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Moezpoor MR, Stevenson M. Help or Hinder: Protein Host Factors That Impact HIV-1 Replication. Viruses 2024; 16:1281. [PMID: 39205255 PMCID: PMC11360189 DOI: 10.3390/v16081281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2024] [Revised: 08/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Interactions between human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and the host factors or restriction factors of its target cells determine the cell's susceptibility to, and outcome of, infection. Factors intrinsic to the cell are involved at every step of the HIV-1 replication cycle, contributing to productive infection and replication, or severely attenuating the chances of success. Furthermore, factors unique to certain cell types contribute to the differences in infection between these cell types. Understanding the involvement of these factors in HIV-1 infection is a key requirement for the development of anti-HIV-1 therapies. As the list of factors grows, and the dynamic interactions between these factors and the virus are elucidated, comprehensive and up-to-date summaries that recount the knowledge gathered after decades of research are beneficial to the field, displaying what is known so that researchers can build off the groundwork of others to investigate what is unknown. Herein, we aim to provide a review focusing on protein host factors, both well-known and relatively new, that impact HIV-1 replication in a positive or negative manner at each stage of the replication cycle, highlighting factors unique to the various HIV-1 target cell types where appropriate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Rameen Moezpoor
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Mario Stevenson
- Raymond F. Schinazi and Family Endowed Chair in Biomedicine; Professor of Medicine; Director, Institute of AIDS and Emerging Infectious Diseases; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Life Science Technology Park, 1951 NW 7th Avenue, Room 2331B, Suite 200, Miami, FL 33136, USA;
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Yaseen MM, Abuharfeil NM, Darmani H. The Role of p53 in HIV Infection. Curr HIV/AIDS Rep 2023; 20:419-427. [PMID: 38010468 DOI: 10.1007/s11904-023-00684-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review aims to elucidate the multifaceted role of the tumor suppressor protein p53 in the context of HIV infection. We explore how p53, a pivotal regulator of cellular processes, interacts with various facets of the HIV life cycle. Understanding these interactions could provide valuable insights into potential therapeutic interventions and the broader implications of p53 in viral infections. RECENT FINDINGS Recent research has unveiled a complex interplay between p53 and HIV. Several reports have highlighted the involvement of p53 in restricting the replication of HIV within both immune and nonimmune cells. Various mechanisms have been suggested to unveil how p53 enforces this restriction on HIV replication. However, HIV has developed strategies to manipulate p53, benefiting its replication and evading host defenses. In summary, p53 plays a multifaceted role in HIV infection, impacting viral replication and disease progression. Recent findings underscore the importance of understanding the intricate interactions between p53 and HIV for the development of innovative therapeutic approaches. Manipulating p53 pathways may offer potential avenues to suppress viral replication and ameliorate immune dysfunction, ultimately contributing to the management of HIV/AIDS. Further research is warranted to fully exploit the therapeutic potential of p53 in the context of HIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Mohammad Yaseen
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Science and Arts, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 3030, Irbid, 22110, Jordan.
| | - Nizar Mohammad Abuharfeil
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Science and Arts, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 3030, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
| | - Homa Darmani
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Science and Arts, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 3030, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
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Sharifi HJ, Paine DN, Fazzari VA, Tipple AF, Patterson E, de Noronha CMC. Sulforaphane Reduces SAMHD1 Phosphorylation To Protect Macrophages from HIV-1 Infection. J Virol 2022; 96:e0118722. [PMID: 36377871 PMCID: PMC9749475 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01187-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The cellular protein SAMHD1 is important for DNA repair, suppressing LINE elements, controlling deoxynucleoside triphosphate (dNTP) concentrations, maintaining HIV-1 latency, and preventing excessive type I interferon responses. SAMHD1 is also a potent inhibitor of HIV-1 and other significant viral pathogens. Infection restriction is due in part to the deoxynucleoside triphosphatase (dNTPase) activity of SAMHD1 but is also mediated through a dNTPase-independent mechanism that has been described but not explored. The phosphorylation of SAMHD1 at threonine 592 (T592) controls many of its functions. Retroviral restriction, irrespective of dNTPase activity, is linked to unphosphorylated T592. Sulforaphane (SFN), an isothiocyanate, protects macrophages from HIV infection by mobilizing the transcription factor and antioxidant response regulator Nrf2. Here, we show that SFN and other clinically relevant Nrf2 mobilizers reduce SAMHD1 T592 phosphorylation to protect macrophages from HIV-1. We further show that SFN, through Nrf2, triggers the upregulation of the cell cycle control protein p21 in human monocyte-derived macrophages to contribute to SAMHD1 activation. We additionally present data that support another, potentially redox-dependent mechanism employed by SFN to contribute to SAMHD1 activation through reduced phosphorylation. This work establishes the use of exogenous Nrf2 mobilizers as a novel way to study virus restriction by SAMHD1 and highlights the Nrf2 pathway as a potential target for the therapeutic control of SAMHD1 cellular and antiviral functions. IMPORTANCE Here, we show, for the first time, that the treatment of macrophages with Nrf2 mobilizers, known activators of antioxidant responses, increases the fraction of SAMHD1 without a regulatory phosphate at position 592. We demonstrate that this decreases infection of macrophages by HIV-1. Phosphorylated SAMHD1 is important for DNA repair, the suppression of LINE elements, the maintenance of HIV-1 in a latent state, and the prevention of excessive type I interferon responses, while unphosphorylated SAMHD1 blocks HIV infection. SAMHD1 impacts many viruses and is involved in various cancers, so knowledge of how it works and how it is regulated has broad implications for the development of therapeutics. Redox-modulating therapeutics are already in clinical use or under investigation for the treatment of many conditions. Thus, understanding the impact of redox modifiers on controlling SAMHD1 phosphorylation is important for many areas of research in microbiology and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. John Sharifi
- Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Dakota N. Paine
- Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Albany, New York, USA
| | | | | | - Emilee Patterson
