1
|
Hepatitis B virus genotypes in Brazil: Introduction and dissemination. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2021; 93:104936. [PMID: 34023512 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2021.104936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis B is a viral infectious disease highly spread worldwide with a long evolutionary history associated with human migrations through the continents and countries. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) was disseminated probably from Africa and diverged into ten genotypes (HBV-A to HBV-J) distributed around the world. In Brazil, almost all HBV genotypes were already reported, with a predominance of three ones: A (52.1%), D (36.8%), and F (7.7%). This review aimed to evaluate the introduction and dissemination of the main HBV genotypes and subgenotypes in Brazil over the last centuries to explain the current epidemic scenario. The highest frequency of HBV-A is a consequence of the introduction and spreading of HBV-A1 in the 16th to 19th centuries due to the African slave trade, but the more recent introduction of HBV-A2 from Europe also contributed to the current situation. HBV-D is the second most frequent genotype because it was consecutively introduced by migrations from Europe (mainly subgenotype D3, but also D2) and the Middle East (D1) in the 19th to 20th centuries. On contrary, HBV-F (F1a, F1b, F2a, F2b, F3, and F4) was disseminated by the Amerindians in all South American countries, including Brazil, by migrations inside the continent for more than three centuries ago. Other HBV genotypes are rare and eventually frequent in some human groups because of the dissemination by very specific epidemiological routes. In conclusion, the current scenario of the HBV epidemics is a consequence of the introduction and dissemination of some subgenotypes from the three main genotypes A, D, and F over the last five centuries.
Collapse
|
2
|
Wolf JM, De Carli S, Pereira VRZB, Simon D, Lunge VR. Temporal evolution and global spread of hepatitis B virus genotype G. J Viral Hepat 2021; 28:393-399. [PMID: 33128240 DOI: 10.1111/jvh.13431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is considered a major health problem in the world. HBV is classified into genotypes A to J disseminated worldwide. Genotypes A, D and F are the most frequent in the Western World, B and C are predominant in the East, and E, F, H and J are infrequent and restricted to specific regions. HBV-G is a rare genotype, but it has been detected in different continents. This study aimed to report the temporal evolution and global spread of HBV-G comparing whole-genome sequences of this genotype from different regions in the world. Bayesian coalescent analysis was performed to estimate the time to the most recent common ancestor (tMRCA) and the population dynamics in the last decades. The results demonstrated that tMRCA of all HBV-Gs dated back to 1855 (95% highest posterior density interval [HPD 95%]: 1778 - 1931). This genotype has a possible origin in North America and it was disseminated to other continents (South and Central America, Europe, Asia and Africa) more than one century later (around the 1970s). The viral population demonstrated constant spreading from 1855 to the 1980s, followed by an increase in the 1990s and reached a plateau after the 2000s. Wide spreading at the beginning of the 1990s was probably associated with the dissemination by highly sexual active groups and injecting drug users. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that HBV-G was originated in the 19th century with main events of spread at the end of the 20th century.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Michel Wolf
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular Aplicada à Saúde, ULBRA, Universidade Luterana do Brasil, Canoas, Brazil.,Laboratório de Diagnóstico Molecular, Universidade Luterana do Brasil, Canoas, Brazil
| | - Sílvia De Carli
- Laboratório de Diagnóstico Molecular, Universidade Luterana do Brasil, Canoas, Brazil
| | | | - Daniel Simon
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular Aplicada à Saúde, ULBRA, Universidade Luterana do Brasil, Canoas, Brazil.,Laboratório de Diagnóstico Molecular, Universidade Luterana do Brasil, Canoas, Brazil
| | - Vagner Ricardo Lunge
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular Aplicada à Saúde, ULBRA, Universidade Luterana do Brasil, Canoas, Brazil.,Laboratório de Diagnóstico Molecular, Universidade Luterana do Brasil, Canoas, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Convex hulls in hamming space enable efficient search for similarity and clustering of genomic sequences. BMC Bioinformatics 2020; 21:482. [PMID: 33375937 PMCID: PMC7772912 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-020-03811-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In molecular epidemiology, comparison of intra-host viral variants among infected persons is frequently used for tracing transmissions in human population and detecting viral infection outbreaks. Application of Ultra-Deep Sequencing (UDS) immensely increases the sensitivity of transmission detection but brings considerable computational challenges when comparing all pairs of sequences. We developed a new population comparison method based on convex hulls in hamming space. We applied this method to a large set of UDS samples obtained from unrelated cases infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) and compared its performance with three previously published methods. Results The convex hull in hamming space is a data structure that provides information on: (1) average hamming distance within the set, (2) average hamming distance between two sets; (3) closeness centrality of each sequence; and (4) lower and upper bound of all the pairwise distances among the members of two sets. This filtering strategy rapidly and correctly removes 96.2% of all pairwise HCV sample comparisons, outperforming all previous methods. The convex hull distance (CHD) algorithm showed variable performance depending on sequence heterogeneity of the studied populations in real and simulated datasets, suggesting the possibility of using clustering methods to improve the performance. To address this issue, we developed a new clustering algorithm, k-hulls, that reduces heterogeneity of the convex hull. This efficient algorithm is an extension of the k-means algorithm and can be used with any type of categorical data. It is 6.8-times more accurate than k-mode, a previously developed clustering algorithm for categorical data. Conclusions CHD is a fast and efficient filtering strategy for massively reducing the computational burden of pairwise comparison among large samples of sequences, and thus, aiding the calculation of transmission links among infected individuals using threshold-based methods. In addition, the convex hull efficiently obtains important summary metrics for intra-host viral populations.
