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Marques RE, Shimizu JF, Nogueira ML, Vasilakis N. Current challenges in the discovery of treatments against Mayaro fever. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2024; 28:345-356. [PMID: 38714500 PMCID: PMC11189740 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2024.2351504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/10/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mayaro fever is an emerging viral disease that manifests as an acute febrile illness. The disease is self-limiting, however joint pain can persist for months leading to chronic arthralgia. There is no specific treatment available, which ultimately leads to socioeconomic losses in populations at risk as well as strains to the public health systems. AREAS COVERED We reviewed the candidate treatments proposed for Mayaro virus (MAYV) infection and disease, including antiviral compounds targeting viral or host mechanisms, and pathways involved in disease development and pathogenicity. We assessed compound screening technologies and experimental infection models used in these studies and indicated the advantages and limitations of available technologies and intended therapeutic strategies. EXPERT OPINION Although several compounds have been suggested as candidate treatments against MAYV infection, notably those with antiviral activity, most compounds were assessed only in vitro. Compounds rarely progress toin vivo or preclinical studies, and such difficulty may be associated with limited experimental models. MAYV biology is largely inferred from related alphaviruses and reflected by few studies focusing on target proteins or mechanisms of action for MAYV. Therapeutic strategies targeting pathogenic inflammatory responses have shown potential against MAYV-induced disease in vivo, which might reduce long-term sequelae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Elias Marques
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory – LNBio, Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials – CNPEM, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jacqueline Farinha Shimizu
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory – LNBio, Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials – CNPEM, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maurício Lacerda Nogueira
- Faculdade de Medicina de São Jose do Rio Preto - FAMERP, São Jose do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
- University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Nikos Vasilakis
- University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, USA
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2
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Frolova EI, Palchevska O, Dominguez F, Frolov I. Alphavirus-induced transcriptional and translational shutoffs play major roles in blocking the formation of stress granules. J Virol 2023; 97:e0097923. [PMID: 37902397 PMCID: PMC10688339 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00979-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Our study highlights the mechanisms behind the cell's resistance to stress granule (SG) formation after infection with Old World alphaviruses. Shortly after infection, the replication of these viruses hinders the cell's ability to form SGs, even when exposed to chemical inducers such as sodium arsenite. This resistance is primarily attributed to virus-induced transcriptional and translational shutoffs, rather than interactions between the viral nsP3 and the key components of SGs, G3BP1/2, or the ADP-ribosylhydrolase activity of nsP3 macro domain. While interactions between G3BPs and nsP3 are essential for the formation of viral replication complexes, their role in regulating SG development appears to be small, if any. Cells harboring replicating viruses or replicons with lower abilities to inhibit transcription and/or translation, but expressing wild-type nsP3, retain the ability for SG development. Understanding these mechanisms of regulation of SG formation contributes to our knowledge of viral replication and the intricate relationships between alphaviruses and host cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena I. Frolova
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Oksana Palchevska
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Francisco Dominguez
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Ilya Frolov
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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3
