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Shen Z, Li S, Liu Z, Qi Y, Yu W, Zhang X, Zhu M, Hu X, Gong C. GCRV-encoded circRNA circ_20 forms a ternary complex with BIP and PERK to delay virus replication by inhibiting the PERK-eIF2α pathway. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 281:136314. [PMID: 39370064 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.136314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2024] [Revised: 10/02/2024] [Accepted: 10/03/2024] [Indexed: 10/08/2024]
Abstract
Viral circRNAs play important roles in host-virus interactions. Previous reports showed that grass carp reovirus (GCRV) encodes 32 circRNAs, and circ_20 from the negative strand of GCRV genome segment 7 has the potential to regulate GCRV replication. However, the regulatory mechanism of circ_20 on GCRV remains unknown. In this study, circ_20 was further validated, and circ_20 negatively regulated ERS, the PERK pathway, and ROS production in GCRV-infected cells. Furthermore, circ_20 inhibited the PERK pathway by forming a ternary complex with BIP and PERK, resulting in delaying GCRV replication. RNA pull-down results indicated that the 51-102 nt region of circ_20 interacts with BIP, while the 451-502 and 514-565 nt regions interact with PERK. After the deletion of these interaction regions, the ability of circ_20 to promote BIP-PERK interaction decreases, leading to a decrease in the ability to inhibit GCRV proliferation. These findings uncovered new insights into the complex interplay between viruses and host cells and provided a novel understanding of the significance of viral circRNAs in virus-host interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeen Shen
- School of Life Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 21523, China
| | - Song Li
- School of Life Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 21523, China
| | - Zhuo Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 21523, China
| | - Yanling Qi
- School of Life Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 21523, China
| | - Wenbin Yu
- School of Chemistry and Life Science, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Xing Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Life Science, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Min Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 21523, China
| | - Xiaolong Hu
- School of Life Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 21523, China.
| | - Chengliang Gong
- School of Life Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 21523, China.
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2
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Wang L, Zheng G, Yuan Y, Wang Z, Wang Q, Sun M, Wu J, Liu C, Liu Y, Zhang B, Zhang H, Yang N, Lian L. circRUNX2.2, highly expressed in Marek's disease tumor tissues, functions in cis to regulate parental gene RUNX2 expression. Poult Sci 2024; 103:104045. [PMID: 39094493 PMCID: PMC11345620 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.104045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2024] [Revised: 06/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Marek's disease (MD), an immunosuppression disease induced by Marek's disease virus (MDV), is one of the significant diseases affecting the health and productive performance of poultry. The roles of circular RNAs (circRNAs) in MD development were poorly understood. In this study, we found a circRNA derived from exon 6 of RUNX family transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) gene, named circRUNX2.2, was highly expressed in chicken tumorous spleens (TS) induced by MDV. Through fluorescence in situ hybridization and nuclear-cytoplasmic separation assay, we determined circRUNX2.2 was mainly located in the nucleus. Knockout experiments confirmed that the flanking complementary sequences (RCMs) mediated its circularization. Gain of function assay and dual luciferase reporter gene assay revealed that circRUNX2.2 could promote the expression of RUNX2 via binding with its promoter region. RNA antisense purification assay and mass spectrometry assay showed circRUNX2.2 could recruit proteins such as CHD9 protein. Knocking down CHD9 expression decreased the expression of RUNX2 gene, which confirmed the positive regulation that circRUNX2.2 on RUNX2 expression was probably facilitated via recruiting CHD9 protein. Functional experiments showed that circRUNX2.2 promoted the proliferation of the MD lymphoma-derived chicken cell line, MDCC-MSB1, which confirmed the potential oncogenic role of circRNX2.2 in tumor development. In conclusion, we found that the RUNX2-derived circRUNX2.2 can positively regulate the transcription of the parental gene RUNX2 in a cis-acting manner. The high expression of circRUNX2.2 in MD tumor tissues indicated that it might mediate MD lymphoma progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Wang
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Gang Zheng
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yiming Yuan
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ziyi Wang
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qinyuan Wang
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Meng Sun
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Junfeng Wu
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Changjun Liu
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Yongzhen Liu
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ning Yang
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ling Lian
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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3