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Disease, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Carlos M. C. de Noronha
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Disease, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, USA
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4
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Zhou L, Cheng A, Wang M, Wu Y, Yang Q, Tian B, Ou X, Sun D, Zhang S, Mao S, Zhao XX, Huang J, Gao Q, Zhu D, Jia R, Liu M, Chen S. Mechanism of herpesvirus protein kinase UL13 in immune escape and viral replication. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1088690. [PMID: 36531988 PMCID: PMC9749954 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1088690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Upon infection, the herpes viruses create a cellular environment suitable for survival, but innate immunity plays a vital role in cellular resistance to viral infection. The UL13 protein of herpesviruses is conserved among all herpesviruses and is a serine/threonine protein kinase, which plays a vital role in escaping innate immunity and promoting viral replication. On the one hand, it can target various immune signaling pathways in vivo, such as the cGAS-STING pathway and the NF-κB pathway. On the other hand, it phosphorylates regulatory many cellular and viral proteins for promoting the lytic cycle. This paper reviews the research progress of the conserved herpesvirus protein kinase UL13 in immune escape and viral replication to provide a basis for elucidating the pathogenic mechanism of herpesviruses, as well as providing insights into the potential means of immune escape and viral replication of other herpesviruses that have not yet resolved the function of it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhou
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Anchun Cheng
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Mingshu Wang
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China,*Correspondence: Mingshu Wang,
| | - Ying Wu
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qiao Yang
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Bin Tian
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xumin Ou
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Di Sun
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shaqiu Zhang
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Sai Mao
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xin-Xin Zhao
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Juan Huang
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qun Gao
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Dekang Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Renyong Jia
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Mafeng Liu
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shun Chen
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Pagani I, Demela P, Ghezzi S, Vicenzi E, Pizzato M, Poli G. Host Restriction Factors Modulating HIV Latency and Replication in Macrophages. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063021. [PMID: 35328442 PMCID: PMC8951319 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to CD4+ T lymphocytes, myeloid cells and, particularly, differentiated macrophages are targets of human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) infection via the interaction of gp120Env with CD4 and CCR5 or CXCR4. Both T cells and macrophages support virus replication, although with substantial differences. In contrast to activated CD4+ T lymphocytes, HIV-1 replication in macrophages occurs in nondividing cells and it is characterized by the virtual absence of cytopathicity both in vitro and in vivo. These general features should be considered in evaluating the role of cell-associated restriction factors aiming at preventing or curtailing virus replication in macrophages and T cells, particularly in the context of designing strategies to tackle the viral reservoir in infected individuals receiving combination antiretroviral therapy. In this regard, we will here also discuss a model of reversible HIV-1 latency in primary human macrophages and the role of host factors determining the restriction or reactivation of virus replication in these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Pagani
- Viral Pathogenesis and Biosafety Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina n. 58, 20132 Milano, Italy; (I.P.); (S.G.); (E.V.)
| | - Pietro Demela
- Human Immuno-Virology Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina n. 58, 20132 Milano, Italy;
| | - Silvia Ghezzi
- Viral Pathogenesis and Biosafety Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina n. 58, 20132 Milano, Italy; (I.P.); (S.G.); (E.V.)
| | - Elisa Vicenzi
- Viral Pathogenesis and Biosafety Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina n. 58, 20132 Milano, Italy; (I.P.); (S.G.); (E.V.)
| | - Massimo Pizzato
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology, University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy;
| | - Guido Poli
- Human Immuno-Virology Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina n. 58, 20132 Milano, Italy;
- School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Via Olgettina n. 58, 20132 Milano, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-02-2643-4909
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Jabrane-Ferrat N, El Costa H. Decidua Basalis: An Ex Vivo Model to Study HIV-1 Infection During Pregnancy and Beyond. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2407:205-213. [PMID: 34985667 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1871-4_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The human decidua basalis, main uterine mucosa during pregnancy, provides an ex vivo model for studying natural protection of macrophages against HIV-1 infection at the mucosal level. Beyond pregnancy, the decidua constitutes also a valuable tool to assess tissue-resident macrophage infection. Here, we provide a detailed protocol for decidual macrophage purification and tissue infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabila Jabrane-Ferrat
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (Infinity), INSERM-CNRS-University Toulouse III, Toulouse, France.
| | - Hicham El Costa
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (Infinity), INSERM-CNRS-University Toulouse III, Toulouse, France.
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Abstract
Antiretroviral therapies efficiently block HIV-1 replication but need to be maintained for life. Moreover, chronic inflammation is a hallmark of HIV-1 infection that persists despite treatment. There is, therefore, an urgent need to better understand the mechanisms driving HIV-1 pathogenesis and to identify new targets for therapeutic intervention. In the past few years, the decisive role of cellular metabolism in the fate and activity of immune cells has been uncovered, as well as its impact on the outcome of infectious diseases. Emerging evidence suggests that immunometabolism has a key role in HIV-1 pathogenesis. The metabolic pathways of CD4+ T cells and macrophages determine their susceptibility to infection, the persistence of infected cells and the establishment of latency. Immunometabolism also shapes immune responses against HIV-1, and cell metabolic products are key drivers of inflammation during infection. In this Review, we summarize current knowledge of the links between HIV-1 infection and immunometabolism, and we discuss the potential opportunities and challenges for therapeutic interventions.
