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Mohammadi M, Saha A, Giles-Davis W, Xiang Z, Novikov M, Hasanpourghadi M, C. J. Ertl H. Preclinical Immunogenicity and Efficacy Studies for Therapeutic Vaccines for Human Papillomavirus-Type-16-Associated Cancer. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:616. [PMID: 38932345 PMCID: PMC11209626 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12060616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to conduct preclinical immunogenicity and efficacy studies with several therapeutic vaccines for human papillomavirus (HPV)-16-associated cancers expressing the early antigens E5, E6, and E7 with or without E2. The viral oncoproteins were either expressed by themselves as fusion proteins or the fusion proteins were inserted genetically into herpes simplex virus (HSV)-1 glycoprotein D (gD) which, upon binding to the herpes virus entry mediator (HVEM), inhibits an early T cell checkpoint mediated by the B and T cell mediator (BTLA). This, in turn, lowers the threshold for T cell activation and augments and broadens CD8+ T cell responses to the antigens. The fusion antigens were expressed by chimpanzee adenovirus (AdC) vectors. Expression of the HPV antigens within gD was essential for vaccine immunogenicity and efficacy against challenge with TC-1 cells, which express E7 and E6 of HPV-16 but neither E5 nor E2. Unexpectedly, inclusion of E2 increased both CD8+ T cell responses to the other oncoproteins of HPV-16 and the effectiveness of the vaccines to cause the regression of sizable TC-1 tumors.
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Yang B, Zhang L, Zhang A, Zhou A, Yuan J, Wang Y, Sun L, Cao H, Zheng W. Variant sublineages of human papillomavirus type 16 predispose women to persistent infection characterized by a sequence analysis of the E6, L1, and LCR regions. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2019; 12:337-343. [PMID: 31933750 PMCID: PMC6943999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND One of the precursors of cervical cancer is persistent infection with human papillomavirus (HPV), especially high-risk HPV. The aim of this study was to verify the relationship between HPV16 variants and persistent viral infection. METHODS Three-hundred and eighty-six Chinese women who had a low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) or a lesion below LSIL with normal cellular morphology were selected and enrolled in this study. Flow-through hybridization and gene chip technology were applied to identify the HPV type, and a PCR-sequencing assay was performed to detect HPV16 E6, L1, and long control region (LCR) gene variants. The relationship between HPV16 variants and persistent infection was analyzed using Fisher's exact test. RESULTS In this population, 74.09% of HPV16 isolates belonged to the A4 sublineage, 24.87% to the A1/A2 sublineages, and 3.13% to B1/B2 sublineages. In addition, the A4 sublineage T178G (P<0.001) and the A1/A2 sublineages T350G and A442C (P<0.001) were associated with persistent HPV16 infection. L1 and LCR variants were found to be common in this population. Nonetheless, no significant relation was identified between the L1 or LCR variants and the persistence of infection (P>0.05). CONCLUSION HPV16 E6 variants in the Shanghai Pudong District mainly belong to the A4 sublineage, and detection of the specific HPV E6 T178G genotype may be considered a risk factor for viral persistence and progression to other cervical diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binlie Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Pudong New Area People’s HospitalShanghai, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Pudong New Area People’s HospitalShanghai, China
| | - Ai Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Pudong New Area People’s HospitalShanghai, China
| | - Aizhi Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Pudong New Area People’s HospitalShanghai, China
| | - Jieyan Yuan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Pudong New Area People’s HospitalShanghai, China
| | - Yuhua Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Pudong New Area People’s HospitalShanghai, China
| | - Liyan Sun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Pudong New Area People’s HospitalShanghai, China
| | - Huimin Cao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Pudong New Area People’s HospitalShanghai, China
| | - Wenxin Zheng
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center DallasTX, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center DallasTX, USA
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Chen Z, DeSalle R, Schiffman M, Herrero R, Wood CE, Ruiz JC, Clifford GM, Chan PKS, Burk RD. Niche adaptation and viral transmission of human papillomaviruses from archaic hominins to modern humans. PLoS Pathog 2018; 14:e1007352. [PMID: 30383862 PMCID: PMC6211759 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent discoveries on the origins of modern humans from multiple archaic hominin populations and the diversity of human papillomaviruses (HPVs) suggest a complex scenario of virus-host evolution. To evaluate the origin of HPV pathogenesis, we estimated the phylogeny, timing, and dispersal of HPV16 variants using a Bayesian Markov Chain Monte Carlo framework. To increase precision, we identified and characterized non-human primate papillomaviruses from New and Old World monkeys to set molecular clock models. We demonstrate specific host niche adaptation of primate papillomaviruses with subsequent coevolution with their primate hosts for at least 40 million years. Analyses of 212 HPV16 complete genomes and 3582 partial sequences estimated ancient divergence of HPV16 variants (between A and BCD lineages) from their most recent common ancestors around half a million years ago, roughly coinciding with the timing of the split between archaic Neanderthals and modern Homo sapiens, and nearly three times longer than divergence times of modern Homo sapiens. HPV16 A lineage variants were significantly underrepresented in present African populations, whereas the A sublineages were highly prevalent in European (A1-3) and Asian (A4) populations, indicative of viral sexual transmission from Neanderthals to modern non-African humans through multiple interbreeding events in the past 80 thousand years. Remarkably, the human leukocyte antigen B*07:02 and C*07:02 alleles associated with increased risk in cervix cancer represent introgressed regions from Neanderthals in present-day Eurasians. The archaic hominin-host-switch model was also supported by other HPV variants. Niche adaptation and virus-host codivergence appear to influence the pathogenesis of papillomaviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zigui Chen
