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Qin H, Luo J, Zhao N, Lou W, Chen P, Wang H, Pan Z, Xiong X. Xuanfei Formula inhibited RSV infection by normalizing the SREBP2-mediated cholesterol synthesis process. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1387062. [PMID: 38765687 PMCID: PMC11100329 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1387062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and aims Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the major cause of lower respiratory tract infections in children and the elderly, often progressing to pneumonia and severe sequelae. However, there are currently no feasible and cost-effective interventions with proven efficacy for children, making medications with anti-RSV activity urgently needed. Traditional Chinese medicine has shown promising therapeutic efficacy in alleviating viral infection symptoms. Therefore, we aimed to develop effective strategies for RSV treatment based on traditional Chinese medicine. Methods and results The infection status was assessed in BALB/c mice with or without Xuanfei Formula (XFF) treatment over a one-week period using H&E staining, cytokine assays and RSV titer testing after RSV challenge. Remarkably, on the first day of XFF intervention, both the pro-inflammation cytokine levels in the serum and RSV-N gene copies in the lung of mice were plummeted, compared to the RSV-infected group. This implied that XFF might possess the immune-independent anti-RSV capability. To elucidate the underlying mechanism, we employed transcriptome analysis followed by k-means analysis. The reversal effects of XFF against RSV primarily focused on the processes of innate and adaptive immunity. Additionally, we found that XFF administration corrected the disordered fatty acid and cholesterol metabolism processes during RSV infection. Lipidomics profiling indicated consistent cholesterol abundance with transcriptional changes but not fatty acids. Cholesterol synthesis-related genes mRNA levels and cholesterol synthesis intermediates detection supported XFF's repression upon cholesterol biosynthesis. Aberrantly increased cholesterol production has been reported as necessary for RSV infection. To mimic that, we observed lovastatin treatment inhibited RSV replication and pro-inflammation cytokine expression in vitro. Transcription factor prediction of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) involved in cholesterol synthesis implicated SREBP2. Through network pharmacology, stigmasterol and β-sitosterol were identified as the effective active ingredients within the XFF, with the help of further molecular docking and mass spectrum detection. In vitro experiments demonstrated β-sitosterol and stigmasterol reinforced the bonding between SREBP cleavage-activation protein (SCAP) and insulin-induced gene proteins (INSIGs) to inhibit SREBP2 cleavage maturation and consequent RSV infection. Conclusion Xuanfei Formula (XFF) exhibits excellent anti-RSV efficacy by inhibiting SREBP2-mediated cholesterol synthesis to reduce RSV replication and ameliorate inflammation in the lung of infected mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Qin
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Wuhan Children’s Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jin Luo
- Institute of Maternal and Child Health, Wuhan Children’s Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Nan Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wange Lou
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Peng Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Wuhan Children’s Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Huihao Wang
- Information Department, Wuhan Children’s Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zishu Pan
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoli Xiong
- Clinical Laboratory, Wuhan Children’s Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Abduh MS, Saghir SAM, Al-Gabri NA, Ahmeda AF, Abdelkarim M, Aldaqal SM, Alshawsh MA. Interleukin-35 and Thymoquinone nanoparticle-based intervention for liver protection against paracetamol-induced liver injury in rats. Saudi J Biol Sci 2023; 30:103806. [PMID: 37766887 PMCID: PMC10519855 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2023.103806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Paracetamol (PAR) is a commonly used antipyretic and analgesic agent, but its excessive usage can induce liver damage and major health consequences. Interleukin-35 (IL-35) is utilized to treat immunological disorders, intestinal illness, arthritis, allergic disease, hepatitis, and cancer. Thymoquinone (THYO) is also effective against a wide range of disorders. Consequently, this study sought out to explore the