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Smirnov A, Magri A, Lotz R, Han X, Yin C, Harris M, Osterburg C, Dötsch V, McKeating JA, Lu X. ASPP2 binds to hepatitis C virus NS5A protein via an SH3 domain/PxxP motif-mediated interaction and potentiates infection. J Gen Virol 2023; 104:10.1099/jgv.0.001895. [PMID: 37750869 PMCID: PMC7615710 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infects millions of people worldwide and is a leading cause of liver disease. Despite recent advances in antiviral therapies, viral resistance can limit drug efficacy and understanding the mechanisms that confer viral escape is important. We employ an unbiased interactome analysis to discover host binding partners of the HCV non-structural protein 5A (NS5A), a key player in viral replication and assembly. We identify ASPP2, apoptosis-stimulating protein of p53, as a new host co-factor that binds NS5A via its SH3 domain. Importantly, silencing ASPP2 reduces viral replication and spread. Our study uncovers a previously unknown role for ASPP2 to potentiate HCV RNA replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artem Smirnov
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Andrea Magri
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK
| | - Rebecca Lotz
- Institute of Biophysical Chemistry and Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Xiaoyue Han
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Chunhong Yin
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, and Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Mark Harris
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, and Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Christian Osterburg
- Institute of Biophysical Chemistry and Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Volker Dötsch
- Institute of Biophysical Chemistry and Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Jane A. McKeating
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Oxford Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Xin Lu
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
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2
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Li HC, Yang CH, Lo SY. Cellular factors involved in the hepatitis C virus life cycle. World J Gastroenterol 2021; 27:4555-4581. [PMID: 34366623 PMCID: PMC8326260 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v27.i28.4555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The hepatitis C virus (HCV), an obligatory intracellular pathogen, highly depends on its host cells to propagate successfully. The HCV life cycle can be simply divided into several stages including viral entry, protein translation, RNA replication, viral assembly and release. Hundreds of cellular factors involved in the HCV life cycle have been identified over more than thirty years of research. Characterization of these cellular factors has provided extensive insight into HCV replication strategies. Some of these cellular factors are targets for anti-HCV therapies. In this review, we summarize the well-characterized and recently identified cellular factors functioning at each stage of the HCV life cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Chun Li
- Department of Biochemistry, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan
| | - Chee-Hing Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Yen Lo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien 970, Taiwan
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3
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Wang M, Wang Y, Liu Y, Wang H, Xin X, Li J, Hao Y, Han L, Yu F, Zheng C, Shen C. SPSB2 inhibits hepatitis C virus replication by targeting NS5A for ubiquitination and degradation. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0219989. [PMID: 31344133 PMCID: PMC6657855 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0219989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) replication involves many viral and host factors. Host factor SPRY domain- and SOCS box-containing protein 2(SPSB2) belongs to SPSB family, and it recruits target proteins by the SPRY domain and forms E3 ubiquitin ligase complexes by the SOCS box. As an adaptor protein, it can regulate the host’s response to infection, but little is known about whether SPSB2 plays a role in HCV replication. In the present study, we found that HCV infection significantly upregulated the mRNA and protein levels of SPSB2 in HCVcc-infected cells. Exogenous expression of SPSB2 in hepatoma cells decreased HCV RNA and protein levels which depended on the SOCS box, while knockdown of endogenous SPSB2 increased HCV RNA and protein levels. Additionally, we demonstrated that SPSB2 interacted with HCV structural protein E1 and nonstructural protein protein 5A (NS5A) via the C-terminal portion of the SPSB2 SPRY domain. Furthermore, SPSB2 induced NS5A ubiquitination and mediated NS5A degradation. Collectively, this study discovered host factor SPSB2 significantly inhibits HCV replication by interacting and degrading NS5A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuehong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hailong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiu Xin
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiadai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yao Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lingling Han
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Fang Yu
- Department of Pathology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Congyi Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- China Center for Type Culture Collection, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chao Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- China Center for Type Culture Collection, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- * E-mail:
