1
|
Alkan C, Brésard G, Frézal L, Richaud A, Ruaud A, Zhang G, Félix MA. Natural variation in infection specificity of Caenorhabditis briggsae isolates by two RNA viruses. PLoS Pathog 2024; 20:e1012259. [PMID: 38861582 PMCID: PMC11195985 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1012259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Antagonistic relationships such as host-virus interactions potentially lead to rapid evolution and specificity in interactions. The Orsay virus is so far the only horizontal virus naturally infecting the nematode C. elegans. In contrast, several related RNA viruses infect its congener C. briggsae, including Santeuil (SANTV) and Le Blanc (LEBV) viruses. Here we focus on the host's intraspecific variation in sensitivity to these two intestinal viruses. Many temperate-origin C. briggsae strains, including JU1264 and JU1498, are sensitive to both, while many tropical strains, such as AF16, are resistant to both. Interestingly, some C. briggsae strains exhibit a specific resistance, such as the HK104 strain, specifically resistant to LEBV. The viral sensitivity pattern matches the strains' geographic and genomic relationships. The heavily infected strains mount a seemingly normal small RNA response that is insufficient to suppress viral infection, while the resistant strains show no small RNA response, suggesting an early block in viral entry or replication. We use a genetic approach from the host side to map genomic regions participating in viral resistance polymorphisms. Using Advanced Intercrossed Recombinant Inbred Lines (RILs) between virus-resistant AF16 and SANTV-sensitive HK104, we detect Quantitative Trait Loci (QTLs) on chromosomes IV and III. Building RILs between virus-sensitive JU1498 and LEBV-resistant HK104 followed by bulk segregant analysis, we identify a chromosome II QTL. In both cases, further introgressions of the regions confirmed the QTLs. This diversity provides an avenue for studying virus entry, replication, and exit mechanisms, as well as host-virus specificity and the host response to a specific virus infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cigdem Alkan
- IBENS, Department of Biology, Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS, Inserm, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Gautier Brésard
- IBENS, Department of Biology, Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS, Inserm, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Lise Frézal
- IBENS, Department of Biology, Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS, Inserm, PSL Research University, Paris, France
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Unité des Bactéries pathogènes entériques Paris, Paris, France
| | - Aurélien Richaud
- IBENS, Department of Biology, Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS, Inserm, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Albane Ruaud
- IBENS, Department of Biology, Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS, Inserm, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Gaotian Zhang
- IBENS, Department of Biology, Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS, Inserm, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Anne Félix
- IBENS, Department of Biology, Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS, Inserm, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Liu L, Zhang Y, Yuan MD, Xiao DM, Xu WH, Zheng Q, Qin QW, Huang YH, Huang XH. Integrated multi-omics analysis reveals liver metabolic reprogramming by fish iridovirus and antiviral function of alpha-linolenic acid. Zool Res 2024; 45:520-534. [PMID: 38682434 PMCID: PMC11188608 DOI: 10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2024.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Iridovirus poses a substantial threat to global aquaculture due to its high mortality rate; however, the molecular mechanisms underpinning its pathogenesis are not well elucidated. Here, a multi-omics approach was applied to groupers infected with Singapore grouper iridovirus (SGIV), focusing on the roles of key metabolites. Results showed that SGIV induced obvious histopathological damage and changes in metabolic enzymes within the liver. Furthermore, SGIV significantly reduced the contents of lipid droplets, triglycerides, cholesterol, and lipoproteins. Metabolomic analysis indicated that the altered metabolites were enriched in 19 pathways, with a notable down-regulation of lipid metabolites such as glycerophosphates and alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), consistent with disturbed lipid homeostasis in the liver. Integration of transcriptomic and metabolomic data revealed that the top enriched pathways were related to cell growth and death and nucleotide, carbohydrate, amino acid, and lipid metabolism, supporting the conclusion that SGIV infection induced liver metabolic reprogramming. Further integrative transcriptomic and proteomic analysis indicated that SGIV infection activated crucial molecular events in a phagosome-immune depression-metabolism dysregulation-necrosis signaling cascade. Of note, integrative multi-omics analysis demonstrated the consumption of ALA and linoleic acid (LA) metabolites, and the accumulation of L-glutamic acid (GA), accompanied by alterations in immune, inflammation, and cell death-related genes. Further experimental data showed that ALA, but not GA, suppressed SGIV replication by activating antioxidant and anti-inflammatory responses in the host. Collectively, these findings provide a comprehensive resource for understanding host response dynamics during fish iridovirus infection and highlight the antiviral potential of ALA in the prevention and treatment of iridoviral diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Liu
