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Hecker YP, González-Ortega S, Cano S, Ortega-Mora LM, Horcajo P. Bovine infectious abortion: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1249410. [PMID: 37841464 PMCID: PMC10570746 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1249410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present systematic review and meta-analysis was to identify the main infectious agents related to bovine abortion worldwide in the period between 2000 and 2022. First, we investigated the global prevalence of infectious agents related to bovine abortion. For this analysis, only 27 articles detected of a wide panel of agents were included. The random effects model revealed that the estimated prevalence of the abortifacient agents in bovine abortion was 45.7%. The heterogeneity among studies was high, but Egger's test showed that there was no publication bias, even though the total number of samples analyzed in these articles was variable. There was no significant effect of the year of the study publication on the estimated prevalence, although an increasing trend was observed over time, possibly due to the implementation of new diagnostic techniques. Then, we analyzed the prevalence of the main transmissible agents in bovine abortion. For this analysis, 76 studies that analyzed 19,070 cases were included. Some infectious agent was detected in 7,319 specimens, and a final diagnosis was reached in 3,977 of these, when both the infectious agent and compatible histopathological changes were detected. We found that Neospora caninum was the most detected agent (22.2%), followed by opportunistic bacteria (21.4%), Chlamydiaceae family (10.9%) and Coxiella burnetii (9.5%). Regarding viral agents, bovine herpes virus type 1 and bovine viral diarrhea displayed similar prevalence rates (approximately 5%). After considering the description of specific histopathological changes, our analyzes showed that N. caninum was a confirmed cause of abortion in 16.7% of the analyzed cases, followed by opportunistic bacteria (12.6%) and Chlamydia spp. (6.8%); however, C. burnetii was only confirmed as a cause of abortion in 1.1% of the cases. For all agents, the heterogeneity among studies was high, and the subgroup analyzes discarded the diagnostic method as the cause of such heterogeneity. This study provides knowledge about the global prevalence of the different infectious agents related to bovine abortion, the most coming of which is N. caninum. In addition, this review reveals the existing deficiencies in the diagnosis of bovine abortion that must be addressed in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanina Paola Hecker
- SALUVET, Animal Health Department, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Institute of Innovation for Agricultural Production and Sustainable Development (IPADS Balcarce), INTA-CONICET, Balcarce, Argentina
| | - Sara González-Ortega
- SALUVET, Animal Health Department, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Santiago Cano
- Computing Services, Research Support Center, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Miguel Ortega-Mora
- SALUVET, Animal Health Department, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Horcajo
- SALUVET, Animal Health Department, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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2
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Involvement of herpesviruses in cases of abortion among water buffaloes in southern Italy. Vet Res Commun 2022; 46:719-729. [DOI: 10.1007/s11259-022-09887-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Tsai MS, François S, Newman C, Macdonald DW, Buesching CD. Patterns of Genital Tract Mustelid Gammaherpesvirus 1 (Musghv-1) Reactivation Are Linked to Stressors in European Badgers ( Meles Meles). Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11050716. [PMID: 34064759 PMCID: PMC8151406 DOI: 10.3390/biom11050716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Gammaherpesvirus reactivation can promote diseases or impair reproduction. Understanding reactivation patterns and associated risks of different stressors is therefore important. Nevertheless, outside the laboratory or captive environment, studies on the effects of stress on gammaherpesvirus reactivation in wild mammals are lacking. Here we used Mustelid gammaherpesvirus 1 (MusGHV-1) infection in European badgers (Meles meles) as a host-pathogen wildlife model to study the effects of a variety of demographic, physiological and environmental stressors on virus shedding in the genital tract. We collected 251 genital swabs from 150 free-ranging individuals across three seasons and screened them for the presence of MusGHV-1 DNA using PCR targeting the DNA polymerase gene. We explored possible links between MusGHV-1 DNA presence and seven variables reflecting stressors, using logistic regression analysis. The results reveal different sets of risk factors between juveniles and adults, likely reflecting primary infection and reactivation. In adults, virus shedding was more likely in badgers in poorer body condition and younger than 5 years or older than 7; while in juveniles, virus shedding is more likely in females and individuals in better body condition. However, living in social groups with more cubs was a risk factor for all badgers. We discuss possible explanations for these risk factors and their links to stress in badgers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-shan Tsai
- Recanati-Kaplan Centre, Wildlife Conservation Research Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Abingdon Road, Tubney House, Tubney, Oxfordshire OX13 5QL, UK; (C.N.); (D.W.M.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Sarah François
- Evolve.Zoo, Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Park Road, Oxford OX1 3SY, UK;
| | - Chris Newman
- Recanati-Kaplan Centre, Wildlife Conservation Research Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Abingdon Road, Tubney House, Tubney, Oxfordshire OX13 5QL, UK; (C.N.); (D.W.M.)
- Cook’s Lake Farming Forestry and Wildlife Inc. (Ecological Consultancy), Queens County, NS B0J 2H0, Canada;
| | - David W. Macdonald
- Recanati-Kaplan Centre, Wildlife Conservation Research Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Abingdon Road, Tubney House, Tubney, Oxfordshire OX13 5QL, UK; (C.N.); (D.W.M.)
| | - Christina D. Buesching
- Cook’s Lake Farming Forestry and Wildlife Inc. (Ecological Consultancy), Queens County, NS B0J 2H0, Canada;
- Department of Biology, Irving K. Barber Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada
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Nefedchenko AV, Yuzhakov AG, Koteneva SV, Glotova TI, Glotov AG, Zaberezhny AD. [Detection of bovine herpesvirus 4 DNA in cattle by realtime PCR.]. Vopr Virusol 2021; 64:178-184. [PMID: 32163684 DOI: 10.36233/0507-4088-2019-64-4-178-184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION BoHV-4 is poorly understood. Data on the circulation of the virus among animals and its role in infectious diseases insufficient. Aimes and goals. Development of real-time PCR for detecting the BoHV-4 and studying the frequency of its presence in samples from sick animals. MATERIAL AND METHODS The nucleotide sequences of the glycoprotein L gene served as a target for amplification. The sequences of reference strains published in GenBank were used to analyze and design the primers. Studies were conducted in 3 regions of Western Siberia on 5 large dairy farms. RESULTS 27.7% of samples contained the virus. The virus was present as a monoagent in nasal cavity of calves (80.0%), lungs (46.2%) and bronchial lymph nodes (38.5%) in pneumonia. In the cases of diarrhea the virus was detected in 20%, and in cows with gynecological pathology in 10.0%. In respiratory diseases of calves the virus was detected in association with BoHV-1 (21.6%) and BoCV (20.3%), and in gynecological pathology of cows with BVDV1 (6%). DISCUSSION According to the phylogenetic analysis of 5 identified virus isolates, four belonged to the American branch and one to the European branch. The circulation of American strains occurred in the territory of the Republic of Kazakhstan (1), Tyumen (1) and Novosibirsk (2) regions, and the European - in the Novosibirsk region. CONCLUSION The search for viruses involved to the infectious pathology, as well as studying the genetic diversity of viruses circulating on a particular farm including imported from other countries, is relevant.