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Feng X, Jia Y, Zhang Y, Ma F, Zhu Y, Hong X, Zhou Q, He R, Zhang H, Jin J, Piao D, Huang H, Li Q, Qiu X, Zhang Z. Ubiquitination of UVRAG by SMURF1 promotes autophagosome maturation and inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma growth. Autophagy 2019; 15:1130-1149. [PMID: 30686098 PMCID: PMC6613838 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2019.1570063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
UVRAG (UV radiation resistance associated) is an important regulator of mammalian macroautophagy/autophagy by interacting with BECN1, PIK3C3, and RUBCN. Phosphorylation of UVRAG by MTORC1 negatively regulates autophagosome maturation under nutrient-enriched conditions. However, how UVRAG ubiquitination is regulated is still unknown. Here we report that UVRAG is ubiquitinated by SMURF1 at lysine residues 517 and 559, which decreases the association of UVRAG with RUBCN and promotes autophagosome maturation. However, the deubiquitinase ZRANB1 specifically cleaves SMURF1-induced K29 and K33-linked polyubiquitin chains from UVRAG, thereby increasing the binding of UVRAG to RUBCN and inhibiting autophagy flux. We also demonstrate that CSNK1A1-mediated UVRAG phosphorylation at Ser522 disrupts the binding of SMURF1 to UVRAG through PPxY motif and blocks UVRAG ubiquitination-mediated autophagosome maturation. Interestingly, ZRANB1 is phosphorylated at Thr35, and Ser209 residues by CSNK1A1, and this phosphorylation activates its deubiquitinating activity. Importantly, we provide in vitro and in vivo evidence that UVRAG ubiquitination at lysine residues 517 and 559 or prevention of Ser522 phosphorylation by D4476, a CSNK1A1 inhibitor, enhances the lysosomal degradation of EGFR, which significantly inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) growth. Furthermore, UVRAG S522 phosphorylation levels correlate with ZRANB1 T35/S209 phosphorylation levels and poor prognosis in HCC patients. These findings identify a novel molecular mechanism by which ubiquitination and phosphorylation of UVRAG regulate its function in autophagosome maturation and HCC growth, encouraging further study of their potential therapeutic implications. Abbreviations: ATG: autophagy related; BafA1: bafilomycin A1; BECN1: beclin 1; CHX: cycloheximide; CSNK1A1/CK1α: casein kinase 1 alpha 1; CQ: chloroquine; DUB: deubiquitinase; EBSS: Earle’s balanced salt solution; EGF: epidermal growth factor; GFP: green fluorescent protein; GST: glutathione S-transferase; HBSS: Hanks balanced salts solution; HCC: hepatocellular carcinoma; MAP1LC3B/LC3: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta; MEFs: mouse embryo fibroblasts; mRFP: monomeric red fluorescent protein; PIK3C3/VPS34: phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic subunit type 3; PTMs: post-translational modifications; RUBCN: rubicon autophagy regulator; siRNA: small interfering RNA; SMURF1: SMAD specific E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 1; SQSTM1: sequestosome 1; Ub-AMC: ubiquitin-7-amido-4-methylcoumarin: a fluorogenic substrate; UVRAG: UV radiation resistance associated; ZRANB1/TRABID: zinc finger RANBP2-type containing 1
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Feng
- a The affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University , Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Guangxi Neurological Diseases Clinical Research Center , Guilin , Guangxi , China.,b Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey , Rutgers University , New Brunswick , New Jersey , USA
| | - Yanyan Jia
- c Department of Pharmacy , Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military University , Xi' an , Shanxi , China
| | - Yuyu Zhang
- d Department of Radiation Oncology , The First Hospital of Jilin University , Changchun , China
| | - Fei Ma
- e Department of General Surgery , the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University , Harbin , Heilongjiang , China
| | - Yuekun Zhu
- f Department of General Surgery , The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University , Harbin , Heilongjiang , China
| | - Xuehui Hong
- g Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery , Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, Institute of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Medical College of Xiamen University , Xiamen , Fujian , China
| | - Qingxin Zhou
- h Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology , Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital , Harbin , Heilongjiang , China
| | - Ruixing He
- i Department of Clinical Medicine , West China University of Medical Science , Chengdu , Sichuan , China
| | - Heng Zhang
- j Department of Histology and Embryology , Xiang Ya School of Medicine, Central South University , Changsha , Hunan , China
| | - Junfei Jin
- k Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery , Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University , Guilin , Guangxi 541001 , China
| | - Daxun Piao
- f Department of General Surgery , The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University , Harbin , Heilongjiang , China
| | - He Huang
- j Department of Histology and Embryology , Xiang Ya School of Medicine, Central South University , Changsha , Hunan , China.,l State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia , School of Preclinical Medicine, Xinjiang Medical University , Urumqi , Xinjiang , China
| | - Qinghua Li
- a The affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University , Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Guangxi Neurological Diseases Clinical Research Center , Guilin , Guangxi , China.,m Department of Neurology , the affiliated hospital of Guilin Medical University , Guilin , Guangxi , China