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Yang S, Cao D, Jaijyan DK, Wang M, Liu J, Cruz-Cosme R, Wu S, Huang J, Zeng M, Liu X, Sun W, Xiong D, Tang Q, Xiao L, Zhu H. Identification and characterization of Varicella Zoster Virus circular RNA in lytic infection. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4932. [PMID: 38858365 PMCID: PMC11164961 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49112-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the role of circular RNAs (circRNAs) in the context of Varicella-Zoster Virus (VZV) lytic infection. We employ two sequencing technologies, short-read sequencing and long-read sequencing, following RNase R treatment on VZV-infected neuroblastoma cells to identify and characterize both cellular and viral circRNAs. Our large scanning analysis identifies and subsequent experiments confirm 200 VZV circRNAs. Moreover, we discover numerous VZV latency-associated transcripts (VLTs)-like circRNAs (circVLTslytic), which contain multiple exons and different isoforms within the same back-splicing breakpoint. To understand the functional significance of these circVLTslytic, we utilize the Bacteria Artificial Chromosome system to disrupt the expression of viral circRNAs in genomic DNA location. We reveal that the sequence flanking circVLTs' 5' splice donor plays a pivotal role as a cis-acting element in the formation of circVLTslytic. The circVLTslytic is dispensable for VZV replication, but the mutation downstream of circVLTslytic exon 5 leads to increased acyclovir sensitivity in VZV infection models. This suggests that circVLTslytic may have a role in modulating the sensitivity to antiviral treatment. The findings shed new insight into the regulation of cellular and viral transcription during VZV lytic infection, emphasizing the intricate interplay between circRNAs and viral processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaomin Yang
- Department of Pain Medicine and Shenzhen Municipal Key Laboratory for Pain Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, National-Regional Key Technology Engineering Laboratory for Medical Ultrasound, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Di Cao
- Department of Pain Medicine and Shenzhen Municipal Key Laboratory for Pain Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Dabbu Kumar Jaijyan
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, 225 Warren Street, Newark, NJ, 070101, USA
| | - Mei Wang
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, China
| | - Jian Liu
- School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou, 363000, China
| | - Ruth Cruz-Cosme
- Department of Microbiology, Howard University College of Medicine, 520 W Street NW, Washington, DC, 20059, USA
| | - Songbin Wu
- Department of Pain Medicine and Shenzhen Municipal Key Laboratory for Pain Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiabin Huang
- Department of Pain Medicine and Shenzhen Municipal Key Laboratory for Pain Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Mulan Zeng
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, 225 Warren Street, Newark, NJ, 070101, USA
| | - Xiaolian Liu
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, China
| | - Wuping Sun
- Department of Pain Medicine and Shenzhen Municipal Key Laboratory for Pain Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Donglin Xiong
- Department of Pain Medicine and Shenzhen Municipal Key Laboratory for Pain Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qiyi Tang
- Department of Microbiology, Howard University College of Medicine, 520 W Street NW, Washington, DC, 20059, USA.
| | - Lizu Xiao
- Department of Pain Medicine and Shenzhen Municipal Key Laboratory for Pain Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Hua Zhu
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, 225 Warren Street, Newark, NJ, 070101, USA.
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4
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Fu P, Cai Z, Zhang Z, Meng X, Peng Y. An updated database of virus circular RNAs provides new insights into the biogenesis mechanism of the molecule. Emerg Microbes Infect 2023; 12:2261558. [PMID: 37725485 PMCID: PMC10557547 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2023.2261558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Virus circular RNAs (circRNA) have been reported to be extensively expressed and play important roles in viral infections. Previously we build the first database of virus circRNAs named VirusCircBase which has been widely used in the field. This study significantly improved the database on both the data quantity and database functionality: the number of virus circRNAs, virus species, host organisms was increased from 46440, 23, 9 to 60859, 43, 22, respectively, and 1902 full-length virus circRNAs were newly added; new functions were added such as visualization of the expression level of virus circRNAs and visualization of virus circRNAs in the Genome Browser. Analysis of the expression of virus circRNAs showed that they had low expression levels in most cells or tissues and showed strong expression heterogeneity. Analysis of the splicing of virus circRNAs showed that they used a much higher proportion of non-canonical back-splicing signals compared to those in animals and plants, and mainly used the A5SS (alternative 5' splice site) in alternative-splicing. Most virus circRNAs have no more than two isoforms. Finally, human genes associated with the virus circRNA production were investigated and more than 1000 human genes exhibited moderate correlations with the expression of virus circRNAs. Most of them showed negative correlations including 42 genes encoding RNA-binding proteins. They were significantly enriched in biological processes related to cell cycle and RNA processing. Overall, the study provides a valuable resource for further studies of virus circRNAs and also provides new insights into the biogenesis mechanisms of virus circRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Fu
- Bioinformatics Center, College of Biology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, Hunan University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zena Cai
- Bioinformatics Center, College of Biology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, Hunan University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhiyuan Zhang
- Bioinformatics Center, College of Biology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, Hunan University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiangxian Meng
- Bioinformatics Center, College of Biology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, Hunan University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yousong Peng