ameliorative effects of IL-35 and THYO against PAR-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Sixty male rats were separated into six groups (10 rats/group): I control (0.5 mL NaCl, 0.9%/rat via oral gavage); II (IL-35), and III (TYHO) received intraperitoneal (i.p) injection of IL-35 (200 ng/kg) or THYO (0.5 mg/kg), respectively. Group IV (PAR) received 600 mg/kg of PAR orally; V (PAR + IL-35) and VI (PAR + TYHO); rats received 600 mg/kg of PAR orally and i.p injection of IL-35 (200 ng/kg) or THYO (0.5 mg/kg), respectively. Administration of IL-35 or THYO markedly mitigated the increasing in the levels of liver parameters triggered by PAR and noticeable enhancement of antioxidant and immunological markers were observed. Additionally, IL-35 or THYO decreased TNF-α, NF-κB, IL-10, IL-6 and IFN-γ in contrast to the PAR control group. Moreover, levels of Capase-3, and cytochrome C were significantly reduced by THYO or IL35, while, levels of Bcl-2 were markedly increased. Furthermore, significant downregulation of IL1-β, TNF-α, TGF-β, and Caspas-3 genes, as well as significant upregulation of Bcl-2 and IL-10 expression were detected. In conclusion, IL-35 and THYO insulated liver from PAR toxicity by mitigating oxidative stress, tissue damage, inflammation, and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maisa Siddiq Abduh
- Immune Responses in Different Diseases Research Group, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sultan Ayesh Mohammed Saghir
- Department of Medical Analysis, Princess Aisha Bint Al-Hussein College of Nursing and Medical Sciences, Al-Hussein Bin Talal University, Ma’an 71111, Jordan
| | - Naif Ahmed Al-Gabri
- Laboratory of Salam Veterinary Group, Burydha 51911, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Thamar University, Thamar 124401, Yemen
| | - Ahmad Faheem Ahmeda
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Ajman University, Ajman 346, United Arab Emirates
- Center of Medical and Bio-allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman 346, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mouaadh Abdelkarim
- College of General Education, University of Doha for Science and Technology, Jelaiah Street, Duhail North, 24449 Doha, Qatar
| | - Saleh Mohammad Aldaqal
- Immune Responses in Different Diseases Research Group, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Abdullah Alshawsh
- School of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, 246 Clayton Road, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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3
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Yang J, Li B, Yang D, Wu J, Yang A, Wang W, Lin F, Wan X, Li Y, Chen Z, Lv S, Pang D, Liao W, Meng S, Lu J, Guo J, Wang Z, Shen S. The immunogenicity of Alum+CpG adjuvant SARS-CoV-2 inactivated vaccine in mice. Vaccine 2023; 41:6064-6071. [PMID: 37640568 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.08.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
The ongoing evolution and emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants have raised concerns regarding the efficacy of existing vaccines and therapeutic agents. This study aimed to investigate the immunogenicity of an aluminum hydroxide (Alum) and CpG adjuvanted inactivated vaccine (IAV) candidate against SARS-CoV-2 in mice. A comparison was made between the immune response of mice vaccinated with the Alum+CpG adjuvant IAV and those vaccinated with the Alum adjuvant IAV. Mice immunized with Alum+CpG adjuvant IAV demonstrated high antibody titers and a durable humoral immune response, as well as a Th1-type cellular immune response. Notably, compared to Alum alone vaccine, the Alum+CpG adjuvant IAV induced significantly higher proportions of GC B cells in the splenocytes of immunized mice. Importantly, the changes in inflammatory cytokine levels in the sera of mice vaccinated with the Alum+CpG adjuvant IAV followed a similar trend to that of the Alum adjuvant IAV, which had been proven safe in clinical trials. Overall, our results demonstrate that Alum+CpG adjuvant has the potential to serve as a novel adjuvant, thereby providing valuable insights into the development of vaccine formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yang
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co. Ltd., No. 1 Huangjin Industrial Park Road, Jiangxia District, Wuhan 430200, China; National Engineering Technology Research Center of Combined Vaccines, No. 1 Huangjin Industrial Park Road, Jiangxia District, Wuhan 430200, China
| | - Boran Li
- Hubei Province Medical Products Administration Center for Drug Evaluation, No. 19 Gongzheng Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Dongsheng Yang
