PMID: 32928287 PMCID: PMC7490881 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-020-04344-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In a warmer and more globally connected Arctic, vector-borne pathogens of zoonotic importance may be increasing in prevalence in native wildlife. Recently, Bartonella henselae, the causative agent of cat scratch fever, was detected in blood collected from arctic foxes (Vulpes lagopus) that were captured and released in the large goose colony at Karrak Lake, Nunavut, Canada. This bacterium is generally associated with cats and cat fleas, which are absent from Arctic ecosystems. Arctic foxes in this region feed extensively on migratory geese, their eggs, and their goslings. Thus, we hypothesized that a nest flea, Ceratophyllus vagabundus vagabundus (Boheman, 1865), may serve as a vector for transmission of Bartonella spp. METHODS We determined the prevalence of Bartonella spp. in (i) nest fleas collected from 5 arctic fox dens and (ii) 37 surrounding goose nests, (iii) fleas collected from 20 geese harvested during arrival at the nesting grounds and (iv) blood clots from 57 adult live-captured arctic foxes. A subsample of fleas were identified morphologically as C. v. vagabundus. Remaining fleas were pooled for each nest, den, or host. DNA was extracted from flea pools and blood clots and analyzed with conventional and real-time polymerase chain reactions targeting the 16S-23S rRNA intergenic transcribed spacer region. RESULTS Bartonella henselae was identified in 43% of pooled flea samples from nests and 40% of pooled flea samples from fox dens. Bartonella vinsonii berkhoffii was identified in 30% of pooled flea samples collected from 20 geese. Both B. vinsonii berkhoffii (n = 2) and B. rochalimae (n = 1) were identified in the blood of foxes. CONCLUSIONS We confirm that B. henselae, B. vinsonii berkhoffii and B. rochalimae circulate in the Karrak Lake ecosystem and that nest fleas contain B. vinsonii and B. henselae DNA, suggesting that this flea may serve as a potential vector for transmission among Arctic wildlife.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayla J Buhler
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B4, Canada.
| | - Ricardo G Maggi
- Intracellular Pathogens Research Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC, 27606, USA
| | - Julie Gailius
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B4, Canada
| | - Terry D Galloway
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Manitoba, 12 Dafoe Road, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Neil B Chilton
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Science Place, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E2, Canada
| | - Ray T Alisauskas
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Science Place, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E2, Canada
- Prairie and Northern Wildlife Research Centre, Wildlife Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 115 Perimeter Road, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 0X4, Canada
| | - Gustaf Samelius
- Snow Leopard Trust, 4649 Sunnyside Ave North, Suite 325, Seattle, WA, 98103, USA
| | - Émilie Bouchard
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B4, Canada
| | - Emily J Jenkins
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B4, Canada
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22
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Gonçalves LR, Harrus S, Gutiérrez R, Herrera HM, de Souza Ramos IA, Porfírio GEDO, Nachum-Biala Y, de Sousa KCM, da Silva TMV, Campos JBV, Lemos W, Moraes Barros-Battesti D, Machado RZ, André MR. Molecular detection and genetic diversity of Bartonella species in large ruminants and associated ectoparasites from the Brazilian Cerrado. Transbound Emerg Dis 2020; 67:1888-1897. [PMID: 32068964 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Currently, five Bartonella species and an expanding number of Candidatus Bartonella species have globally been reported in ruminants. Likewise, different Bartonella genotypes were identified. However, studies relating to ruminant-associated Bartonella in Brazil are scarce. The current study aimed to assess the prevalence and genetic diversity of Bartonella in cattle, buffaloes and associated ectoparasites in Brazil. For this purpose, EDTA-blood samples from 75 cattle and 101 buffaloes were sampled. Additionally, 128 Rhipicephalus microplus and one Amblyomma sculptum ticks collected from cattle, and 197 R. microplus, one A. sculptum and 170 lice (Haematopinus tuberculatus) collected from buffaloes were included. Bartonella DNA was initially screened through an HRM real-time PCR assay targeting the 16S-23S internal transcribed spacer (ITS), and the positive samples were submitted to an additional HRM assay targeting the ssrA gene. The HRM-positive amplicons were sequenced, and the nucleotide identity was assessed by BLASTn. Bartonella spp.-positive DNA samples were analysed by conventional PCR assays targeting the gltA and rpoB genes, and then, the samples were cloned. Finally, the phylogenetic positioning and the genetic diversity of clones were assessed. Overall, 21 of 75 (28%) cattle blood samples and 13 of 126 (10.3%) associated ticks were positive for Bartonella bovis. Out of 101 buffaloes, 95 lice and 188 tick DNA samples, one (1%) buffalo and four (4.2%) lice were positive for Bartonella spp. Conversely, none of the ticks obtained from buffaloes were positive for Bartonella. The Bartonella sequences from buffaloes showed identity ranging from 100% (ITS and gltA) to 94% (ssrA) with B. bovis. In contrast, the Bartonella DNA sequences from lice were identical (100%) to uncultured Bartonella sp. detected in cattle tail louse (Haematopinus quadripertusus) from Israel in all amplified genes. The present study demonstrates the prevalence of new B. bovis genotypes and a cattle lice-associated Bartonella species in large ruminants and their ectoparasites from Brazil. These findings shed light on the distribution and genetic diversity of ruminant- and ectoparasite-related Bartonella in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz Ricardo Gonçalves
- Graduate Program of Agricultural and Livestock Microbiology, Faculty of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences (FCAV/UNESP), Jaboticabal, Brazil
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences (FCAV/UNESP), Jaboticabal, Brazil
| | - Shimon Harrus
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ricardo Gutiérrez
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | | | | | | | - Yaarit Nachum-Biala
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Keyla Carstens Marques de Sousa
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | | | | | - Wagner Lemos
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences (FCAV/UNESP), Jaboticabal, Brazil
| | - Darci Moraes Barros-Battesti
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences (FCAV/UNESP), Jaboticabal, Brazil
| | - Rosangela Zacarias Machado
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences (FCAV/UNESP), Jaboticabal, Brazil
| | - Marcos Rogério André
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences (FCAV/UNESP), Jaboticabal, Brazil
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23
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Maggi RG, Richardson T, Breitschwerdt EB, Miller JC. Development and validation of a droplet digital PCR assay for the detection and quantification of Bartonella species within human clinical samples. J Microbiol Methods 2020; 176:106022. [PMID: 32795640 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2020.106022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
This report describes the development, optimization, and validation of a ddPCR assay for the detection of Bartonella spp. DNA within several sample matrices, including clinical blood samples from patients with or without documented Bartonella spp. bacteremia. The Bartonella spp. ddPCR assay was developed based upon previously published TaqMan-based qPCR assays that can amplify DNA of over 25 Bartonella spp. Host DNA (housekeeping gene) amplification serves as a reference target to facilitate quantification. The efficiency, sensitivity, and specificity of the Bartonella spp. ddPCR assay was assessed by direct comparison with the current qPCR methods used by the Intracellular Pathogens Research Laboratory (North Carolina State University, North Carolina, USA), and Galaxy Diagnostics (Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA). Bartonella spp. ddPCR assay parameters were successfully optimized to detect Bartonella concentrations equivalent to 0.5 bacterial genome copies per microliter of blood (0.001 pg/ul of bacterial DNA). The number of droplets detected (resolution) for each concentration was consistent across each of four assessed time points. The Bartonella spp. ddPCR assay detected 16 species/strains including B. henselae; B. quintana; B. vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii (genotypes I, II, III and IV); B. vinsonii subsp. vinsonii; B. melophagi; B. volans; B. monaki; B. alsatica; B. bovis; B. elizabethae; B. clarridgeiae; and B. koehlerae. Bartonella DNA was detected in only one previously negative patient sample (119/120 negative; 99% specificity). The ddPCR sensitivity (53/112) was significantly better than qPCR (6/112) when testing patient blood and enrichment blood culture samples. The development of commercial ddPCR systems with integrated technologies has significantly streamlined the DNA detection process, making it more efficient and standardized for clinical diagnostic testing. The assay described in this work is the first step toward the development of a multiplex ddPCR assay (i.e., using the QX One from Bio-Rad) for the simultaneous detection and absolute quantification of multiple vector-borne pathogens (such as Babesia, Bartonella and Borrelia) within clinical samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo G Maggi
- Galaxy Diagnostics, Inc, 7020 Kit Creek Rd #130, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA; Department of Clinical Sciences, The Comparative Medicine Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
| | - Toni Richardson
- Galaxy Diagnostics, Inc, 7020 Kit Creek Rd #130, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Edward B Breitschwerdt
- Galaxy Diagnostics, Inc, 7020 Kit Creek Rd #130, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA; Department of Clinical Sciences, The Comparative Medicine Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
| | - Jennifer C Miller
- Galaxy Diagnostics, Inc, 7020 Kit Creek Rd #130, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.