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Ng WH, Liu X, Ling ZL, Santos CNO, Magalhães LS, Kueh AJ, Herold MJ, Taylor A, Freitas JR, Koit S, Wang S, Lloyd AR, Teixeira MM, Merits A, Almeida RP, King NJC, Mahalingam S. FHL1 promotes chikungunya and o'nyong-nyong virus infection and pathogenesis with implications for alphavirus vaccine design. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6605. [PMID: 37884534 PMCID: PMC10603155 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42330-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Arthritogenic alphaviruses are positive-strand RNA viruses that cause debilitating musculoskeletal diseases affecting millions worldwide. A recent discovery identified the four-and-a-half-LIM domain protein 1 splice variant A (FHL1A) as a crucial host factor interacting with the hypervariable domain (HVD) of chikungunya virus (CHIKV) nonstructural protein 3 (nsP3). Here, we show that acute and chronic chikungunya disease in humans correlates with elevated levels of FHL1. We generated FHL1-/- mice, which when infected with CHIKV or o'nyong-nyong virus (ONNV) displayed reduced arthritis and myositis, fewer immune infiltrates, and reduced proinflammatory cytokine/chemokine outputs, compared to infected wild-type (WT) mice. Interestingly, disease signs were comparable in FHL1-/- and WT mice infected with arthritogenic alphaviruses Ross River virus (RRV) or Mayaro virus (MAYV). This aligns with pull-down assay data, which showed the ability of CHIKV and ONNV nsP3 to interact with FHL1, while RRV and MAYV nsP3s did not. We engineered a CHIKV mutant unable to bind FHL1 (CHIKV-ΔFHL1), which was avirulent in vivo. Following inoculation with CHIKV-ΔFHL1, mice were protected from disease upon challenge with CHIKV and ONNV, and viraemia was significantly reduced in RRV- and MAYV-challenged mice. Targeting FHL1-binding as an approach to vaccine design could lead to breakthroughs in mitigating alphaviral disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wern Hann Ng
- Emerging Viruses, Inflammation and Therapeutics Group, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, 4222, Australia
- Global Virus Network (GVN) Centre of Excellence in Arboviruses, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Xiang Liu
- Emerging Viruses, Inflammation and Therapeutics Group, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, 4222, Australia
- Global Virus Network (GVN) Centre of Excellence in Arboviruses, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Zheng L Ling
- Viral Immunopathology Laboratory, Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Research Theme, Charles Perkins Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
- Sydney Institute for Infectious Diseases, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Camilla N O Santos
- Division of Immunology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, University Hospital/EBSERH, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), Aracaju, Brazil
| | - Lucas S Magalhães
- Division of Immunology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, University Hospital/EBSERH, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), Aracaju, Brazil
| | - Andrew J Kueh
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3050, Australia
| | - Marco J Herold
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3050, Australia
| | - Adam Taylor
- Emerging Viruses, Inflammation and Therapeutics Group, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, 4222, Australia
- Global Virus Network (GVN) Centre of Excellence in Arboviruses, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Joseph R Freitas
- Emerging Viruses, Inflammation and Therapeutics Group, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, 4222, Australia
- Global Virus Network (GVN) Centre of Excellence in Arboviruses, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Sandra Koit
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Sainan Wang
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Andrew R Lloyd
- Viral Immunology Systems Program, Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Mauro M Teixeira
- Instituto de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Andres Merits
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Roque P Almeida
- Division of Immunology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, University Hospital/EBSERH, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), Aracaju, Brazil
| | - Nicholas J C King
- Emerging Viruses, Inflammation and Therapeutics Group, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, 4222, Australia
- Viral Immunopathology Laboratory, Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Research Theme, Charles Perkins Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
- Sydney Institute for Infectious Diseases, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Suresh Mahalingam
- Emerging Viruses, Inflammation and Therapeutics Group, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, 4222, Australia.
- Global Virus Network (GVN) Centre of Excellence in Arboviruses, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia.
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia.