Collapse
|
4
|
Liu JH, Liao XW, Chen CH, Yao M, Li CC, Lin CT, Tsai CH, Chou WC, Hou HA, Huang SY, Wu SJ, Chen YC, Tien HF, Tang JL, Ko BS. Adoptive donor immunity protects against resolved hepatitis B virus reactivation after allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation in the world's largest retrospective cohort study. Br J Haematol 2019; 186:72-85. [PMID: 30919947 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.15884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Reactivation of hepatitis B virus (HBV) by reverse seroconversion (HBV-RS) after allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) can occur in patients with resolved HBV infection (rHBV, defined as negative HBV surface antigen [HBsAg] and positive HBV core antibody), and may cause fatal hepatitis. To explore the risk factors, we retrospectively identified 817 consecutive patients who underwent allo-HSCT from 2005 to 2016 in this largest single centre cohort from National Taiwan Univerisity Hospital. Transplants using donors or recipients positive for HBsAg or HBV DNA were excluded, leaving 445 rHBV patients for analysis. The 3- and 5-year cumulative incidence of HBV-RS after allo-HSCT was 8·7% and 10·5%, respectively, at a median 16 months after allo-HSCT. All had concurrent HBV reactivation. HBV flares developed in 19% of HBV-RS cases, but none experienced hepatic failure. Neither did it impact non-relapse mortality or overall survival. Multivariate analysis revealed that patients with donor lacking hepatitis B surface antibody and extensive chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) have the highest risk for HBV-RS, with 5-year incidence of 24·2%. In conclusion, adoptive immunity transfer from the donor seems to have protective effects against HBV-RS, which may alter future donor selection algorithms, and combined with extensive cGVHD provides a good target for risk-adaptive HBV prophylaxis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Hau Liu
- Tai-Cheng Stem Cell Therapy Centre, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Haematology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Xiu-Wen Liao
- Tai-Cheng Stem Cell Therapy Centre, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Hung Chen
- Division of Gastrohepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming Yao
- Division of Haematology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Cheng Li
- Tai-Cheng Stem Cell Therapy Centre, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Haematology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Gastrohepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Ting Lin
- Tai-Cheng Stem Cell Therapy Centre, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Haematology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hong Tsai
- Tai-Cheng Stem Cell Therapy Centre, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Haematology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chien Chou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-An Hou
- Division of Haematology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Yi Huang
- Division of Haematology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Ju Wu
- Division of Haematology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Chang Chen
- Centre of Stem Cell and Precision Medicine, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Hwei-Fang Tien
- Tai-Cheng Stem Cell Therapy Centre, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jih-Luh Tang
- Tai-Cheng Stem Cell Therapy Centre, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Haematology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Bor-Sheng Ko
- Division of Haematology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ramachandran S, Groves JA, Xia GL, Saá P, Notari EP, Drobeniuc J, Poe A, Khudyakov N, Schillie SF, Murphy TV, Kamili S, Teo CG, Dodd RY, Khudyakov YE, Stramer SL. Recent and occult hepatitis B virus infections among blood donors in the United States. Transfusion 2019; 59:601-611. [PMID: 30499591 PMCID: PMC8190636 DOI: 10.1111/trf.15057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Characteristics of US blood donors with recent (RBI) or occult (OBI) hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection are not well defined. METHODS Donors with RBI and OBI were identified by nucleic acid and serologic testing among 34.4 million donations during 2009-2015. Consenting donors were interviewed and their HBV S-gene sequenced. RESULTS The overall rate of HBV-infected donors was 7.95 per 100,000; of these, 0.35 per 100,000 and 1.70 per 100,000 were RBI and OBI, respectively. RBI (n = 120) and OBI (n = 583) donors constituted 26% of all HBV-infected (n = 2735) donors. Detection of HBV DNA in 92% of OBI donors required individual donation nucleic acid testing. Donors with OBI compared to RBI were older (mean age, 48 vs 39 years; p < 0.0001) with lower median viral loads (9 vs. 529 IU/mL; p < 0.0001). A higher proportion of OBI than RBI donors were born or resided in an endemic country (39% vs. 5%; p = 0.0078). Seventy-seven percent of all RBI and OBI donors had multiple sex partners, an HBV-risk factor. Of 40 RBI and 10 OBI donors whose S gene was sequenced, 33 (83%) and 6 (60%), respectively, carried HBV subgenotype A2; 18 (55%) and 2 (33%), respectively, shared an identical sequence. Infection with 1 or more putative HBV-immune-escape mutants was identified in 5 (50%) of OBI but no RBI donors. CONCLUSION RBI and OBI continue to be identified at low rates, confirming the importance of comprehensive HBV DNA screening of US blood donations. HBV-infected donors require referral for care and evaluation and contact tracing; their HBV strains may provide important information on emergent genotypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sumathi Ramachandran
- Division of Viral Hepatitis, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Jamel A. Groves
- Scientific Affairs, American Red Cross, Gaithersburg, Maryland
| | - Guo-liang Xia
- Division of Viral Hepatitis, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Paula Saá
- Scientific Affairs, American Red Cross, Gaithersburg, Maryland
| | | | - Jan Drobeniuc
- Division of Viral Hepatitis, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Amanda Poe
