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Lu J, Bai Y, Wang X, Huang P, Liu M, Wang R, Zhang H, Wang H, Li Y. Sensitive, Semiquantitative, and Portable Nucleic Acid Detection of Rabies Virus Using a Personal Glucose Meter. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:26058-26065. [PMID: 38911722 PMCID: PMC11191140 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c01352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Rabies is a zoonotic infection with the potential to infect all mammals and poses a significant threat to mortality. Although enzyme-linked immunosorbent tests and real-time reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) have been established for rabies virus (RABV) detection, they require skilled staff. Here, we introduce a personal glucose meter (PGM)-based nucleic acid (NA-PGM) detection method to diagnose RABV. This method ensures sensitive and convenient RABV diagnosis through hybridization of reverse transcription-recombinase aided amplification (RT-RAA) amplicons with probes labeled with sucrose-converting enzymes, reaching a detection level as low as 6.3 copies/μL equivalent to 12.26 copies. NA-PGM allows for the differentiation of RABV from other closely related viruses. In addition, NA-PGM showed excellent performance on 65 clinical samples with a 100% accuracy rate compared with the widely adopted RT-qPCR method. Thus, our developed NA-PGM method stands out as sensitive, semiquantitative, and portable for RABV detection, showcasing promise as a versatile platform for a wide range of pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Xuejin Wang
- State Key Laboratory for
Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key
Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine,
Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Pei Huang
- State Key Laboratory for
Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key
Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine,
Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Meihui Liu
- State Key Laboratory for
Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key
Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine,
Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Ruijia Wang
- State Key Laboratory for
Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key
Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine,
Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Haili Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for
Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key
Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine,
Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Hualei Wang
- State Key Laboratory for
Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key
Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine,
Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- State Key Laboratory for
Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key
Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine,
Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
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He H, Cai T, Chen Q, Chen Z, Zhang B, Chen C, Wang Y, Liu Y, Wang Y, Luo Y, Huang S, Luo J, Guo X. TRIM44 Promotes Rabies Virus Replication by Autophagy-Dependent Mechanism. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4616. [PMID: 38731834 PMCID: PMC11083291 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Tripartite motif (TRIM) proteins are a multifunctional E3 ubiquitin ligase family that participates in various cellular processes. Recent studies have shown that TRIM proteins play important roles in regulating host-virus interactions through specific pathways, but their involvement in response to rabies virus (RABV) infection remains poorly understood. Here, we identified that several TRIM proteins are upregulated in mouse neuroblastoma cells (NA) after infection with the rabies virus using RNA-seq sequencing. Among them, TRIM44 was found to regulate RABV replication. This is supported by the observations that downregulation of TRIM44 inhibits RABV replication, while overexpression of TRIM44 promotes RABV replication. Mechanistically, TRIM44-induced RABV replication is brought about by activating autophagy, as inhibition of autophagy with 3-MA attenuates TRIM44-induced RABV replication. Additionally, we found that inhibition of autophagy with rapamycin reverses the TRIM44-knockdown-induced decrease in LC3B expression and autophagosome formation as well as RABV replication. The results suggest that TRIM44 promotes RABV replication by an autophagy-dependent mechanism. Our work identifies TRIM44 as a key host factor for RABV replication, and targeting TRIM44 expression may represent an effective therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongling He
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510000, China; (H.H.); (T.C.); (Q.C.); (Z.C.); (B.Z.); (C.C.); (Y.W.); (Y.L.); (Y.W.); (Y.L.)
| | - Ting Cai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510000, China; (H.H.); (T.C.); (Q.C.); (Z.C.); (B.Z.); (C.C.); (Y.W.); (Y.L.); (Y.W.); (Y.L.)
| | - Qiaozhu Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510000, China; (H.H.); (T.C.); (Q.C.); (Z.C.); (B.Z.); (C.C.); (Y.W.); (Y.L.); (Y.W.); (Y.L.)
| | - Zilian Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510000, China; (H.H.); (T.C.); (Q.C.); (Z.C.); (B.Z.); (C.C.); (Y.W.); (Y.L.); (Y.W.); (Y.L.)