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Gonçalves LR, Harrus S, Herrera HM, Gutiérrez R, Pedrassani D, Nantes WAG, Santos FM, Porfírio GEDO, Barreto WTG, de Macedo GC, Assis WDO, Campos JBV, da Silva TMV, Biolchi J, de Sousa KCM, Nachum-Biala Y, Barros-Battesti DM, Machado RZ, André MR. Low occurrence of Bartonella in synanthropic mammals and associated ectoparasites in peri-urban areas from Central-Western and Southern Brazil. Acta Trop 2020; 207:105513. [PMID: 32371220 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2020.105513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Worldwide, Bartonella species are known to infect a wide range of mammalian and arthropod hosts, including humans. The current study aimed to investigate the prevalence of Bartonella spp. in synanthropic mammals captured in peri-urban areas from Central-Western and Southern Brazil and their ectoparasites. For this aim, 160 mammals belonging to four species, and 218 associated arthropods were sampled. DNA was extracted and subjected to different Bartonella screening assays. Additionally, blood samples from 48 small rodents were submitted to liquid BAPGM culture followed by qPCR assay and solid culture. Two out of 55 Rattus captured in Santa Catarina state were PCR-positive for Bartonella when targeting the nuoG, 16S, and ITS loci. Sequences showed high homology with Bartonella coopersplainsensis. Conversely, all 48 small rodents, 14 capybaras and 43 opossum DNA samples from animals trapped in Mato Grosso do Sul were Bartonella negative in the HRM real time PCR assays targeting the ITS locus and gltA gene. Additionally, all mammal-associated ectoparasites showed negativity results based on HRM real time PCR assays. The present study showed, for the first time, the occurrence of B. coopersplainsensis in Brazil, shedding some light on the distribution of rats-related Bartonella in South America. In addition, the majority of rodents and marsupials were negative for Bartonella spp. Since B. coopersplainsensis reservoirs - Rattus spp. - are widely dispersed around the globe, their zoonotic potential should be further investigated.
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Krügel M, Pfeffer M, Król N, Imholt C, Baert K, Ulrich RG, Obiegala A. Rats as potential reservoirs for neglected zoonotic Bartonella species in Flanders, Belgium. Parasit Vectors 2020; 13:235. [PMID: 32381113 PMCID: PMC7206682 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-020-04098-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bartonella spp. are vector-borne pathogens transmitted to humans via blood-sucking arthropods. Rodents such as the black rat (Rattus rattus) and Norway rat (R. norvegicus) are thought to be the main reservoirs. An infection with rodent-associated Bartonella spp. may cause severe symptoms in humans such as endocarditis and neuroretinitis. The current knowledge of Bartonella prevalence in rats from western Europe is scarce. METHODS Rats and a few other rodent by-catches were trapped in the context of a rodenticide resistance study at different sites in Flanders, Belgium. During dissection, biometric data were collected, and spleen tissues were taken. DNA was extracted from spleen samples and tested for Bartonella spp. by conventional generic polymerase chain reaction (PCR). To determine the Bartonella species, a selected number of amplicons were sequenced and compared with GenBank entries. RESULTS In total, 1123 rodents were trapped. The predominate species was R. norvegicus (99.64%). Other rodents trapped included: two water voles (Arvicola amphibius, 0.18%); one colour rat (R. norvegicus forma domestica, 0.09%); and one muskrat (Ondatra zibethicus, 0.09%). PCR analysis of 1097 rodents resulted in 410 (37.37%, 95% CI: 34.50-40.31%) Bartonella spp. DNA-positive samples. Bartonella tribocorum (94.68%, 95% CI: 88.02-98.25%) was the most frequently detected Bartonella species, followed by B. grahamii (3.19%, 95% CI: 0.66-9.04%) and B. doshiae (1.06%, 95% CI: 0.03-5.79%). An uncultured Bartonella species occurred in one water vole (1.06%, 95% CI: 0.03-5.79%). There was a significantly higher Bartonella prevalence in older rats compared to juveniles and a significant difference in Bartonella prevalence concerning the localisation of trapping sites. In contrast, there was no statistically significant difference in Bartonella prevalence regarding sex, degree of urbanisation and season. CONCLUSIONS Based on the high prevalence found, we conclude that the Norway rat seems to be a key reservoir host for zoonotic B. tribocorum in Belgium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Krügel
- Institute of Animal Hygiene and Veterinary Public Health, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Martin Pfeffer
- Institute of Animal Hygiene and Veterinary Public Health, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Nina Król
- Institute of Animal Hygiene and Veterinary Public Health, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christian Imholt
- Julius Kühn-Institute, Federal Research Institute for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Plant Protection in Horticulture and Forests, Vertebrate Research, Münster, Belgium
| | - Kristof Baert
- Research Institute for Nature and Forest, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Rainer G. Ulrich
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Anna Obiegala
- Institute of Animal Hygiene and Veterinary Public Health, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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26
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André MR, Canola RAM, Braz JB, Perossi IFS, Calchi AC, Ikeda P, Machado RZ, Vasconcelos RDO, Camacho AA. Aortic valve endocarditis due to Bartonella clarridgeiae in a dog in Brazil. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 28:661-670. [PMID: 31618303 DOI: 10.1590/s1984-29612019078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We report the first documented case of endocarditis associated with Bartonella clarridgeiae in a dog in Latin America. Infective vegetative valvular aortic endocarditis was diagnosed in a 10-year-old male mixed breed dog. The dog presented grade V/VI systolic and diastolic murmur, hyperthermia, and progressive weight loss. Cardiomegaly and presence of diffuse alveolar pattern in the lung fields were observed in the thorax radiography evaluation. Irregular and hyperechogenic structures adhered to the aortic leaflets, causing obstruction of the left ventricular outflow tract and severe aortic insufficiency, were observed in the echocardiography evaluation. A vegetative, whitish, hardened structure measuring 1.0 cm in diameter was observed in aortic semilunar valve at necropsy. Based on a combination of pre-enrichment insect-based medium liquid culture, quantitative real-time and conventional PCR assays based on nuoG and gltA genes, respectively, followed by sequencing and phylogenetic inferences, B. clarridgeiae DNA was detected in the patient's aortic valve lesions. Clinical, echocardiographic, anatomopathologic and molecular features supported the diagnosis of severe aortic vegetative endocarditis possibly caused by B. clarridgeiae in a dog in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Rogério André
- Laboratório de Imunoparasitologia, Departamento de Patologia Veterinária, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias - FCAV, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" - UNESP, Jaboticabal, SP, Brasil
| | - Raphaela Arantes Marques Canola
- Serviço de Cardiologia Veterinária, Hospital Veterinário e Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinária, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias - FCAV, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" - UNESP, Jaboticabal, SP, Brasil
| | - Jaislane Bastos Braz
- Serviço de Cardiologia Veterinária, Hospital Veterinário e Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinária, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias - FCAV, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" - UNESP, Jaboticabal, SP, Brasil
| | - Isabella Fernanda Spinelli Perossi
- Serviço de Patologia Veterinária, Departamento de Patologia Veterinária, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias - FCAV, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" - UNESP, Jaboticabal, SP, Brasil
| | - Ana Claudia Calchi
- Laboratório de Imunoparasitologia, Departamento de Patologia Veterinária, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias - FCAV, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" - UNESP, Jaboticabal, SP, Brasil
| | - Priscila Ikeda
- Laboratório de Imunoparasitologia, Departamento de Patologia Veterinária, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias - FCAV, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" - UNESP, Jaboticabal, SP, Brasil
| | - Rosangela Zacarias Machado
- Laboratório de Imunoparasitologia, Departamento de Patologia Veterinária, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias - FCAV, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" - UNESP, Jaboticabal, SP, Brasil
| | - Rosemeri de Oliveira Vasconcelos
- Serviço de Patologia Veterinária, Departamento de Patologia Veterinária, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias - FCAV, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" - UNESP, Jaboticabal, SP, Brasil
| | - Aparecido Antonio Camacho
- Serviço de Cardiologia Veterinária, Hospital Veterinário e Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinária, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias - FCAV, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" - UNESP, Jaboticabal, SP, Brasil
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Raimundo JM, Guimarães A, Amaro GM, da Silva AT, Botelho CFM, Massard CL, de Lemos ERS, Favacho ARM, Baldani CD. Molecular Survey of Bartonella Species in Shelter Cats in Rio De Janeiro: Clinical, Hematological, and Risk Factors. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2020; 100:1321-1327. [PMID: 31017080 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.18-0585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to detect Bartonella DNA in cats belonging to shelters, and to evaluate risk factors, clinical signs, and hematological abnormalities associated with infection. Complete blood counts and screening for the presence of Bartonella DNA were performed on cats' ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid anticoagulant-blood samples. Eighty-three cats (39.9%) were positive for Bartonella species. Bartonella DNA was also detected in fleas and in the blood of cats infested by positive flea. Cats that had not been sterilized, had outdoor access, had histories of fights, and had concurrent flea infestation were more likely to be infected by Bartonella species (P < 0.05). Age and sex were not associated with infection. Fifty-one (38.6%) symptomatic cats were positive to Bartonella species (P > 0.05). Clinical conditions most commonly observed were signs of respiratory abnormality and Sporothrix species coinfection (P > 0.05). Regarding hematological changes, eosinophilia was associated with infection (P < 0.05). A high frequency of Bartonella species infection was found in shelter cats and highlights the importance of adequate flea-control programs to prevent infection in cats and consequently in adopters and other animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana M Raimundo