- Division of Viral Hepatitis, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Natasha Khudyakov
- Division of Viral Hepatitis, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Sarah F. Schillie
- Division of Viral Hepatitis, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Trudy V. Murphy
- Division of Viral Hepatitis, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Saleem Kamili
- Division of Viral Hepatitis, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Chong-Gee Teo
- Division of Viral Hepatitis, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Roger Y. Dodd
- Scientific Affairs, American Red Cross, Gaithersburg, Maryland
| | - Yury E. Khudyakov
- Division of Viral Hepatitis, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Virological and Clinical Characteristics of Hepatitis B Virus Genotype A. J Gastroenterol 2018; 53:18-26. [PMID: 28687901 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-017-1367-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is one of the most prevalent chronic viral infections in humans. The overall prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) is reported to be 3.6%; however, it varies depending upon the geographic area. HBV is classified into ten genotypes (A through J) on the basis of an intergroup genomic divergence of > 8%. Specifically, HBV genotype A exhibits several unique virological and clinical characteristics and can be further classified into seven subtypes. Among them, subtype A2 or Ae (A2/[e]) is occasionally responsible for nosocomial infection and among homosexual males. Regarding virological factors, the G1896A precore mutation is rarely observed in genotype A as it would disrupt an essential stem-loop structure in the ε signal essential for pregenomic RNA packaging. HBV genotype A also harbors a 6-nucleotide C-terminal insertion in the hepatitis B-e antigen (HBeAg) precursor, resulting in a variable-length HBeAg protein product observed in serum of positive patients. These molecular traits likely contribute to the specific clinical presentation of genotype A-infected patients, such as mild acute hepatitis B (AHB), longer persistence of HBsAg positivity in AHB, and increased chronicity after AHB in adults. However, genotype A shows a better response to interferon than other genotypes in chronic hepatitis B patients. Here, we review the virological and clinical characteristics of HBV genotype A that will be useful in elucidating the association among persistent viral infection, host genetic factors, and treatment in future studies.
Collapse
|
7
|
Rytsareva I, Campo DS, Zheng Y, Sims S, Thankachan SV, Tetik C, Chirag J, Chockalingam SP, Sue A, Aluru S, Khudyakov Y. Efficient detection of viral transmissions with Next-Generation Sequencing data. BMC Genomics 2017; 18:372. [PMID: 28589864 PMCID: PMC5461558 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-017-3732-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis C is a major public health problem in the United States and worldwide. Outbreaks of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections associated with unsafe injection practices, drug diversion, and other exposures to blood are difficult to detect and investigate. Molecular analysis has been frequently used in the study of HCV outbreaks and transmission chains; helping identify a cluster of sequences as linked by transmission if their genetic distances are below a previously defined threshold. However, HCV exists as a population of numerous variants in each infected individual and it has been observed that minority variants in the source are often the ones responsible for transmission, a situation that precludes the use of a single sequence per individual because many such transmissions would be missed. The use of Next-Generation Sequencing immensely increases the sensitivity of transmission detection but brings a considerable computational challenge because all sequences need to be compared among all pairs of samples. METHODS We developed a three-step strategy that filters pairs of samples according to different criteria: (i) a k-mer bloom filter, (ii) a Levenhstein filter and (iii) a filter of identical sequences. We applied these three filters on a set of samples that cover the spectrum of genetic relationships among HCV cases, from being part of the same transmission cluster, to belonging to different subtypes. RESULTS Our three-step filtering strategy rapidly removes 85.1% of all the pairwise sample comparisons and 91.0% of all pairwise sequence comparisons, accurately establishing which pairs of HCV samples are below the relatedness threshold. CONCLUSIONS We present a fast and efficient three-step filtering strategy that removes most sequence comparisons and accurately establishes transmission links of any threshold-based method. This highly efficient workflow will allow a faster response and molecular detection capacity, improving the rate of detection of viral transmissions with molecular data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Inna Rytsareva
- Molecular Epidemiology and Bioinformatics, Division of Viral Hepatitis, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - David S Campo
- Molecular Epidemiology and Bioinformatics, Division of Viral Hepatitis, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Yueli Zheng
- Molecular Epidemiology and Bioinformatics, Division of Viral Hepatitis, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Seth Sims
- Molecular Epidemiology and Bioinformatics, Division of Viral Hepatitis, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sharma V Thankachan
- School of Computational Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Department of Computer Science, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Cansu Tetik
- School of Computational Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jain Chirag
- School of Computational Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sriram P Chockalingam
- Institute for Data Engineering and Science, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Amanda Sue
- Molecular Epidemiology and Bioinformatics, Division of Viral Hepatitis, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Srinivas Aluru
- School of Computational Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Institute for Data Engineering and Science, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Yury Khudyakov
