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Mojica KDA, Brussaard CPD. Viruses of Plankton: On the Edge of the Viral Frontier. Microorganisms 2023; 12:31. [PMID: 38257858 PMCID: PMC10819161 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12010031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The field of aquatic viral ecology has continued to evolve rapidly over the last three decades [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina D. A. Mojica
- Division of Marine Science, School of Ocean Science and Engineering, The University of Southern Mississippi, Stennis Space Center, Hancock County, MS 39529, USA
| | - Corina P. D. Brussaard
- Department of Marine Microbiology and Biogeochemistry, NIOZ—Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, 1790 AB Den Burg, The Netherlands;
- Department of Freshwater and Marine Ecology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam, 1000 GG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Ho HVN, Dunigan DD, Salsbery ME, Agarkova IV, Al Ameeli Z, Van Etten JL, DeLong JP. Viral Chemotaxis of Paramecium Bursaria Altered by Algal Endosymbionts. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2023; 86:2904-2909. [PMID: 37650927 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-023-02292-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Chemotaxis is widespread across many taxa and often aids resource acquisition or predator avoidance. Species interactions can modify the degree of movement facilitated by chemotaxis. In this study, we investigated the influence of symbionts on Paramecium bursaria's chemotactic behavior toward chloroviruses. To achieve this, we performed choice experiments using chlorovirus and control candidate attractors (virus stabilization buffer and pond water). We quantified the movement of Paramecia grown with or without algal and viral symbionts toward each attractor. All Paramecia showed some chemotaxis toward viruses, but cells without algae and viruses showed the most movement toward viruses. Thus, the endosymbiotic algae (zoochlorellae) appeared to alter the movement of Paramecia toward chloroviruses, but it was not clear that ectosymbiotic viruses (chlorovirus) also had this effect. The change in behavior was consistent with a change in swimming speed, but a change in attraction remains possible. The potential costs and benefits of chemotactic movement toward chloroviruses for either the Paramecia hosts or its symbionts remain unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huy V N Ho
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588-2083, USA
| | - David D Dunigan
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68583-0722, USA
- Nebraska Center for Virology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68583-0900, USA
| | - Miranda E Salsbery
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588-2083, USA
| | - Irina V Agarkova
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68583-0722, USA
- Nebraska Center for Virology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68583-0900, USA
| | - Zeina Al Ameeli
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68583-0722, USA
- Medical Technical Institutes, Middle Technical University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - James L Van Etten
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68583-0722, USA
- Nebraska Center for Virology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68583-0900, USA
| | - John P DeLong
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588-2083, USA.
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