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de Azevedo SSD, Ribeiro-Alves M, Côrtes FH, Delatorre E, Spangenberg L, Naya H, Seito LN, Hoagland B, Grinsztejn B, Veloso VG, Morgado MG, Souza TML, Bello G. Increased expression of CDKN1A/p21 in HIV-1 controllers is correlated with upregulation of ZC3H12A/MCPIP1. Retrovirology 2020; 17:18. [PMID: 32615986 PMCID: PMC7333275 DOI: 10.1186/s12977-020-00522-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some multifunctional cellular proteins, as the monocyte chemotactic protein-induced protein 1 (ZC3H12A/MCPIP1) and the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor CDKN1A/p21, are able to modulate the cellular susceptibility to the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). Several studies showed that CDKN1A/p21 is expressed at high levels ex vivo in cells from individuals who naturally control HIV-1 replication (HIC) and a recent study supports a coordinate regulation of ZC3H12A/MCPIP1 and CDKN1A/p21 transcripts in a model of renal carcinoma cells. Here, we explored the potential associations between mRNA expression of ZC3H12A/MCPIP1 and CDKN1A/p21 in HIC sustaining undetectable (elite controllers-EC) or low (viremic controllers-VC) viral loads. RESULTS We found a selective upregulation of ZC3H12A/MCPIP1 and CDKN1A/p21 mRNA levels in PBMC from HIC compared with both ART-suppressed and HIV-negative control groups (P≤ 0.02) and higher MCPIP1 and p21 proteins levels in HIC than in HIV-1 negative subjects. There was a moderate positive correlation (r ≥ 0.57; P ≤ 0.014) between expressions of both transcripts in HIC and in HIC combined with control groups. We found positive correlations between the mRNA level of CDKN1A/p21 with activated CD4+ T cells levels in HIC (r ≥ 0.53; P ≤ 0.017) and between the mRNA levels of both CDKN1A/p21 (r = 0.74; P = 0.005) and ZC3H12A/MCPIP1 (r = 0.58; P = 0.040) with plasmatic levels of sCD14 in EC. Reanalysis of published transcriptomic data confirmed the positive association between ZC3H12A/MCPIP1 and CDKN1A/p21 mRNA levels in CD4+ T cells and monocytes from disparate cohorts of HIC and other HIV-positive control groups. CONCLUSIONS These data show for the first time the simultaneous upregulation of ZC3H12A/MCPIP1 and CDKN1A/p21 transcripts in the setting of natural suppression of HIV-1 replication in vivo and the positive correlation of the expression of these cellular factors in disparate cohorts of HIV-positive individuals. The existence of a common regulatory pathway connecting ZC3H12A/MCPIP1 and CDKN1A/p21 could have a synergistic effect on HIV-1 replication control and pharmacological manipulation of these multifunctional host factors may open novel therapeutic perspectives to prevent HIV-1 replication and disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suwellen S. D. de Azevedo
- Laboratório de AIDS & Imunologia Molecular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz–IOC, FIOCRUZ, Av. Brasil 4365, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21045-900 Brazil
| | - Marcelo Ribeiro-Alves
- Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica em DST-AIDS, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas-INI, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fernanda H. Côrtes
- Laboratório de AIDS & Imunologia Molecular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz–IOC, FIOCRUZ, Av. Brasil 4365, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21045-900 Brazil
| | - Edson Delatorre
- Departamento de Biologia, Centro de Ciências Exatas, Naturais e da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Alegre, Brazil
| | - Lucia Spangenberg
- Unidad de Bioinformática, Institut Pasteur Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Departamento de Informática y Ciencias de la Computación, Facultad de Ingeniería y Tecnologías, Universidad Católica del Uruguay, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Hugo Naya
- Unidad de Bioinformática, Institut Pasteur Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Departamento de Producción Animal y Pasturas, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Leonardo N. Seito
- Laboratório de Farmacologia Aplicada, Instituto de Tecnologia em Fármacos–Farmanguinhos FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Brenda Hoagland
- Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica em DST-AIDS, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas-INI, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Grinsztejn
- Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica em DST-AIDS, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas-INI, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Valdilea G. Veloso
- Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica em DST-AIDS, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas-INI, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Mariza G. Morgado
- Laboratório de AIDS & Imunologia Molecular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz–IOC, FIOCRUZ, Av. Brasil 4365, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21045-900 Brazil
| | - Thiago Moreno L. Souza
- National Institute for Science and Technology on Innovation on Diseases of Neglected Populations (INCT/IDPN), FIOCRUZ, Center for Technological Development in Health-CDTS, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz–IOC, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gonzalo Bello
- Laboratório de AIDS & Imunologia Molecular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz–IOC, FIOCRUZ, Av. Brasil 4365, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21045-900 Brazil
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Mikhailova A, Valle-Casuso JC, David A, Monceaux V, Volant S, Passaes C, Elfidha A, Müller-Trutwin M, Poyet JL, Sáez-Cirión A. Antiapoptotic Clone 11-Derived Peptides Induce In Vitro Death of CD4 + T Cells Susceptible to HIV-1 Infection. J Virol 2020; 94:e00611-20. [PMID: 32350074 PMCID: PMC7343195 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00611-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
HIV-1 successfully establishes long-term infection in its target cells despite viral cytotoxic effects. We have recently shown that cell metabolism is an important factor driving CD4+ T cell susceptibility to HIV-1 and the survival of infected cells. We show here that expression of antiapoptotic clone 11 (AAC-11), an antiapoptotic factor upregulated in many cancers, increased with progressive CD4+ T cell memory differentiation in association with the expression of cell cycle, activation, and metabolism genes and was correlated with susceptibility to HIV-1 infection. Synthetic peptides based on the LZ domain sequence of AAC-11, responsible for its interaction with molecular partners, were previously shown to be cytotoxic to cancer cells. Here, we observed that these peptides also blocked HIV-1 infection by inducing the death of HIV-1-susceptible primary CD4+ T cells across all T cell subsets. The peptides targeted metabolically active cells and had the greatest effect on effector and transitional CD4+ T cell memory subsets. Our results suggest that the AAC-11 survival pathway is potentially involved in the survival of HIV-1-infectible cells and provide proof of principle that some cellular characteristics can be targeted to eliminate the cells offering the best conditions to sustain HIV-1 replication.IMPORTANCE Although antiretroviral treatment efficiently blocks HIV multiplication, it cannot eliminate cells already carrying integrated proviruses. In the search for an HIV cure, the identification of new potential targets to selectively eliminate infected cells is of the outmost importance. We show here that peptides derived from antiapoptotic clone 11 (AAC-11), whose expression levels correlated with susceptibility to HIV-1 infection of CD4+ T cells, induced cytotoxicity in CD4+ T cells showing the highest levels of activation and metabolic activity, conditions known to favor HIV-1 infection. Accordingly, CD4+ T cells that survived the cytotoxic action of the AAC-11 peptides were resistant to HIV-1 replication. Our results identify a new potential molecular pathway to target HIV-1 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastassia Mikhailova
- Institut Pasteur, Unité HIV Inflammation et Persistance, Paris, France
- Université Paris Diderot, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | | | - Annie David