- Departament of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary Institute, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Brazil
| | - Andresa Guimarães
- Departament of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary Institute, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Brazil
| | - Gleice M Amaro
- Departament of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary Institute, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Brazil
| | - Aline T da Silva
- Departament of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary Institute, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Brazil
| | - Camila F M Botelho
- Departament of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary Institute, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Brazil
| | - Carlos L Massard
- Departament of Animal Parasitology, Veterinary Institute, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Brazil
| | | | | | - Cristiane D Baldani
- Departament of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary Institute, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Brazil
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André MR, Gutiérrez R, Ikeda P, do Amaral RB, de Sousa KCM, Nachum-Biala Y, Lima L, Teixeira MMG, Machado RZ, Harrus S. Genetic diversity of Bartonella spp. in vampire bats from Brazil. Transbound Emerg Dis 2019; 66:2329-2341. [PMID: 31287942 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Recently, an increasing number of Bartonella species have been emerged to cause human diseases. Among animal reservoirs for Bartonella spp., bats stand out due to their high mobility, wide distribution, social behaviour and long-life span. Although studies on the role of vampire bats in the epidemiology of rabies have been extensively investigated in Latin America, information on the circulation and genetic diversity of Bartonella species in these bat species is scarce. In the present work, 208 vampire bats, namely Desmodus rotundus (the common vampire bat; n = 167), Diphylla ecaudata (the hairy-legged vampire bat; n = 32) and Diaemus youngii (the white-winged vampire bat; n = 9) from 15 different states in Brazil were sampled. DNA was extracted from liver tissue samples and submitted to real-time PCR (qPCR) and conventional PCR (cPCR) assays for Bartonella spp. targeting five genetic loci, followed by phylogenetic and genotype network analyses. Fifty-one out of 208 liver samples (24.51%) were positive for Bartonella DNA in the ITS real-time PCR assay [40 (78.43%) of them were from D. rotundus from 11 states, and 11 (21.57%) samples from D. ecaudata from three states. Eleven genotypes were found for each gltA and rpoB genes. Several ITS sequences detected in the present study clustered within the lineage that includes B. bacilliformis and B. ancachensis. The Bayesian phylogenetic inference based on the gltA gene positioned the obtained sequences in six different clades, closely related to Bartonella genotypes previously detected in D. rotundus and associated ectoparasites sampled in Latin America. On the other hand, the Bartonella rpoB genotypes clustered together with the ruminant species, B. schoenbuchensis and B. chomelii. The present study describes for the first time the molecular detection of Bartonella spp. in D. ecaudata bats. It also indicates that Bartonella spp. of vampire bats are genetically diverse and geographically widespread in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos R André
- Laboratório de Imunoparasitologia, Departamento de Patologia Veterinária, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Gutiérrez
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Priscila Ikeda
- Laboratório de Imunoparasitologia, Departamento de Patologia Veterinária, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renan Bressianini do Amaral
- Laboratório de Imunoparasitologia, Departamento de Patologia Veterinária, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Yaarit Nachum-Biala
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Luciana Lima
- Departmento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marta M G Teixeira
- Departmento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rosangela Z Machado
- Laboratório de Imunoparasitologia, Departamento de Patologia Veterinária, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Shimon Harrus
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
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Obiegala A, Heuser E, Ryll R, Imholt C, Fürst J, Prautsch LM, Plenge-Bönig A, Ulrich RG, Pfeffer M. Norway and black rats in Europe: potential reservoirs for zoonotic arthropod-borne pathogens? PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2019; 75:1556-1563. [PMID: 30624020 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Norway rats (Rattus norvegicus) and black rats (R. rattus) are known to be cosmopolitan reservoirs for zoonotic agents. Nevertheless, little is known about prevalence and distribution of arthropod-borne pathogens in rats from Europe. Therefore, this survey focused on the detection of arthropod-borne pathogens. Spleen-derived DNA samples were available from 528 Norway rats and 74 black rats collected in several European countries. Further, these samples were processed by polymerase chain reaction for the detection of zoonotic pathogens such as Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Candidatus Neoehrlichia mikurensis (CNM), Babesia spp. and Bartonella spp. eventually followed by sequencing. RESULTS Babesia spp. was not detected. Four Norway rat samples were positive for A. phagocytophilum DNA and two for CNM. In 50 rat samples, Bartonella spp. DNA was detected (8.1%; 95% Confidence interval (CI) 6.2-10.61). Whereas B. tribocorum (n = 45) and B. grahamii (n = 1) were carried exclusively in Norway rats from Central Europe (Belgium, Germany), B. coopersplainsensis (n = 4) was detected only in black rats from southern European countries (Spain, Italy). CONCLUSIONS Pathogenic Bartonella spp. DNA was found in black and Norway rats from Germany, Italy, Spain and Belgium for the first time. Bartonellae were found focally in zoos suggesting Norway rats as a possible reservoir for B. tribocorum and black rats as a reservoir for B. coopersplainsensis in Europe. These findings should raise awareness of pathogenic Bartonella spp. in Norway rats, especially in terms of pest management control in zoos. Norway and black rats seem not to be predominantly involved in the life cycle of the other examined arthropod-borne pathogens in Europe. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Obiegala
- Institute of Animal Hygiene and Veterinary Public Health, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Elisa Heuser
- Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald-Insel, Riems, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hamburg-Luebeck-Borstel-Insel Riems, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - René Ryll
- Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald-Insel, Riems, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hamburg-Luebeck-Borstel-Insel Riems, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Christian Imholt
- Julius Kühn-Institute, Federal Research Institute for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Plant Protection in Horticulture and Forests, Vertebrate Research, Münster, Germany
| | - Johanna Fürst
- Institute of Animal Hygiene and Veterinary Public Health, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Lisa-Marie Prautsch
- Institute of Animal Hygiene and Veterinary Public Health, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anita Plenge-Bönig
- Department Hygiene and Infection Medicine, Institute of Hygiene and Environment, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Rainer G Ulrich
- Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald-Insel, Riems, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hamburg-Luebeck-Borstel-Insel Riems, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Martin Pfeffer
- Institute of Animal Hygiene and Veterinary Public Health, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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Development of a Specific and Sensitive Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay as an In Vitro Diagnostic Tool for Detection of Bartonella henselae Antibodies in Human Serum. J Clin Microbiol 2018; 56:JCM.01329-18. [PMID: 30257897 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.01329-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bartonella henselae causes cat scratch disease and several other clinical entities. Infections with B. henselae are frequently occurring; however, the infection is only rarely diagnosed, mainly due to a lack of knowledge in the medical community. Microscopic immunofluorescence assays (IFA) are widely used for the serodiagnosis of B. henselae infections but are laborious and time-consuming, and interpretation is subjective. An easy and reliable method for the serological diagnosis of B. henselae infections is needed to overcome the shortcomings of the current IFA. Here, we report the development of an ELISA detecting human anti-B. henselae antibodies from serum samples. By separating the water-insoluble fraction of B. henselae Houston-1 via ion-exchange chromatography, 16 subfractions were generated and tested for immunoreactivity via line blotting. One particular fraction (fraction 24) was selected and spotted on ELISA plates using an industrial production platform. By use of well-characterized human sera from the strictly quality-controlled serum library of the German National Consiliary Laboratory for Bartonella infections, the sensitivity of this ELISA was 100% for PCR-proven infections and 76% for clinically suspected infections at a specificity of 93%. This ELISA is therefore a reliable high-throughput method allowing the serodiagnosis of B. henselae infections.