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Affiliation(s)
- A V Nefedchenko
- Siberian Federal Scientific Centre of Agro-Biotechnologies of the Russian Academy of Science, Institute of Experimentally Veterinary Medicine of Siberia and Far East, Krasnoobsk, Novosibirsk region, 630501, Russian Federation
| | - A G Yuzhakov
- D.I. Ivanovsky Institute of Virology «National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after the honorary academician N.F. Gamaleya», Moscow, 109428, Russian Federatio
| | - S V Koteneva
- Siberian Federal Scientific Centre of Agro-Biotechnologies of the Russian Academy of Science, Institute of Experimentally Veterinary Medicine of Siberia and Far East, Krasnoobsk, Novosibirsk region, 630501, Russian Federation
| | - T I Glotova
- Siberian Federal Scientific Centre of Agro-Biotechnologies of the Russian Academy of Science, Institute of Experimentally Veterinary Medicine of Siberia and Far East, Krasnoobsk, Novosibirsk region, 630501, Russian Federation
| | - A G Glotov
- Siberian Federal Scientific Centre of Agro-Biotechnologies of the Russian Academy of Science, Institute of Experimentally Veterinary Medicine of Siberia and Far East, Krasnoobsk, Novosibirsk region, 630501, Russian Federation
| | - A D Zaberezhny
- All-Russian Research Institute of Experimental Veterinary Medicine named after Ya.R. Kovalenko, Moscow, 109428, Russian Federation
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Infectious Agents Identified by Real-Time PCR, Serology and Bacteriology in Blood and Peritoneal Exudate Samples of Cows Affected by Parietal Fibrinous Peritonitis after Caesarean Section. Vet Sci 2020; 7:vetsci7030134. [PMID: 32933113 PMCID: PMC7558678 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci7030134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to identify the pathogens potentially involved in parietal fibrinous peritonitis (PFP). PFP is a complication of laparotomy in cattle, characterized by an accumulation of exudate inside a fibrinous capsule. We have studied 72 cases of PFP in Belgian blue cows, confirmed by a standard diagnostic protocol. Blood was collected to evaluate the presence of antibodies for Mycoplasma bovis(M. bovis), Coxiella burnetii(C. burnetii) and Bovine Herpesvirus 4(BoHV4) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Peritoneal exudate was obtained from the PFP cavity to perform bacteriological culture, and to identify the DNA of M. bovis, C. burnetii and BoHV4 using real time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Bacteriological culture was positive in most peritoneal samples (59/72); Trueperella pyogenes (T. pyogenes) (51/72) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) (20/72) were the most frequently identified. For BoHV4, the majority of cows showed positive serology and qPCR (56/72 and 49/72, respectively). Contrariwise, M. bovis (17/72 and 6/72, respectively) and C. burnetii (15/72 and 6/72, respectively) were less frequently detected (p < 0.0001). Our study proves that PFP can no longer be qualified as a sterile inflammation. Moreover, we herein describe the first identification of BoHV4 and C. burnetii in cows affected by PFP.
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Pedrera M, Macchi F, McLean RK, Franceschi V, Thakur N, Russo L, Medfai L, Todd S, Tchilian EZ, Audonnet JC, Chappell K, Isaacs A, Watterson D, Young PR, Marsh GA, Bailey D, Graham SP, Donofrio G. Bovine Herpesvirus-4-Vectored Delivery of Nipah Virus Glycoproteins Enhances T Cell Immunogenicity in Pigs. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8010115. [PMID: 32131403 PMCID: PMC7157636 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8010115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nipah virus (NiV) is an emergent pathogen capable of causing acute respiratory illness and fatal encephalitis in pigs and humans. A high fatality rate and broad host tropism makes NiV a serious public and animal health concern. There is therefore an urgent need for a NiV vaccines to protect animals and humans. In this study we investigated the immunogenicity of bovine herpesvirus (BoHV-4) vectors expressing either NiV attachment (G) or fusion (F) glycoproteins, BoHV-4-A-CMV-NiV-GΔTK or BoHV-4-A-CMV-NiV-FΔTK, respectively in pigs. The vaccines were benchmarked against a canarypox (ALVAC) vector expressing NiV G, previously demonstrated to induce protective immunity in pigs. Both BoHV-4 vectors induced robust antigen-specific antibody responses. BoHV-4-A-CMV-NiV-GΔTK stimulated NiV-neutralizing antibody titers comparable to ALVAC NiV G and greater than those induced by BoHV-4-A-CMV-NiV-FΔTK. In contrast, only BoHV-4-A-CMV-NiV-FΔTK immunized pigs had antibodies capable of significantly neutralizing NiV G and F-mediated cell fusion. All three vectored vaccines evoked antigen-specific CD4 and CD8 T cell responses, which were particularly strong in BoHV-4-A-CMV-NiV-GΔTK immunized pigs and to a lesser extent BoHV-4-A-CMV-NiV-FΔTK. These findings emphasize the potential of BoHV-4 vectors for inducing antibody and cell-mediated immunity in pigs and provide a solid basis for the further evaluation of these vectored NiV vaccine candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Pedrera
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright GU24 0NF, UK; (M.P.); (R.K.M.); (N.T.); (L.M.); (E.Z.T.); (D.B.)
| | - Francesca Macchi
- Department of Medical-Veterinary Science, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy; (F.M.); (V.F.); (L.R.)
| | - Rebecca K. McLean
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright GU24 0NF, UK; (M.P.); (R.K.M.); (N.T.); (L.M.); (E.Z.T.); (D.B.)
| | - Valentina Franceschi
- Department of Medical-Veterinary Science, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy; (F.M.); (V.F.); (L.R.)
| | - Nazia Thakur
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright GU24 0NF, UK; (M.P.); (R.K.M.); (N.T.); (L.M.); (E.Z.T.); (D.B.)
| | - Luca Russo
- Department of Medical-Veterinary Science, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy; (F.M.); (V.F.); (L.R.)
| | - Lobna Medfai
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright GU24 0NF, UK; (M.P.); (R.K.M.); (N.T.); (L.M.); (E.Z.T.); (D.B.)
- UnivLyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Shawn Todd
- CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong, Victoria 3219, Australia; (S.T.); (G.A.M.)
| | - Elma Z. Tchilian
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright GU24 0NF, UK; (M.P.); (R.K.M.); (N.T.); (L.M.); (E.Z.T.); (D.B.)
| | - Jean-Christophe Audonnet
- Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health, Bâtiment 700 R&D, 813 Cours du 3ème Millénaire, 69800 Saint Priest, France;
| | - Keith Chappell
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia; (K.C.); (A.I.); (D.W.); (P.R.Y.)
| | - Ariel Isaacs
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia; (K.C.); (A.I.); (D.W.); (P.R.Y.)
| | - Daniel Watterson
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia; (K.C.); (A.I.); (D.W.); (P.R.Y.)
| | - Paul R. Young
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia; (K.C.); (A.I.); (D.W.); (P.R.Y.)
| | - Glenn A. Marsh
- CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong, Victoria 3219, Australia; (S.T.); (G.A.M.)
| | - Dalan Bailey
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright GU24 0NF, UK; (M.P.); (R.K.M.); (N.T.); (L.M.); (E.Z.T.); (D.B.)
| | - Simon P. Graham
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright GU24 0NF, UK; (M.P.); (R.K.M.); (N.T.); (L.M.); (E.Z.T.); (D.B.)