- Institut Pasteur, Unité HIV Inflammation et Persistance, Paris, France
| | - Valérie Monceaux
- Institut Pasteur, Unité HIV Inflammation et Persistance, Paris, France
| | - Stevenn Volant
- Institut Pasteur, Hub Bioinformatique et Biostatistique, C3BI, USR 3756 IP CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Caroline Passaes
- Institut Pasteur, Unité HIV Inflammation et Persistance, Paris, France
| | - Amal Elfidha
- Institut Pasteur, Unité HIV Inflammation et Persistance, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | | | - Jean-Luc Poyet
- INSERM UMRS976, Institut de Recherche Saint Louis, Hôpital Saint Louis, Paris, France
| | - Asier Sáez-Cirión
- Institut Pasteur, Unité HIV Inflammation et Persistance, Paris, France
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10
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Mlcochova P, Winstone H, Zuliani-Alvarez L, Gupta RK. TLR4-Mediated Pathway Triggers Interferon-Independent G0 Arrest and Antiviral SAMHD1 Activity in Macrophages. Cell Rep 2020; 30:3972-3980.e5. [PMID: 32209460 PMCID: PMC7109521 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages exist predominantly in two distinct states, G0 and a G1-like state that is accompanied by phosphorylation of SAMHD1 at T592. Here, we demonstrate that Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) activation can potently induce G0 arrest and SAMHD1 antiretroviral activity by an interferon (IFN)-independent pathway. This pathway requires TLR4 engagement with TRIF, but not involvement of TBK1 or IRF3. Exclusive Myd88 activators are unable to trigger G0 arrest or SAMHD1 dephosphorylation, demonstrating this arrest is also Myd88/nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) independent. The G0 arrest is accompanied by p21 upregulation and CDK1 depletion, consistent with the observed SAMHD1 dephosphorylation at T592. Furthermore, we show by SAMHD1 knockdown that the TLR4-activated pathway potently blocks HIV-1 infection in macrophages specifically via SAMHD1. Together, these data demonstrate that macrophages can mobilize an intrinsic cell arrest and anti-viral state by activating TLR4 prior to IFN secretion, thereby highlighting the importance of cell-cycle regulation as a response to pathogen-associated danger signals in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Mlcochova
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | - Ravindra K Gupta
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, KwaZulu Natal, South Africa.
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11
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Zhang Z, Zheng L, Yu Y, Wu J, Yang F, Xu Y, Guo Q, Wu X, Cao S, Cao L, Song X. Involvement of SAMHD1 in dNTP homeostasis and the maintenance of genomic integrity and oncotherapy (Review). Int J Oncol 2020; 56:879-888. [PMID: 32319570 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2020.4988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Sterile alpha motif and histidine/aspartic acid domain‑containing protein 1 (SAMHD1), the only deoxynucleotide triphosphate (dNTP) hydrolase in eukaryotes, plays a crucial role in regulating the dynamic balance and ratio of cellular dNTP pools. Furthermore, SAMHD1 has been reported to be involved in the pathological process of several diseases. Homozygous SAMHD1 mutations have been identified in immune system disorders, such as autoimmune disease Aicardi‑Goutières syndrome (AGS), whose primary pathogenesis is associated with the abnormal accumulation and disproportion of dNTPs. SAMHD1 is also considered to be an intrinsic virus‑restriction factor by suppressing the viral infection process, including reverse transcription, replication, packaging and transmission. In addition, SAMHD1 has been shown to promote genome integrity during homologous recombination following DNA damage, thus being considered a promising candidate for oncotherapy applications. The present review summarizes the molecular mechanisms of SAMHD1 regarding the regulation of dNTP homeostasis and DNA damage response. Additionally, its potential effects on tumorigenesis and oncotherapy are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Zhang
- College of Basic Medical Science, Institute of Translational Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, P.R. China
| | - Lixia Zheng
- College of Basic Medical Science, Institute of Translational Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, P.R. China
| | - Yang Yu
- College of Basic Medical Science, Institute of Translational Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, P.R. China
| | - Jinying Wu
- College of Basic Medical Science, Institute of Translational Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, P.R. China
| | - Fan Yang
- College of Basic Medical Science, Institute of Translational Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, P.R. China
| | - Yingxi Xu
- College of Basic Medical Science, Institute of Translational Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, P.R. China
| | - Qiqiang Guo
- College of Basic Medical Science, Institute of Translational Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, P.R. China
| | - Xuan Wu
- College of Basic Medical Science, Institute of Translational Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, P.R. China
| | - Sunrun Cao
- College of Basic Medical Science, Institute of Translational Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, P.R. China
| | - Liu Cao
- College of Basic Medical Science, Institute of Translational Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Song
- College of Basic Medical Science, Institute of Translational Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, P.R. China
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12
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HIV-2 Depletes CD4 T Cells through Pyroptosis despite Vpx-Dependent Degradation of SAMHD1. J Virol 2019; 93:JVI.00666-19. [PMID: 31578293 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00666-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV-2) infection results in a milder course of disease and slower progression to AIDS than does HIV-1. We hypothesized that this difference may be due to degradation of the sterile alpha motif and HD domain 1 (SAMHD1) host restriction factor by the HIV-2 Vpx gene product, thereby diminishing abortive infection and pyroptotic cell death within bystander CD4 T cells. We have compared CD4 T cell death in tonsil-derived human lymphoid aggregate cultures (HLACs) infected with wild-type HIV-2, HIV-2 ΔVpx, or HIV-1. In contrast to our hypothesis, HIV-2, HIV-2 ΔVpx, and HIV-1 induced similar levels of bystander CD4 T cell death. In all cases, cell death was blocked by AMD3100, a CXCR4 entry inhibitor, but not by raltegravir, an integrase, indicating that only early life cycle events were required. Cell death was also blocked by a caspase-1 inhibitor, a key enzyme promoting pyroptosis, but not by a caspase-3 inhibitor, an important enzyme in apoptosis. HIV-1-induced abortive infection and pyroptotic cell death were also not reduced by forced encapsidation of HIV-2 Vpx into HIV-1 virions. Together, these findings indicate that HIV-2 and HIV-1 support similar levels of CD4 T cell depletion in vitro despite HIV-2 Vpx-mediated degradation of the SAMHD1 transcription factor. The milder disease course observed with HIV-2 infection likely stems from factors other than abortive infection and caspase-1-dependent pyroptosis in bystander CD4 T cells.IMPORTANCE CD4 T cell depletion during HIV-1 infection involves the demise of bystander CD4 T cells due to abortive infection, viral DNA sensing, inflammasome assembly, and death by caspase-1-dependent pyroptosis. HIV-2 infection is associated with milder disease and lower rates of CD4 T cell loss. We hypothesized that HIV-2 infection produces lower levels of pyroptosis due to the action of its Vpx gene product. Vpx degrades the SAMHD1 restriction factor, potentially reducing abortive forms of infection. However, in tonsil cell cultures, HIV-2, HIV-2 ΔVpx, and HIV-1 induced indistinguishable levels of pyroptosis. Forced encapsidation of Vpx into HIV-1 virions also did not reduce pyroptosis. Thus, SAMHD1 does not appear to play a key role in the induction of bystander cell pyroptosis. Additionally, the milder clinical course of HIV-2-induced disease is apparently not explained by a decrease in this inflammatory form of programmed cell death.