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Helan JVG, Grinberg A, Gedye K, Potter MA, Harrus S. Molecular detection of Bartonella coopersplainsensis and B. henselae in rats from New Zealand. N Z Vet J 2018; 66:257-260. [PMID: 29874523 DOI: 10.1080/00480169.2018.1483781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
AIM To identify Bartonella spp. in rats from New Zealand using molecular methods. METHODS DNA was extracted from the spleens of 143 black rats (Rattus rattus) captured in the Tongariro National Park, New Zealand. PCR was performed using Bartonella genus-specific primers amplifying segments of the 16S-23S rRNA internal transcribed spacer and citrate synthase (gltA) and beta subunit of the RNA polymerase (rpoB) genes. PCR products were sequenced and compared online with sequences stored in the database of the National Center for Biotechnology Information of the United States of America. RESULTS DNA sequences matching Bartonella coopersplainsensis and B. henselae were detected in samples from 22/143 (15.4%) and 3/143 (2.1%) rats, respectively. Co-occurrence of B. coopersplainsensis and B. henselae sequences was observed in the sample from one rat. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Gram-negative fastidious bacteria belonging to the genus Bartonella are associated with a range of human diseases. Rodents play an important role as reservoirs of a broad range of Bartonella species. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a molecular detection of Bartonella spp. DNA in rodents from New Zealand, and the first identification of B. henselae DNA in rats, worldwide. Whereas the public health significance of B. coopersplainsensis remains undefined, B. henselae is the agent of cat scratch disease, and the presence of this bacterium in rats may have public health implications. Our results are preliminary and additional analyses of larger samples, preferably by bacterial culture, would provide more information on the prevalence and diversity of Bartonella spp., in particular B. henselae, in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - A Grinberg
- a School of Veterinary Sciences , Massey University , Palmerston North , 4442 , New Zealand
| | - K Gedye
- a School of Veterinary Sciences , Massey University , Palmerston North , 4442 , New Zealand
| | - M A Potter
- b Institute of Agriculture and Environment , Massey University , Palmerston North , 4442 , New Zealand
| | - S Harrus
- c Koret School of Veterinary Medicine , The Hebrew University of Jerusalem , Rehovot , Israel
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do Amaral RB, Lourenço EC, Famadas KM, Garcia AB, Machado RZ, André MR. Molecular detection of Bartonella spp. and Rickettsia spp. in bat ectoparasites in Brazil. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0198629. [PMID: 29870549 PMCID: PMC5988283 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0198629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The family Streblidae comprises a monophyletic group of Hippoboscoidea, hematophagous dipterans that parasitize bats. Bartonella spp. and Rickettsia spp. have been reported in bats sampled in Europe, Africa, Asia, North, Central and South America. However, there are few reports on the Bartonella and Rickettsia bacteria infecting Hippoboscoidea flies and mites. While Spinturnicidae mites are ectoparasites found only in bats, those belonging to the family Macronyssidae comprise mites that also parasitize other mammal species. This study investigates the occurrence and assesses the phylogenetic positioning of Bartonella spp. and Rickettsia spp. found in Streblidae flies and Spinturnicidae and Macronyssidae mites collected from bats captured in Brazil. From May 2011 to April 2012 and September 2013 to December 2014, 400 Streblidae flies, 100 Macronyssidaes, and 100 Spinturnicidae mites were collected from bats captured in two sites in northeastern Nova Iguaçu, Rio de Janeiro, southeastern Brazil. Forty (19.8%) out of 202 Streblidae flies were positive for Bartonella spp. in qPCR assays based on the nuoG gene. Among the flies positive for the bacterium, six (18%) were Paratrichobius longicrus, seven (29%) Strebla guajiro, two (40%) Aspidoptera phyllostomatis, five (11%) Aspidoptera falcata, one (10%) Trichobius anducei, one (25%) Megistopoda aranea, and 18 (32%) Trichobius joblingi, and collected from bats of the following species: Artibeus lituratus, Carollia perspicillata, Artibeus planirostris, Sturnira lilium, and Artibeus obscurus. Six sequences were obtained for Bartonella (nuoG [n = 2], gltA [n = 2], rpoB [n = 1], ribC = 1]). The phylogenetic analysis based on gltA (750pb) gene showed that the Bartonella sequences clustered with Bartonella genotypes detected in bats and ectoparasites previously sampled in Latin America, including Brazil. Only one sample (0.49%) of the species Trichobius joblingi collected from a specimen of Carollia perspicillata was positive for Rickettsia sp. in cPCR based on the gltA gene (401bp). This sequence was clustered with a 'Candidatus Rickettsia andaenae" genotype detected in an Amblyomma parvum tick collected from a rodent in the southern region of Brazilian Pantanal. The sampled Macronyssidae and Spinturnicidae mites were negative for Bartonella spp. and Rickettsia spp. This study demonstrated the first occurrence of Bartonella spp. and Rickettsia spp. DNA in Streblidae flies collected from bats in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renan Bressianini do Amaral
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology, Department of Veterinary Pathology, School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
- Agricultural and Livestock Microbiology Graduation Program, School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Elizabete Captivo Lourenço
- Laboratory of Parasite Arthropods, Department of Animal Parasitology, Institute of Veterinary, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro–UFRRJ, Seropédica, RJ, Brasil
| | - Kátia Maria Famadas
- Laboratory of Parasite Arthropods, Department of Animal Parasitology, Institute of Veterinary, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro–UFRRJ, Seropédica, RJ, Brasil
| | - Amanda Barbosa Garcia
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology, Department of Veterinary Pathology, School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
- Agricultural and Livestock Microbiology Graduation Program, School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Rosangela Zacarias Machado
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology, Department of Veterinary Pathology, School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
- Agricultural and Livestock Microbiology Graduation Program, School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcos Rogério André
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology, Department of Veterinary Pathology, School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
- Agricultural and Livestock Microbiology Graduation Program, School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
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Jaffe DA, Chomel BB, Kasten RW, Breitschwerdt EB, Maggi RG, McLeish A, Zieger U. Bartonella henselae in small Indian mongooses (Herpestes auropunctatus) from Grenada, West Indies. Vet Microbiol 2018. [PMID: 29519505 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2018.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Many mammals are established hosts for the vector borne bacterial genus, Bartonella. Small Indian mongooses (Herpestes auropunctatus) have only been reported as a possible host for Bartonella henselae in southern Japan. Confirming Bartonella presence in mongooses from other regions in the world may support their role as potential reservoirs of this human pathogen. Specifically, documenting Bartonella in Caribbean mongooses would identify a potential source of zoonotic risk with mongoose-human contact in the New World. Using serological and molecular techniques, we investigated B. henselae DNA and specific antibody prevalence in 171 mongooses from all six parishes in Grenada, West Indies. Almost a third (32.3%, 54/167) of the tested mongooses were B. henselae seropositive and extracted DNA from 18/51 (35.3%) blood pellets were PCR positive for the citrate synthase (gltA) and/or the β subunit of RNA polymerase (rpoB) genes. All sequences were identical to B. henselae genotype I, as previously reported from Japan. This study confirms the role of small Indian mongooses as a natural reservoir of B. henselae in the New World.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Jaffe
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Bruno B Chomel
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
| | - Rickie W Kasten
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Edward B Breitschwerdt
- Department of Clinical Sciences and the Intracellular Pathogens Research Laboratory Institute for Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Ricardo G Maggi
- Department of Clinical Sciences and the Intracellular Pathogens Research Laboratory Institute for Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Ashleigh McLeish
- Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology Academic Program, School of Veterinary Medicine, St. George's University, St. George's, Grenada, West Indies
| | - Ulrike Zieger
- Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology Academic Program, School of Veterinary Medicine, St. George's University, St. George's, Grenada, West Indies
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Pangjai D, Intachinda S, Maruyama S, Boonmar S, Kabeya H, Sato S, Petkanchanapong W, Wootta W, Wangroongsarb P, Boonyareth M, Saisongkorh W, Preedakoon P, Mahaprom P, Meesub C, Sawanpanyalert P. Isolation and phylogenetic analysis of Bartonella species from Rusa deer (Rusa timorensis) in Thailand. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2018; 56:58-62. [PMID: 29406284 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2017.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2017] [Revised: 12/25/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study is to investigate the prevalence of Bartonella infection in deer in Thailand and to characterize the isolates by biochemical, morphological and genetic analysis. A total of 247 blood samples were collected from Rusa deer (Rusa timorensis) in a livestock breeding facility in Thailand. Bartonella bacteria were isolated in 3.6% of the blood samples. Three out of 110 (2.7%) males and 6 of 137 (4.4%) females were positive for Bartonella. A higher prevalence of Bartonella was observed in young deer under 4 years of age compared to adults over 4 years of age, but no Bartonella was isolated from deer over 8 years of age. Phylogenetic analysis of concatenated sequences of seven loci of Bartonella indicated that all the isolates from Rusa deer in Thailand were identical and formed a distinct cluster from other known Bartonella species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Decha Pangjai
- National Institute of Health, Department of Medical Sciences, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, 11000, Thailand
| | - Santaya Intachinda
- Nongkwang Livestock Breeding and Research Center, 128, Moo 10, Tambol Khaochangum, Photharam District, Ratchaburi, 70120, Thailand
| | - Soichi Maruyama
- Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 252-0880, Japan.