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Peng N, Zhang Y, Zhang X, Wu HY, Nakamura F. NAP1L1 is a novel microtubule-associated protein. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2023; 80:382-392. [PMID: 37098731 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
Microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) regulate assembly and stability of microtubules (MTs) during cell cytokinesis, cell migration, neuronal growth, axon guidance, and synapse formation. Using data mining of the Human Protein Atlas database and experimental screening, we identified nucleosome assembly protein 1 like 1 (NAP1L1) as a new MAP. The Human Protein Atlas and PubMed database screening identified 99 potential new MAPs. Twenty candidate proteins that highly co-localized with MTs were exogenously expressed with green fluorescent protein (GFP) or hemagglutinin (HA) tags in tissue culture cells and MTs were co-stained for immunofluorescent microscopy. We found that NAP1L1 is mainly localized in the cytosol with MTs during interphase. Using bacterially expressed recombinant NAP1L1 fragments and purified MTs, we biochemically mapped the MT-binding site on the N-terminal region (1-72aa) and the central region (164-269aa) of NAP1L1. NAP1L1 dimerizes through the long helix region (73-163aa), and full-length NAP1L1 induces the formation of thick MTs, indicating that NAP1L1 has the ability to bundle MTs in cells. Analysis of publicly available RNA-seq data of NAP1L1 depleted cells suggested that NAP1L1 is involved in cell adhesion and migration in agreement with the function of NAP1L1 as a MAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nannan Peng
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xinyue Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hui-Yuan Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Fumihiko Nakamura
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
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Yin P, Jian X, Liu Y, Liu Y, Lv L, Cui H, Zhang L. Elucidating cellular interactome of chikungunya virus identifies host dependency factors. Virol Sin 2023; 38:497-507. [PMID: 37182691 PMCID: PMC10436055 DOI: 10.1016/j.virs.2023.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a re-emerging mosquito-transmitted RNA virus causing joint and muscle pain. To better understand how CHIKV rewires the host cell and usurps host cell functions, we generated a systematic CHIKV-human protein-protein interaction map and revealed several novel connections that will inform further mechanistic studies. One of these novel interactions, between the viral protein E1 and STIP1 homology and U-box containing protein 1 (STUB1), was found to mediate ubiquitination of E1 and degrade E1 through the proteasome. Capsid associated with G3BP1, G3BP2 and AAA+ ATPase valosin-containing protein (VCP). Furthermore, VCP inhibitors blocked CHIKV infection, suggesting VCP could serve as a therapeutic target. Further work is required to fully understand the functional consequences of these interactions. Given that CHIKV proteins are conserved across alphaviruses, many virus-host protein-protein interactions identified in this study might also exist in other alphaviruses. Construction of interactome of CHIKV provides the basis for further studying the function of alphavirus biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiqi Yin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, 250013, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Xia Jian
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Yihan Liu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250117, China; Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250117, China
| | - Yuwen Liu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250117, China
| | - Lu Lv
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250117, China; Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250117, China
| | - Haoran Cui
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250117, China; Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250117, China
| | - Leiliang Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, 250013, China; Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250117, China; Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250117, China.
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6
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Palchevska O, Dominguez F, Frolova EI, Frolov I. Alphavirus-induced transcriptional and translational shutoffs play major roles in blocking the formation of stress granules. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.05.547824. [PMID: 37461699 PMCID: PMC10349968 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.05.547824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Alphavirus infections cause multiple alterations in the intracellular environment that can have both positive and negative effects on viral replication. The Old World alphaviruses, such as Sindbis (SINV), chikungunya (CHIKV), and Semliki Forest viruses, hinder the ability of vertebrate cells to form stress granules (SGs). Previously, this inhibitory function was attributed to the hypervariable domain (HVD) of nsP3, which sequesters the key components of SGs, G3BP1 and G3BP2, and to the nsP3 macro domain. The macro domain possesses ADP-ribosylhydrolase activity, which can diminish the ADP-ribosylation of G3BP1 during viral replication. However, our recent findings do not support the prevailing notions. We demonstrate that the interactions between SINV- or CHIKV-specific nsP3s and G3BPs, and the ADP-ribosylhydrolase activity are not major contributors to the inhibitory process, at least when nsP3 is expressed at biologically relevant levels. Instead, the primary factors responsible for suppressing SG formation are virus-induced transcriptional and translational shutoffs that rapidly develop within the first few hours post infection. Poorly replicating SINV variants carrying mutated nsP3 HVD still inhibit SG development even in the presence of NaAs. Conversely, SINV mutants lacking transcription and/or translation inhibitory functions lose their ability to inhibit SGs, despite expressing high levels of wt nsP3. Moreover, we found that stable cell lines expressing GFP-nsP3 fusions retain the capacity to form SGs when exposed to sodium arsenite. However, our results do not rule out a possibility that additional virus-induced changes in cell biology may contribute to the suppression of SG formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oksana Palchevska