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Ya Zhang
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
- Nansha-South China Agricultural University Fishery Research Institute, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511464, China
| | - Meng-Di Yuan
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Dong-Miao Xiao
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Wei-Hua Xu
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Qi Zheng
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Qi-Wei Qin
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
- Nansha-South China Agricultural University Fishery Research Institute, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511464, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519082, China. E-mail:
| | - You-Hua Huang
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
- Nansha-South China Agricultural University Fishery Research Institute, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511464, China. E-mail:
| | - Xiao-Hong Huang
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
- Nansha-South China Agricultural University Fishery Research Institute, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511464, China. E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
González R, Félix MA. Caenorhabditis elegans immune responses to microsporidia and viruses. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 154:105148. [PMID: 38325500 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2024.105148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
The model organism Caenorhabditis elegans is susceptible to infection by obligate intracellular pathogens, specifically microsporidia and viruses. These intracellular pathogens infect intestinal cells, or, for some microsporidia, epidermal cells. Strikingly, intestinal cell infections by viruses or microsporidia trigger a common transcriptional response, activated in part by the ZIP-1 transcription factor. Among the strongest activated genes in this response are ubiquitin-pathway members and members of the pals family, an intriguing gene family with cross-regulations of different members of genomic clusters. Some of the induced genes participate in host defense against the pathogens, for example through ubiquitin-mediated inhibition. Other mechanisms defend the host specifically against viral infections, including antiviral RNA interference and uridylation. These various immune responses are altered by environmental factors and by intraspecific genetic variation of the host. These pathogens were first isolated 15 years ago and much remains to be discovered using C. elegans genetics; also, other intracellular pathogens of C. elegans may yet to be discovered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rubén González
- Institut de Biologie de l'École Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, 75005, Paris, France.
| | - Marie-Anne Félix
- Institut de Biologie de l'École Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, 75005, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
González R, Félix MA. Caenorhabditis elegans defective-pharynx and constipated mutants are resistant to Orsay virus infection. MICROPUBLICATION BIOLOGY 2024; 2024:10.17912/micropub.biology.001166. [PMID: 38590801 PMCID: PMC10999980 DOI: 10.17912/micropub.biology.001166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
C. elegans animals with a compromised pharynx accumulate bacteria in their intestinal lumen and activate a transcriptional response that includes anti-bacterial response genes. In this study, we demonstrate that animals with defective pharynxes are resistant to Orsay virus (OrV) infection. This resistance is observed for animals grown on Escherichia coli OP50 and on Comamonas BIGb0172, a bacterium naturally associated with C. elegans . The viral resistance observed in defective-pharynx mutants does not seem to result from constitutive transcriptional immune responses against viruses. OrV resistance is also observed in mutants with defective defecation, which share with the pharynx-defective perturbations in the regulation of their intestinal contents and altered lipid metabolism. The underlying mechanisms of viral resistance in pharynx- and defecation-defective mutants remain elusive.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rubén González
- Institut de Biologie de l’École Normale Supérieure-CNRS-INSERM, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Marie-Anne Félix
- Institut de Biologie de l’École Normale Supérieure-CNRS-INSERM, 75005 Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|