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co. Ltd., No. 1 Huangjin Industrial Park Road, Jiangxia District, Wuhan 430200, China; National Engineering Technology Research Center of Combined Vaccines, No. 1 Huangjin Industrial Park Road, Jiangxia District, Wuhan 430200, China
| | - Jie Wu
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co. Ltd., No. 1 Huangjin Industrial Park Road, Jiangxia District, Wuhan 430200, China; National Engineering Technology Research Center of Combined Vaccines, No. 1 Huangjin Industrial Park Road, Jiangxia District, Wuhan 430200, China
| | - Anna Yang
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co. Ltd., No. 1 Huangjin Industrial Park Road, Jiangxia District, Wuhan 430200, China; National Engineering Technology Research Center of Combined Vaccines, No. 1 Huangjin Industrial Park Road, Jiangxia District, Wuhan 430200, China
| | - Wenhui Wang
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co. Ltd., No. 1 Huangjin Industrial Park Road, Jiangxia District, Wuhan 430200, China; National Engineering Technology Research Center of Combined Vaccines, No. 1 Huangjin Industrial Park Road, Jiangxia District, Wuhan 430200, China
| | - Fengjie Lin
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co. Ltd., No. 1 Huangjin Industrial Park Road, Jiangxia District, Wuhan 430200, China; National Engineering Technology Research Center of Combined Vaccines, No. 1 Huangjin Industrial Park Road, Jiangxia District, Wuhan 430200, China
| | - Xin Wan
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co. Ltd., No. 1 Huangjin Industrial Park Road, Jiangxia District, Wuhan 430200, China; National Engineering Technology Research Center of Combined Vaccines, No. 1 Huangjin Industrial Park Road, Jiangxia District, Wuhan 430200, China
| | - YuWei Li
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co. Ltd., No. 1 Huangjin Industrial Park Road, Jiangxia District, Wuhan 430200, China; National Engineering Technology Research Center of Combined Vaccines, No. 1 Huangjin Industrial Park Road, Jiangxia District, Wuhan 430200, China
| | - Zhuo Chen
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co. Ltd., No. 1 Huangjin Industrial Park Road, Jiangxia District, Wuhan 430200, China; National Engineering Technology Research Center of Combined Vaccines, No. 1 Huangjin Industrial Park Road, Jiangxia District, Wuhan 430200, China
| | - Shiyun Lv
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co. Ltd., No. 1 Huangjin Industrial Park Road, Jiangxia District, Wuhan 430200, China; National Engineering Technology Research Center of Combined Vaccines, No. 1 Huangjin Industrial Park Road, Jiangxia District, Wuhan 430200, China
| | - Deqin Pang
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co. Ltd., No. 1 Huangjin Industrial Park Road, Jiangxia District, Wuhan 430200, China; National Engineering Technology Research Center of Combined Vaccines, No. 1 Huangjin Industrial Park Road, Jiangxia District, Wuhan 430200, China
| | - Wenbo Liao
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co. Ltd., No. 1 Huangjin Industrial Park Road, Jiangxia District, Wuhan 430200, China; National Engineering Technology Research Center of Combined Vaccines, No. 1 Huangjin Industrial Park Road, Jiangxia District, Wuhan 430200, China
| | - Shengli Meng
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co. Ltd., No. 1 Huangjin Industrial Park Road, Jiangxia District, Wuhan 430200, China; National Engineering Technology Research Center of Combined Vaccines, No. 1 Huangjin Industrial Park Road, Jiangxia District, Wuhan 430200, China
| | - Jia Lu
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co. Ltd., No. 1 Huangjin Industrial Park Road, Jiangxia District, Wuhan 430200, China; National Engineering Technology Research Center of Combined Vaccines, No. 1 Huangjin Industrial Park Road, Jiangxia District, Wuhan 430200, China
| | - Jing Guo
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co. Ltd., No. 1 Huangjin Industrial Park Road, Jiangxia District, Wuhan 430200, China; National Engineering Technology Research Center of Combined Vaccines, No. 1 Huangjin Industrial Park Road, Jiangxia District, Wuhan 430200, China
| | - Zejun Wang
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co. Ltd., No. 1 Huangjin Industrial Park Road, Jiangxia District, Wuhan 430200, China; National Engineering Technology Research Center of Combined Vaccines, No. 1 Huangjin Industrial Park Road, Jiangxia District, Wuhan 430200, China
| | - Shuo Shen
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co. Ltd., No. 1 Huangjin Industrial Park Road, Jiangxia District, Wuhan 430200, China; National Engineering Technology Research Center of Combined Vaccines, No. 1 Huangjin Industrial Park Road, Jiangxia District, Wuhan 430200, China.