- Correspondence: (S.P.G.); (G.D.)
| | - Gaetano Donofrio
- Department of Medical-Veterinary Science, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy; (F.M.); (V.F.); (L.R.)
- Correspondence: (S.P.G.); (G.D.)
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Florencia R, Julieta M, Sandra P, Enrique LU, Maia M, German C, Leunda MR, Erika GA, Susana P, Maximiliano S, Anselmo O, Leandro J, Verna AE. Characterization of the first bovine gammaherpesvirus 4 strain isolated from an aborted bovine fetus in Argentina. Arch Virol 2020; 165:719-723. [PMID: 31980937 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-019-04507-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Bovine herpesvirus 4 (BoHV-4) is increasingly believed to be responsible for several disorders of the bovine reproductive tract. The first characterization of BoHV-4 in Argentina was from samples from an aborted fetus. Argentinean isolates are highly diverse and are phylogenetically grouped in three genotypes. In this study, we describe the isolation of BoHV-4 from a bovine fetus with a gestational age of 8 months and without macroscopic lesions. Genetic analyses revealed that the isolated strain belongs to genotype 2. This is the first report on the presence of infectious BoHV-4 in tissues from an aborted bovine fetus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romeo Florencia
- Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Tecnológica (ANPCyT), Godoy Cruz 2370, C1425FQD, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Grupo de Sanidad Animal, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), 7620, Balcarce, Argentina
| | - Manrique Julieta
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Rivadavia 1917, C1033AAJ, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Laboratorio de Virología y Genética Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia San Juan Bosco, Trelew, Chubut, Argentina
| | - Perez Sandra
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Rivadavia 1917, C1033AAJ, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (UNCPBA), Sede Tandil, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Louge Uriarte Enrique
- Grupo de Sanidad Animal, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), 7620, Balcarce, Argentina
| | - Marín Maia
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Rivadavia 1917, C1033AAJ, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Grupo de Sanidad Animal, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), 7620, Balcarce, Argentina
| | - Cantón German
- Grupo de Sanidad Animal, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), 7620, Balcarce, Argentina
| | - Maria R Leunda
- Grupo de Sanidad Animal, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), 7620, Balcarce, Argentina
| | - González Altamiranda Erika
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Rivadavia 1917, C1033AAJ, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Grupo de Sanidad Animal, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), 7620, Balcarce, Argentina
| | - Pereyra Susana
- Grupo de Sanidad Animal, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), 7620, Balcarce, Argentina
| | - Spetter Maximiliano
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Rivadavia 1917, C1033AAJ, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Grupo de Sanidad Animal, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), 7620, Balcarce, Argentina
| | - Odeón Anselmo
- Grupo de Sanidad Animal, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), 7620, Balcarce, Argentina
| | - Jones Leandro
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Rivadavia 1917, C1033AAJ, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Laboratorio de Virología y Genética Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia San Juan Bosco, Trelew, Chubut, Argentina
| | - Andrea E Verna
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Rivadavia 1917, C1033AAJ, Buenos Aires, Argentina. .,Grupo de Sanidad Animal, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), 7620, Balcarce, Argentina.
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Bovine herpes virus type-4 infection among postpartum dairy cows in California: risk factors and phylogenetic analysis. Epidemiol Infect 2018; 146:904-912. [PMID: 29633683 DOI: 10.1017/s0950268818000791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The aims of this study were to determine the prevalence and associated risk factors of bovine herpes virus type-4 (BoHV-4) infection and describe the genetic characteristics and predominant genotypes of the virus in Yolo and Tulare counties, California. A cross-sectional study involving multi-stage sampling technique was used. One hundred and forty-eight post-partum cows were enrolled from 11 dairy farms. Uterine/vaginal samples were collected and tested for BoHV-4 and other co-infecting viruses using real-time PCR. Data were analysed using multilevel logistic mixed-effect model. Phylogenetic analysis of 10 BoHV-4 isolates was conducted by targeting three open reading frames (ORF3, ORF8 and ORF 22) of the viral genome. The prevalence of BoHV-4 infection was 22.3% (33/148), while post-partum metritis was 33.8% (48/142). Strong association was found between BoHV-4 infection and lactation number, lactation stage and post-partum metritis. The odds of being positive for BoHV-4 infection were 6.47 times (95% CI 1.17-35.92; P 240 days). Cows with post-partum metritis were 4.51 times (95% CI 1.27-16.02; P < 0.05) more likely to test positive for BoHV-4 infection compared with those without post-partum metritis. Phylogenetic analysis of BoHV-4 based on sequencing of glycoprotein and thymidine kinase (TK) genes revealed genetic variability of the virus with glycoprotein B genotype 1 and TK genotype 2 as being dominant genotypes. The reported high genetic variability of BoHV-4 indicates the possibility of co-infection with multiple genotypes.