- Molecular Epidemiology and Bioinformatics, Division of Viral Hepatitis, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Forbi JC, Dillon M, Purdy MA, Drammeh BS, Tejada-Strop A, McGovern D, Xia GL, Lin Y, Ganova-Raeva LM, Campo DS, Thai H, Vaughan G, Haule D, Kutaga RP, Basavaraju SV, Kamili S, Khudyakov YE. Molecular epidemiology of hepatitis B virus infection in Tanzania. J Gen Virol 2017; 98:1048-1057. [PMID: 28537543 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.000776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the significant public health problems associated with hepatitis B virus (HBV) in sub-Saharan Africa, many countries in this region do not have systematic HBV surveillance or genetic information on HBV circulating locally. Here, we report on the genetic characterization of 772 HBV strains from Tanzania. Phylogenetic analysis of the S-gene sequences showed prevalence of HBV genotype A (HBV/A, n=671, 86.9 %), followed by genotypes D (HBV/D, n=95, 12.3 %) and E (HBV/E, n=6, 0.8 %). All HBV/A sequences were further classified into subtype A1, while the HBV/D sequences were assigned to a new cluster. Among the Tanzanian sequences, 84 % of HBV/A1 and 94 % of HBV/D were unique. The Tanzanian and global HBV/A1 sequences were compared and were completely intermixed in the phylogenetic tree, with the Tanzanian sequences frequently generating long terminal branches, indicating a long history of HBV/A1 infections in the country. The time to the most recent common ancestor was estimated to be 188 years ago [95 % highest posterior density (HPD): 132 to 265 years] for HBV/A1 and 127 years ago (95 % HPD: 79 to 192 years) for HBV/D. The Bayesian skyline plot showed that the number of transmissions 'exploded' exponentially between 1960-1970 for HBV/A1 and 1970-1990 for HBV/D, with the effective population of HBV/A1 having expanded twice as much as that of HBV/D. The data suggest that Tanzania is at least a part of the geographic origin of the HBV/A1 subtype. A recent increase in the transmission rate and significant HBV genetic diversity should be taken into consideration when devising public health interventions to control HBV infections in Tanzania.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph C Forbi
- Division of Viral Hepatitis, National Center for HIV, Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd, NE, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Michael Dillon
- CDC Tanzania, Division of Global HIV/AIDS, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Michael A Purdy
- Division of Viral Hepatitis, National Center for HIV, Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd, NE, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Bakary S Drammeh
- HIV Prevention Branch, Division of Global HIV/AIDS, Center for Global Health, CDC, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Alexandra Tejada-Strop
- Division of Viral Hepatitis, National Center for HIV, Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd, NE, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Daniel McGovern
- Division of Viral Hepatitis, National Center for HIV, Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd, NE, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Guo-Liang Xia
- Division of Viral Hepatitis, National Center for HIV, Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd, NE, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Yulin Lin
- Division of Viral Hepatitis, National Center for HIV, Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd, NE, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Lilia M Ganova-Raeva
- Division of Viral Hepatitis, National Center for HIV, Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd, NE, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - David S Campo
- Division of Viral Hepatitis, National Center for HIV, Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd, NE, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Hong Thai
- Division of Viral Hepatitis, National Center for HIV, Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd, NE, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Gilberto Vaughan
- Division of Viral Hepatitis, National Center for HIV, Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd, NE, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Dunstan Haule
- Tanzania National Blood Transfusion Services, Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Regina P Kutaga
- US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Sridhar V Basavaraju
- HIV Prevention Branch, Division of Global HIV/AIDS, Center for Global Health, CDC, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Saleem Kamili
- Division of Viral Hepatitis, National Center for HIV, Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd, NE, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Yury E Khudyakov
- Division of Viral Hepatitis, National Center for HIV, Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd, NE, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ji X, Zafrullah M, Wiese N, Hayden-Mixon T, Forbi JC, Teo CG, Purdy MA. Permissive, in vitro replication of hepatitis B virus genotype E. J Virol Methods 2017; 243:20-24. [PMID: 28122202 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2017.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Revised: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A cloned stable cell line, HepG2-HBVE6, was established following transfection of HepG2 cells with a retroviral plasmid into which a 1.1-fold genomic construct of hepatitis B virus (HBV) belonging to genotype E (HBV/E) was inserted. The cell line retains the entire HBV/E insert, and produces episomal HBV DNA. It expresses HBV pregenomic, preS1 and preS2/S transcripts, and sheds hepatitis B surface and e antigens as well as structures resembling HBV-subviral and Dane particles. The HepG2-HBVE6 cell line, in permitting recapitulation of the HBV life cycle, may be used for studying viral characteristics, therapeutic and preventative outcomes and for preparing reagents specific to HBV genotype E.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Ji
- Division of Viral Hepatitis, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Mohammad Zafrullah