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Martín-Moreno A, Muñoz-Fernández MA. Dendritic Cells, the Double Agent in the War Against HIV-1. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2485. [PMID: 31708924 PMCID: PMC6820366 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infects cells from the immune system and has thus developed tools to circumvent the host immunity and use it in its advance. Dendritic cells (DCs) are the first immune cells to encounter the HIV, and being the main antigen (Ag) presenting cells, they link the innate and the adaptive immune responses. While DCs work to promote an efficient immune response and halt the infection, HIV-1 has ways to take advantage of their role and uses DCs to gain faster and more efficient access to CD4+ T cells. Due to their ability to activate a specific immune response, DCs are promising candidates to achieve the functional cure of HIV-1 infection, but knowing the molecular partakers that determine the relationship between virus and cell is the key for the rational and successful design of a DC-based therapy. In this review, we summarize the current state of knowledge on how both DC subsets (myeloid and plasmacytoid DCs) act in presence of HIV-1, and focus on different pathways that the virus can take after binding to DC. First, we explore the consequences of HIV-1 recognition by each receptor on DCs, including CD4 and DC-SIGN. Second, we look at cellular mechanisms that prevent productive infection and weapons that turn cellular defense into a Trojan horse that hides the virus all the way to T cell. Finally, we discuss the possible outcomes of DC-T cell contact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Martín-Moreno
- Sección de Inmunología, Laboratorio InmunoBiología Molecular, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón (HGUGM), Madrid, Spain.,Instituto Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mª Angeles Muñoz-Fernández
- Sección de Inmunología, Laboratorio InmunoBiología Molecular, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón (HGUGM), Madrid, Spain.,Instituto Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain.,Spanish HIV-HGM BioBank, Madrid, Spain.,Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER BBN), Madrid, Spain
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14
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Abstract
HIV-1 has evolved many strategies to circumvent the host’s antiviral innate immune responses and establishes disseminated infection; the molecular mechanisms of these strategies are not entirely clear. We showed previously that USP18 contributes to HIV-1 replication by abrogating p21 antiviral function. Here, we demonstrate a mechanism by which USP18 mediates p21 downregulation in myeloid cells. USP18, by its protease activity, accumulates misfolded p53, which requires ISG15 for clearance. Depletion of ISG15 causes accumulation of misfolded dominant negative p53, which supports HIV-1 replication. This work clarifies the function and consequences of p53 modification by ISG15 and implicates USP18 in HIV-1 infection and potentially in carcinogenesis. Macrophages and dendritic cells dominate early immune responses to lentiviruses. HIV-1 sensing by pathogen recognition receptors induces signaling cascades that culminate in type I alpha/beta interferon (IFN-α/β) induction. IFN-α/β signals back via the IFN-α/β receptors, inducing a plethora of IFN-stimulated gene (ISGs), including ISG15, p53, and p21Cip1. p21 inhibits HIV-1 replication by inactivating the deoxynucleoside triphosphate (dNTP) biosynthesis pathway and activating the restriction factor SAMHD1. p21 is induced by functional p53. ISG15-specific isopeptidase USP18 negatively regulates IFN signaling. We showed previously that USP18 contributes to HIV-1 replication by abrogating p21 antiviral function. Here, we demonstrate a mechanism by which USP18 mediates p21 downregulation in myeloid cells. USP18, by its protease activity, accumulates misfolded p53, which requires ISG15 for its degradation. Depletion of ISG15 causes accumulation of misfolded dominant negative p53, which enhances HIV-1 replication. This work clarifies the function and consequences of p53 modification by ISG15 and implicates USP18 in HIV-1 infection and potentially in carcinogenesis.
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15
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Interplay between Intrinsic and Innate Immunity during HIV Infection. Cells 2019; 8:cells8080922. [PMID: 31426525 PMCID: PMC6721663 DOI: 10.3390/cells8080922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Restriction factors are antiviral components of intrinsic immunity which constitute a first line of defense by blocking different steps of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) replication cycle. In immune cells, HIV infection is also sensed by several pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), leading to type I interferon (IFN-I) and inflammatory cytokines production that upregulate antiviral interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs). Several studies suggest a link between these two types of immunity. Indeed, restriction factors, that are generally interferon-inducible, are able to modulate immune responses. This review highlights recent knowledge of the interplay between restriction factors and immunity inducing antiviral defenses. Counteraction of this intrinsic and innate immunity by HIV viral proteins will also be discussed.