- Departments of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Rob DeSalle
- Sackler Institute of Comparative Genomics, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Mark Schiffman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, United States of America
| | - Rolando Herrero
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France
- Proyecto Epidemiológico Guanacaste, Fundación INCIENSA, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Charles E. Wood
- Department of Pathology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States of America
| | - Julio C. Ruiz
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Bastrop, Texas, United States of America
| | - Gary M. Clifford
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | - Paul K. S. Chan
- Departments of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Robert D. Burk
- Departments of Pediatrics, Microbiology and Immunology; Epidemiology and Population Health; Obstetrics, Gynecology and Woman’s Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States of America
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Prevalence of human papillomavirus types in North and Central regions of Mexico. Epidemiol Infect 2018; 146:1724-1730. [DOI: 10.1017/s0950268818001747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractHuman papillomavirus (HPV) is a DNA virus linked to mucosal and cutaneous carcinogenesis. More than 200 different HPV types exist. We carried out a transversal study to investigate the prevalence of HPV types in two regions of Mexico. A total of 724 genital and non-genital samples from women (F) and men (M) were studied; 241 (33%) from North-Eastern (NE) and 483 (66%) from South-Central (SC) Mexico. The overall prevalence was 87%. In genital lesions from females, the NE group showed a prevalence of HPV types 16 (37%), 6 (13%), 59 (6%), 11, 18 and 66 (5.4% each); and the SC group showed types 6 (17%), 16 (15%), 11 (14.5%), 18 (12%) and 53 (6%). In the genital lesions from males, NE group showed types 16 (38%), 6 (21%), 11 (13%) and 59 plus 31 (7.5%) and the SC group showed types 6 (25%), 11 (22%), 18 (17%) and 16 (11.5%). When the two regions were compared, a higher prevalence of low-risk HPV 6 and 11 was found in the SC region and of high-risk HPV 59, 31 and 66 (the latter can also be present in benign lesions) in the NE region. Our findings complement efforts to understand HPV demographics as a prerequisite to guide and assess the impact of preventive interventions.
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Javadi P, Sharma A, Zahnd WE, Jenkins WD. Evolving disparities in the epidemiology of oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancers. Cancer Causes Control 2017; 28:635-645. [PMID: 28391376 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-017-0889-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Incidence rates of head and neck cancers (HNC) associated with human papillomavirus (HPVa) infection are increasing while non-HPV-associated (non-HPVa) HNC cancer rates are decreasing. As nearly all sexually active individuals will acquire an HPV infection, it is important to understand epidemiologic trends of HNCs associated with this sexually transmitted disease. We analyzed SEER 9 (1973-2012) and 18 data (2000-2012) for HPVa HNCs (oropharynx area; OP) and non-HPVa (oral cavity area; OC). Incidence rates were examined by gender, race, rurality, geographic location, and time. Joinpoint regression analyses assessed temporal variations. From 1973 to 2012, OC incidence decreased while OP increased, with changes largely driven by males (whose OP rate increased 106.2% vs female decrease of 10.3%). Males consistently had higher rates of both cancer groups across each registry except Alaska, OP rates among blacks changed from significantly above whites to below, and trend analysis indicated significant differences in rates over time by gender, race, and geography. Analysis of SEER 18 found that rates discordantly varied by group and gender across the 18 registries, as did the male/female rate ratio with overall means of 4.7 for OP versus 1.7 for OC (only Alaska and Georgia having overlapping ranges). Our findings indicate that much of the HPVa rate increases were driven by rate increases among males and that there were changing differences in risk between genders, race, and geographic location. The epidemiology of HNCs is complex, with locally relevant factors requiring further research for elucidation of demographic disparities in incidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pardis Javadi
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, USA
| | - Arun Sharma
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, USA
| | - Whitney E Zahnd
- Population Health Science Program, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, 201 E. Madison St., Springfield, IL, 62794-9664, USA
| | - Wiley D Jenkins
- Population Health Science Program, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, 201 E. Madison St., Springfield, IL, 62794-9664, USA.
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Trigo-Daporta M, García-Campello M, Pérez-Ríos M, Santiago-Pérez MI, Fernandez-Rodriguez E, Guinarte G, Troncoso A, Pardavila R, Malvar A. High-risk human papillomavirus in Galicia, Spain: prevalence and evaluation of the sample representativeness. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 46:737-44. [PMID: 25189272 DOI: 10.3109/00365548.2014.930966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of high-risk genotypes of the human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) in Galicia remained unknown before the introduction of the HPV vaccine. The objective of this study was to estimate this prevalence in non-vaccinated women when vaccination against HR-HPV started. Sample representativeness was also evaluated. METHODS Female volunteers aged 16-64 years, residents in Galicia, Spain, completed a questionnaire and provided biological samples for a virological study and for cytology. The sample was weighted; prevalence rates were estimated and are shown with 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS Virological results were available for 1703 women. HR-HPV prevalence was 10.1%, decreasing notably at ages above 30 years. HPV-16 was the most frequent genotype and 3.6% of women were infected by more than one genotype. No adjustment was necessary to generalize the results of the study. CONCLUSIONS In Galicia in 2009 there would be 96 400 women aged 16-64 years infected with HR-HPV. It is possible to estimate HR-HPV prevalence in a population starting from a volunteer sample.