| | - Sumalee Boonmar
- Rajapruk University, Bangkhanoon, Banggruay, Nonthaburi, 11130, Thailand
| | - Hidenori Kabeya
- Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 252-0880, Japan
| | - Shingo Sato
- Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 252-0880, Japan
| | - Wimol Petkanchanapong
- National Institute of Health, Department of Medical Sciences, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, 11000, Thailand
| | - Wattanapong Wootta
- National Institute of Health, Department of Medical Sciences, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, 11000, Thailand
| | - Piyada Wangroongsarb
- National Institute of Health, Department of Medical Sciences, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, 11000, Thailand
| | - Maskiet Boonyareth
- National Institute of Health, Department of Medical Sciences, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, 11000, Thailand
| | - Watcharee Saisongkorh
- National Institute of Health, Department of Medical Sciences, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, 11000, Thailand
| | - Poom Preedakoon
- National Institute of Health, Department of Medical Sciences, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, 11000, Thailand
| | - Panupong Mahaprom
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Maejo University, Nongharn, Sansai District, Chiang Mai, 50290, Thailand
| | - Chonlada Meesub
- National Institute of Health, Department of Medical Sciences, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, 11000, Thailand
| | - Pathom Sawanpanyalert
- National Institute of Health, Department of Medical Sciences, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, 11000, Thailand
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Oteo JA, Maggi R, Portillo A, Bradley J, García-Álvarez L, San-Martín M, Roura X, Breitschwerdt E. Prevalence of Bartonella spp. by culture, PCR and serology, in veterinary personnel from Spain. Parasit Vectors 2017; 10:553. [PMID: 29116007 PMCID: PMC5678790 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-017-2483-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The genus Bartonella includes fastidious, facultative intracellular bacteria mainly transmitted by arthropods and distributed among mammalian reservoirs. Bartonella spp. implicated as etiological agents of zoonoses are increasing. Apart from the classical Bartonella henselae, B. bacilliformis or B. quintana, other species (B. elizabethae, B. rochalimae, B. vinsonii arupensis and B. v. berkhoffii, B. tamiae or B. koehlerae, among others) have also been associated with human and/or animal diseases. Laboratory techniques for diagnosis (culture, PCR assays and serology) usually show lack of sensitivity. Since 2005, a method based on a liquid enrichment Bartonella alphaproteobacteria growth medium (BAPGM) followed by PCRs for the amplification of Bartonella spp. has been developed. We aimed to assess culture, molecular and serological prevalence of Bartonella infections in companion animal veterinary personnel from Spain. Methods Each of 89 participants completed a questionnaire. Immunofluorescence assays (IFA) using B. vinsonii berkhoffii (genotypes I, II and III), B. henselae, B. quintana and B. koehlerae as antigens were performed. A cut-off of 1:64 was selected as a seroreactivity titer. Blood samples were inoculated into BAPGM and subcultured onto blood agar plates. Bartonella spp. was detected using conventional and quantitative real-time PCR assays and DNA sequencing. Results Among antigens corresponding to six Bartonella spp. or genotypes, the lowest seroreactivity was found against B. quintana (11.2%) and the highest, against B. v. berkhoffii genotype III (56%). A total of 27% of 89 individuals were not seroreactive to any test antigen. Bartonella spp. IFA seroreactivity was not associated with any clinical sign or symptom. DNA from Bartonella spp., including B. henselae (n = 2), B. v. berkhoffii genotypes I (n = 1) and III (n = 2), and B. quintana (n = 2) was detected in 7/89 veterinary personnel. PCR and DNA sequencing findings were not associated with clinical signs or symptoms. No co-infections were observed. One of the two B. henselae PCR-positive individuals was IFA seronegative to all tested antigens whereas the other one was not B. henselae seroreactive. The remaining PCR-positive individuals were seroreactive to multiple Bartonella spp. antigens. Conclusions High serological and molecular prevalences of exposure to, or infection with, Bartonella spp. were found in companion animal veterinary personnel from Spain. More studies using BAPGM enrichment blood culture and PCR are needed to clarify the finding of Bartonella PCR-positive individuals lacking clinical symptoms. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13071-017-2483-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- José A Oteo
- Departamento de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital San Pedro-Centro de Investigación Biomédica de La Rioja (CIBIR), C/ Piqueras 98, 26006, Logroño, (La Rioja), Spain
| | - Ricardo Maggi
- Galaxy Diagnostics, Research Triangle Park, Morrisville, North Carolina, USA
| | - Aránzazu Portillo
- Departamento de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital San Pedro-Centro de Investigación Biomédica de La Rioja (CIBIR), C/ Piqueras 98, 26006, Logroño, (La Rioja), Spain
| | - Julie Bradley
- Intracellular Pathogens Research Laboratory, Comparative Medicine Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Lara García-Álvarez
- Departamento de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital San Pedro-Centro de Investigación Biomédica de La Rioja (CIBIR), C/ Piqueras 98, 26006, Logroño, (La Rioja), Spain
| | | | - Xavier Roura
- Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Edward Breitschwerdt
- Intracellular Pathogens Research Laboratory, Comparative Medicine Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA.
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Genotyping ofBartonellabacteria and their animal hosts: current status and perspectives. Parasitology 2017; 145:543-562. [DOI: 10.1017/s0031182017001263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARYGrowing evidence demonstrates that bacterial species diversity is substantial, and many of these species are pathogenic in some contexts or hosts. At the same time, laboratories and museums have collected valuable animal tissue and ectoparasite samples that may contain substantial novel information on bacterial prevalence and diversity. However, the identification of bacterial species is challenging, partly due to the difficulty in culturing many microbes and the reliance on molecular data. Although the genomics revolution will surely add to our knowledge of bacterial systematics, these approaches are not accessible to all researchers and rely predominantly on cultured isolates. Thus, there is a need for comprehensive molecular analyses capable of accurately genotyping bacteria from animal tissues or ectoparasites using common methods that will facilitate large-scale comparisons of species diversity and prevalence. To illustrate the challenges of genotyping bacteria, we focus on the genusBartonella, vector-borne bacteria common in mammals. We highlight the value and limitations of commonly used techniques for genotyping bartonellae and make recommendations for researchers interested in studying the diversity of these bacteria in various samples. Our recommendations could be applicable to many bacterial taxa (with some modifications) and could lead to a more complete understanding of bacterial species diversity.
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Gutiérrez R, Vayssier-Taussat M, Buffet JP, Harrus S. Guidelines for the Isolation, Molecular Detection, and Characterization of Bartonella Species. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2017; 17:42-50. [PMID: 28055575 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2016.1956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bartonellae are fastidious, facultative, intracellular vector-borne bacteria distributed among mammalian reservoirs worldwide. The pathogenic potential of many Bartonella spp. has increased the interest in these bacteria and advanced their research. Isolation of Bartonella spp. is laborious using classical bacteriological methods and requires specific conditions and prolonged incubation periods. In contrast, molecular methods for detection of Bartonella DNA are considered as more practical and sensitive than the former. Among the molecular methods, the use of real-time PCR assays for primary screening of Bartonella spp., followed by several molecular confirmatory assays, using either conventional or real-time PCR, is recommended. Although primary isolation of Bartonella is a laborious task, we encourage its application to all PCR-positive samples as this is the most reliable proof for the presence of live bacteria. Moreover, a successful trial will enable a broader molecular characterization and speciation of isolated colonies. The present guideline gathers and summarizes recommendations, including advantages and limitations of isolation and molecular detection of Bartonella from mammalian and arthropod samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Gutiérrez
- 1 Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem , Rehovot, Israel
| | | | - Jean-Philippe Buffet
- 2 INRA , UMR BIPAR INRA, Anses, ENVA 14 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Shimon Harrus
- 1 Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem , Rehovot, Israel
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Evidence and molecular characterization ofBartonellaspp. and hemoplasmas in neotropical bats in Brazil. Epidemiol Infect 2017; 145:2038-2052. [DOI: 10.1017/s0950268817000966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
SUMMARYThe order Chiroptera is considered the second largest group of mammals in the world, hosting important zoonotic virus and bacteria.Bartonellaand hemotropic mycoplasmas are bacteria that parasite different mammals’ species, including humans, causing different clinical manifestations. The present work aimed investigating the occurrence and assessing the phylogenetic positioning ofBartonellaspp. andMycoplasmaspp. in neotropical bats sampled from Brazil. Between December 2015 and April 2016, 325 blood and/or tissues samples were collected from 162 bats comprising 19 different species sampled in five states of Brazil. Out of 322 bat samples collected, while 17 (5·28%) were positive to quantitative PCR forBartonellaspp. based onnuoGgene, 45 samples (13·97%) were positive to cPCR assays for hemoplasmas based on 16S rRNA gene. While seven sequences were obtained forBartonella(nuoG) (n= 3),gltA(n= 2),rpoB(n= 1),ftsZ(n= 1), five 16S rRNA sequences were obtained for hemoplasmas. In the phylogenetic analysis, theBartonellasequences clustered withBartonellagenotypes detected in bats sampled in Latin America countries. All five hemoplasmas sequences clustered together as a monophyletic group by Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian Inference analyses. The present work showed the first evidence of circulation ofBartonellaspp. and hemoplasmas among bats in Brazil.