| | - Boyue Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510000, China; (H.H.); (T.C.); (Q.C.); (Z.C.); (B.Z.); (C.C.); (Y.W.); (Y.L.); (Y.W.); (Y.L.)
| | - Changyi Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510000, China; (H.H.); (T.C.); (Q.C.); (Z.C.); (B.Z.); (C.C.); (Y.W.); (Y.L.); (Y.W.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yueze Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510000, China; (H.H.); (T.C.); (Q.C.); (Z.C.); (B.Z.); (C.C.); (Y.W.); (Y.L.); (Y.W.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yan Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510000, China; (H.H.); (T.C.); (Q.C.); (Z.C.); (B.Z.); (C.C.); (Y.W.); (Y.L.); (Y.W.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yueming Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510000, China; (H.H.); (T.C.); (Q.C.); (Z.C.); (B.Z.); (C.C.); (Y.W.); (Y.L.); (Y.W.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yongwen Luo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510000, China; (H.H.); (T.C.); (Q.C.); (Z.C.); (B.Z.); (C.C.); (Y.W.); (Y.L.); (Y.W.); (Y.L.)
| | - Shile Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA 71130-3932, USA;
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA 71130-3932, USA
- Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA 71130-3932, USA
| | - Jun Luo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510000, China; (H.H.); (T.C.); (Q.C.); (Z.C.); (B.Z.); (C.C.); (Y.W.); (Y.L.); (Y.W.); (Y.L.)
| | - Xiaofeng Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510000, China; (H.H.); (T.C.); (Q.C.); (Z.C.); (B.Z.); (C.C.); (Y.W.); (Y.L.); (Y.W.); (Y.L.)
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Chiappelli F. CD71: Role in permafrost immunity. Bioinformation 2024; 20:208-211. [PMID: 38711995 PMCID: PMC11069603 DOI: 10.6026/973206300200208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Iron, an essential constituent of cell metabolism, is transported intra-cellularly bound to the ubiquitous 76 kDa blood glycoprotein transferrin via the transferrin receptor, CD71. Because of its structure, CD71 facilitates the binding and penetration of a large variety of viruses into the host. Among which the hemorrhagic fever-causing New World mammarena viruses (family of single stranded ambisense segmented RNA Arenaviridae), the single stranded positive sense RNA hepatitis C virus, the single stranded negative sense segmented influenza A virus, the single stranded negative sense RNA rabies virus, the single stranded positive sense SARS-CoV2 and possibly many others. In this process, CD71 is associated with the target of the anti-proliferative antibody-1 (CD81) viral co-receptor. In light of the plethora of novel and ancient viruses and microbes emerging from melting eternal glacier ice and permafrost, it is timely and critical to define and characterize interventions, besides the soluble form of CD71 (sCD71), that can abrogate or minimize this novice non-canonical function of CD71.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Chiappelli
- Dental Group of Sherman Oaks, Sherman Oaks, CA 91403, USA
- UCLA Center for the Health Sciences, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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Huang R, Wu J, Ma Y, Kang K. Molecular Mechanisms of Ferroptosis and Its Role in Viral Pathogenesis. Viruses 2023; 15:2373. [PMID: 38140616 PMCID: PMC10747891 DOI: 10.3390/v15122373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a novelty form of regulated cell death, and it is mainly characterized by iron accumulation and lipid peroxidation in the cells. Its underlying mechanism is related to the amino acid, iron, and lipid metabolisms. During viral infection, pathogenic microorganisms have evolved to interfere with ferroptosis, and ferroptosis is often manipulated by viruses to regulate host cell servicing for viral reproduction. Therefore, this review provides a comprehensive overview of the mechanisms underlying ferroptosis, elucidates the intricate signaling pathways involved, and explores the pivotal role of ferroptosis in the pathogenesis of viral infections. By enhancing our understanding of ferroptosis, novel therapeutic strategies can be devised to effectively prevent and treat diseases associated with this process. Furthermore, unraveling the developmental mechanisms through which viral infections exploit ferroptosis will facilitate development of innovative antiviral agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riwei Huang
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (R.H.); (J.W.); (Y.M.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jiang Wu
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (R.H.); (J.W.); (Y.M.)
| | - Yaodan Ma
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (R.H.); (J.W.); (Y.M.)
| | - Kai Kang
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (R.H.); (J.W.); (Y.M.)