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Chanrot M, Blomqvist G, Guo Y, Ullman K, Juremalm M, Bage R, Donofrio G, Valarcher JF, Humblot P. Bovine herpes virus type 4 alters TNF-α and IL-8 profiles and impairs the survival of bovine endometrial epithelial cells. Reprod Biol 2017; 17:225-232. [DOI: 10.1016/j.repbio.2017.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2017] [Revised: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/13/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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10
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Gagnon CA, Traesel CK, Music N, Laroche J, Tison N, Auger JP, Music S, Provost C, Bellehumeur C, Abrahamyan L, Carman S, DesCôteaux L, Charette SJ. Whole Genome Sequencing of a Canadian Bovine Gammaherpesvirus 4 Strain and the Possible Link between the Viral Infection and Respiratory and Reproductive Clinical Manifestations in Dairy Cattle. Front Vet Sci 2017; 4:92. [PMID: 28670580 PMCID: PMC5472674 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2017.00092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Bovine gammaherpesvirus 4 (BoHV-4) is a herpesvirus widespread in cattle populations, and with no clear disease association. Its genome contains a long unique coding region (LUR) flanked by polyrepetitive DNA and 79 open reading frames (ORFs), with unique 17 ORFs, named Bo1 to Bo17. In 2009, a BoHV-4 strain was isolated (FMV09-1180503: BoHV-4-FMV) from cattle with respiratory disease from Quebec, Canada, and its LUR was sequenced. Despite the overall high similarity, BoHV-4-FMV had the most divergent LUR sequence compared to the two known BoHV-4 reference strain genomes; most of the divergences were in the Bo genes and in the repeat regions. Our phylogenetic analysis based on DNA polymerase and thymidine kinase genes revealed that virus isolate was BoHV-4 gammaherpesvirus and clustered it together with European BoHV-4 strains. Because BoHV-4-FMV was isolated from animals presenting respiratory signs, we have updated the BoHV-4 Canadian cattle seroprevalence data and tried to find out whether there is a link between clinical manifestation and BoHV-4 seropositivity. An indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) was performed with nearly 200 randomized sera of dairy cattle from two Canadian provinces, Quebec (n = 100) and Ontario (n = 91). An additional set of sera obtained from Quebec, from the healthy (n = 48) cows or from the animals experiencing respiratory or reproductive problems (n = 75), was also analyzed by IFA. BoHV-4 seroprevalence in Canadian dairy cattle was 7.9% (Quebec: 6% and Ontario: 9.9%). Among animals from the Quebec-based farms, diseased animals showed higher BoHV-4 seropositivity than healthy animals (P < 0.05), with a significant 2.494 odds ratio of being seropositive in sick compared to healthy animals. Although there is no established direct link between BoHV-4 and specific diseases, these seroprevalence data suggest the possible involvement of BoHV-4 in dairy cattle diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl A Gagnon
- Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Center (CRIPA) and Groupe de recherche sur les maladies infectieuses en production animale (GREMIP), Faculté de médecine vétérinaire (FMV), Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - Carolina Kist Traesel
- Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Center (CRIPA) and Groupe de recherche sur les maladies infectieuses en production animale (GREMIP), Faculté de médecine vétérinaire (FMV), Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - Nedzad Music
- Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Center (CRIPA) and Groupe de recherche sur les maladies infectieuses en production animale (GREMIP), Faculté de médecine vétérinaire (FMV), Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - Jérôme Laroche
- Institut de biologie intégrative et des systèmes (IBIS), Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Nicolas Tison
- Département des Sciences cliniques, FMV, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - Jean-Philippe Auger
- Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Center (CRIPA) and Groupe de recherche sur les maladies infectieuses en production animale (GREMIP), Faculté de médecine vétérinaire (FMV), Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - Sanela Music
- Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Center (CRIPA) and Groupe de recherche sur les maladies infectieuses en production animale (GREMIP), Faculté de médecine vétérinaire (FMV), Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - Chantale Provost
- Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Center (CRIPA) and Groupe de recherche sur les maladies infectieuses en production animale (GREMIP), Faculté de médecine vétérinaire (FMV), Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - Christian Bellehumeur
- Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Center (CRIPA) and Groupe de recherche sur les maladies infectieuses en production animale (GREMIP), Faculté de médecine vétérinaire (FMV), Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - Levon Abrahamyan
- Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Center (CRIPA) and Groupe de recherche sur les maladies infectieuses en production animale (GREMIP), Faculté de médecine vétérinaire (FMV), Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - Susy Carman
- Animal Health Laboratory, Laboratory Services Division, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Luc DesCôteaux
- Département des Sciences cliniques, FMV, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - Steve J Charette
- Institut de biologie intégrative et des systèmes (IBIS), Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.,Département de biochimie, de microbiologie et de bio-informatique, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.,Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada
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11
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Stojkovic B, Mullen MP, Donofrio G, McLoughlin RM, Meade KG. Interleukin 8 haplotypes drive divergent responses in uterine endometrial cells and are associated with somatic cell score in Holstein-Friesian cattle. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2017; 184:18-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2016.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Revised: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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12
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Cvetojević Đ, Savić B, Milićević V, Kureljušić B, Jezdimirović N, Jakić-Dimić D, Pavlović M, Spalević L. Prevalence of Bovine herpesvirus type 4 in aborting dairy cows. Pol J Vet Sci 2016; 19:731-736. [DOI: 10.1515/pjvs-2016-0092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractBovine herpesvirus type 4 (BHV-4) is related to many different conditions: infertility, postpartal metritis, vulvovaginitis, mastitis, encephalitis, calf pneumonia, keratoconjunctivitis, cutaneous lesions, digital dermatitis and abortion. In this study a retrospective PCR examination of 100 extracted DNA samples from aborting cows was performed in order to determine: prevalence of BHV-4 in abortive cattle, whether coinfections BHV-4 with other abortifacient pathogens are present in the same sample and to determine the month of gestation when BHV-4 associated abortions were detected. Out of 100 examined samples, the BHV-4 genome was detected in 21 samples (21%). In two samples we detected coinfection of BHV-4 with bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) and in one withNeospora caninum. Most of the BHV-4-associated abortions were detected during the seventh month of gestation. It was concluded that an active BHV-4 infection was present among cows that aborted on the farms examined. The high prevalence of the BHV-4 genome in abortion material suggests that this virus may have cause the abortions. Further studies and examinations are needed to establish causative connection between presence of BHV-4 and abortion.
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13
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Szenci O, Sassi G, Fodor L, Molnár L, Szelényi Z, Tibold J, Mádl I, Egyed L. Co-infection with Bovine Herpesvirus 4 and Histophilus somni Significantly Extends the Service Period in Dairy Cattle with Purulent Vaginal Discharge. Reprod Domest Anim 2015; 51:143-9. [PMID: 26690881 DOI: 10.1111/rda.12658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of Bovine Herpesvirus 4 (BoHV-4) and Histophilus (H.) somni on fertility rate of cows in a Hungarian Holstein-Friesian dairy herd with purulent vaginal discharge (PVD). Non-pregnant cows (n = 188) with mature corpus luteum were treated with cloprostenol and 3 days later if they did not show oestrus, were examined by rectal palpation. Animals showing PVD (n = 60/31.9%/) and 14 controls with normal vaginal discharge (Score 0) were randomly selected and further examined by ultrasonography and blood samples were collected for detecting BoHV-4 DNA and transcervical guarded swabs were collected from the uterus for bacteriological examination. Although the majority of the examined animals were infected with BoHV-4 and H. somni including the control animals as well, in group of animals with PVD score 3, fewer animals became pregnant and the duration between the first treatment to pregnancy was significantly extended. Based on these clinical and comparative data, our results confirm that these two microorganisms together may impair important reproductive parameters which may cause large economic losses to dairy farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Szenci
- MTA-SZIE Large Animal Clinical Research Group, Üllő-Dóra major, Hungary.,Department and Clinic for Production Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Szent István University, Üllő-Dóra major, Hungary
| | - G Sassi