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André A, Mouton A, Millien V, Michaux J. Liver microbiome of Peromyscus leucopus, a key reservoir host species for emerging infectious diseases in North America. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2017; 52:10-18. [PMID: 28412525 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2017.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Revised: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Microbiome studies generally focus on the gut microbiome, which is composed of a large proportion of commensal bacteria. Here we propose a first analysis of the liver microbiome using next generation sequencing as a tool to detect potentially pathogenic strains. We used Peromyscus leucopus, the main reservoir host species of Lyme disease in eastern North America, as a model and sequenced V5-V6 regions of the 16S gene from 18 populations in southern Quebec (Canada). The Lactobacillus genus was found to dominate the liver microbiome. We also detected a large proportion of individuals infected by Bartonella vinsonii arupensis, a human pathogenic bacteria responsible for endocarditis, as well as Borrelia burgdorferi, the pathogen responsible for Lyme disease in North America. We then compared the microbiomes among two P. leucopus genetic clusters occurring on either side of the St. Lawrence River, and did not detect any effect of the host genotype on their liver microbiome assemblage. Finally, we report, for the first time, the presence of B. burgdorferi in a small mammal host from the northern side of the St. Lawrence River, in support of models that have predicted the northern spread of Lyme disease in Canada.
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Affiliation(s)
- A André
- Conservation Genetics Laboratory, University of Liège, Boulevard du Rectorat 26, 4000 Liège, Belgium; Redpath Museum, McGill University, 859 Sherbrooke West, Montreal, QC H3A OC4, Canada.
| | - A Mouton
- Conservation Genetics Laboratory, University of Liège, Boulevard du Rectorat 26, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - V Millien
- Redpath Museum, McGill University, 859 Sherbrooke West, Montreal, QC H3A OC4, Canada
| | - J Michaux
- Conservation Genetics Laboratory, University of Liège, Boulevard du Rectorat 26, 4000 Liège, Belgium; CIRAD, UR AGIRs, F-34398 Montpellier, France
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Parra E, Segura F, Tijero J, Pons I, Nogueras MM. Development of a real-time PCR for Bartonella spp. detection, a current emerging microorganism. Mol Cell Probes 2016; 32:55-59. [PMID: 27746242 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2016.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Revised: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
A real-time PCR assay using SYBR Green was optimized to detect those Bartonella that are most frequently described as pathogens. The assay was genus-specific. Sequencing allowed to distinguish species. Assay sensitivity was determined using 10-fold serial dilutions of genomic DNA. Dynamic range was 100 ng-100 fg and sensitivity was 50 copies/reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Parra
- Infectious Diseases Department, Corporació Sanitària Parc Taulí, Institut de Investigació I Innovació Sanitària Parc Taulí, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Parc Taulí 1, Sabadell 08208, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ferran Segura
- Infectious Diseases Department, Corporació Sanitària Parc Taulí, Institut de Investigació I Innovació Sanitària Parc Taulí, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Parc Taulí 1, Sabadell 08208, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jessica Tijero
- Infectious Diseases Department, Corporació Sanitària Parc Taulí, Institut de Investigació I Innovació Sanitària Parc Taulí, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Parc Taulí 1, Sabadell 08208, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Imma Pons
- Infectious Diseases Department, Corporació Sanitària Parc Taulí, Institut de Investigació I Innovació Sanitària Parc Taulí, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Parc Taulí 1, Sabadell 08208, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria-Mercedes Nogueras
- Infectious Diseases Department, Corporació Sanitària Parc Taulí, Institut de Investigació I Innovació Sanitària Parc Taulí, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Parc Taulí 1, Sabadell 08208, Barcelona, Spain.
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André MR, Dumler JS, Herrera HM, Gonçalves LR, de Sousa KC, Scorpio DG, de Santis ACGA, Domingos IH, de Macedo GC, Machado RZ. Assessment of a quantitative 5' nuclease real-time polymerase chain reaction using the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide dehydrogenase gamma subunit (nuoG) for Bartonella species in domiciled and stray cats in Brazil. J Feline Med Surg 2016; 18:783-90. [PMID: 26138812 PMCID: PMC11112204 DOI: 10.1177/1098612x15593787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to develop a quantitative 5' nuclease real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay to diagnose infections caused by Bartonella species. METHODS Between January and April 2013 whole blood samples were collected by convenience from 151 cats (86 domiciled and 65 stray cats). The feline blood samples were subjected to a novel quantitative 5' nuclease real-time PCR (qPCR) for Bartonella species targeting the nictonamide adenine dinucleotide dehydrogenase gamma subunit (nuoG) and conventional PCR assays targeting intergenic transcribed spacer, ribC, gltA, pap31 and rpoB, followed by sequencing and basic local alignment search tool analysis. RESULTS The qPCR assay detected as few as 10 copies of plasmid per reaction. Forty-six (54.4% domiciled and 45.6% stray cats) of 151 sampled cats showed positive results in nuoG qPCR for Bartonella species. The absolute quantification of nuoG Bartonella DNA in sampled cats ranged from 1.1 × 10(4) to 1.3 × 10(4). Eighteen (39.1%) of 46 positive samples in the qPCR were also positive in conventional PCR assays. The sequencing confirmed that Bartonella henselae and Bartonella clarridgeiae circulate in cats in midwestern Brazil. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE The present work provides details of a novel qPCR assay to diagnose infections caused by Bartonella species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John Stephen Dumler
- University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Heitor M Herrera
- Dom Bosco Catholic University, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Luiz R Gonçalves
- Paulista State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
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Ghidey FY, Igbinosa O, Mills K, Lai L, Woods C, Ruiz ME, Fishbein D, Sampath R, Lowery R, Wortmann G. Case series of Bartonella quintana blood culture-negative endocarditis in Washington, DC. JMM Case Rep 2016; 3:e005049. [PMID: 28348772 PMCID: PMC5330240 DOI: 10.1099/jmmcr.0.005049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Prior studies (predominantly from Europe) have demonstrated blood culture-negative endocarditis due to Bartonella. Our objective was to describe three cases of Bartonella quintana endocarditis identified within one year at a large hospital in Washington, DC, USA. Case presentation: We constructed a descriptive case series from a retrospective review of medical records from April to December 2013 at an 800-bed urban hospital. All three patients (ages: 52, 55 and 57 years) were undomiciled/homeless men with a history of alcoholism. Although they had negative blood cultures, echocardiography demonstrated aortic/mitral valve perforation and regurgitation in one patient, aortic/mitral valve vegetation with mitral regurgitation in the second patient, and aortic valve vegetation with regurgitation in the third patient. The patients had positive Bartonella quintana serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) with negative immunoglobulin M (IgM). PCR on DNA extracted from cardiac valves was positive for Bartonella, and DNA sequencing of PCR amplicons identified Bartonella quintana. Patients received treatment with doxycycline/rifampin or doxycycline/gentamicin. Conclusion: Clinicians should consider Bartonella endocarditis as a differential diagnosis in patients who fit elements of the Duke Criteria, as well as having a history of homelessness and alcoholism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fisseha Y Ghidey
- Infectious Disease Section, MedStar Washington Hospital Center , Washington , USA
| | - Osamuyimen Igbinosa
- Infectious Disease Section, MedStar Washington Hospital Center , Washington , USA
| | - Kristin Mills
- Infectious Disease Section, MedStar Washington Hospital Center , Washington , USA
| | - Leon Lai
- Infectious Disease Section, MedStar Washington Hospital Center , Washington , USA
| | - Christian Woods
- Infectious Disease Section, MedStar Washington Hospital Center , Washington , USA
| | - Maria E Ruiz
- Infectious Disease Section, MedStar Washington Hospital Center , Washington , USA
| | - Dawn Fishbein
- Infectious Disease Section, MedStar Washington Hospital Center , Washington , USA
| | | | - Robert Lowery
- Infectious Disease Section, MedStar Washington Hospital Center , Washington , USA
| | - Glenn Wortmann
- Infectious Disease Section, MedStar Washington Hospital Center , Washington , USA