- Bioinformatics Center, College of Biology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, Hunan University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
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5
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Bertzbach LD, Kohn M, You Y, Kossak L, Sabsabi MA, Kheimar A, Härtle S, Kaufer BB. In vitro infection of primary chicken lymphocytes with Marek's disease virus. STAR Protoc 2023; 4:102343. [PMID: 37270781 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2023.102343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Marek's disease virus (MDV) is a highly oncogenic alphaherpesvirus that infects immune cells and causes a deadly lymphoproliferative disease in chickens. Cytokines and monoclonal antibodies promote the survival of chicken lymphocytes in vitro. Here, we describe protocols for the isolation, maintenance, and efficient MDV infection of primary chicken lymphocytes and lymphocyte cell lines. This facilitates the investigation of key aspects of the MDV life cycle in the primary target cells of viral replication, latency, genome integration, and reactivation. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Schermuly et al.,1 Bertzbach et al. (2019),2 and You et al.3 For a comprehensive background on MDV, please see Osterrieder et al.4 and Bertzbach et al. (2020).5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca D Bertzbach
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Virology, 14163 Berlin, Germany; Leibniz Institute of Virology (LIV), Department of Viral Transformation, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marina Kohn
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Department for Veterinary Sciences, 82152 Planegg/Martinsried, Germany
| | - Yu You
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Virology, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Lisa Kossak
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Virology, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Ahmed Kheimar
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Virology, 14163 Berlin, Germany; Sohag University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Poultry Diseases, 82524 Sohag, Egypt
| | - Sonja Härtle
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Department for Veterinary Sciences, 82152 Planegg/Martinsried, Germany.
| | - Benedikt B Kaufer
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Virology, 14163 Berlin, Germany; Freie Universität Berlin, Veterinary Centre for Resistance Research (TZR), 14163 Berlin, Germany.
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6
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Serge Chasseur A, Muylkens B, Coupeau D. [The circular life of viruses]. Med Sci (Paris) 2023; 39:344-350. [PMID: 37094267 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/2023051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNA), as ancient as the first viruses, take an important part in the host-pathogen relationship. After the first description of dysregulated cellular circRNAs upon viral infection, numerous circRNAs of viral origin were identified and characterized. They are impacting both viral and cellular cycles and are associated with virus-induced oncogenesis, immune system regulation and cell differentiation. While the naïve reader might get swamped by discovering this new field of RNA biology, it seems that these RNA rings are actually full of surprises and wonders at both a functional and a biogenesis level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Serge Chasseur
- Virologie moléculaire, Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences (Narilis), Unité de recherche vétérinaire intégrée, université de Namur (UNamur), Namur, Belgique
| | - Benoît Muylkens
- Virologie moléculaire, Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences (Narilis), Unité de recherche vétérinaire intégrée, université de Namur (UNamur), Namur, Belgique
| | - Damien Coupeau
- Virologie moléculaire, Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences (Narilis), Unité de recherche vétérinaire intégrée, université de Namur (UNamur), Namur, Belgique
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7
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Zhang Y, Zhang X, Shen Z, Qiu Q, Tong X, Pan J, Zhu M, Hu X, Gong C. BmNPV circular RNA-encoded peptide VSP39 promotes viral replication. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 228:299-310. [PMID: 36563818 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.12.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
CircRNAs are covalently closed single-stranded circular RNA molecules, which are not easily degraded by endonucleases and play vital roles in many biological processes. Currently, most studies on circRNAs focus on endogenous circRNAs in cells, and there are few studies on virus-encoded circRNAs. In this study, a viral circRNA (circRNA-000010) derived from the region (-/bp: 114514-115,319) of the complementary strand of Bombyx mori Nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV) genome was identified with the circRNA-sequencing. The authenticity of viral circRNA-000010 was further confirmed by reverse transcription PCR, reverse transcription-rolling circle amplification (TCA), in situ hybridization, immunofluorescent staining, and Northern blotting. The results of overexpression and knockdown experiments showed that circRNA-000010 promoted viral replication. Furthermore, a viral small peptide VSP39 with 39 amino acid residues translated by circRNA-000010 but not its linear molecule was confirmed. Finally, VSP39 was found to promote viral replication. Our findings indicated that a viral circRNA encoded by BmNPV promoted viral replication. These findings will provide new clues for further understanding coding information of the BmNPV genome and open a new insight for investigating host-virus interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxin Zhang
- School of Biology & Basic Medical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xing Zhang
- School of Biology & Basic Medical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Zeen Shen