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Luo J, Qin H, Lei L, Lou W, Li R, Pan Z. Virus-like particles containing a prefusion-stabilized F protein induce a balanced immune response and confer protection against respiratory syncytial virus infection in mice. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1054005. [PMID: 36578490 PMCID: PMC9792133 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1054005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a serious respiratory pathogen in infants and young children worldwide. Currently, no licensed RSV vaccines are available. In this study, we explored stable prefusion conformation virus-like particles (Pre-F VLPs) as RSV vaccine candidates. RSV fusion (F) protein mutants were constructed to form stabilized Pre-F or postfusion (Post-F) configurations. VLPs containing Pre-F or Post-F protein were generated using a recombinant baculovirus (rBV)-insect cell expression system. The assembly and immunological properties of Pre-F or Post-F VLPs were investigated. Pre-F and Post-F VLPs contained antigenic sites Ø and I of pre- and postfusion conformations, respectively. Compared with Post-F VLPs, immunization with Pre-F VLPs elicited upregulation of IFN-γ, IL-2 and IL-10 and downregulation of IL-4 and IL-5 cytokine production in mice. A high percentage of CD25+ Foxp3+ cells or a low percentage of IL-17A-producing cells among CD4+ T cells was observed in the lungs of mice vaccinated with Pre-F VLPs. Importantly, immunization with Pre-F VLPs induced a high level of RSV neutralizing antibody and a balanced immune response, which protected mice against RSV infection without evidence of immunopathology. Our results suggested that Pre-F VLPs generated from rBV-insect cells represent promising RSV vaccine candidates.
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Zhao Y, Ma C, Yang J, Zou X, Pan Z. Dynamic Host Immune and Transcriptomic Responses to Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection in a Vaccination-Challenge Mouse Model. Virol Sin 2021; 36:1327-1340. [PMID: 34138405 PMCID: PMC8692543 DOI: 10.1007/s12250-021-00418-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the major cause of lower respiratory tract infections in children. Inactivated RSV vaccine was developed in the late 1960's, but the vaccine-enhanced disease (VED) occurred to vaccinated infants upon subsequent natural RSV infection. The excessive inflammatory immunopathology in the lungs might be involved in the VED, but the underlying mechanisms remain not fully understood. In this study, we utilized UV-inactivated RSV in the prime/boost approach followed by RSV challenge in BALB/c mice to mimic RSV VED. The dynamic virus load, cytokines, histology and transcriptome profiles in lung tissues of mice were investigated from day 1 to day 6 post-infection. Compared to PBS-treated mice, UV-RSV vaccination leads to a Th2 type inflammatory response characterized by enhanced histopathology, reduced Treg cells and increased IL4+CD4 T cells in the lung. Enhanced production of several Th2 type cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, IL-10) and TGF-β, reduction of IL-6 and IL-17 were observed in UV-RSV vaccinated mice. A total of 5582 differentially expressed (DE) genes between PBS-treated or vaccinated mice and naïve mice were identified by RNA-Seq. Eleven conserved high-influential modules (HMs) were recognized, majorly grouped into regulatory networks related to cell cycle and cell metabolism, signal transduction, immune and inflammatory responses. At an early time post-infection, the vaccinated mice showed obvious decreased expression patterns of DE genes in 11 HMs compared to PBS-treated mice. The extracellular matrix (HM5) and immune responses (HM8) revealed tremendous differences in expression and regulation characteristics of transcripts between PBS-treated and vaccinated mice at both early and late time points. The highly connected genes in HM5 and HM8 networks were further validated by RT-qPCR. These findings reveal the relationship between RSV VED and immune responses, which could benefit the development of novel RSV vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Chen Ma
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Jie Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Xiufen Zou
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Zishu Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China.