- Department and Clinic for Production Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Szent István University, Üllő-Dóra major, Hungary
| | - L Fodor
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Szent István University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - L Molnár
- Department and Clinic for Production Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Szent István University, Üllő-Dóra major, Hungary
| | - Z Szelényi
- MTA-SZIE Large Animal Clinical Research Group, Üllő-Dóra major, Hungary.,Department and Clinic for Production Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Szent István University, Üllő-Dóra major, Hungary
| | | | - I Mádl
- Agroproduct Zrt, Pápa, Hungary
| | - L Egyed
- Agricultural Research Center, Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
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14
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Franceschi V, Parker S, Jacca S, Crump RW, Doronin K, Hembrador E, Pompilio D, Tebaldi G, Estep RD, Wong SW, Buller MR, Donofrio G. BoHV-4-Based Vector Single Heterologous Antigen Delivery Protects STAT1(-/-) Mice from Monkeypoxvirus Lethal Challenge. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2015; 9:e0003850. [PMID: 26086739 PMCID: PMC4473039 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0003850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Monkeypox virus (MPXV) is the etiological agent of human (MPX). It is an emerging orthopoxvirus zoonosis in the tropical rain forest of Africa and is endemic in the Congo-basin and sporadic in West Africa; it remains a tropical neglected disease of persons in impoverished rural areas. Interaction of the human population with wildlife increases human infection with MPX virus (MPXV), and infection from human to human is possible. Smallpox vaccination provides good cross-protection against MPX; however, the vaccination campaign ended in Africa in 1980, meaning that a large proportion of the population is currently unprotected against MPXV infection. Disease control hinges on deterring zoonotic exposure to the virus and, barring that, interrupting person-to-person spread. However, there are no FDA-approved therapies against MPX, and current vaccines are limited due to safety concerns. For this reason, new studies on pathogenesis, prophylaxis and therapeutics are still of great interest, not only for the scientific community but also for the governments concerned that MPXV could be used as a bioterror agent. In the present study, a new vaccination strategy approach based on three recombinant bovine herpesvirus 4 (BoHV-4) vectors, each expressing different MPXV glycoproteins, A29L, M1R and B6R were investigated in terms of protection from a lethal MPXV challenge in STAT1 knockout mice. BoHV-4-A-CMV-A29LgD106ΔTK, BoHV-4-A-EF1α-M1RgD106ΔTK and BoHV-4-A-EF1α-B6RgD106ΔTK were successfully constructed by recombineering, and their capacity to express their transgene was demonstrated. A small challenge study was performed, and all three recombinant BoHV-4 appeared safe (no weight-loss or obvious adverse events) following intraperitoneal administration. Further, BoHV-4-A-EF1α-M1RgD106ΔTK alone or in combination with BoHV-4-A-CMV-A29LgD106ΔTK and BoHV-4-A-EF1α-B6RgD106ΔTK, was shown to be able to protect, 100% alone and 80% in combination, STAT1(-/-) mice against mortality and morbidity. This work demonstrated the efficacy of BoHV-4 based vectors and the use of BoHV-4 as a vaccine-vector platform.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Scott Parker
- Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Sarah Jacca
- Department of Medical-Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Ryan W. Crump
- Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Konstantin Doronin
- Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Edguardo Hembrador
- Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Daniela Pompilio
- Department of Medical-Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Giulia Tebaldi
- Department of Medical-Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Ryan D. Estep
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Scott W. Wong
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Mark R. Buller
- Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Gaetano Donofrio
- Department of Medical-Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
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15
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Morán PE, Pérez SE, Odeón AC, Verna AE. [Bovine herpesvirus 4 (BoHV-4): general aspects of the biology and status in Argentina]. Rev Argent Microbiol 2015; 47:155-66. [PMID: 25962539 DOI: 10.1016/j.ram.2015.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Revised: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine herpesvirus 4 (BoHV-4) has been isolated from cattle with respiratory infections, vulvovaginitis, mastitis, abortions, endometritis and from apparently healthy animals throughout the world. Although it has not yet been established as causal agent of a specific disease entity, it is primarily associated with reproductive disorders of cattle. This virus can infect a wide range of species, either in vivo or in vitro. Two groups of prototype strains were originated from the first isolates: the DN599-type strains (American group) and the Movar-type strains (European group). In Argentina, BoHV-4 was isolated and characterized in 2007 from vaginal discharge samples taken from cows that had aborted. So far, more than 40 isolates, mainly associated with aborting bovine females have been registered in our country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro E Morán
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (UNCPBA), Tandil, Argentina.
| | - Sandra E Pérez
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (UNCPBA), Tandil, Argentina; Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN)-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Tandil, Argentina
| | - Anselmo C Odeón
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Laboratorio de Virología, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA) Balcarce, Balcarce, Argentina
| | - Andrea E Verna
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Laboratorio de Virología, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA) Balcarce, Balcarce, Argentina
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16
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Marenzoni ML, Stefanetti V, Danzetta ML, Timoney PJ. Gammaherpesvirus infections in equids: a review. VETERINARY MEDICINE-RESEARCH AND REPORTS 2015; 6:91-101. [PMID: 30155436 PMCID: PMC6065615 DOI: 10.2147/vmrr.s39473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Although the first equine gammaherpesvirus was identified over 50 years ago, the isolation and characterization of other members of this virus group has been relatively recent. Even so, numerous clinical syndromes have been identified in equid species in association with these viruses. Equid gammaherpesviruses are a genetically heterogeneous viral subfamily, the function of which in host immune modulation and disease pathogenesis has not yet been elucidated. While they share similarities with gammaherpesviruses in humans, the role they play in their relationship with the host is the subject of continued interest and research. Their widespread presence in horses and other equid species provides a considerable challenge in linking them with particular clinical and pathological conditions and in defining their significance from a diagnostic and therapeutic viewpoint. The present review provides an update on the taxonomy, epidemiology, and clinical syndromes, especially respiratory, reported in association with gammaherpesvirus infection in horses, donkeys, and other equid species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Peter Joseph Timoney
- Department of Veterinary Science, Maxwell H Gluck Equine Research Center, Lexington, KY, USA
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17
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Jacca S, Franceschi V, Agosti M, Cavirani S, Mistretta F, Donofrio G. Interferon Gamma-Mediated BoHV-4 Replication Restriction in Bovine Endometrial Stromal Cells Is Host IDO1 Gene Expression Independent and BoHV-4 IE2 Gene Expression Dependent1. Biol Reprod 2014; 91:112. [DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.114.123000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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18
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Marenzoni ML, Sforna M, Stefanetti V, Casagrande Proietti P, Brignone L, Del Sero A, Falcioni F, Orvieto S, Tamantini C, Tiburzi A, Valentini S, Coletti M, Timoney PJ, Passamonti F. Detection of Equid herpesvirus type 2 and 5 DNA in uterine flushings of mares with reproductive disorders. Vet Microbiol 2014; 174:570-576. [PMID: 25455084 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2014.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Revised: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, there has been increasing evidence of the potential pathogenic significance of equine gammaherpesviruses in the horse. In humans, cattle and mice, gammaherpesviruses have already been associated with uterine infection. The aim of the present study was to investigate the presence of gammaherpesviruses in uterine flushings of mares with reproductive problems and to evaluate if there was a possible statistical association with clinical and laboratory findings in these cases. A total of 80 uterine flushings were collected from 61 mares with different reproductive problems and these were tested for equine herpesviruses (EHV) 1-5 by PCR. In the case of each mare in the study, the age, history of infertility, presence of anatomical defects in the reproductive tract, presence of systemic or local disease at time of sampling, phase in the oestrous cycle, post-partum interval, nature of uterine lavage performed (low versus large volume lavage), cytological and bacteriological examination results from the uterine flushing, and PCR herpesvirus results were recorded. Univariate analysis and multivariable logistic regression models were used to identify possible statistical associations and risk factors. Nine out of 61 mares (14.7%) had EHV-5 DNA in their uterine flushings. Co-infections with EHV-1 and EHV-2 were present in two cases. Of all the variables analyzed, only the cytological examination findings were associated with EHV-5 PCR positive results, both on univariate and multivariable analysis, especially in cases with an inflammation score of 3. It is postulated that presence of EHV-5 infection in the non-pregnant uterus may have a role to play in reproductive dysfunction and have a negative consequence on the pregnant uterus. Additional studies involving both healthy mares and mares with reproductive problems need to be performed, however, to elucidate whatever role equine gammaherpesviruses may play in the reproductive tract. This would be very worthwhile, since reproductive problems can have a significant impact on the equine breeding industry. Gaining a greater understanding of its causes could lead to new approaches for prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Luisa Marenzoni