- School of Biology & Basic Medical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Qunnan Qiu
- School of Biology & Basic Medical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xinyu Tong
- School of Biology & Basic Medical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Jun Pan
- School of Biology & Basic Medical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Min Zhu
- School of Biology & Basic Medical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xiaolong Hu
- School of Biology & Basic Medical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology and Ecological Research, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Chengliang Gong
- School of Biology & Basic Medical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology and Ecological Research, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
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8
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Teng M, Zhu ZJ, Yao Y, Nair V, Zhang GP, Luo J. Critical roles of non-coding RNAs in lifecycle and biology of Marek's disease herpesvirus. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2023; 66:251-268. [PMID: 36617590 PMCID: PMC9838510 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-022-2258-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Over the past two decades, numerous non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have been identified in different biological systems including virology, especially in large DNA viruses such as herpesviruses. As a representative oncogenic alphaherpesvirus, Marek's disease virus (MDV) causes an important immunosuppressive and rapid-onset neoplastic disease of poultry, namely Marek's disease (MD). Vaccinations can efficiently prevent the onset of MD lymphomas and other clinical disease, often heralded as the first successful example of vaccination-based control of cancer. MDV infection is also an excellent model for research into virally-induced tumorigenesis. Recently, great progress has been made in understanding the functions of ncRNAs in MD biology. Herein, we give a review of the discovery and identification of MDV-encoded viral miRNAs, focusing on the genomics, expression profiles, and emerging critical roles of MDV-1 miRNAs as oncogenic miRNAs (oncomiRs) or tumor suppressor genes involved in the induction of MD lymphomas. We also described the involvements of host cellular miRNAs, lincRNAs, and circRNAs participating in MDV life cycle, pathogenesis, and/or tumorigenesis. The prospects, strategies, and new techniques such as the CRISPR/Cas9-based gene editing applicable for further investigation into the ncRNA-mediated regulatory mechanisms in MDV pathogenesis/oncogenesis were also discussed, together with the possibilities of future studies on antiviral therapy and the development of new efficient MD vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Teng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China & Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
- UK-China Centre of Excellence for Research on Avian Diseases, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Zhi-Jian Zhu
- School of Biological and Food Processing Engineering, Huanghuai University, Zhumadian, 463000, China
| | - Yongxiu Yao
- The Pirbright Institute & UK-China Centre of Excellence for Research on Avian Diseases, Pirbright, Ash Road, Guildford, Surrey, GU24 0NF, UK
| | - Venugopal Nair
- The Pirbright Institute & UK-China Centre of Excellence for Research on Avian Diseases, Pirbright, Ash Road, Guildford, Surrey, GU24 0NF, UK
| | - Gai-Ping Zhang
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology & College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Jun Luo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China & Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
- UK-China Centre of Excellence for Research on Avian Diseases, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Public Safety, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471003, China.
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9
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Characterization of a Unique Novel LORF3 Protein of Duck Plague Virus and Its Potential Pathogenesis. J Virol 2023; 97:e0157722. [PMID: 36598202 PMCID: PMC9888245 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01577-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Duck plague virus (DPV) is a high-morbidity fowl alphaherpesvirus that causes septicemic lesions in various organs. Most DPV genes are conserved among herpesviruses, while a few are specific to fowl herpesviruses, including the LORF3 gene, for which there is currently no literature describing its biological properties and functions. This study first addressed whether the LORF3 protein is expressed by making specific polyclonal antibodies. We could demonstrate that DPV LORF3 is an early gene and encodes a protein involved in virion assembly, mainly localized in the nucleus of DPV-infected DEF cells. To investigate the role of this novel LORF3 protein in DPV pathogenesis, we generated a recombinant virus that lacks expression of the LORF3 protein. Our data revealed that the LORF3 protein is not essential for viral replication but contributes to DPV replication in vitro and in vivo and promotes duck plague disease morbidity and mortality. Interestingly, deletion of the LORF3 protein abolished thymus atrophy in DPV-vaccinated ducks. In conclusion, this study revealed the expression of avian herpesviruses-specific genes and unraveled the role of the early protein LORF3 in the pathogenesis of DPV. IMPORTANCE DPV is a highly lethal alphaherpesvirus that causes duck plague in birds of the order Anseriformes. The virus has caused huge economic losses to the poultry industry due to high morbidity and mortality and the cost of vaccination. DPV encodes 78 open reading frames (ORFs), and these genes are involved in various processes of the viral life cycle. Functional characterization of DPV genes is important for understanding the complex viral life cycle and DPV pathogenesis. Here, we identified a novel protein encoded by LORF3, and our data suggest that the LORF3 protein is involved in the occurrence and development of duck plague.