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Prevalence of HPV 16 and HPV 18 lineages in Galicia, Spain. PLoS One 2014; 9:e104678. [PMID: 25111834 PMCID: PMC4128731 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic variants of human papillomavirus types 16 and 18 (HPV16/18) could differ in their cancer risk. We studied the prevalence and association with high-grade cervical lesions of different HPV16/18 variant lineages in a case-control study including 217 cases (cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or grade 3 or worse: CIN2 or CIN3+) and 116 controls (no CIN2 or CIN3+ in two-year follow-up). HPV lineages were determined by sequencing the long control region (LCR) and the E6 gene. Phylogenetic analysis of HPV16 confirmed that isolates clustered into previously described lineages: A (260, 87.5%), B (4, 1.3%), C (8, 2.7%), and D (25, 8.4%). Lineage D/lineage A strains were, respectively, detected in 4/82 control patients, 19/126 CIN3+ cases (OR = 3.1, 95%CI: 1.0–12.9, p = 0.04), 6/1 glandular high-grade lesions (OR = 123, 95%CI: 9.7–5713.6, p<0.0001), and 4/5 invasive lesions (OR = 16.4, 95%CI: 2.2–113.7, p = 0.002). HPV18 clustered in lineages A (32, 88.9%) and B (4, 11.1%). Lineage B/lineage A strains were respectively detected in 1/23 control patients and 2/5 CIN3+ cases (OR = 9.2, 95%CI: 0.4–565.4, p = 0.12). In conclusion, lineages A of HPV16/18 were predominant in Spain. Lineage D of HPV16 was associated with increased risk for CIN3+, glandular high-grade lesions, and invasive lesions compared with lineage A. Lineage B of HPV18 may be associated with increased risk for CIN3+ compared with lineage A, but the association was not significant. Large well-designed studies are needed before the application of HPV lineage detection in clinical settings.
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Soohoo M, Blas M, Byraiah G, Carcamo C, Brown B. Cervical HPV Infection in Female Sex Workers: A Global Perspective. Open AIDS J 2013; 7:58-66. [PMID: 24511334 PMCID: PMC3915319 DOI: 10.2174/1874613601307010058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2013] [Revised: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Approximately 291 million women worldwide are HPV DNA carriers. Studies have indicated
that having multiple sexual partners may lead to higher HPV transmission. Thus female sex workers (FSWs) may be at
greater risk of infection compared to the general population. Herein we review publications with data on FSW cervical
HPV test results. We also examine variations of HPV prevalence and risk behaviors by region. Knowledge of prevalent
HPV types in FSWs may lead to improved prevention measures and assist in understanding vaccination in high-risk
groups. Methods: We conducted a review of the literature by searching PUBMED using the terms “prostitution” or “female sex
workers”, “human papillomavirus” or “HPV”, and “prevalence” or “PCR” to find articles. We excluded studies without
HPV testing or HPV type specific results, or unconventional HPV testing. Results: A total of 35 peer-reviewed publications were included in our review. High risk HPV types 16 and 18 ranged
from 1.1-38.9‰ in prevalence. In addition to high-risk HPV types, newer studies reported non-carcinogenic HPV types
also of high prevalence. The most prevalent HPV types reported among FSWs included HPV 6 (11.5%), 16 (38.9%), 18
(23.1%), 31 (28.4%), 52 (32.7%), and 58 (26.0%). Conclusions: Female sex workers have an overall high prevalence of HPV infection of high-risk types as evident through
various testing methods. FSWs are thought to be at increased risk of cervical cancer because of high HPV exposure. This
highlights the need for HPV and cervical prevention campaigns tailored to FSWs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Soohoo
- Program in Public Health, University of California, Irvine, USA
| | - Magaly Blas
- Unit of Epidemiology, HIV and STD, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Perú
| | - Gita Byraiah
- Cooper Medical School, Rowan University, New Jersey, USA
| | - Cesar Carcamo
- Unit of Epidemiology, HIV and STD, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Perú
| | - Brandon Brown
- Program in Public Health, University of California, Irvine, USA
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Marek E, Dergez T, D'cruz G, Bozsa S, Cseh A, Szilard I, Benczik M, Kiss I, Varszegi D, Vilagi S, Ember I, Gocze P. Human papillomavirus infections among Hungarian female sex workers. Eur J Cancer Care (Engl) 2013; 23:65-75. [PMID: 23957436 DOI: 10.1111/ecc.12110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to assess the human papillomavirus (HPV) prevalence in cervical, oropharyngeal and anal samples of the high-risk population of Hungarian female sex workers (FSWs). HPV testing of swab specimens from FSWs (n = 34) using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methodology was performed. Results were compared with control group (n = 52) matched for age. Questionnaires were used to obtain data regarding participants' sexual behaviour. Data were analysed using SPSS. HPV DNA was detected in at least one location in a great majority of FSWs (82.4%), compared with 46.2% of the general female population (P < 0.05). Both the cervical and the anal samples of sex workers showed higher infection rates than those of controls (64.7% vs. 34.6% and 50.0% vs. 15.4%, respectively, P < 0.05). High-risk HPV prevalence was also significantly higher in sex workers (55.9% vs. 25.0%, P < 0.05). A significantly higher proportion of FSWs had a history of genital warts (26.5% vs. 3.8%, P < 0.05). The results suggest that condom use may not result in adequate protection from HPV infection. The high infection rates among FSWs should be viewed as a priority group for HPV and cervical cancer prevention programmes since they are sources of HPV infection for the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Marek
- Medical School, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
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Colevas AD. Population-based evaluation of incidence trends in oropharyngeal cancer focusing on socioeconomic status, sex, and race/ethnicity. Head Neck 2013; 36:34-42. [PMID: 23633438 DOI: 10.1002/hed.23253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The influences of socioeconomic status (SES) on the incidence rates of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) are unclear. METHODS Data from the California Cancer Registry and U.S. Census were used to compare incidence rates and trends of OPSCC and other human papillomavirus-related and -unrelated cancer sites by neighborhood SES, race/ethnicity, and sex. RESULTS The incidence of OPSCC rose in both higher and lower SES neighborhoods. Absolute rates were greater in the latter. Only non-Hispanic white males with OPSCC demonstrated a significant increase in the incidence rate of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN). The incidence rate for this group increased from 4.5/100,000 person-years between 1988 and 1992 to 7.1 between 2003 and 2009. Regression analysis demonstrated an annual percentage change of 1% from 1988 to 1997 and 4% thereafter. CONCLUSIONS Increases in incidence rates are SES independent. Incidence rates are higher in lower-SES groups. The rise in OPSCC incidence is limited to non-Hispanic white males.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Dimitrios Colevas