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, via S. Costanzo 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Monica Sforna
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, via S. Costanzo 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy
| | - Valentina Stefanetti
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, via S. Costanzo 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Luca Brignone
- Private Practitioner, Central Italy, via S. Costanzo 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy
| | - Andrea Del Sero
- Private Practitioner, Central Italy, via S. Costanzo 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy
| | - Fabio Falcioni
- Private Practitioner, Central Italy, via S. Costanzo 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy
| | - Simona Orvieto
- Private Practitioner, Central Italy, via S. Costanzo 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy
| | - Cristina Tamantini
- Private Practitioner, Central Italy, via S. Costanzo 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy
| | - Alessandra Tiburzi
- Private Practitioner, Central Italy, via S. Costanzo 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy
| | - Silvia Valentini
- Private Practitioner, Central Italy, via S. Costanzo 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy
| | - Mauro Coletti
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, via S. Costanzo 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy
| | - Peter J Timoney
- Department of Veterinary Science, Maxwell H. Gluck Equine Research Center, 1400 Nicholasville Road, Lexington, KY 40546-0099, United States
| | - Fabrizio Passamonti
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, via S. Costanzo 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy
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19
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Fasciola hepatica - the pilot study of in vitro assessing immune response against native and recombinant antigens of the fluke. Acta Parasitol 2013; 58:453-62. [PMID: 24338305 DOI: 10.2478/s11686-013-0163-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Fasciola hepatica is a liver fluke that infects 2.4 million of people and causes great economical loss in animal production. To date a 100% effective vaccine has not been developed and the disease is controlled by drug therapy. Great efforts are put into development of effective vaccine against parasite what is difficult since Fasciola spp. (like other helmints) during evolutionary process has developed sophisticated and efficient methods to evade immune response. During preliminary experiments it is convenient to use cell lines which are relatively cheap and allow for reproducible comparison of results between laboratories. We stimulated BOMA (bovine monocyte/macrophage cell line) and BOMAC (bovine macrophage cell line) with native or recombinant antigens of Fasciola hepatica and assessed IFN-γ, IL-4 and TNF-α level upon stimulation. We observed diminished secretion of proinflammatory TNF-α in LPS activated BOMA cells stimulated with Excretory/Secretory products of adult fluke (Fh-ES). We also observed greater changes in gene expression in LPS activated BOMA cells than in non activated BOMA cells upon stimulation using Fh-ES. The results show possibility of using cell lines for in vitro research of bovine immune response against liver fluke, although this model still requires validation and further characterization.
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20
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Chastant-Maillard S. Impact of Bovine Herpesvirus 4 (BoHV-4) on Reproduction. Transbound Emerg Dis 2013; 62:245-51. [PMID: 23998345 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Bovine herpesvirus 4 (BoHV-4) is increasingly considered as responsible for various reproductive troubles. This virus infects blood mononuclear cells and displays a specific tropism for vascular endothelia, mammary tissue, endometrium and foetal tissues. Viral multiplication can be reactivated by corticosteroids or stress, both factors present at calving. BoHV-4 has been isolated in a large variety of clinical cases, primarily metritis, vaginitis and mastitis, but also endometritis, abortion and orchitis. Its impact on reproductive performance has been suggested by several epidemiological studies: seroprevalence against BoHV-4 is higher in aborted females and in repeat breeders. Nevertheless, its intrinsic pathogenic power seems low, symptoms developing only when BoHV-4 cooperates with bacteria: within the uterus or mammary gland. BoHV-4 is rather currently considered as a cofactor for the development of an inflammatory reaction initiated by bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Chastant-Maillard
- INRA, UMR 1125 IHAP Host Pathogen Interactions, Toulouse CEDEX 03, France; Department of Reproduction, INP-ENVT, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse CEDEX 03, France
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21
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Jacca S, Franceschi V, Colagiorgi A, Sheldon M, Donofrio G. Bovine Endometrial Stromal Cells Support Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha-Induced Bovine Herpesvirus Type 4 Enhanced Replication1. Biol Reprod 2013; 88:135. [DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.112.106740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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22
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Franceschi V, Capocefalo A, Cavirani S, Donofrio G. Bovine herpesvirus 4 glycoprotein B is indispensable for lytic replication and irreplaceable by VSVg. BMC Vet Res 2013; 9:6. [PMID: 23302472 PMCID: PMC3549454 DOI: 10.1186/1746-6148-9-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2012] [Accepted: 11/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bovine herpesvirus 4 (BoHV-4) is a gammaherpesvirus, belonging to Rhadinovirus genus, with no clear association with disease. However, there is increasing evidence of its secondary pathogenic role in cases of post-partum metritis in cattle. BoHV-4 Open Reading Frame 8 (ORF8) codifies for glycoprotein B (gB) that shows a heterodimeric structure, composed of two subunits and covalently linked by disulfide bonds and responsible for host cell adhesion through binding to heparan sulfates associated with cellular proteoglycans. Here we describe the generation of several tagged soluble forms of gB ectodomain, in order to test their ability to neutralize BoHV-4 infection. RESULTS The results show, however, that none of these soluble forms are able to block viral infectivity. To better understand the role of gB during BoHV-4 lytic replication, a recombinant BoHV-4 was generated by homologous recombination from a BoHV-4 cloned as a Bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) (pBAC-BoHV-4-A), in which most of the BoHV-4 gB ORF was substituted by the insertion of a DNA stuffer selectable cassette. The resulting recombinant BoHV-4 genome (pBAC-BoHV-4-AΔgB-KanaGalK) was completely unable to reconstitute infectious replicating viral particles (Infectious Replicating Viral Particles, IRVPs) and to replicate when transfected in permissive cell lines in comparison to its revertant clone (pBAC-BoHV-4-ΔgB-Rev) or pBAC-BoHV-4-A parental clone. CONCLUSION This demonstrates that the BoHV-4 replicating cycle is dependent on gB. Moreover, when gB was deleted from a recombinant BoHV-4 genome delivering an heterologous glycoprotein, Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Glycoprotein (VSVg), VSVg was unable to complement gB. This study provides direct evidence that gB is necessary for BoHV-4 lytic replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Franceschi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Medico Veterinarie, Università di Parma, via del Taglio 10, 43126, Parma, Italy
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23
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Motalleb G. Virotherapy in cancer. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF CANCER PREVENTION 2013; 6:101-7. [PMID: 25250118 PMCID: PMC4142919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2013] [Accepted: 03/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
New cancer therapies with novel mechanisms and functions are needed to treatpatients with different cancers. Virotherapy is a good scenario for such treatment. The advantages of virotherapy include the potential lack of cross resistance with standard therapies and the ability to cause tumor destruction by numerous mechanisms. Oncolytic virus not only possesses unique mechanisms of action that are distinct from other treatment modalities, its self-perpetuating nature provides an ideal platform for therapeutic transgenic insertion. In this review article, a variety of oncolytic viruses in cancer gene therapy will be described.
