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Zhang X, Liu D, Zhang S, Wei X, Song J, Zhang Y, Jin M, Shen Z, Wang X, Feng Z, Li J. Host-virus interaction: the antiviral defense function of small interfering RNAs can be enhanced by host microRNA-7 in vitro. Sci Rep 2015; 5:9722. [PMID: 26067353 PMCID: PMC4464290 DOI: 10.1038/srep09722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) directed against poliovirus (PV) and other viruses effectively inhibit viral replication and have been developed as antiviral agents. Here, we demonstrate that a specific siRNA targeting the region between nucleotides 100–125 (siRNA-100) from the 5′-untranslated region (5′-UTR) of PV plays a critical role in inhibiting PV replication. Our data demonstrate that siRNA-100 treatment can greatly reduce PV titers, resulting in up-regulation of host microRNA-7 (miR-7), which in turn, leads to enhance inhibition of PV infection further. Moreover, our results suggest that siRNA-100 can also impair the spread of PV to uninfected cells by increasing host resistance to PV, resulting in decreasing necrosis and cytopathic effects (CPE) levels, as well as prolonging the survival of infected cells. Indeed, the active antiviral effect of siRNA-100 was potentially supplemented by the activity of miR-7, and both of them can serve as stabilizing factors for maintenance of cellular homeostasis. Results of this study identify a molecular mechanism of RNAi for antiviral defense, and extend our knowledge of the complex interplay between host and PV, which will provide a basis for the development of effective RNAi-based therapies designed to inhibit PV replication and protect host cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Zhang
- Stem Cell Center, BaYi Children's Hospital of The General Military Hospital of Beijing PLA, 5 Nanmencang Road, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100700, P.R. China
| | - Dongyun Liu
- Departments of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, 266003, P.R. China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Stem Cell Center, BaYi Children's Hospital of The General Military Hospital of Beijing PLA, 5 Nanmencang Road, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100700, P.R. China
| | - Xiujuan Wei
- Stem Cell Center, BaYi Children's Hospital of The General Military Hospital of Beijing PLA, 5 Nanmencang Road, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100700, P.R. China
| | - Jie Song
- Stem Cell Center, BaYi Children's Hospital of The General Military Hospital of Beijing PLA, 5 Nanmencang Road, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100700, P.R. China
| | - Yupei Zhang
- Stem Cell Center, BaYi Children's Hospital of The General Military Hospital of Beijing PLA, 5 Nanmencang Road, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100700, P.R. China
| | - Min Jin
- Department of Environment and Health, Institute of Health and Environmental medicine, Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control for Environment &Food Safety, 1 Dali Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300050, P.R. China
| | - Zhiqiang Shen
- Department of Environment and Health, Institute of Health and Environmental medicine, Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control for Environment &Food Safety, 1 Dali Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300050, P.R. China
| | - Xinwei Wang
- Department of Environment and Health, Institute of Health and Environmental medicine, Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control for Environment &Food Safety, 1 Dali Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300050, P.R. China
| | - Zhichun Feng
- Stem Cell Center, BaYi Children's Hospital of The General Military Hospital of Beijing PLA, 5 Nanmencang Road, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100700, P.R. China
| | - Junwen Li
- Department of Environment and Health, Institute of Health and Environmental medicine, Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control for Environment &Food Safety, 1 Dali Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300050, P.R. China
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Fan Q, Wei C, Xia M, Jiang X. Inhibition of Tulane virus replication in vitro with RNA interference. J Med Virol 2013; 85:179-86. [PMID: 23154881 PMCID: PMC3508507 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.23340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi), a conserved mechanism triggered by small interfering RNA (siRNA), has been used for suppressing gene expression through RNA degradation. The replication of caliciviruses (CVs) with RNAi was studied using the Tulane virus (TV) as a model. Five siRNAs targeting the non-structural, the major (VP1) and minor (VP2) structural genes of the TV were developed and the viruses were quantified using quantitative real time PCR (qPCR) and tissue culture infective dose (TCID(50) ) assay. Treatment of the cells with siRNA 4 hr before viral inoculation significantly reduced viral titer by up to 2.6 logs and dramatically decreased viral RNA copy numbers and viral titers 48 hr post infection in four of the five siRNAs studied. The results were confirmed by Western blot, in which the major structural protein VP1 was markedly reduced in both the cells and the culture medium. Two small protein bands of the shell (S) and protruding (P) domains of the viral capsid protein were also detected in the cell lysates, although their role in viral replication remains unknown. Since the TV shares many biological properties with human noroviruses (NoVs), the successful demonstration of RNAi in TV replication would provide valuable information in control of acute gastroenteritis caused by human NoVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Fan
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Chao Wei
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Ming Xia
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Xi Jiang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH
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Rhoades RE, Tabor-Godwin JM, Tsueng G, Feuer R. Enterovirus infections of the central nervous system. Virology 2011; 411:288-305. [PMID: 21251690 PMCID: PMC3060663 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2010.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2010] [Accepted: 12/08/2010] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Enteroviruses (EV) frequently infect the central nervous system (CNS) and induce neurological diseases. Although the CNS is composed of many different cell types, the spectrum of tropism for each EV is considerable. These viruses have the ability to completely shut down host translational machinery and are considered highly cytolytic, thereby causing cytopathic effects. Hence, CNS dysfunction following EV infection of neuronal or glial cells might be expected. Perhaps unexpectedly given their cytolytic nature, EVs may establish a persistent infection within the CNS, and the lasting effects on the host might be significant with unanticipated consequences. This review will describe the clinical aspects of EV-mediated disease, mechanisms of disease, determinants of tropism, immune activation within the CNS, and potential treatment regimes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ralph Feuer
- Corresponding author. Cell & Molecular Biology Joint Doctoral Program, Department of Biology, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive; San Diego, CA 92182-4614, USA. Fax: +1 619 594 0777.
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