- Stanford Division of Medical Oncology, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, California
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McDonald AC, Denny L, Wang C, Tsai WY, Wright TC, Kuhn L. Distribution of high-risk human papillomavirus genotypes among HIV-negative women with and without cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in South Africa. PLoS One 2012; 7:e44332. [PMID: 22970201 PMCID: PMC3435398 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0044332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2012] [Accepted: 08/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Large studies describing the profile of high-risk Human papillomavirus (hrHPV) genotypes among women in sub-Saharan Africa are lacking. Here we describe the prevalence and distribution of hrHPV genotypes among HIV-negative women in South Africa, with and without cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). METHODS We report data on 8,050 HIV-negative women, aged 17-65 years, recruited into three sequential studies undertaken in Cape Town, South Africa. Women had no history of previous cervical cancer screening. Cervical samples were tested for hrHPV DNA using the Hybrid Capture 2 (HC2) assay and all positive samples were genotyped using a PCR-based assay (Line Blot). Women underwent colposcopy and biopsy/endocervical curettage to determine CIN status. The prevalence and distribution of specific hrHPV genotypes were examined by age and CIN status. RESULTS Overall, 20.7% (95% CI, 19.9-21.6%) of women were hrHPV-positive by HC2, with women with CIN having the highest rates of positivity. Prevalence decreased with increasing age among women without CIN; but, a bimodal age curve was observed among women with CIN. HPV 16 and 35 were the most common hrHPV genotypes in all age and CIN groups. HPV 45 became more frequent among older women with CIN grade 2 or 3 (CIN2,3). Younger women (17-29 years) had more multiple hrHPV genotypes overall and in each cervical disease group than older women (40-65 years). CONCLUSION HPV 16, 35, and 45 were the leading contributors to CIN 2,3. The current HPV vaccines could significantly reduce HPV-related cervical disease; however, next generation vaccines that include HPV 35 and 45 would further reduce cervical disease in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia C McDonald
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
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Brown B, Blas MM, Cabral A, Byraiah G, Guerra-Giraldez C, Sarabia-Vega V, Carcamo C, Gravitt PE, Halsey NA. Human papillomavirus prevalence, cervical abnormalities and risk factors among female sex workers in Lima, Peru. Int J STD AIDS 2012; 23:242-7. [PMID: 22581946 DOI: 10.1258/ijsa.2011.011193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Female sex workers (FSWs) are at high risk of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Questionnaires were administered to 200 FSWs aged 18-26 years in Lima, Peru, to gather risk behaviours, and cervical swab samples were collected for Pap smears and HPV DNA testing as part of a longitudinal study. Participants reported a median of 120 clients in the past month, and 99.2% reported using condoms with clients. The prevalence of any HPV in cervical samples was 66.8%; 34 (17.1%) participants had prevalent HPV 16 or 18, and 92 (46.2%) had one or more oncogenic types. Fifteen women had abnormal Pap smears, 13 of which were HPV DNA positive. Fewer years since first sex was associated with oncogenic HPV prevalence in a model adjusted for previous sexually transmitted infection (STI) status and condom use with partners (prevalence ratio = 0.77, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.60-0.97). Our data confirm the high rates of HPV transmission among FSWs in Peru, highlighting the need for early and effective strategies to prevent cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Brown
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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Sabol I, Matovina M, Si-Mohamed A, Grce M. Characterization and whole genome analysis of human papillomavirus type 16 e1-1374^63nt variants. PLoS One 2012; 7:e41045. [PMID: 22911739 PMCID: PMC3404080 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0041045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2011] [Accepted: 06/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The variation of the most common Human papillomavirus (HPV) type found in cervical cancer, the HPV16, has been extensively investigated in almost all viral genes. The E1 gene variation, however, has been rarely studied. The main objective of the present investigation was to analyze the variability of the E6 and E1 genes, focusing on the recently identified E1-1374^63nt variant. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Variation within the E6 of 786 HPV16 positive cervical samples was analyzed using high-resolution melting, while the E1-1374^63nt duplication was assayed by PCR. Both techniques were supplemented with sequencing. The E1-1374^63nt duplication was linked with the E-G350 and the E-C109/G350 variants. In comparison to the referent HPV16, the E1-1374^63nt E-G350 variant was significantly associated with lower grade cervical lesions (p = 0.029), while the E1-1374^63nt E-C109/G350 variant was equally distributed between high and low grade lesions. The E1-1374^63nt variants were phylogenetically closest to E-G350 variant lineage (A2 sub-lineage based on full genome classification). The major differences between E1-1374^63nt variants were within the LCR and the E6 region. On the other hand, changes within the E1 region were the major differences from the A2 sub-lineage, which has been historically but inconclusively associated with high grade cervical disease. Thus, the shared variations cannot explain the particular association of the E1-1374^63nt variant with lower grade cervical lesions. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE The E1 region has been thus far considered to be well conserved among all HPVs and therefore uninteresting for variability studies. However, this study shows that the variations within the E1 region could possibly affect cervical disease, since the E1-1374^63nt E-G350 variant is significantly associated with lower grade cervical lesions, in comparison to the A1 and A2 sub-lineage variants. Furthermore, it appears that the silent variation 109T>C of the E-C109/G350 variant might have a significant role in the viral life cycle and warrants further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Sabol
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mihaela Matovina
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Ali Si-Mohamed
- Laboratoire de Virologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
| | - Magdalena Grce
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