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16
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López-Huertas MR, Morín M, Madrid-Elena N, Gutiérrez C, Jiménez-Tormo L, Santoyo J, Sanz-Rodríguez F, Moreno Pelayo MÁ, Bermejo LG, Moreno S. Selective miRNA Modulation Fails to Activate HIV Replication in In Vitro Latency Models. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2019; 17:323-336. [PMID: 31288207 PMCID: PMC6614709 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2019.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 06/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
HIV remains incurable because of viral persistence in latent reservoirs that are inaccessible to antiretroviral therapy. A potential curative strategy is to reactivate viral gene expression in latently infected cells. However, no drug so far has proven to be successful in vivo in reducing the reservoir, and therefore new anti-latency compounds are needed. We explored the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in latency maintenance and their modulation as a potential anti-latency strategy. Latency models based on treating resting CD4 T cells with chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 19 (CCL19) or interleukin-7 (IL7) before HIV infection and next-generation sequencing were used to identify the miRNAs involved in HIV latency. We detected four upregulated miRNAs (miRNA-98, miRNA-4516, miRNA-4488, and miRNA-7974). Individual or combined inhibition of these miRNAs was performed by transfection into cells latently infected with HIV. Viral replication, assessed 72 h after transfection, did not increase after miRNA modulation, despite miRNA inhibition and lack of toxicity. Furthermore, the combined modulation of five miRNAs previously associated with HIV latency was not effective in these models. Our results do not support the modulation of miRNAs as a useful strategy for the reversal of HIV latency. As shown with other drugs, the potential of miRNA modulation as an HIV reactivation strategy could be dependent on the latency model used.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Rosa López-Huertas
- Servicio de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS) and Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, 28034 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Matías Morín
- Servicio de Genética, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS) and Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, CIBERER, 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Nadia Madrid-Elena
- Servicio de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS) and Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carolina Gutiérrez
- Servicio de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS) and Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Jiménez-Tormo
- Servicio de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS) and Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Santoyo
- Edinburgh Genomics, The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Francisco Sanz-Rodríguez
- Fluorescence Imaging Group, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain; Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS) and Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Moreno Pelayo
- Servicio de Genética, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS) and Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, CIBERER, 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura García Bermejo
- Grupo de Biomarcadores y Dianas Terapéuticas, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS) and Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, 28034 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Santiago Moreno
- Servicio de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS) and Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, 28034 Madrid, Spain; Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Alcalá de Henares, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
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17
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Garcia-Vidal E, Badia R, Pujantell M, Castellví M, Felip E, Clotet B, Riveira-Muñoz E, Ballana E, Esté JA. Dual effect of the broad spectrum kinase inhibitor midostaurin in acute and latent HIV-1 infection. Antiviral Res 2019; 168:18-27. [PMID: 31077767 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2019.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Midostaurin is a multi-kinase inhibitor with antineoplastic activity. We assessed the capacity of midostaurin to affect early and late steps of HIV-1 infection and to reactivate HIV-1 latently infected cells, alone or in combination with histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) known to act as latency-reversing agents (LRA). Acute HIV-1 infection was assessed by flow cytometry in three cell types treated with midostaurin in the presence or absence of SAMHD1. Non-infected cells were treated with midostaurin and harvested for Western blot analysis. Macrophage infections were also measured by quantitative RT-PCR. HIV-1 latency reactivation was assessed in several latency models. Midostaurin induced G2/M arrest and inhibited CDK2, preventing the phosphorylation of SAMHD1 associated to inhibition of its dNTPase activity. In the presence of SAMHD1, midostaurin blocked HIV-1 DNA formation and viral replication. However, following Vpx-mediated SAMHD1 degradation, midostaurin increased viral transcripts and virus replication. In three out of four HIV-1 latency models, including primary CD4+ T cells, midostaurin effectively reversed HIV-1 latency and was synergistic in combination with LRA vorinostat and panobinostat. Our study describes a dual effect for midostaurin in HIV-1 infection, antiviral or proviral depending on SAMHD1 activation, and highlights a role for active SAMHD1 in regulating the activity of potential HIV-1 latency reversal agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edurne Garcia-Vidal
- AIDS Research Institute - IrsiCaixa, AIDS Unit and Health Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona, Spain
| | - Roger Badia
- AIDS Research Institute - IrsiCaixa, AIDS Unit and Health Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona, Spain
| | - Maria Pujantell
- AIDS Research Institute - IrsiCaixa, AIDS Unit and Health Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona, Spain
| | - Marc Castellví
- AIDS Research Institute - IrsiCaixa, AIDS Unit and Health Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona, Spain
| | - Eudald Felip
- AIDS Research Institute - IrsiCaixa, AIDS Unit and Health Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona, Spain
| | - Bonaventura Clotet
- AIDS Research Institute - IrsiCaixa, AIDS Unit and Health Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona, Spain
| | - Eva Riveira-Muñoz
- AIDS Research Institute - IrsiCaixa, AIDS Unit and Health Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona, Spain
| | - Ester Ballana
- AIDS Research Institute - IrsiCaixa, AIDS Unit and Health Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona, Spain.
| | - José A Esté
- AIDS Research Institute - IrsiCaixa, AIDS Unit and Health Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona, Spain.
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Expression of MDM2 in Macrophages Promotes the Early Postentry Steps of HIV-1 Infection through Inhibition of p53. J Virol 2019; 93:JVI.01871-18. [PMID: 30674627 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01871-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular basis for HIV-1 susceptibility in primary human monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) was previously evaluated by comparing the transcriptome of infected and bystander populations. Careful analysis of the data suggested that the ubiquitin ligase MDM2 acted as a positive regulator of HIV-1 replication in MDMs. In this study, MDM2 silencing through transcript-specific small interfering RNAs in MDMs induced a reduction in HIV-1 reverse transcription and integration along with an increase in the expression of p53-induced genes, including CDKN1A Experiments with Nutlin-3, a pharmacological inhibitor of MDM2 p53-binding activity, showed a similar effect on HIV-1 infection, suggesting that the observed restriction in HIV-1 production results from the release/activation of p53 and not the absence of MDM2 per se Knockdown and inhibition of MDM2 also both correlate with a decrease in the Thr592-phosphorylated inactive form of SAMHD1. The expression level of MDM2 and the p53 activation status are therefore important factors in the overall susceptibility of macrophages to HIV-1 infection, bringing a new understanding of signaling events controlling the process of virus replication in this cell type.IMPORTANCE Macrophages, with their long life span in vivo and their resistance to HIV-1-mediated cytopathic effect, might serve as viral reservoirs, contributing to virus persistence in an infected individual. Identification of host factors that increase the overall susceptibility of macrophages to HIV-1 might provide new therapeutic targets for the efficient control of viral replication in these cells and limit the formation of reservoirs in exposed individuals. In this study, we demonstrate the importance of p53 regulation by MDM2, which creates a cellular environment more favorable to the early steps of HIV-1 replication. Moreover, we show that p53 stabilization reduces virus infection in human macrophages, highlighting the important role of p53 in antiviral immunity.