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10
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Wang W, Sun L, Huang MT, Quan Y, Jiang T, Miao Z, Zhang Q. Regulatory circular RNAs in viral diseases: applications in diagnosis and therapy. RNA Biol 2023; 20:847-858. [PMID: 37882652 PMCID: PMC10730172 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2023.2272118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Circular RNA (circRNA) forms closed loops via back-splicing in precursor mRNA, resisting exonuclease degradation. In higher eukaryotes, protein-coding genes create circRNAs through exon back-splicing. Unlike mRNAs, circRNAs possess unique production and structural traits, bestowing distinct cellular functions and biomedical potential. In this review, we explore the pivotal roles of viral circRNAs and associated RNA in various biological processes. Analysing the interactions between viral circRNA and host cellular machinery yields fresh insights into antiviral immunity, catalysing the development of potential therapeutics. Furthermore, circRNAs serve as enduring biomarkers in viral diseases due to their stable translation within specific tissues. Additionally, a deeper understanding of translational circRNA could expedite the establishment of circRNA-based expression platforms, meeting the rising demand for broad-spectrum viral vaccines. We also highlight the applications of circular RNA in biomarker studies as well as circRNA-based therapeutics. Prospectively, we expect a technological revolution in combating viral infections using circRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lei Sun
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Meng-Ting Huang
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yun Quan
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhichao Miao
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Brain Functional Modulation, Clinical Research Center for Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-Like Intelligence, Shanghai Fourth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiong Zhang
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Li J, Yang H, Shi H, Zhang J, Chen W. Expression Profiles of Differentially Expressed Circular RNAs and circRNA-miRNA-mRNA Regulatory Networks in SH-SY5Y Cells Infected with Coxsackievirus B5. Int J Genomics 2022; 2022:9298149. [PMID: 36267594 PMCID: PMC9577011 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9298149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Coxsackievirus B5 (CVB5) is the causative agent of hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) that can cause neurological complications and fatalities. Circular RNA (circRNA) has been shown to play an important role in regulating pathogenic processes. However, the functions of circRNA in response to CVB5 infection remain unclear. In our research, RNA-seq was employed to analyze the expression profiles of circRNAs in SH-SY5Y cells with or without CVB5 infection. Out of 5,665 circRNAs identified to be expressed in SH-SY5Y cells, 163 circRNAs were found to be differentially expressed significantly. Moreover, Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses showed that the differentially expressed circRNAs were mainly involved in ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis and signaling pathways during CVB5 infection. Additionally, RT-qPCR was used to validate the RNA-seq data, and a circRNA-miRNA-mRNA interaction network was constructed based on two circRNAs, such as hsa_circ_0008378 and novel_circ_0014617, which were associated with the regulation of innate immune response in host cells. Additionally, we confirmed the two circRANs up-regulated the key factors in the IFN-I signaling pathway, hampering viral replication. Our data provide a new perspective that facilitates further understanding of the virus-host mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Heng Yang
- College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kunming University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Huaran Shi
- Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Jihong Zhang
- Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
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Zhang X, Liang Z, Wang C, Shen Z, Sun S, Gong C, Hu X. Viral Circular RNAs and Their Possible Roles in Virus-Host Interaction. Front Immunol 2022; 13:939768. [PMID: 35784275 PMCID: PMC9247149 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.939768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) as novel regulatory molecules have been recognized in diverse species, including viruses. The virus-derived circRNAs play various roles in the host biological process and the life cycle of the viruses. This review summarized the circRNAs from the DNA and RNA viruses and discussed the biogenesis of viral and host circRNAs, the potential roles of viral circRNAs, and their future perspective. This review will elaborate on new insights gained on viruses encoded circRNAs during virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Zhang
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zi Liang
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Chonglong Wang
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zeen Shen
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Sufei Sun
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Chengliang Gong
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology and Ecological Research, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaolong Hu, ; Chengliang Gong,
| | - Xiaolong Hu
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology and Ecological Research, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaolong Hu, ; Chengliang Gong,
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