- Division of Viral Hepatitis, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Nicholas Wiese
- Division of Viral Hepatitis, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Tonya Hayden-Mixon
- Division of Viral Hepatitis, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Joseph C Forbi
- Division of Viral Hepatitis, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Chong-Gee Teo
- Division of Viral Hepatitis, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Michael A Purdy
- Division of Viral Hepatitis, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Thompson AB, Bilhartz JL, Abramowsky CR, Rapkin L, Karpen SJ, Berkowitz FE. New-Onset Scleral Icterus in a School-Aged Female. Clin Pediatr (Phila) 2017; 56:93-96. [PMID: 27193342 DOI: 10.1177/0009922816650599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Louis Rapkin
- 1 Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Saul J Karpen
- 1 Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ostankova YV, Semenov AV, Faizullaev KN, Kazakova EI, Kozlov AV, Musabaev EI, Totolyan AA. MOLECULAR-BIOLOGICAL MARKERS OF HEPATITIS В IN PATIENTS WITH LIVER FIBROSIS/CIRRHOSIS IN UZBEKISTAN. JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY, EPIDEMIOLOGY AND IMMUNOBIOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.36233/0372-9311-2016-5-34-43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Aim. Evaluate prevalence of genetic variants of hepatitis В viruses in population of various regions of Uzbekistan with hepatitis of various genesis and different severity levels of liver fibrosis and cirrhosis. Materials and methods. Blood plasma and liver biopsy from 39 patients with different severity levels of liver fibrosis and cirrhosis served as study material. Genotyping based on direct sequencing of Pre-Sl/Pre-S2/S HBV DNA region was applied. Results. Hepatitis В virus was detected in 32 samples ofthe 39 provided, frequency of occurrence - 82%, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis has shown, that only genotype D was detected among the examined patients, hepatitis В virus subtype D1 predominated (84.38%) compared with D2 (3.12%) and D3 (12.5%) subtypes. Conclusion. Large-scale sequencing of HBV in Central Asia will allow to evaluate routes of transmission and time of evolutionary separation of virus isolates. Understanding the epidemiology of the infectious process is important for development of programs for prophylaxis and therapy of the infection.
Collapse
|
12
|
Osiowy C, Coffin C, Andonov A. Review of Laboratory Tests used in Monitoring Hepatitis B Response to Pegylated Interferon and Nucleos(t)ide Analog Therapy. CURRENT TREATMENT OPTIONS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2016; 8:177-193. [PMID: 27547127 PMCID: PMC4969325 DOI: 10.1007/s40506-016-0080-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
There are only two currently approved classes of hepatitis B virus (HBV) antiviral agents, pegylated interferon (Peg-IFN), and nucleos(t)ide analogs (NAs) for chronic HBV infection. Although Peg-IFN is used for a finite 48-week duration and offers a greater chance of sustained off-treatment virological response, it is poorly tolerated and can only be offered to selected patients. The NAs are well tolerated but require prolonged therapy due to risk of relapse with treatment cessation. There is evolving data that novel virological assays (e.g., quantitative hepatitis B surface antigen, quantitative hepatitis B core antigen, quantitative antibody to core protein) in combination with hepatitis B genotype and more sensitive HBV DNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays may be useful to predict response to IFN as well as off-treatment NA durability. Utilization of these clinical laboratory tests may be important given the development of novel anti-HBV therapies, hoping to achieve a cure for chronic hepatitis B infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carla Osiowy
- Bloodborne Pathogens and Hepatitis, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, 1015 Arlington St., Winnipeg, MB R3E 3R2 Canada
| | - Carla Coffin
- Liver Unit, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB Canada
| | - Anton Andonov
- Bloodborne Pathogens and Hepatitis, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, 1015 Arlington St., Winnipeg, MB R3E 3R2 Canada
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Abstract
Antiviral drug resistance is a matter of great clinical importance that, historically, has been investigated mostly from a virological perspective. Although the proximate mechanisms of resistance can be readily uncovered using these methods, larger evolutionary trends often remain elusive. Recent interest by population geneticists in studies of antiviral resistance has spurred new metrics for evaluating mutation and recombination rates, demographic histories of transmission and compartmentalization, and selective forces incurred during viral adaptation to antiviral drug treatment. We present up-to-date summaries on antiviral resistance for a range of drugs and viral types, and review recent advances for studying their evolutionary histories. We conclude that information imparted by demographic and selective histories, as revealed through population genomic inference, is integral to assessing the evolution of antiviral resistance as it pertains to human health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristen K Irwin
- School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédéral de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.,Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nicholas Renzette
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Timothy F Kowalik
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jeffrey D Jensen