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Valle-Casuso JC, Angin M, Volant S, Passaes C, Monceaux V, Mikhailova A, Bourdic K, Avettand-Fenoel V, Boufassa F, Sitbon M, Lambotte O, Thoulouze MI, Müller-Trutwin M, Chomont N, Sáez-Cirión A. Cellular Metabolism Is a Major Determinant of HIV-1 Reservoir Seeding in CD4 + T Cells and Offers an Opportunity to Tackle Infection. Cell Metab 2019; 29:611-626.e5. [PMID: 30581119 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2018.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
HIV persists in long-lived infected cells that are not affected by antiretroviral treatment. These HIV reservoirs are mainly located in CD4+ T cells, but their distribution is variable in the different subsets. Susceptibility to HIV-1 increases with CD4+ T cell differentiation. We evaluated whether the metabolic programming that supports the differentiation and function of CD4+ T cells affected their susceptibility to HIV-1. We found that differences in HIV-1 susceptibility between naive and more differentiated subsets were associated with the metabolic activity of the cells. Indeed, HIV-1 selectively infected CD4+ T cells with high oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis, independent of their activation phenotype. Moreover, partial inhibition of glycolysis (1) impaired HIV-1 infection in vitro in all CD4+ T cell subsets, (2) decreased the viability of preinfected cells, and (3) precluded HIV-1 amplification in cells from HIV-infected individuals. Our results elucidate the link between cell metabolism and HIV-1 infection and identify a vulnerability in tackling HIV reservoirs.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Carlos Valle-Casuso
- Institut Pasteur, Unité HIV Inflammation et Persistance, 28 rue du Docteur Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Mathieu Angin
- Institut Pasteur, Unité HIV Inflammation et Persistance, 28 rue du Docteur Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Stevenn Volant
- Institut Pasteur, Hub Bioinformatique et Biostatistique - C3BI, USR 3756 IP CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Caroline Passaes
- Institut Pasteur, Unité HIV Inflammation et Persistance, 28 rue du Docteur Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Valérie Monceaux
- Institut Pasteur, Unité HIV Inflammation et Persistance, 28 rue du Docteur Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Anastassia Mikhailova
- Institut Pasteur, Unité HIV Inflammation et Persistance, 28 rue du Docteur Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Katia Bourdic
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bicêtre, Service de Médecine Interne et Immunologie Clinique, 94275 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Véronique Avettand-Fenoel
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 7327 Paris, France; Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Laboratoire de Virologie, CHU Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Faroudy Boufassa
- INSERM U1018, Centre de Recherche en Epidémiologie et Santé des Populations, Université Paris Sud, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Marc Sitbon
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Olivier Lambotte
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bicêtre, Service de Médecine Interne et Immunologie Clinique, 94275 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; CEA, Université Paris Sud, INSERM U1184, Center for Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases (IMVA), IDMIT Department/IBFJ, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | | | - Michaela Müller-Trutwin
- Institut Pasteur, Unité HIV Inflammation et Persistance, 28 rue du Docteur Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Nicolas Chomont
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM and Department of Microbiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Université de Montréal, Montreal H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Asier Sáez-Cirión
- Institut Pasteur, Unité HIV Inflammation et Persistance, 28 rue du Docteur Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France.
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Cellular Determinants of HIV Persistence on Antiretroviral Therapy. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1075:213-239. [PMID: 30030795 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-0484-2_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The era of antiretroviral therapy has made HIV-1 infection a manageable chronic disease for those with access to treatment. Despite treatment, virus persists in tissue reservoirs seeded with long-lived infected cells that are resistant to cell death and immune recognition. Which cells contribute to this reservoir and which factors determine their persistence are central questions that need to be answered to achieve viral eradication. In this chapter, we describe how cell susceptibility to infection, resistance to cell death, and immune-mediated killing as well as natural cell life span and turnover potential are central components that allow persistence of different lymphoid and myeloid cell subsets that were recently identified as key players in harboring latent and actively replicating virus. The relative contribution of these subsets to persistence of viral reservoir is described, and the open questions are highlighted.