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Delgado D, Marín JM, de Diego J, Guerra S, González B, Barrios JL, Canut A. Human papillomavirus (HPV) genotype distribution in women with abnormal cervical cytology in the Basque Country, Spain. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin 2012; 30:230-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eimc.2011.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2011] [Revised: 10/26/2011] [Accepted: 10/27/2011] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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15
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Munson E, Du Chateau BK, Bellerose B, Czarnecka J, Griep J. Clinical laboratory evaluation of Invader® chemistry and hybrid capture for detection of high-risk human papillomavirus in liquid-based cytology specimens. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2011; 71:230-5. [PMID: 21899977 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2011.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2011] [Revised: 07/01/2011] [Accepted: 07/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A laboratory-developed test for high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) that utilizes the Invader technology (Hologic, Madison, WI, USA) was compared to hybrid capture (Digene, Gaithersburg, MD, USA). A total of 342 ThinPrep specimens were de-identified following cytology screening (10 high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions, 14 low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions, 199 atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance, 119 normal). DNA was manually extracted prior to interrogation with Invader. Hybrid capture/Invader discrepancies were subject to HPV sequencing. One sample (0.3%) was indeterminate by Invader due to low genomic DNA content. Concordance of 341 available tandem hybrid capture/Invader results occurred at a rate of 91.5%. Differences in HPV detection rate between the 2 assays were not statistically significant (P = 0.17). A propensity for false-positive hybrid capture result was confirmed by HPV sequencing in 83% of instances. Manual DNA extraction efficacy did not statistically differ between cytologic classifications (P ≥ 0.19). Invader detection of high-risk HPV is comparably sensitive and more specific than hybrid capture, providing an alternative for molecular HPV detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Munson
- Wheaton Franciscan Laboratory, Wauwatosa, WI 53226, USA
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16
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Gheit T, Cornet I, Clifford GM, Iftner T, Munk C, Tommasino M, Kjaer SK. Risks for persistence and progression by human papillomavirus type 16 variant lineages among a population-based sample of Danish women. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2011; 20:1315-21. [PMID: 21527576 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-10-1187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about factors determining HPV16 persistence and progression, but several studies have suggested that genetic variants may play a role. METHODS HPV16-positive women with normal cytology in a large Danish cohort were reassessed for HPV16 status at 2 years and followed-up for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 3 or worse (CIN3+) over 11 years through linkage with a national pathology database. Relative risks for clearance, persistence, and progression were compared with different HPV16 variant lineages based upon E6 gene sequencing. RESULTS Sixty-two (23.7%) of 261 HPV16 infections were persistent at 2 years, and 32 (51.6%) persistent infections progressed to CIN3+. The majority of baseline infections belonged to the European lineage (97.3%), with EUR-350T and EUR-350G accounting for 61.3% and 36.0% of infections, respectively. At two years, the proportion of HPV16 infections that persisted was significantly higher for EUR-350T (28.2%) than EUR-350G (15.9%) variants (odds ratio = 2.06, 95% CI, 1.04-4.25). This increased risk for persistence was consistent both in the absence (OR = 2.16, 95% CI, 0.84-6.26) or presence (OR = 1.89, 95% CI, 0.76-5.15) of progression to CIN3+. Among persistent HPV16 infections, there was no significant difference in risk of progression to CIN3+ between EUR-350T and EUR-350G sub-lineages, which were both associated with a substantial absolute risk (>50%) of CIN3+. CONCLUSIONS Significant differences in risk for persistence exist between the HPV16 variants that predominate in Europe. IMPACT Understanding the genetic basis of HPV16 persistence and carcinogenicity may help unravel important interactions between HPV16 and the host immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarik Gheit
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
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17
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Kroupis C, Vourlidis N. Human papilloma virus (HPV) molecular diagnostics. Clin Chem Lab Med 2011; 49:1783-99. [DOI: 10.1515/cclm.2011.685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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18
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Huertas-Salgado A, Martín-Gámez DC, Moreno P, Murillo R, Bravo MM, Villa L, Molano M. E6 molecular variants of human papillomavirus (HPV) type 16: an updated and unified criterion for clustering and nomenclature. Virology 2010; 410:201-15. [PMID: 21130481 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2010.10.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2010] [Revised: 08/18/2010] [Accepted: 10/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Reports on taxonomic identification of E6/HPV 16 variants, don't have a worldwide, updated and unified criterion for clustering and nomenclature. Our aim was to update the existing criterion and propose a new one for clustering and nomenclature for E6/HPV 16 molecular variants based on the descriptive and comparative analyses of nucleotide sequences. A systematic search of the publications between 1991 and 2010 was carried out in PUBMED and manually. 240 E6/HPV 16 variants were identified. 157 were classified as European (E), 24 as Asian (As), 14 as Asian American (AA), 11 as North American 1 (NA 1), 19 as African 1 (Af 1) and 15 as African 2 (Af 2). Three classes were determined for the E, 3 each for the As, Af 2 and AA branches, 4 classes for the NA 1 and 6 for the Af 1 branch. This study reports our results and proposes an updated criterion for clustering and nomenclature that will be useful for E6 variant identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Huertas-Salgado
- Grupo investigación en Biología del Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Calle 1 # 9 - 85, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
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19
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Martorell M, García-García JA, Ortiz C, Pérez-Vallés A, Calabuig C, Gómez-Cabrero D, Escolano M, Montesinos M. Prevalence and distribution of human papillomavirus findings in swab specimens from gynaecology clinics of the east coast of Spain. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 42:549-53. [PMID: 20210514 DOI: 10.3109/00365541003602056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) among females in the east coast of Spain. A total of 1956 women visiting gynaecology clinics for routine check-ups were included in the study. Swabs were analyzed for HPV DNA by consensus polymerase chain reaction followed by direct sequencing. The overall HPV prevalence was 12.99%. HPV vaccine types 6, 11, 16 and 18 were detected in 6.13% of female participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Martorell