- School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédéral de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.,Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB), Lausanne, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Ito K, Yotsuyanagi H, Sugiyama M, Yatsuhashi H, Karino Y, Takikawa Y, Saito T, Arase Y, Imazeki F, Kurosaki M, Umemura T, Ichida T, Toyoda H, Yoneda M, Tanaka Y, Mita E, Yamamoto K, Michitaka K, Maeshiro T, Tanuma J, Korenaga M, Murata K, Masaki N, Koike K, Mizokami M. Geographic distribution and characteristics of genotype A hepatitis B virus infection in acute and chronic hepatitis B patients in Japan. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2016; 31:180-9. [PMID: 26110395 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.13030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2015] [Revised: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The prevalence of sexually transmitted acute infections of the genotype A hepatitis B virus (HBV) has been increasing in Japan. Genotype A HBV is associated with an increased risk of HBV progression to chronic infection after acute hepatitis B (AHB) in adults. A nationwide survey was conducted to evaluate the geographic distribution, clinical, and virologic characteristics of genotype A AHB and chronic hepatitis B (CHB) in Japan. METHODS Five hundred seventy AHB patients were recruited between 2005 and 2010, and 3682 CHB patients were recruited between 2010 and 2011. HBV genotypes were determined for 552 and 3619 AHB and CHB patients, respectively. Clinical characteristics were compared among different genotypes in AHB and CHB patients. Genomic characteristics of HBV genotype A were examined by molecular evolutionary analysis. RESULTS Hepatitis B virus genotype A was the predominant genotype for AHB between 2005 and 2010. Phylogenetic analysis showed that all strains in the AHB patients with genotype A were classified into subtype Ae. Among CHB patients, the occurrence of genotype A was 4.1%, and genotype A was spreading in young adults. In genotype A CHB patients, early stage liver diseases were predominant, although liver diseases progressed to cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma in some patients. CONCLUSIONS The distribution of HBV genotypes is quite different between AHB and CHB in Japanese patients. Genotype A infection is spreading in young adults of Japanese CHB patients. Sequences derived from Japanese AHB patients were identical to or closely resembled the sequences derived from other Japanese AHB patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kiyoaki Ito
- The Research Center for Hepatitis and Immunology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Ichikawa.,Department of Gastroenterology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute
| | - Hiroshi Yotsuyanagi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo
| | - Masaya Sugiyama
- The Research Center for Hepatitis and Immunology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Ichikawa
| | | | - Yoshiyasu Karino
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sapporo Kosei General Hospital, Sapporo
| | - Yasuhiro Takikawa
- Division of Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Morioka
| | - Takafumi Saito
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yamagata University School, Yamagata
| | | | - Fumio Imazeki
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba
| | - Masayuki Kurosaki
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Musashino Red Cross Hospital, Tokyo
| | - Takeji Umemura
- Department of Medicine, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto
| | - Takafumi Ichida
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Juntendo University Shizuoka Hospital, Shizuoka
| | - Hidenori Toyoda
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ogaki Municipal Hospital, Ogaki
| | - Masashi Yoneda
- Department of Gastroenterology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute
| | - Yasuhito Tanaka
- Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya
| | - Eiji Mita
- National Hospital Organization Osaka National Hospital, Osaka
| | - Kazuhide Yamamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Okayama
| | - Kojiro Michitaka
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon
| | - Tatsuji Maeshiro
- First Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Ryukyu, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Junko Tanuma
- AIDS Clinical Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo
| | - Masaaki Korenaga
- The Research Center for Hepatitis and Immunology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Ichikawa
| | - Kazumoto Murata
- The Research Center for Hepatitis and Immunology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Ichikawa
| | - Naohiko Masaki
- The Research Center for Hepatitis and Immunology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Ichikawa
| | - Kazuhiko Koike
- Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo
| | - Masashi Mizokami
- The Research Center for Hepatitis and Immunology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Ichikawa
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Characterization of Acute and Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Genotypes in Canada. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0136074. [PMID: 26406309 PMCID: PMC4583310 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0136074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The prevalence and distribution of hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotypes in Canada is not known. Genotypic analysis may contribute to a better understanding of HBV strain distribution and transmission risk. Methods HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) positive samples of acute (n = 152) and chronic (n = 1533) HBV submitted for strain analysis or reference genotype testing between 2006 and 2012 were analyzed. The HBsAg coding region was amplified to determine the HBV genotype by INNO-LiPA assay or sequence analysis. Single and multivariate analyses were used to describe genotypes’ associations with known demographic and behavioral risk factors for 126 linked cases of acute HBV. Results Nine genotypes were detected (A to I), including mixed infections. Genotype C (HBV/C) dominated within chronic infections while HBV/D and A prevailed among acute HBV cases. History of incarceration and residing with a chronic HBV carrier or injection drug user were the most frequently reported risks for acute HBV infection. Over time, HBV/A increased among both acute and chronic infections, and HBV/C and HBV/D decreased among chronic infections. Conclusion Chronic and acute HBV genotypes in Canada differ in the relative distribution and their associations with known risk factors, suggesting different routes of transmission and clinical progression of infection.