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6
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Zhao B, Yang J, He B, Li X, Yan H, Liu S, Yang Y, Zhou D, Liu B, Fan X, Zhong M, Zhang E, Zhang F, Zhang Y, Chen YQ, Jiang S, Yan H. A safe and effective mucosal RSV vaccine in mice consisting of RSV phosphoprotein and flagellin variant. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109401. [PMID: 34289371 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a major cause of serious acute lower respiratory tract infection in infants and the elderly. The lack of a licensed RSV vaccine calls for the development of vaccines with other targets and vaccination strategies. Here, we construct a recombinant protein, designated P-KFD1, comprising RSV phosphoprotein (P) and the E.-coli-K12-strain-derived flagellin variant KFD1. Intranasal immunization with P-KFD1 inhibits RSV replication in the upper and lower respiratory tract and protects mice against lung disease without vaccine-enhanced disease (VED). The P-specific CD4+ T cells provoked by P-KFD1 intranasal (i.n.) immunization either reside in or migrate to the respiratory tract and mediate protection against RSV infection. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester (CFSE)-labeled cell transfer further characterize the Th1 and Th17 responses induced by P-KFD1. Finally, we find that anti-viral protection depends on either interferon-γ (IFN-γ) or interleukin-17A (IL-17A). Collectively, P-KFD1 is a promising safe and effective mucosal vaccine candidate for the prevention of RSV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bali Zhao
- Vaccine and Immunology Research Center, Translational Medical Research Institute, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China; Mucosal Immunity Research Group, State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Jingyi Yang
- Vaccine and Immunology Research Center, Translational Medical Research Institute, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China; Mucosal Immunity Research Group, State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Bing He
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Xian Li
- Mucosal Immunity Research Group, State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Hu Yan
- Mucosal Immunity Research Group, State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Shuning Liu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Mucosal Immunity Research Group, State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Dihan Zhou
- Mucosal Immunity Research Group, State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Bowen Liu
- Mucosal Immunity Research Group, State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Xuxu Fan
- Mucosal Immunity Research Group, State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Maohua Zhong
- Mucosal Immunity Research Group, State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; Institute of Infection, Immunology and Tumor Microenvironment, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Medical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Ejuan Zhang
- Mucosal Immunity Research Group, State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; Medical Science Research Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- The Core Facility and Technical Support, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Mucosal Immunity Research Group, State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Yao-Qing Chen
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Shibo Jiang
- Vaccine and Immunology Research Center, Translational Medical Research Institute, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China; Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Huimin Yan
- Vaccine and Immunology Research Center, Translational Medical Research Institute, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China; Mucosal Immunity Research Group, State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China.
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7
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Anderson LJ, Jadhao SJ, Paden CR, Tong S. Functional Features of the Respiratory Syncytial Virus G Protein. Viruses 2021; 13:1214. [PMID: 34372490 PMCID: PMC8310105 DOI: 10.3390/v13071214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a major cause of serious lower respiratory tract infections in children <5 years of age worldwide and repeated infections throughout life leading to serious disease in the elderly and persons with compromised immune, cardiac, and pulmonary systems. The disease burden has made it a high priority for vaccine and antiviral drug development but without success except for immune prophylaxis for certain young infants. Two RSV proteins are associated with protection, F and G, and F is most often pursued for vaccine and antiviral drug development. Several features of the G protein suggest it could also be an important to vaccine or antiviral drug target design. We review features of G that effect biology of infection, the host immune response, and disease associated with infection. Though it is not clear how to fit these together into an integrated picture, it is clear that G mediates cell surface binding and facilitates cellular infection, modulates host responses that affect both immunity and disease, and its CX3C aa motif contributes to many of these effects. These features of G and the ability to block the effects with antibody, suggest G has substantial potential in vaccine and antiviral drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larry J. Anderson
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA;
| | - Samadhan J. Jadhao
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA;
| | - Clinton R. Paden
- Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (C.R.P.); (S.T.)
| | - Suxiang Tong
- Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (C.R.P.); (S.T.)