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24
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Welchman DDB, Verkuijl AM, Pepper WJ, Ibata G, King SA, Davidson HM, Mawhinney IC, Banks M. Association of gammaherpesviruses and bacteria with clinical metritis in a dairy herd. Vet Rec 2012; 170:207. [DOI: 10.1136/vr.100384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. de B. Welchman
- Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency (AHVLA) - Winchester; Itchen Abbas Winchester SO21 1BX UK
| | - A. M. Verkuijl
- Cliffe Veterinary Group; 21, Cliffe High Street Lewes BN7 2AH UK
| | - W. J. Pepper
- Cliffe Veterinary Group; 21, Cliffe High Street Lewes BN7 2AH UK
| | - G. Ibata
- AHVLA - Weybridge; New Haw Addlestone KT15 3NB UK
| | - S. A. King
- Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency (AHVLA) - Winchester; Itchen Abbas Winchester SO21 1BX UK
| | - H. M. Davidson
- Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency (AHVLA) - Winchester; Itchen Abbas Winchester SO21 1BX UK
| | - I. C. Mawhinney
- AHVLA - Bury St Edmunds; Rougham Hill Bury St Edmunds IP33 2RX UK
| | - M. Banks
- AHVLA - Weybridge; New Haw Addlestone KT15 3NB UK
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25
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Costa E, Vasconcelos A, Bomfim M, Amorim H, Lima G, Coelho F, Resende M. Neurological disorder in cattle associated with bovine herpesvirus 4. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2011. [DOI: 10.1590/s0102-09352011000400006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A nested PCR assay was used to diagnose bovine encephalitis through herpesviruses including bovine herpesvirus 5 (BHV-5), bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1), Aujeszky's disease virus (SHV-1), and ovine herpesvirus 2 (OHV-2) in 14 fragments of central nervous system (CNS) from cattle that died with neurological signs. In addition, as some samples of bovine herpesvirus type 4 (BHV-4) have been isolated from neural tissue, it was also tested by nested PCR. The cases of encephalitis occurred in isolation at different times of the year and did not present any seasonality. The duration of the clinical course ranged between 1 to 15 days, and in 64.3% of the cases it manifested between 1 to 2 days. The most frequently observed neurological signs were ataxia, recumbency, unsteadiness and inability to stand, opisthotonus, paddling movements, nystagmus and ptyalism. In the nested assay, there was no evidence of: BHV-1, SHV-1 or OHV-2 in the DNA obtained from the CNS in any of the samples. But the presence of BHV-4 was found in all fragments of the CNS in cattle which died presenting neurological signs. Moreover, BHV-5 was found in association with BHV-4 in two of these samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- E.A. Costa
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais
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Egyed L, Sassi G, Tibold J, Mádl I, Szenci O. Symptomless intrauterine transmission of bovine herpesvirus 4 to bovine fetuses. Microb Pathog 2011; 50:322-5. [PMID: 21354299 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2010.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2010] [Revised: 09/07/2010] [Accepted: 10/07/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Blood samples of 31 healthy calves and their dams taken immediately after calving before colostrum uptake, and at days 11, 23 and 8 weeks, spleens of seven stillborn calves were analysed in order to determine the source and time of bovine herpesvirus type 4 infection. All the calves were born as seronegatives, while all cattle were seropositives. Viral DNA were amplified by a nested PCR assay from 54.8% of peripheral blood leukocyte samples of newborn calves taken before colostrum uptake, and from all cattle and from their colostrums. Real time PCR detected higher virus level in peripheral blood leukocytes in adult cattle, then in their newborn calves. Bovine semen cells (spermatozoa and leukocyte fractions), spleens of stillborn calves also carried viral genomes. Our results prove, that bovine fetuses can be infected in utero by BoHV-4, but are born as seronegatives. After human examples this is the first report in veterinary virology on intrauterine transmission of a herpesvirus without acute consequences. This phenomenon could explain the low antigenicity of BoHV-4 proteins and lack of neutralizating antibodies. BoHV-4, a gammaherpesvirus, could serve as an animal model for studying inapparent herpesviral infections of human fetuses.
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Affiliation(s)
- László Egyed
- Veterinary Medical Research Institute of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 18. 1581 Budapest, Hungary.