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL, USA
| | | | - Elena I. Frolova
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Ilya Frolov
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL, USA
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7
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G3BP/Rin-Binding Motifs Inserted into Flexible Regions of nsP2 Support RNA Replication of Chikungunya Virus. J Virol 2022; 96:e0127822. [PMID: 36226983 PMCID: PMC9645214 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01278-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a mosquito-transmitted alphavirus. In infected cells, its positive-sense RNA genome is translated into polyproteins that are subsequently processed into four nonstructural proteins (nsP1 to 4), the virus-encoded subunits of the RNA replicase. However, for RNA replication, interactions between nsPs and host proteins are also needed. These interactions are mostly mediated through the intrinsically disordered C-terminal hypervariable domain (HVD) in nsP3. Duplicate FGDF motifs in the HVD are required for interaction with mammalian RasGAP SH3-binding proteins (G3BPs) and their mosquito homolog Rin; these interactions are crucial for CHIKV RNA replication. In this study, we inactivated G3BP/Rin-binding motifs in the HVD and inserted peptides containing either native or inactivated G3BP/Rin-binding motifs into flexible regions of nsP1, nsP2, or nsP4. Insertion of native motifs into nsP1 or nsP2 but not into the C terminus of nsP4 activated CHIKV RNA replication in human cells in a G3BP-dependent manner. In mosquito cells, activation also resulted from the insertion of inactive motifs after residue 8 or 466 in nsP2; however, the effect was significantly larger when the inserted sequence contained native motifs. Nonetheless, CHIKV mutants harboring mutations in the HVD and containing insertions of native motifs in nsP2 were not viable in mosquito cells. In contrast, mutant genomes containing native motifs after residue 466 or 618 in nsP2 replicated in BHK-21 cells, with the latter mutant forming infectious progeny. Thus, the binding of G3BPs to nsP2 can support CHIKV RNA replication and restore the infectivity of viruses lacking G3BP-binding motifs in the HVD of nsP3. IMPORTANCE CHIKV is a reemerging alphavirus that has spread throughout more than 60 countries and is the causative agent of chikungunya fever. No approved drugs or vaccines are available for the treatment or prevention of CHIKV infection. CHIKV replication depends on the ability of its replicase proteins to interact with host cell factors, and a better understanding of host cell factor roles in viral infection will increase our understanding of CHIKV RNA replication and provide new strategies for viral infection attenuation. Here, we demonstrate that the motifs required for the binding of host G3BP/Rin proteins remain functional when transferred from their natural location in nsP3 to different replicase proteins and may enable mutant viruses to complete a full replication cycle. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of interaction motifs for crucial host factors being successfully transferred from one replicase protein to another subunit of alphavirus replicase.
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Neyret A, Bernard E, Aïqui-Reboul-Paviet O, Bakhache W, Eldin P, Chaloin L, Briant L. Identification of a non-canonical G3BP-binding sequence in a Mayaro virus nsP3 hypervariable domain. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:958176. [PMID: 36034716 PMCID: PMC9403187 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.958176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ras-GTPase-activating SH3 domain-binding-proteins 1 (G3BP1) and 2 (G3BP2) are multifunctional RNA-binding proteins involved in stress granule nucleation, previously identified as essential cofactors of Old World alphaviruses. They are recruited to viral replication complexes formed by the Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), Semliki Forest virus (SFV), and Sindbis virus (SINV) via an interaction with a duplicated FGxF motif conserved in the hypervariable domain (HVD) of virus-encoded nsP3. According to mutagenesis studies, this FGxF duplication is strictly required for G3BP binding and optimal viral growth. Contrasting with this scenario, nsP3 encoded by Mayaro virus (MAYV), an arthritogenic virus grouped with Old World alphaviruses, contains a single canonical FGxF sequence. In light of this unusual feature, we questioned MAYV nsP3/G3BPs relationships. We report that G3BP1 and G3BP2 are both required for MAYV growth in human cells and bind nsP3 protein. In infected cells, they are recruited to nsP3-containing cytosolic foci and active replication complexes. Unexpectedly, deletion of the single FGxF sequence in MAYV nsP3 did not abolish these phenotypes. Using mutagenesis and in silico modeling, we identify an upstream FGAP amino acid sequence as an additional MAYV nsP3/G3BP interaction motif required for optimal viral infectivity. These results, therefore, highlight a non-conventional G3BP binding sequence in MAYV nsP3.