| | - Xingfeng Qiu
- n Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery , Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University , Xiamen , Fujian , China
| | - Zhiyong Zhang
- a The affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University , Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Guangxi Neurological Diseases Clinical Research Center , Guilin , Guangxi , China.,o Department of Surgery, Robert-Wood-Johnson Medical School University Hospital , Rutgers University, The State University of New Jersey , New Brunswick , New Jersey 08901 , USA
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Wang H, Xin X, Wang M, Han L, Li J, Hao Y, Zheng C, Shen C. Myxovirus resistance protein A inhibits hepatitis C virus replication through JAK-STAT pathway activation. Arch Virol 2018; 163:1429-1438. [PMID: 29417241 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-018-3748-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The interferon-inducible dynamin-like GTPase myxovirus resistance protein A (MxA) exhibits activity against multiple viruses. However, its role in the life cycle of hepatitis C virus (HCV) is unclear, and the mechanisms underlying the anti-HCV activity of MxA require further investigation. In this study, we demonstrated that exogenous MxA expression in the Huh7 and Huh7.5.1 hepatoma cell lines significantly decreased the levels of HCV RNA and core proteins, whereas MxA knockdown exerted the opposite effect. MxA-mediated inhibition of HCV replication was found to involve the JAK-STAT pathway: STAT1 phosphorylation and the expression of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) such as guanylate-binding protein 1 and 2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthetase 1 were augmented by MxA overexpression and reduced by endogenous MxA silencing. Treatment with the JAK inhibitor ruxolitinib abrogated the MxA-mediated suppression of HCV replication and activation of the JAK-STAT pathway. Additionally, transfection with an MxA mutant with disrupted GTP-binding consensus motifs abrogated activation of the JAK-STAT pathway and resistance to HCV replication. This study shows that MxA inhibits HCV replication by activating the JAK-STAT signaling pathway through a mechanism involving its GTPase function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, School of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiu Xin
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, School of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingzhen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, School of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingling Han
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, School of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiadai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, School of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, School of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Congyi Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, School of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei, People's Republic of China.,China Center for Type Culture Collection, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chao Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, School of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei, People's Republic of China. .,China Center for Type Culture Collection, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
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Susceptibilities of genotype 1a, 1b, and 3 hepatitis C virus variants to the NS5A inhibitor elbasvir. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2015; 59:6922-9. [PMID: 26303801 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01390-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Elbasvir is an investigational NS5A inhibitor with in vitro activity against multiple HCV genotypes. Antiviral activity of elbasvir was measured in replicons derived from wild-type or resistant variants of genotypes 1a, 1b, and 3. The barrier to resistance was assessed by the number of resistant colonies selected by exposure to various elbasvir concentrations. In a phase 1b dose-escalating study, virologic responses were determined in 48 noncirrhotic adult men with chronic genotype 1 or 3 infections randomized to placebo or elbasvir from 5 to 50 mg (genotype 1) or 10 to 100 mg (genotype 3) once daily for 5 days. The NS5A gene was sequenced from plasma specimens obtained before, during, and after treatment. Elbasvir suppressed the emergence of resistance-associated variants (RAVs) in vitro in a dose-dependent manner. Variants selected by exposure to high elbasvir concentrations typically encoded multiple amino acid substitutions (most commonly involving loci 30, 31, and 93), conferring high-level elbasvir resistance. In the monotherapy study, patients with genotype 1b had greater reductions in HCV RNA levels than patients with genotype 1a at all elbasvir doses; responses in patients with genotype 3 were generally less pronounced than for genotype 1, particularly at lower elbasvir doses. M28T, Q30R, L31V, and Y93H in genotype 1a, L31V and Y93H in genotype 1b, and A30K, L31F, and Y93H in genotype 3 were the predominant RAVs selected by elbasvir monotherapy. Virologic findings in patients were consistent with the preclinical observations. NS5A-RAVs emerged most often at amino acid positions 28, 30, 31, and 93 in both the laboratory and clinical trial. (The MK-8742 P002 trial has been registered at ClinicalTrials.gov under identifier NCT01532973.).
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