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Donofrio G, Capocefalo A, Franceschi V, Price S, Cavirani S, Sheldon IM. The Chemokine IL8 Is Up-Regulated in Bovine Endometrial Stromal Cells by the BoHV-4 IE2 Gene Product, ORF50/Rta: A Step Ahead Toward a Mechanism for BoHV-4 Induced Endometritis1. Biol Reprod 2010; 83:919-28. [DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.110.086074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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Donofrio G, Taddei S, Franceschi V, Capocefalo A, Cavirani S, Martinelli N, Ottonello S, Ferrari M. Swine adipose stromal cells loaded with recombinant bovine herpesvirus 4 virions expressing a foreign antigen induce potent humoral immune responses in pigs. Vaccine 2010; 29:867-72. [PMID: 21115049 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2010.11.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2010] [Revised: 11/03/2010] [Accepted: 11/14/2010] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Increasingly effective vaccination strategies are needed to counteract the high incidence of contagious diseases associated with intensive swine breeding. Recombinant viral vaccines are a promising new avenue in this direction. Key features of viral vectors suitable for immunoprophylaxis are safety, ease of manipulation and the ability to replicate in a variety of hosts. Most of the above requirements are met by bovine herpesvirus 4 (BoHV-4), a non-pathogenic dsDNA virus capable of infecting a broad range of cell types in vitro. Here we report the results of an exploratory study using an engineered BoHV-4 virus (eBoHV-4) expressing two unrelated glycoprotein antigens from bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) and bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1), to assess the potential of recombinant BoHV-4 as a self-adjuvanted immunogen in pigs. Free eBoHV-4 virions and virions preloaded into homologous swine adipose-derived stromal cells (SADSC) were tested. Neither virus formulation elicited neutralizing anti-BoHV-4 antibodies, nor any disease symptom, yet both induced specific immune responses against the heterologous antigens. However, a much earlier (18 vs 28 days post-infection) and more robust neutralizing response against BVDV and BoHV-1 viruses was elicited by eBoHV-4-preinfected SADSCs compared to free virions. The data validate BoHV-4 as a safe and effective heterologous antigen carrier/producer and identify SADSCs as helpful tools for the formulation of increasingly efficacious recombinant immunogens for pig vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaetano Donofrio
- Dipartimento di Salute Animale, Università di Parma, Sezione di Malattie Infettive degli Animali, Via del Taglio 10, 43126 Parma, Italy
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29
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Nak Y, Dagalp SB, Cetin C, Nak D, Alkan F, Borum E, Tuna B. Course and severity of postpartum metritis cases following antibiotic and PGF2α administration in postpartum metritis cows infected with BoHV-4. Transbound Emerg Dis 2010; 58:31-6. [PMID: 21040510 DOI: 10.1111/j.1865-1682.2010.01174.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Forty cows between day 1 and day 21 post-calving were examined for the presence of postpartum metritis in a dairy herd that had recently experienced an increase in metritis and that had previously tested positive against bovine herpes virus 4 (BoHV-4) by various methods. Antibodies against BoHV-4 were detected in sera from 15 of 22 cows. For the virological study, uterine swab samples of 22 cows with metritis were used and tested for BoHV-4 using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), virus isolation (VI), and immunofluorescence techniques. Twenty-two point seven per cent (5/22) of the vaginal discharge samples obtained from cows with metritis were found positive for BoHV-4 DNA by PCR. All of these samples were also positive in VI and/or immune fluorescence assay (IF). Swab samples were also tested for bacteria. Empirical therapy with a broad spectrum antibiotic (oxytetracycline) was administrated, pending culture and antibiotic sensitivity result. All cows with puerperal metritis or clinical metritis (CM) were treated with intra-uterine (i.u.) administration of oxytetracycline and with intramuscular (i.m.) injections of dinoprost tromethamine (PGF(2)α) for three consecutive days. Concurrently, with the administration of oxytetracycline and PGF(2)α, cows with a rectal temperature >39.5°C received an additional treatment with oxytetracycline (i.m) for three consecutive days. According to the antibiotic test result, on day 3 after the last oxytetracycline and PGF(2)α administrations, all cows were treated with a combination of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid (i.u.) for three consecutive days. All cows with metritis and that were positive for BoHV-4 recovered clinically after the administration of antibiotic and PGF(2)α. In conclusion, postpartum metritis cases in cows infected BoHV-4 recovered clinically following early diagnosis and prolonged treatments with a combination of antibiotics and PGF(2)α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Nak
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Uludag University Veterinary Faculty, Bursa, Turkey.
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Donofrio G, Capocefalo A, Franceschi V, De Lorenzi L, van Santen V, Parma P. Integration of bovine herpesvirus 4 genome into cultured persistently infected host cell genome. Virol J 2010; 7:246. [PMID: 20854697 PMCID: PMC2949847 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-7-246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2010] [Accepted: 09/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Persistent infection of macrophages with bovine herpesvirus 4 (BoHV-4) has been proposed to play a secondary causal role, along with bacterial infection, in bovine post-partum metritis. Mechanisms of maintenance of BoHV-4 persistent infection are not understood. We previously generated in vitro models of BoHV-4 persistent infection in human rhadomyosarcoma and bovine macrophage cell lines by drug selection of cells infected with BoHV-4 carrying a drug-resistance marker, and demonstrated circular episomal BoHV-4 genomes. In the present study, we used fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) to demonstrate BoHV-4 genomes also integrated into the genomes of these persistently infected cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaetano Donofrio
- Dipartimento di Salute Animale, Sezione di Malattie Infettive degli Animali, Università di Parma, Via del Taglio 10, 43100 Parma, Italy.
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Sheldon IM, Williams EJ, Miller ANA, Nash DM, Herath S. Uterine diseases in cattle after parturition. Vet J 2008; 176:115-21. [PMID: 18329302 PMCID: PMC2706386 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2007.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 234] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/18/2007] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial contamination of the uterine lumen is common in cattle after parturition, often leading to infection and uterine disease. Clinical disease can be diagnosed and scored by examination of the vaginal mucus, which reflects the presence of pathogenic bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Arcanobacterium pyogenes. Viruses may also cause uterine disease and bovine herpesvirus 4 (BoHV-4) is tropic for endometrial cells, causing a rapid cytopathic effect. The elimination of pathogens by the innate immune system is dependent on pattern recognition receptors binding pathogen-associated molecules. Uterine epithelial and stromal cells express receptors such as Toll-like Receptor 4 that binds E. coli lipopolysaccharide. The infertility associated with uterine disease is caused by damage to the endometrium and disruption of ovarian cyclic activity. Bacteria modulate endometrial prostaglandin secretion, and perturb ovarian follicle growth and function. Understanding the molecular basis of uterine disease will lead to novel approaches to treating infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Martin Sheldon
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Royal College Street, London NW1 0TU, UK.
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Donofrio G, Herath S, Sartori C, Cavirani S, Flammini CF, Sheldon IM. Bovine herpesvirus 4 is tropic for bovine endometrial cells and modulates endocrine function. Reproduction 2007; 134:183-97. [PMID: 17641100 PMCID: PMC2740819 DOI: 10.1530/rep-07-0065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Bovine postpartum uterine disease, metritis, affects about 40% of animals and is widely considered to have a bacterial aetiology. Although the gamma-herpesvirus bovine herpesvirus 4 (BoHV-4) has been isolated from several outbreaks of metritis or abortion, the role of viruses in endometrial pathology and the mechanisms of viral infection of uterine cells are often ignored. The objectives of the present study were to explore the interaction, tropism and outcomes of BoHV-4 challenge of endometrial stromal and epithelial cells. Endometrial stromal and epithelial cells were purified and infected with a recombinant BoHV-4 carrying an enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) expression cassette to monitor the establishment of infection. BoHV-4 efficiently infected both stromal and epithelial cells, causing a strong non-apoptotic cytopathic effect, associated with robust viral replication. The crucial step for the BoHV-4 endometriotropism appeared to be after viral entry as there was enhanced transactivation of the BoHV-4 immediate early 2 gene promoter following transient transfection into the endometrial cells. Infection with BoHV-4 increased cyclooxygenase 2 protein expression and prostaglandin estradiol secretion in endometrial stromal cells, but not epithelial cells. Bovine macrophages are persistently infected with BoHV-4, and co-culture with endometrial stromal cells reactivated BoHV-4 replication in the persistently infected macrophages, suggesting a symbiotic relationship between the cells and virus. In conclusion, the present study provides evidence of cellular and molecular mechanisms, supporting the concept that BoHV-4 is a pathogen associated with uterine disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaetano Donofrio
- Dipartimento di Salute Animale, Sezione di Malattie Infettive, Facoltà di Medicina Veterinaria, via del Taglio 8, 43100 Parma, Italy.
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