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Guo N, Zheng D, Sun J, Lv J, Wang S, Fang Y, Zhao Z, Zeng S, Guo Q, Tong J, Wang Z. NAP1L5 Promotes Nucleolar Hypertrophy and Is Required for Translation Activation During Cardiomyocyte Hypertrophy. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:791501. [PMID: 34977198 PMCID: PMC8718910 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.791501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathological growth of cardiomyocytes during hypertrophy is characterized by excess protein synthesis; however, the regulatory mechanism remains largely unknown. Using a neonatal rat ventricular myocytes (NRVMs) model, here we find that the expression of nucleosome assembly protein 1 like 5 (Nap1l5) is upregulated in phenylephrine (PE)-induced hypertrophy. Knockdown of Nap1l5 expression by siRNA significantly blocks cell size enlargement and pathological gene induction after PE treatment. In contrast, Adenovirus-mediated Nap1l5 overexpression significantly aggravates the pro-hypertrophic effects of PE on NRVMs. RNA-seq analysis reveals that Nap1l5 knockdown reverses the pro-hypertrophic transcriptome reprogramming after PE treatment. Whereas, immune response is dominantly enriched in the upregulated genes, oxidative phosphorylation, cardiac muscle contraction and ribosome-related pathways are remarkably enriched in the down-regulated genes. Although Nap1l5-mediated gene regulation is correlated with PRC2 and PRC1, Nap1l5 does not directly alter the levels of global histone methylations at K4, K9, K27 or K36. However, puromycin incorporation assay shows that Nap1l5 is both necessary and sufficient to promote protein synthesis in cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. This is attributable to a direct regulation of nucleolus hypertrophy and subsequent ribosome assembly. Our findings demonstrate a previously unrecognized role of Nap1l5 in translation control during cardiac hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningning Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Di Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiaxin Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jian Lv
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shun Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Fang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenyi Zhao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Health Science Center, School of Pharmacy, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Sai Zeng
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qiuxiao Guo
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jingjing Tong
- School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Jingjing Tong
| | - Zhihua Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Zhihua Wang
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Abstract
Alphaviruses are positive-strand RNA viruses, typically transmitted by mosquitoes between vertebrate hosts. They encode four essential replication proteins, the non-structural proteins nsP1-4, which possess the enzymatic activities of RNA capping, RNA helicase, site-specific protease, ADP-ribosyl removal and RNA polymerase. Alphaviruses have been key models in the study of membrane-associated RNA replication, which is a conserved feature among the positive-strand RNA viruses of animals and plants. We review new structural and functional information on the nsPs and their interaction with host proteins and membranes, as well as with viral RNA sequences. The dodecameric ring structure of nsP1 is likely to be one of the evolutionary innovations that facilitated the success of the progenitors of current positive-strand RNA viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tero Ahola
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Gerald McInerney
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andres Merits
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.
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Kang W, Wang Y, Yang W, Zhang J, Zheng H, Li D. Research Progress on the Structure and Function of G3BP. Front Immunol 2021; 12:718548. [PMID: 34526993 PMCID: PMC8435845 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.718548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Ras-GTPase-activating protein (SH3 domain)-binding protein (G3BP) is an RNA binding protein. G3BP is a key component of stress granules (SGs) and can interact with many host proteins to regulate the expression of SGs. As an antiviral factor, G3BP can interact with viral proteins to regulate the assembly of SGs and thus exert antiviral effects. However, many viruses can also use G3BP as a proximal factor and recruit translation initiation factors to promote viral proliferation. G3BP regulates mRNA translation and attenuation to regulate gene expression; therefore, it is closely related to diseases, such as cancer, embryonic death, arteriosclerosis, and neurodevelopmental disorders. This review discusses the important discoveries and developments related G3BP in the biological field over the past 20 years, which includes the formation of SGs, interaction with viruses, stability of RNA, and disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weifang Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology and OIE/National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology and OIE/National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Wenping Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology and OIE/National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology and OIE/National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Haixue Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology and OIE/National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Dan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology and OIE/National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
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