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Sjöström DJ, Grill B, Ambrosetti E, Veetil AA, Mohlin C, Teixeira AI, Oberdofer G, Bjelic S. Affinity Maturated Transferrin Receptor Apical Domain Blocks Machupo Virus Glycoprotein Binding. J Mol Biol 2023; 435:168262. [PMID: 37678707 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2023.168262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Transferrin receptor 1 (TfR) delivers iron across cellular membranes by shuttling the ion carrier protein transferrin. This ability to deliver large protein ligands inside cells is taken advantage of by pathogens to infiltrate human cells. Notably, the receptor's outermost ectodomain, the apical domain, is used as a point of attachment for several viruses including hemorrhagic arenaviruses. To better understand interactions with the receptor it would be advantageous to probe sequence determinants in the apical domain with viral spike proteins. Here, we carried out affinity maturation of our computationally designed apical domain from human TfR to identify underlying driving forces that lead to better binding. The improved variants were confirmed by in vitro surface plasmon resonance measurements with dissociation constants obtained in the lower nanomolar range. It was found that the strong binding affinities for the optimized variants matched the strength of interactions with the native receptor. The structure of the best variant was determined experimentally indicating that the conformational change in the hairpin binding motif at the protein-protein interface plays a crucial role. The experimental methodology can be straightforwardly applied to other arenavirus or pathogens that use the apical domain. It can further be useful to probe host-virus compatibility or therapeutic strategies based on the transferrin receptor decoys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dick J Sjöström
- Department of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Birgit Grill
- Department of Biochemistry, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
| | - Elena Ambrosetti
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
| | | | - Camilla Mohlin
- Department of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Ana I Teixeira
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
| | - Gustav Oberdofer
- Department of Biochemistry, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
| | - Sinisa Bjelic
- Department of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden.
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Transferrin Receptor Protein 1 Cooperates with mGluR2 To Mediate the Internalization of Rabies Virus and SARS-CoV-2. J Virol 2023; 97:e0161122. [PMID: 36779763 PMCID: PMC9972945 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01611-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Identification of bona fide functional receptors and elucidation of the mechanism of receptor-mediated virus entry are important to reveal targets for developing therapeutics against rabies virus (RABV) and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Our previous studies suggest that metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 2 (mGluR2) functions as an entry receptor for RABV in vitro, and is an important internalization factor for SARS-CoV-2 in vitro and in vivo. Here, we demonstrate that mGluR2 facilitates RABV internalization in vitro and infection in vivo. We found that transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1) interacts with mGluR2 and internalizes with mGluR2 and RABV in the same clathrin-coated pit. Knockdown of TfR1 blocks agonist-triggered internalization of mGluR2. Importantly, TfR1 also interacts with the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and is important for SARS-CoV-2 internalization. Our findings identify a novel axis (mGluR2-TfR1 axis) used by RABV and SARS-CoV-2 for entry, and reveal TfR1 as a potential target for therapeutics against RABV and SARS-CoV-2. IMPORTANCE We previously found that metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 2 (mGluR2) is an entry receptor for RABV in vitro, and an important internalization factor for SARS-CoV-2 in vitro and in vivo. However, whether mGluR2 is required for RABV infection in vivo was unknown. In addition, how mGluR2 mediates the internalization of RABV and SARS-CoV-2 needed to be resolved. Here, we found that mGluR2 gene knockout mice survived a lethal challenge with RABV. To our knowledge, mGluR2 is the first host factor to be definitively shown to play an important role in RABV street virus infection in vivo. We further found that transferrin receptor protein 1 (TfR1) directly interacts and cooperates with mGluR2 to regulate the endocytosis of RABV and SARS-CoV-2. Our study identifies a novel axis (mGluR2-TfR1 axis) used by RABV and SARS-CoV-2 for entry and opens a new door for the development of therapeutics against RABV and SARS-CoV-2.
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