Collapse
|
16
|
Martínez AA, Zaldívar Y, Arteaga G, de Castillo Z, Ortiz A, Mendoza Y, Castillero O, Castillo JA, Cristina J, Pascale JM. Phylogenetic Analysis of Hepatitis B Virus Genotypes Circulating in Different Risk Groups of Panama, Evidence of the Introduction of Genotype A2 in the Country. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0134850. [PMID: 26230260 PMCID: PMC4521924 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0134850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) can cause acute or chronic infection it is also associated with the development of liver cancer, thousands of new infections occur on a yearly basis, and many of these cases are located in certain areas of the Caribbean and Latin America. In these areas, the HBV prevalence is still high which makes this virus a serious public health concern to the entire region. Studies performed in Panama suggest a complex pattern in the distribution of HBV among the country’s different risk groups. We use phylogenetic analysis in order to determine which HBV genotypes were circulating in these specific groups; for this we used a fragment of the PreS2/2 region of the HBV genome. Subsequently whole HBV genome sequences were used for Bayesian analysis of phylodynamics and phylogeography. Two main genotypes were found: genotype A (54.5%) and genotype F (45.5%). There was a difference in the distribution of genotypes according to risk groups: 72.9% of high risk groups were associated to genotype A, and 55.0% of samples of genotype F were associated to the low risk group (p<0.002). The Bayesian analysis of phylogeny-traits association revealed a statistically significant geographical association (p<0.0001) with both genotypes and different regions of the country. The Bayesian time of most recent common ancestor analysis (tMRCA) revealed a recent tMRCA for genotype A2 circulating in Panama (1997, 95% HPD: 1986—2005), when it is compared with Panamanian genotype F1c sequences (1930, 95% HPD: 1810 – 2005). These results suggest a possible change in the distribution of HBV genotypes in Panama and Latin America as a whole. They also serve to encourage the implementation of vaccination programs in high-risk groups, in order to prevent an increase in the number of new HBV cases in Latin America and worldwide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander A. Martínez
- Department of Genomics and Proteomics, Gorgas Memorial Institute for Health Studies, Panama City, Panama, Panama
- Department of Biotechnology, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Guntur City, Andhra Pradesh, India
- INDICASAT-AIP, Clayton, City of Knowledge, Panama
| | - Yamitzel Zaldívar
- Department of Genomics and Proteomics, Gorgas Memorial Institute for Health Studies, Panama City, Panama, Panama
| | - Griselda Arteaga
- Department of Genomics and Proteomics, Gorgas Memorial Institute for Health Studies, Panama City, Panama, Panama
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Panama, Panama City, Panama, Panama
| | - Zoila de Castillo
- Nucleic Acid Test Unit, Complejo Hospitalario Dr. Arnulfo Arias Madrid, Caja de Seguro Social, Panama City, Panama
| | - Alma Ortiz
- Department of Genomics and Proteomics, Gorgas Memorial Institute for Health Studies, Panama City, Panama, Panama
| | - Yaxelis Mendoza
- Department of Genomics and Proteomics, Gorgas Memorial Institute for Health Studies, Panama City, Panama, Panama
- Department of Biotechnology, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Guntur City, Andhra Pradesh, India
- INDICASAT-AIP, Clayton, City of Knowledge, Panama
| | - Omar Castillero
- Department of Genomics and Proteomics, Gorgas Memorial Institute for Health Studies, Panama City, Panama, Panama
| | - Juan A. Castillo
- Department of Genomics and Proteomics, Gorgas Memorial Institute for Health Studies, Panama City, Panama, Panama
| | - Juan Cristina
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Centro de Investigaciones Nucleares, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Igua, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Juan M. Pascale
- Department of Genomics and Proteomics, Gorgas Memorial Institute for Health Studies, Panama City, Panama, Panama
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Panama, Panama City, Panama, Panama
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Qu C, Chen T, Fan C, Zhan Q, Wang Y, Lu J, Lu LL, Ni Z, Huang F, Yao H, Zhu J, Fan J, Zhu Y, Wu Z, Liu G, Gao W, Zang M, Wang D, Dai M, Hsia CC, Zhang Y, Sun Z. Efficacy of neonatal HBV vaccination on liver cancer and other liver diseases over 30-year follow-up of the Qidong hepatitis B intervention study: a cluster randomized controlled trial. PLoS Med 2014; 11:e1001774. [PMID: 25549238 PMCID: PMC4280122 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neonatal hepatitis B vaccination has been implemented worldwide to prevent hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections. Its long-term protective efficacy on primary liver cancer (PLC) and other liver diseases has not been fully examined. METHODS AND FINDINGS The Qidong Hepatitis B Intervention Study, a population-based, cluster randomized, controlled trial between 1985 and 1990 in Qidong, China, included 39,292 newborns who were randomly assigned to the vaccination group in which 38,366 participants completed the HBV