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Ereqat S, Nasereddin A, Vayssier-Taussat M, Abdelkader A, Al-Jawabreh A, Zaid T, Azmi K, Abdeen Z. Molecular Evidence of Bartonella Species in Ixodid Ticks and Domestic Animals in Palestine. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1217. [PMID: 27540374 PMCID: PMC4972812 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ticks play an important role in disease transmission as vectors for human and animal pathogens, including the Gram-negative pathogen Bartonella. Here, we evaluated the presence of Bartonella in ixodid ticks and domestic animals from Palestine. We tested 633 partly engorged ticks and 139 blood samples from domestic animals (dogs, sheep and camels) for Bartonella using ITS-PCR. Bartonella DNA was detected in 3.9% of the tested ticks. None of the ticks collected from sheep and goats were positive for Bartonella. Seventeen R. sanguineus ticks (17/391; 4.3%) collected from dogs were infected with B. rochalimae (n = 10), B. chomelii (n = 6), and B. koehlerae (n = 1). Four H. dromedarri ticks (4/63; 6.3%) obtained from camels were infected with B. bovis (n = 2) and B. rochalimae (n = 2). Among canine blood samples (n = 110), we found one asymptomatic female dog to be infected with B. rochalimae (0.9%). The detection of zoonotic Bartonella species in this study should raise awareness of these vector-borne diseases among physicians, veterinarians and public health workers and highlight the importance of surveillance and preventive measures in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suheir Ereqat
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Quds University, Abu DeisPalestine; Al-Quds Nutrition and Health Research Institute - Faculty of Medicine, Al-Quds University and Al-Quds Public Health Society, Abu DeisPalestine
| | - Abdelmajeed Nasereddin
- Al-Quds Nutrition and Health Research Institute - Faculty of Medicine, Al-Quds University and Al-Quds Public Health Society, Abu Deis Palestine
| | - Muriel Vayssier-Taussat
- L'Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR), Biologie Moléculaire et Immunologie Parasitaires (BIPAR), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort (ENVA)-Agence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire de l'Alimentation, de l'Environnement et du Travail (ANSES), Paris France
| | - Ahmad Abdelkader
- Al-Quds Nutrition and Health Research Institute - Faculty of Medicine, Al-Quds University and Al-Quds Public Health Society, Abu Deis Palestine
| | - Amer Al-Jawabreh
- Al-Quds Nutrition and Health Research Institute - Faculty of Medicine, Al-Quds University and Al-Quds Public Health Society, Abu Deis Palestine
| | - Taher Zaid
- Al-Quds Nutrition and Health Research Institute - Faculty of Medicine, Al-Quds University and Al-Quds Public Health Society, Abu Deis Palestine
| | - Kifaya Azmi
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Quds University, Abu DeisPalestine; Al-Quds Nutrition and Health Research Institute - Faculty of Medicine, Al-Quds University and Al-Quds Public Health Society, Abu DeisPalestine
| | - Ziad Abdeen
- Al-Quds Nutrition and Health Research Institute - Faculty of Medicine, Al-Quds University and Al-Quds Public Health Society, Abu Deis Palestine
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Kamani J, Baneth G, Gutiérrez R, Nachum-Biala Y, Salant H, Mumcuoglu KY, Harrus S. Molecular screening of Ctenocephalides felis fleas collected from stray cats in the Jerusalem District, Israel, for Bartonella spp., Rickettsia spp. and Coxiella burnetii. VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY- REGIONAL STUDIES AND REPORTS 2016; 1-2:59-64. [PMID: 31018411 DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2016.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Revised: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Four hundred and sixty seven Ctenocephalides felis fleas removed from 185 feral cats living in residential areas of Jerusalem, Israel, were screened for bacterial infections of public health importance. The fleas were screened for bartonellae, rickettsiae and Coxiella burnetii by PCR and sequencing. Bartonella DNA was detected in 156 individual fleas collected from 91 of the 185 (49.2%) cats. DNA of Bartonella clarridgeiae, Bartonella henselae and Bartonella koehlerae was detected in 112/467 (24%), 29/467 (6.2%) and 15/467 (3.2%), respectively, indicating a significantly different distribution (P<0.00001) of these Bartonella spp. among the fleas. However, no differences were observed between female and male fleas in their Bartonella-infection status (P>0.05). Ninety one individual cats carried fleas infected with 1 to 3 Bartonella species. No differences were found between fleas collected from male and female, pregnant and non-pregnant or young, juvenile and adult cats. Interestingly, a significant association was observed between the clinical status of the cat hosts (apparently healthy versus sick) and the carriage of Bartonella-positive fleas. One of the 467 (0.2%) fleas was positive for Rickettsia felis DNA and no other Rickettsia spp. or C. burnetii DNA were detected. Our findings indicate a relatively high prevalence of Bartonella spp. known to be human pathogens, and low prevalence of R. felis in fleas from the Jerusalem district cats, highlighting the abundance and importance of bartonellae for public health in this urban region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Kamani
- Parasitology Division, National Veterinary Research Institute (NVRI), PMB 01 Vom Plateau State, Nigeria
| | - Gad Baneth
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ricardo Gutiérrez
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yaarit Nachum-Biala
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Harold Salant
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, The Kuvin Center for the Study of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Kosta Y Mumcuoglu
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, The Kuvin Center for the Study of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Shimon Harrus
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel.
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Detection ofBartonellaspp. in wild carnivores, hyraxes, hedgehog and rodents from Israel. Parasitology 2016; 143:1232-42. [DOI: 10.1017/s0031182016000603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARYBartonellainfection was explored in wild animals from Israel. Golden jackals (Canis aureus), red foxes (Vulpes vulpes), rock hyraxes (Procavia capensis), southern white-breasted hedgehogs (Erinaceus concolor), social voles (Microtus socialis), Tristram's jirds (Meriones tristrami), Cairo spiny mice (Acomys cahirinus), house mice (Mus musculus) and Indian crested porcupines (Hystrix indica) were sampled and screened by molecular and isolation methods.Bartonella-DNA was detected in 46 animals: 9/70 (13%) golden jackals, 2/11 (18%) red foxes, 3/35 (9%) rock hyraxes, 1/3 (33%) southern white-breasted hedgehogs, 5/57 (9%) Cairo spiny mice, 25/43 (58%) Tristram's jirds and 1/6 (16%) house mice.Bartonella rochalimaeandB. rochalimae-like were widespread among jackals, foxes, hyraxes and jirds. This report represents the first detection of this zoonoticBartonellasp. in rock hyraxes and golden jackals. Moreover, DNA ofBartonella vinsoniisubsp.berkhoffii, Bartonella acomydis, CandidatusBartonella merieuxii and other uncharacterized genotypes were identified. Three differentBartonellastrains were isolated from Tristram's jirds, and several genotypes were molecularly detected from these animals. Furthermore, this study reports the first detection ofBartonellainfection in a southern hedgehog. Our study indicates that infection with zoonotic and otherBartonellaspecies is widespread among wild animals and stresses their potential threat to public health.
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Molecular detection of emerging tick-borne pathogens in Vojvodina, Serbia. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2015; 7:199-203. [PMID: 26565929 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2015.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Revised: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Ticks play an important role in disease transmission globally due to their capability to serve as vectors for human and animal pathogens. The Republic of Serbia is an endemic area for a large number of tick-borne diseases. However, current knowledge on these diseases in Serbia is limited. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of new emerging tick-borne pathogens in ticks collected from dogs and the vegetation from different parts of Vojvodina, Serbia. A total of 187 ticks, including 124 Rhipicephalus sanguineus, 45 Ixodes ricinus and 18 Dermacentor reticulatus were collected from dogs. In addition, 26 questing I. ricinus ticks were collected from the vegetation, using the flagging method, from 4 different localities in Vojvodina, Serbia. DNA was extracted from each tick individually and samples were tested by either conventional or real-time PCR assays for the presence of Rickettsia spp.-DNA (gltA and ompA gene fragments), Ehrlichia/Anaplasma spp.-DNA (16S rRNA gene fragment) and Hepatozoon spp./Babesia spp.-DNA (18S rRNA gene fragment). In addition, all I. ricinus DNA samples were tested for Bartonella spp.-DNA (ITS locus) by real-time PCR. In this study, the presence of novel emerging tick-borne pathogens including Rickettsia raoultii, Rickettsia massiliae, Babesia venatorum, Babesia microti, Hepatozoon canis and Candidatus Neoehrlichia mikurensis was identified for the first time in Serbia. Our findings also confirmed the presence of Rickettsia monacensis, Babesia canis and Anaplasma phagocytophilum in ticks from Serbia. The findings of the current study highlight the great diversity of tick-borne pathogens of human and animal importance in Serbia. Physicians, public health workers and veterinarians should increase alertness to the presence of these tick-borne pathogens in this country.