- Department of Pathology, Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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20
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del Amo J, González C, Belda J, Fernández E, Martínez R, Gómez I, Torres M, Saiz AG, Ortiz M. Prevalence and risk factors of high-risk human papillomavirus in female sex workers in Spain: differences by geographical origin. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2010; 18:2057-64. [PMID: 20044870 DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2008.1293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the influence of socioeconomic variables, lifestyles, and sexual behaviors on the prevalence of high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) infection in female sex worker (FSW) according to their geographic origin in Alicante, Spain. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study of 549 FSW attending an AIDS information and prevention center from May 2003 to December 2004. Face-to-face interviews were carried out. HR-HPV was determined through Digene HR-HPV Test. Hybrid Capture II-positive samples (Digene Corp., Gaithersburg, MD) for PCR were directly sequenced. Data were analyzed using multiple logistic regression. RESULTS HR-HPV prevalence was 28% in Spaniards, 32% in Latin Americans, 32% in Eastern Europeans, 16% in sub-Saharan Africans, and 65% in North Africans (p=0.04). Lower HR-HPV prevalence was associated with higher age, higher education, and higher body mass index (BMI) (p values for trend<0.05). In multivariate analyses, the effects of geographical origin, age, and education were maintained, together with time in sex work; women engaged for >1 year had a lower HR-HPV prevalence (OR 0.57, 95% CI 0.36-0.91) compared with those engaged <1 year. HR-HPV-16 was the most common type (n=23, 24%), followed by HR-HPV-18 and HR-HPV-31, (n=11, 11%), respectively. CONCLUSIONS HR-HPV prevalence is very high in FSW and varies by geographic origin. Women of younger age and lower education level and those engaged in sex work for <1 year showed the highest prevalence, making them a priority group for cervical cancer prevention programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia del Amo
- National Center of Epidemiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
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21
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Zuna RE, Moore WE, Shanesmith RP, Dunn ST, Wang SS, Schiffman M, Blakey GL, Teel T. Association of HPV16 E6 variants with diagnostic severity in cervical cytology samples of 354 women in a US population. Int J Cancer 2009; 125:2609-13. [PMID: 19569178 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.24706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
It has been suggested that DNA sequence variants of HPV16 contribute to differences in the behavior of individual cervical lesions. To address this question, we have analyzed the association of HPV16 variants with diagnostic severity in 354 HPV16-positive Oklahoman women. HPV16 variant status was determined by PCR amplification and DNA sequencing of the E6 open reading frame. European sequences were identified in 86% of samples and 14% were non-European. Of the 51 non-European cases, 61% were Asian-American, 23% African and 16% were Native American variants. European prototype and related variants were present in comparable numbers (43% each) but the relative proportion of each differed with diagnostic category. In general, the proportion of European variants and non-European variants increased with diagnostic severity while the European prototype decreased. When adjusted for age and race (white, black or Hispanic), the increased risk for carcinoma/severe dysplasia for non-European variants was statistically significant with an odds ratio of 3.8 (1.3-10.7). However, the analogous comparison for the European variants, although also showing increased association with carcinoma/severe dysplasia, did not reach statistical significance (OR = 1.6 (95% CI 0.7-3.6). Overall, HPV16 European sequences (both prototype and related variants), were predominant in Oklahoman women including those with cancers. This suggests that while there appear to be differences among the HPV16-variant categories in risk for progression to invasive cancer, all variant categories are associated with the development of invasive cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosemary E Zuna
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK
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22
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Cobo F, Concha A, Ortiz M. Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Type Distribution in Females with Abnormal Cervical Cytology. A Correlation with Histological Study. Open Virol J 2009; 3:60-6. [PMID: 19750125 PMCID: PMC2741607 DOI: 10.2174/1874357900903010060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2009] [Revised: 07/27/2009] [Accepted: 08/03/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine human papillomavirus (HPV) types distribution in cervical preneoplasic lesions in a Southern Spanish population and their relationship between HPV type and grade of histopathological abnormality. Finally, 232 cervical samples from 135 women with previous cytological abnormalities were included in this study. Colposcopy studies and biopsies were performed. Haematoxylin-eosin stained slides were observed and detection of HPV DNA in cervical swabs was carried out with use of a polymerase chain reaction and microarrays technology. The relationship between the presence of HPV infection and diagnostic variables was evaluated. HPV 16 was the most common type followed by HPV 58, 51, 33 and 31. However, the two HPV types targeted in the prophylactic vaccines such as HPV type 16 and 18 were detected in only 37 (21.2%) and 2 (1.1%) cases respectively. Thirty-three (18.9%) of samples were infected with multiple types, the majority of them with two types. In addition, during the follow-up of patients many changes in type distribution were observed. Several studies will be necessary in order to evaluate the HPV type distribution for therapeutically and prophylactic purposes such as vaccine treatment. Also, because of the differences obtained depending of use of various DNA technologies, the performance of some comparative studies of the different methods from detection of HPV would be advisable in a high population of patients and with the most homogeneous conditions possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Cobo
- Infectious Pathology Unit, Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain
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23