vaccination series and 34,441 newborns who were randomly assigned to the control group in which the participants received neither a vaccine nor a placebo. However, 23,368 (67.8%) participants in the control group received catch-up vaccination at age 10-14 years. By December 2013, a total of 3,895 (10.2%) in the vaccination group and 3,898 (11.3%) in the control group were lost to follow-up. Information on PLC incidence and liver disease mortality were collected through linkage of all remaining cohort members to a well-established population-based tumor registry until December 31, 2013. Two cross-sectional surveys on HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) seroprevalence were conducted in 1996-2000 and 2008-2012. The participation rates of the two surveys were 57.5% (21,770) and 50.7% (17,204) in the vaccination group and 36.3% (12,184) and 58.6% (17,395) in the control group, respectively. Using intention-to-treat analysis, we found that the incidence rate of PLC and the mortality rates of severe end-stage liver diseases and infant fulminant hepatitis were significantly lower in the vaccination group than the control group with efficacies of 84% (95% CI 23%-97%), 70% (95% CI 15%-89%), and 69% (95% CI 34%-85%), respectively. The estimated efficacy of catch-up vaccination on HBsAg seroprevalence in early adulthood was 21% (95% CI 10%-30%), substantially weaker than that of the neonatal vaccination (72%, 95% CI 68%-75%). Receiving a booster at age 10-14 years decreased HBsAg seroprevalence if participants were born to HBsAg-positive mothers (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.68, 95% CI 0.47-0.97). Limitations to consider in interpreting the study results include the small number of individuals with PLC, participants lost to follow-up, and the large proportion of participants who did not provide serum samples at follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Neonatal HBV vaccination was found to significantly decrease HBsAg seroprevalence in childhood through young adulthood and subsequently reduce the risk of PLC and other liver diseases in young adults in rural China. The findings underscore the importance of neonatal HBV vaccination. Our results also suggest that an adolescence booster should be considered in individuals born to HBsAg-positive mothers and who have completed the HBV neonatal vaccination series. Please see later in the article for the Editors' Summary.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunfeng Qu
- State Key Lab of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute/Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (ZS); (YZ); (CQ)
| | - Taoyang Chen
- Qidong Liver Cancer Institute, Qidong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Chunsun Fan
- Qidong Liver Cancer Institute, Qidong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Qimin Zhan
- State Key Lab of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute/Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yuting Wang
- State Key Lab of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute/Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jianhua Lu
- Qidong Liver Cancer Institute, Qidong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ling-ling Lu
- Qidong Liver Cancer Institute, Qidong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhengping Ni
- Qidong Liver Cancer Institute, Qidong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Fei Huang
- Qidong Liver Cancer Institute, Qidong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hongyu Yao
- Qidong Liver Cancer Institute, Qidong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jian Zhu
- Qidong Liver Cancer Institute, Qidong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jian Fan
- Qidong Liver Cancer Institute, Qidong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yuanrong Zhu
- Qidong Liver Cancer Institute, Qidong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhiyuan Wu
- State Key Lab of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute/Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Guoting Liu
- State Key Lab of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute/Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wenhong Gao
- State Key Lab of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute/Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Mengya Zang
- State Key Lab of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute/Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Dongmei Wang
- State Key Lab of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute/Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Min Dai
- National Office for Cancer Prevention and Control, Cancer Institute/Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chu Chieh Hsia
- State Key Lab of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute/Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yawei Zhang
- Qidong Liver Cancer Institute, Qidong, Jiangsu Province, China
- National Office for Cancer Prevention and Control, Cancer Institute/Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven Connecticut, United States of America
- * E-mail: (ZS); (YZ); (CQ)
| | - Zongtang Sun
- State Key Lab of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute/Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (ZS); (YZ); (CQ)
| |
Collapse
|