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Lantos PM, Maggi RG, Ferguson B, Varkey J, Park LP, Breitschwerdt EB, Woods CW. Detection of Bartonella species in the blood of veterinarians and veterinary technicians: a newly recognized occupational hazard? Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2015; 14:563-70. [PMID: 25072986 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2013.1512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bartonella species are important emerging pathogens in human and veterinary medicine. In the context of their daily activities, veterinary professionals have frequent animal contact and arthropod exposures. Detection of Bartonella spp. using traditional culture methods has been limited by poor sensitivity, making it difficult to determine the prevalence of infection in this population. We have developed a detection method combining enrichment culture and molecular amplification, which increases testing sensitivity. METHODS We performed a cross-sectional study to determine the prevalence of detectable Bartonella spp. in the blood of veterinary personnel and nonveterinary control subjects. Bartonella was detected by enrichment blood culture with conventional PCR followed by DNA sequencing. RESULTS were correlated with epidemiological variables and symptoms. RESULTS We detected DNA from at least one Bartonella species in 32 (28%) of the 114 veterinary subjects. After DNA sequencing, the Bartonella species could be determined for 27 of the 32 infected subjects, including B. henselae in 15 (56%), B. vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii in seven (26%), B. koehlerae in six (22%), and a B. volans-like sequence in one (4%). Seventy percent of Bartonella-positive subjects described headache compared with 40% of uninfected veterinarians (p=0.009). Irritability was also reported more commonly by infected subjects (68% vs. 43%, p=0.04). CONCLUSIONS Our study supports an emerging body of evidence that cryptic Bartonella bloodstream infection may be more frequent in humans than previously recognized and may induce symptoms. Longitudinal studies are needed to determine the natural course and clinical features of Bartonella infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul M Lantos
- 1 Departments of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Duke University School of Medicine , Durham, North Carolina
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Favacho ARDM, Andrade MN, de Oliveira RC, Bonvicino CR, D'Andrea PS, de Lemos ERS. Zoonotic Bartonella species in wild rodents in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Microbes Infect 2015; 17:889-92. [PMID: 26344604 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2015.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2015] [Revised: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Several rodent-associated Bartonella species cause disease in humans but little is known about their epidemiology in Brazil. The presence of Bartonella spp. in wild rodents captured in two municipalities of the Mato Grosso do Sul state was assessed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Fragments of heart tissue from 42 wild rodents were tested using primers targeting the Bartonella 16S-23S intergenic transcribed spacer (ITS) region and citrate synthase gltA gene. The wild rodents were identified based on external and cranial morphology and confirmed at species level by mitochondrial DNA (cytochrome B) sequencing and karyotype. Overall, 42.9% (18/42) of the wild rodents were PCR positive for Bartonella spp.: Callomys callosus (04), Cerradomys maracajuensis (04), Hylaeamus megacephalus (01), Necromys lasiurus (06), Nectomys squamipes (01), Oecomys catherinae (01) and Oxymycterus delator (01). Bartonella vinsonii subsp. arupensis was detected in N. lasiurus (46%) and C. callosus (21%) captured in the two study sites. We reported the first molecular detection of B. vinsonii subsp. arupensis in different species of wild rodents collected in the Brazilian territory. Further studies are needed to examine the role of these mammals in the eco-epidemiology of bartonellosis in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marcelle Novaes Andrade
- Laboratório de Hantaviroses e Rickettsioses, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro-RJ, Brazil
| | - Renata Carvalho de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Hantaviroses e Rickettsioses, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro-RJ, Brazil
| | - Cibele Rodrigues Bonvicino
- Laboratório de Biologia e Parasitologia de Mamíferos Silvestres Reservatórios, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro-RJ, Brazil; Instituto Nacional do Câncer (INCA), Rio de Janeiro-RJ, Brazil
| | - Paulo Sergio D'Andrea
- Laboratório de Biologia e Parasitologia de Mamíferos Silvestres Reservatórios, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro-RJ, Brazil
| | - Elba Regina Sampaio de Lemos
- Laboratório de Hantaviroses e Rickettsioses, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro-RJ, Brazil
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Sofer S, Gutiérrez R, Morick D, Mumcuoglu KY, Harrus S. Molecular detection of zoonotic bartonellae (B. henselae, B. elizabethae and B. rochalimae) in fleas collected from dogs in Israel. MEDICAL AND VETERINARY ENTOMOLOGY 2015; 29:344-348. [PMID: 25865162 DOI: 10.1111/mve.12116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2014] [Revised: 12/14/2014] [Accepted: 12/21/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Fleas represent an acknowledged burden on dogs worldwide. The characterization of flea species infesting kennel dogs from two localities in Israel (Rehovot and Jerusalem) and their molecular screening for Bartonella species (Rhizobiales: Bartonellaceae) was investigated. A total of 355 fleas were collected from 107 dogs. The fleas were morphologically classified and molecularly screened targeting the Bartonella 16S-23S internal transcribed spacer (ITS). Of the 107 dogs examined, 80 (74.8%) were infested with Ctenocephalides canis (Siphonaptera: Pulicidae), 68 (63.6%) with Ctenocephalides felis, 15 (14.0%) with Pulex irritans (Siphonaptera: Pulicidae) and one (0.9%) with Xenopsylla cheopis (Siphonaptera: Pulicidae). Fleas were grouped into 166 pools (one to nine fleas per pool) according to species and host. Thirteen of the 166 flea pools (7.8%) were found to be positive for Bartonella DNA. Detected ITS sequences were 99-100% similar to those of four Bartonella species: Bartonella henselae (six pools); Bartonella elizabethae (five pools); Bartonella rochalimae (one pool), and Bartonella bovis (one pool). The present study indicates the occurrence of a variety of flea species in dogs in Israel; these flea species are, in turn, carriers of several zoonotic Bartonella species. Physicians, veterinarians and public health workers should be aware of the presence of these pathogens in dog fleas in Israel and preventive measures should be implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sofer
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - R Gutiérrez
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - D Morick
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - K Y Mumcuoglu
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Kuvin Centre for the Study of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Hadassah Medical School, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - S Harrus
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
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Kho KL, Koh FX, Jaafar T, Nizam QNH, Tay ST. Prevalence and molecular heterogeneity of Bartonella bovis in cattle and Haemaphysalis bispinosa ticks in Peninsular Malaysia. BMC Vet Res 2015; 11:153. [PMID: 26179499 PMCID: PMC4502507 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-015-0470-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bartonellosis is an emerging zoonotic infection responsible for a variety of clinical syndromes in humans and animals. Members of the genus Bartonella exhibit high degrees of genetic diversity and ecologic plasticity. The infection is usually transmitted to animals and humans through blood-feeding arthropod vectors such as fleas, lice, ticks and sandflies. This study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of Bartonella species in 184 beef cattle, 40 dairy cattle, 40 sheep and 40 goats in eight animal farms across Peninsular Malaysia. Bartonella-specific PCR assays and sequence analysis of partial fragments of the citrate synthase gene were used for detection and identification of B. bovis. Isolation of B. bovis was attempted from PCR-positive blood samples. Molecular heterogeneity of the isolates was investigated based on sequence analysis of gltA, ITS, rpoB genes, ERIC-PCR, as well as using an established multilocus sequence typing (MLST) method. The carriage rate of B. bovis in ticks was also determined in this study. Results B. bovis was detected using Bartonella gltA-PCR assays from ten (4.5 %) of 224 cattle blood samples, of which three (1.3 %) were from beef cattle and seven (3.1 %) were from dairy cattle. None of the blood samples from the sheep and goats understudied were positive for B. bovis. Haemaphysalis bispinosa and Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus were the predominant tick species identified in this study. B. bovis was detected from eight of 200 H. bispinosa ticks and none from the R. microplus ticks. Isolation of B. bovis was successful from all PCR-positive cattle blood samples, except one. Strain differentiation of B. bovis isolates was attempted based on sequence analysis of gltA, ITS, rpoB, and ERIC-PCR assay. B. bovis isolates were differentiated into six genotypes using the approach. The genetic heterogeneity of the isolates was confirmed using MLST method. Of the six MLST sequence types identified, five were designated new sequence types (ST23-27), while one (ST18) had been reported previously from Thailand isolates. All except one isolates were segregated into lineage II. A new lineage (IIa) is proposed for a single isolate obtained from a dairy cow. Conclusions The current study reported the first detection of B. bovis infection in the cattle and H. bispinosa ticks in Peninsular Malaysia. At least six genotypes of B. bovis were found circulating in the cattle understudied. New MLST sequence types were identified in Malaysian B. bovis isolates. Further study is necessary to explore the zoonotic potential of B. bovis and the vector compatibility of H. bispinosa ticks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Ling Kho
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Fui-Xian Koh
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Tariq Jaafar
- Department of Veterinary Services, Ministry of Agriculture and Agro-Based Industry Malaysia, Federal Government Administrative Centre, 62630, Putrajaya, Malaysia.
| | - Quaza Nizamuddin Hassan Nizam
- Department of Veterinary Services, Ministry of Agriculture and Agro-Based Industry Malaysia, Federal Government Administrative Centre, 62630, Putrajaya, Malaysia.
| | - Sun-Tee Tay
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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