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Lei L, Qin H, Luo J, Tan Y, Yang J, Pan Z. Construction and immunological evaluation of hepatitis B virus core virus-like particles containing multiple antigenic peptides of respiratory syncytial virus. Virus Res 2021; 298:198410. [PMID: 33819519 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2021.198410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection causes severe disease in the lower respiratory tract of infants and young children. Currently, no licensed vaccine is available. In this study, we generated the chimeric virus-like particles (tHBc/FE1E2, tHBc/FE1E2/M282-90 and tHBc/FE1E2/M282-90/tG VLPs) containing multiple antigenic peptides of RSV proteins based on a truncated hepatitis B virus core carrier (tHBc). We investigated the immune protection against RSV infection induced by these VLPs in a mouse model. Immunization with the VLPs elicited RSV-specific IgG and neutralizing antibody production and conferred protection against RSV infection in vivo. Compared with UV-RSV or tHBc/FE1E2/M282-90/tG VLPs, the tHBc/FE1E2 and tHBc/FE1E2/M282-90 VLPs induced significantly decreased Th2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-5) and increased Th1 cytokines (IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-2) as well as increased IgG2a/IgG1 ratios. tHBc/FE1E2 and tHBc/FE1E2/M282-90 VLPs also elicited an increased regulatory T (Treg) cell frequency and IL-10 secretion in the lungs of vaccinated mice, thereby relieving pulmonary pathology upon subsequent RSV infection. Our results demonstrate that the VLPs containing antigenic peptides of F protein combined with a CTL epitope of M2 may represent a promising RSV subunit vaccine candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Modern Virology Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
| | - Huan Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Modern Virology Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Jin Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Modern Virology Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yiluo Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Modern Virology Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Jie Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Modern Virology Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Zishu Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Modern Virology Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
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Hu S, Lian PP, Hu Y, Zhu XY, Jiang SW, Ma Q, Li LY, Yang JF, Yang L, Guo HY, Zhou H, Yang CC, Meng XM, Li J, Li HW, Xu T, Zhou H. The Role of IL-35 in the Pathophysiological Processes of Liver Disease. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:569575. [PMID: 33584256 PMCID: PMC7873894 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.569575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
It is known that liver diseases have several characteristics of massive lipid accumulation and lipid metabolic disorder, and are divided into liver inflammation, liver fibrosis, liver cirrhosis (LC), and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients. Interleukin (IL)-35, a new-discovered cytokine, can protect the liver from the environmental attack by increasing the ratio of Tregs (T regulatory cells) which can increase the anti-inflammatory cytokines and inhibit the proliferation of immune cellular. Interestingly, two opposite mechanisms (pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory) have connection with the ultimate formation of liver diseases, which suggest that IL-35 may play crucial function in the process of liver diseases through immunosuppressive regulation. Besides, some obvious advantages also imply that IL-35 can be considered as a new therapeutic target to control the progression of liver diseases, while its mechanism of function still needs further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Hu
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Pan-Pan Lian
- School of Pharmacy, NanJing University, NanJing, China
| | - Ying Hu
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xing-Yu Zhu
- National Drug Clinical Trial Institution, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Shao-Wei Jiang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Qiang Ma
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Liang-Yun Li
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jun-Fa Yang
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Li Yang
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Hai-Yue Guo
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Hong Zhou
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Chen-Chen Yang
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Meng
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jun Li
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Hai-Wen Li
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Tao Xu
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Huan Zhou
- National Drug Clinical Trial Institution, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
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Zhang H, Li Y, Yuan L, Yao L, Yang J, Xia L, Shen H, Lu J. Interleukin-35 Is Involved in Angiogenesis/Bone Remodeling Coupling Through T Helper 17/Interleukin-17 Axis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:642676. [PMID: 33935967 PMCID: PMC8085552 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.642676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Osteoporosis is a common metabolic bone disease mainly involving bone remodeling and blood vessels. The current study aimed to explore the suppressive role of interleukin (IL)-35 in nuclear factor kappa-B ligand receptor activator (RANKL) and macrophage colony stimulating factor (M-CSF)-induced osteoclastogenesis and angiogenesis in osteoclasts. METHODS Osteoclasts differentiation were induced by incubation of mouse leukemic monocyte/macrophage cell line RAW264.7 cells in the presence of RANKL and M-CSF and was assessed with tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining assay. The viability and apoptosis of RAW264.7 was measured using CCK-8 assay and flow cytometry, respectively. The expression of angiogenic genes and proteins were measured using RT-PCR, Western blots and ELISA. The inhibition of Th17/IL-17 axis was examined using plumbagin, which was demonstrated as an IL-17A related signaling pathway inhibitor. RESULTS IL-35 inhibited the viability of RAW264.7 cells and promoted the apoptosis of RAW264.7 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, IL-35 dose-dependently suppressed the expression of angiogenic markers including VEGF and its receptor. The suppressive effect of IL-35 was confirmed through the activation of Th17/IL-17 axis. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated for the first time the immuno-suppressive function of IL-35 on RANKL and M-CSF-induced osteoclastogenesis and angiogenesis through Th17/IL-17 axis. Therapeutic approach involving augmentation of IL-35 regulatory response may serve as a novel treatment option for osteoporosis, especially by suppressing bone resorption and angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuxuan Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lin Yuan
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lutian Yao
- Department of Sports Medicine and Joint Surgery/Orthopedic, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Liping Xia
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hui Shen
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jing Lu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- *Correspondence: Jing Lu,
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