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Cento V, Ciccozzi M, Ronga L, Perno CF, Ciotti M. Genetic diversity of human papillomavirus type 16 E6, E7, and L1 genes in Italian women with different grades of cervical lesions. J Med Virol 2009; 81:1627-34. [DOI: 10.1002/jmv.21552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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24
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Conesa-Zamora P, Doménech-Peris A, Orantes-Casado FJ, Ortiz-Reina S, Sahuquillo-Frías L, Acosta-Ortega J, García-Solano J, Pérez-Guillermo M. Effect of human papillomavirus on cell cycle-related proteins p16, Ki-67, Cyclin D1, p53, and ProEx C in precursor lesions of cervical carcinoma: a tissue microarray study. Am J Clin Pathol 2009; 132:378-90. [PMID: 19687314 DOI: 10.1309/ajcpo0wy1vifcydc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In-depth study of cell cycle proteins and human papillomavirus (HPV) genotyping can provide useful information about the malignant potential of precursor lesions of cervical carcinoma (CC). Immunostaining of cell cycle-related proteins (p16, cyclin D1, Ki-67, p53, and ProEx C) was evaluated using tissue microarrays, and HPV genotypes were identified in 144 cervical tissue specimens encompassing normal or benign epithelial lesions, low- and high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL and HSIL, respectively), and CC. In addition, 14 cases with atypical immature metaplasia (AIM) were included to compare their immunohistochemical features with those of well-established precursor lesions. Expression of p16, Ki-67, and ProEx C was most associated with the severity of dysplasia. Positive expression of p16, Ki-67, and ProEx C and negative expression of p53 seem to be related to HPV-16 infection. AIM cases show an immunohistochemical pattern more similar to LSIL than to HSIL. Immunohistochemical assessment of cell cycle proteins may help to distinguish normal and benign conditions of the cervix from precursor lesions of CC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Conesa-Zamora
- Pharmacogenetic and Molecular Pathology Group, Santa María del Rosell University Hospital, Cartagena, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Laura Sahuquillo-Frías
- Clinical Analysis Department, Santa María del Rosell University Hospital, Cartagena, Spain
| | - Jesús Acosta-Ortega
- Pathology Department, Santa María del Rosell University Hospital, Cartagena, Spain
| | - José García-Solano
- Pathology Department, Santa María del Rosell University Hospital, Cartagena, Spain
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25
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Vallès X, Murga GB, Hernández G, Sabidó M, Chuy A, Lloveras B, Alameda F, de San José S, Bosch FX, Pedroza I, Castellsagué X, Casabona J. High prevalence of human papillomavirus infection in the female population of Guatemala. Int J Cancer 2009; 125:1161-7. [PMID: 19415744 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.24444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The potential introduction of the newly licensed HPV-vaccines at affordable prices could play a central role in preventing cervical cancer in middle and low-income countries, where most of the cases occur. In spite of this, basic epidemiological data about HPV and HPV-related lesions are still scarce. To determine the prevalence of cervical abnormalities, HPV prevalence, genotype distribution and related risk factors, we carried out a cross-sectional study in a population from Guatemala that included 297 women from the general population (GP women) and 297 sex workers (SW). All participating women were interviewed and underwent a complete gynecological examination that included collection of cervical cells for cytological diagnosis, HPV DNA detection and typing by PCR methods. Cervical HPV DNA prevalence among GP women and from SW was 38.1% (95% CI: 32.5-43.8) and 67.3% (95% CI: 61.7-72.6), respectively. The prevalence of abnormal cytology among GP women was 7.7% (ASCUS = 1.4%, LSIL = 4.7%, ASC-H = 0.3% and HSIL = 1.4%) and among SW was 21.6% (ASCUS = 7.5%, LSIL = 10.6%, ASC-H = 1.4% and HSIL = 2.1%). The most prevalent HPV types among women with normal cytology were HPVs 51 (n = 30), 66 (n = 25) and 16 (n = 25), and among women with HSIL or ASC-H (n = 14) HPVs 58 (n = 5) and 16 (n = 5). Determinants associated with HPV DNA detection were having had an occasional partner during the last 6 months and smoking habit among GP women, and being a minor among SW. HPV and abnormal cytology prevalence is high among women in Guatemala. The introduction of a HPV vaccination program would prevent an important fraction of HPV-related disease burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Vallès
- Institut Català d'Oncologia, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
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26
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Conesa-Zamora P, Ortiz-Reina S, Moya-Biosca J, Doménech-Peris A, Orantes-Casado FJ, Pérez-Guillermo M, Egea-Cortines M. Genotype distribution of human papillomavirus (HPV) and co-infections in cervical cytologic specimens from two outpatient gynecological clinics in a region of southeast Spain. BMC Infect Dis 2009; 9:124. [PMID: 19664248 PMCID: PMC2731031 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2334-9-124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2009] [Accepted: 08/10/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human Papillomavirus (HPV) genotype distribution and co-infection occurrence was studied in cervical cytologic specimens from Murcia Region, (southeast Spain), to obtain information regarding the possible effect of the ongoing vaccination campaign against HPV16 and HPV18. Methods A total of 458 cytologic specimens were obtained from two outpatient gynecological clinics. These included 288 normal benign (N/B) specimens, 56 atypical squamous cell of undetermined significance (ASC-US), 75 low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL) and 39 high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL). HPV genotyping was performed using PCR and tube array hybridization. Results The most frequent genotype found was HPV16 (14.9% in N/B; 17.9% in ASC-US; 29.3% in LSIL and 33.3% HSIL). Distribution of other genotypes was heavily dependent on the cytologic diagnoses. Co-infections were found in 15.3% of N/B, 10.7% of ASC-US, 48% of LSIL and 25.6% of HSIL cases (significantly different at p < 0.001). Strikingly, in N/B diagnoses, genotypes from A5 species were found as coinfecting in all cases. Genotypes from A7 or A9 species appeared in co-infections in 56.5% and 54% respectively whereas genotypes from A6 species appeared in 25.1% of cases. Conclusion HPV vaccination might prevent 34.6% and 35.8% of LSIL and HSIL, respectively. Co-infection rate is dependent on both cytologic diagnosis and HPV genotype. Moreover, genotypes belonging to A5, A7 and A9 species are more often found as co-infections than genotype pertaining to A6 species. This suggests that phylogenetically related genotypes might have in common similar grades of dependency for cervical epithelium colonization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Conesa-Zamora
- Grupo de Patología Molecular y Farmacogenética FFIS011, Hospital Universitario Santa María del Rosell, Cartagena, Spain.