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Zhao C, Shen Q. Overexpression of small ubiquitin‑like modifier 2 ameliorates high glucose‑induced reductions in cardiomyocyte proliferation via the transforming growth factor‑β/Smad pathway. Mol Med Rep 2018; 18:4877-4885. [PMID: 30280191 PMCID: PMC6236294 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperglycemia may induce diabetic cardiomyopathy (DC). In the current study, the mechanism underlying the alleviation of high glucose (HG)-induced impairments in the proliferation of H9c2 embryo cardiomyocyte proliferation by small ubiquitin-like modifier 2 (SUMO2) overexpression was investigated. H9c2 cell morphology was identified as classical long shuttle type by optical microscopy. The viability of HG-injured H9c2 cells was evaluated by a Cell Counting Kit-8 assay and the results indicated that viability was inhibited in a dose-dependent (5.6, 10, 20 and 30 mmol/l) and time-dependent (6, 12 and 24 h) manner. H9c2 cells treated with 20 mmol/l HG for 24 h were selected for subsequent experiments due to the extent of injury caused at a low density. Flow cytometry was conducted to confirm cell cycle arrest between G1/S phases and apoptosis promotion in HG-injured H9c2 cells, and the subsequent alleviating effect of SUMO2 overexpression on these HG-induced effects. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and western blot analysis were performed to detect mRNA and protein expression levels of cell cycle-and apoptosis-associated factors. The results indicated that the expression ofthe cell cycle-associated factors CyclinA2 and C-Myc was upregulated, and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1a was downregulated. The expression of the apoptosis-associated factor Bcl-2 was upregulated, while Bcl-2-associated X and caspase-3 expression was downregulated, by SUMO2 overexpression. Furthermore, the effect of SUMO2 overexpression on the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β/Smad pathway was also determined using RT-qPCR and western blot analysis. The results indicated the mRNA and protein levels of TGF-β1 and Smad3 in HG-injured H9c2 cells were significantly decreased following SUMO2 overexpression. Thus, the results demonstrated that overexpression of SUMO2 may alleviate H9c2 cardiomyocyte cell cycle arrest and apoptosis promotion induced by HG via regulation of cell cycle- and apoptosis-associated factors, as well as inhibition of the TGF-β/Smad pathway. These results may therefore provide a novel strategy for the protection of cardiomyocytes and may aid the diagnosis and prognosis of patients with DC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhao
- Department of Geriatric, Shanghai Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200336, P.R. China
| | - Qile Shen
- Department of Geriatric, Shanghai Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200336, P.R. China
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USP18 (UBP43) Abrogates p21-Mediated Inhibition of HIV-1. J Virol 2018; 92:JVI.00592-18. [PMID: 30068654 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00592-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The host intrinsic innate immune system drives antiviral defenses and viral restriction, which includes the production of soluble factors, such as type I and III interferon (IFN), and activation of restriction factors, including SAMHD1, a deoxynucleoside triphosphohydrolase. Interferon-stimulated gene 15 (ISG15)-specific ubiquitin-like protease 43 (USP18) abrogates IFN signaling pathways. The cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21 (CIP1/WAF1), which is involved in the differentiation and maturation of monocytes, inhibits human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in macrophages and dendritic cells. p21 inhibition of HIV-1 replication is thought to occur at the reverse transcription step, likely by suppressing cellular deoxynucleoside triphosphate (dNTP) biosynthesis and increasing the amount of antivirally active form of SAMHD1. SAMHD1 strongly inhibits HIV-1 replication in myeloid and resting CD4+ T cells. Here, we studied how USP18 influences HIV-1 replication in human myeloid THP-1 cells. We found that USP18 has the novel ability to inhibit the antiviral function of p21 in differentiated THP-1 cells. USP18 enhanced reverse transcription of HIV-1 by downregulating p21 expression and upregulating intracellular dNTP levels. p21 downregulation by USP18 was associated with the active form of SAMHD1, phosphorylated at T592. USP18 formed a complex with the E3 ubiquitin ligase recognition factor SKP2 (S-phase kinase associated protein 2) and SAMHD1. CRISPR-Cas9 knockout of USP18 increased p21 protein expression and blocked HIV-1 replication. Overall, we propose USP18 as a regulator of p21 antiviral function in differentiated myeloid THP-1 cells.IMPORTANCE Macrophages and dendritic cells are usually the first point of contact with pathogens, including lentiviruses. Host restriction factors, including SAMHD1, mediate the innate immune response against these viruses. However, HIV-1 has evolved to circumvent the innate immune response and establishes disseminated infection. The cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21, which is involved in differentiation and maturation of monocytes, blocks HIV-1 replication at the reverse transcription step. p21 is thought to suppress key enzymes involved in dNTP biosynthesis and activates SAMHD1 antiviral function. We report here that the human USP18 protein is a novel factor potentially contributing to HIV replication by blocking the antiviral function of p21 in differentiated human myeloid cells. USP18 downregulates p21 protein expression, which correlates with upregulated intracellular dNTP levels and the antiviral inactive form of SAMHD1. Depletion of USP18 stabilizes p21 protein expression, which correlates with dephosphorylated SAMHD1 and a block to HIV-1 replication.
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Mauney CH, Hollis T. SAMHD1: Recurring roles in cell cycle, viral restriction, cancer, and innate immunity. Autoimmunity 2018; 51:96-110. [PMID: 29583030 PMCID: PMC6117824 DOI: 10.1080/08916934.2018.1454912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Sterile alpha motif and histidine-aspartic acid domain-containing protein 1 (SAMHD1) is a deoxynucleotide triphosphate (dNTP) hydrolase that plays an important role in the homeostatic balance of cellular dNTPs. Its emerging role as an effector of innate immunity is affirmed by mutations in the SAMHD1 gene that cause the severe autoimmune disease, Aicardi-Goutieres syndrome (AGS) and that are linked to cancer. Additionally, SAMHD1 functions as a restriction factor for retroviruses, such as HIV. Here, we review the current biochemical and biological properties of the enzyme including its structure, activity, and regulation by post-translational modifications in the context of its cellular function. We outline open questions regarding the biology of SAMHD1 whose answers will be important for understanding its function as a regulator of cell cycle progression, genomic integrity, and in autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher H Mauney
- a Department of Biochemistry , Center for Structural Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston Salem , NC , USA
| | - Thomas Hollis
- a Department of Biochemistry , Center for Structural Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston Salem , NC , USA
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Abstract
Monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) are an important target for HIV-1 despite SAMHD1, a myeloid restriction factor for which HIV-1 lacks a counteracting accessory protein. The antiviral activity of SAMHD1 is modulated by phosphorylation of T592 by cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK). We show that treatment of MDMs with neocarzinostatin, a compound that introduces double strand breaks (DBS) in genomic DNA, results in the decrease of phosphorylated SAMHD1, activating its antiviral activity and blocking HIV-1 infection. The effect was specific for DSB as DNA damage induced by UV light irradiation did not affect SAMHD1 phosphorylation and did not block infection. The block to infection was at reverse transcription and was counteracted by Vpx, demonstrating that it was caused by SAMHD1. Neocarzinostatin treatment also activated an innate immune response that induced interferon-stimulated genes but this was not involved in the block to HIV-1 infection, as it was not relieved by an interferon-blocking antibody. In response to Neocarzinostatin-induced DNA damage, the level of the CDK inhibitor p21cip1 increased which could account for the decrease of phosphorylated SAMHD1. The results show that the susceptibility of MDMs to HIV-1 infection can be affected by stimuli that alter the phosphorylation state of SAMHD1, one of which is the DNA damage response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Jáuregui
- Department of Microbiology, NYU School of Medicine, Smilow Research Building, Rm. 1003, 550 First Avenue, New York, 10016, USA
| | - Nathaniel R Landau
- Department of Microbiology, NYU School of Medicine, Smilow Research Building, Rm. 1003, 550 First Avenue, New York, 10016, USA.
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