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27
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Sabol I, Cretnik M, Hadzisejdić I, Si-Mohamed A, Matovina M, Grahovac B, Levanat S, Grce M. A new approach for the evaluation of the human papillomavirus type 16 variability with high resolution melting analysis. J Virol Methods 2009; 162:142-7. [PMID: 19664661 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2009.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2009] [Revised: 07/24/2009] [Accepted: 07/28/2009] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Studies on the variability of human papillomavirus (HPV) type 16 are based mostly on DNA sequencing of the viral oncogenes E6 and E7. In order to simplify variant identification, high resolution melting (HRM) analysis, which has been shown to distinguish amplicons differing in a single nucleotide, was employed. Optimised HRM analysis was applied to 255 anogenital samples positive for HPV 16. The E6/E7 region of the HPV 16 genome was amplified using nested PCR with subsequent melting of the amplicons. Samples giving ambiguous melting profiles were melted again in the presence of reference HPV 16 DNA to define and confirm the novel melting profiles. Out of 219 samples of Croatian origin, 65 reference variants, 119 E6-360G variants and 35 novel melting profiles were found. Samples containing unusual profiles were sequenced for identification. In addition, a subset of samples with two common variants, 23 reference and 34 E6-350G variants, was also sequenced to confirm the findings of high resolution melting. Concordance between the melting analysis and sequencing was 93.9%, while HRM sensitivity and specificity were 92.9% and 94.7%, respectively. This study showed that HRM analysis can be useful for the identification of HPV 16 variants. The HRM method will be useful in low resource settings as it saves considerable time and resources compared to sequencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Sabol
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Bacteriology, Division of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Bijenicka cesta 54, 10002 Zagreb, Croatia
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28
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Miyashita M, Agdamag DM, Sasagawa T, Matsushita K, Salud LM, Salud CO, Saikawa K, Leano PS, Pagcaliwagan T, Acuna J, Ishizaki A, Kageyama S, Ichimura H. High-risk HPV types in lesions of the uterine cervix of female commercial sex workers in the Philippines. J Med Virol 2009; 81:545-51. [DOI: 10.1002/jmv.21416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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29
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HPV infection among women in a representative rural and suburban population of the USA. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2009; 105:210-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijgo.2009.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2008] [Revised: 12/17/2008] [Accepted: 01/13/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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30
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Lee K, Magalhaes I, Clavel C, Briolat J, Birembaut P, Tommasino M, Zehbe I. Human papillomavirus 16 E6, L1, L2 and E2 gene variants in cervical lesion progression. Virus Res 2008; 131:106-10. [PMID: 17869365 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2007.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2007] [Revised: 08/03/2007] [Accepted: 08/06/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The human papillomavirus (HPV) 16 E6 genome variant 350G has been found to be more prevalent in women with persistent infection and cervical disease progression than the HPV16 E6 prototype 350T. In this study, we examined whether women who progressed to a high-grade lesion, yet were infected with the prototype 350T, showed variants in other HPV genes such as L1, L2 and E2. Although we detected variants within these genes, they could not explain this phenomenon. Indeed they correlated similarly with variant 350G and prototype 350T. These data indicate that polymorphisms in HPV16 E6 rather than in the other analyzed genes play a role in determining the risk for cervical lesion progression and that additional factors are likely to be required as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Lee
- Regional Cancer Care, Thunder Bay Regional Health Sciences Centre, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
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31
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Lee SH, Vigliotti VS, Vigliotti JS, Pappu S. Routine human papillomavirus genotyping by DNA sequencing in community hospital laboratories. Infect Agent Cancer 2007; 2:11. [PMID: 17550589 PMCID: PMC1894957 DOI: 10.1186/1750-9378-2-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2007] [Accepted: 06/05/2007] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human papillomavirus (HPV) genotyping is important for following up patients with persistent HPV infection and for evaluation of prevention strategy for the individual patients to be immunized with type-specific HPV vaccines. The aim of this study was to optimize a robust "low-temperature" (LoTemp™) PCR system to streamline the research protocols for HPV DNA nested PCR-amplification followed by genotyping with direct DNA sequencing. The protocol optimization facilitates transferring this molecular technology into clinical laboratory practice. In particular, lowering the temperature by 10°C at each step of thermocycling during in vitro DNA amplification yields more homogeneous PCR products. With this protocol, template purification before enzymatic cycle primer extensions is no longer necessary. Results The HPV genomic DNA extracted from liquid-based alcohol-preserved cervicovaginal cells was first amplified by the consensus MY09/MY11 primer pair followed by nested PCR with GP5+/GP6+ primers. The 150 bp nested PCR products were subjected to direct DNA sequencing. The hypervariable 34–50 bp DNA sequence downstream of the GP5+ primer site was compared to the known HPV DNA sequences stored in the GenBank using on-line BLAST for genotyping. The LoTemp™ ready-to-use PCR polymerase reagents proved to be stable at room temperature for at least 6 weeks. Nested PCR detected 107 isolates of HPV in 513 cervicovaginal clinical samples, all validated by DNA sequencing. HPV-16 was the most prevalent genotype constituting 29 of 107 positive cases (27.2%), followed by HPV-56 (8.5%). For comparison, Digene HC2 test detected 62.6% of the 107 HPV isolates and returned 11 (37.9%) of the 29 HPV-16 positive cases as "positive for high-risk HPV". Conclusion The LoTemp™ ready-to-use PCR polymerase system which allows thermocycling at 85°C for denaturing, 40°C for annealing and 65°C for primer extension can be adapted for target HPV DNA amplification by nested PCR and for preparation of clinical materials for genotyping by direct DNA sequencing. HPV genotyping is performed by on-line BLAST algorithm of a hypervariable L1 region. The DNA sequence is included in each report to the physician for comparison in following up patients with persistent HPV infection, a recognized tumor promoter in cancer induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sin Hang Lee
- Department of Pathology, Milford Hospital, Milford, Connecticut, USA
| | | | | | - Suri Pappu
- Department of Pathology, Milford Hospital, Milford, Connecticut, USA
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