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Su R, Zhang T, Wang H, Yan G, Wu R, Zhang X, Gao C, Li X, Wang C. New sights of low dose IL-2: Restoration of immune homeostasis for viral infection. Immunology 2024; 171:324-338. [PMID: 37985960 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Viral infection poses a significant threat to human health. In addition to the damage caused by viral replication, the immune response it triggers often leads to more serious adverse consequences. After the occurrence of viral infection, in addition to the adverse consequences of infection, chronic infections can also lead to virus-related autoimmune diseases and tumours. At the same time, the immune response triggered by viral infection is complex, and dysregulated immune response may lead to the occurrence of immune pathology and macrophage activation syndrome. In addition, it may cause secondary immune suppression, especially in patients with compromised immune system, which could lead to the occurrence of secondary infections by other pathogens. This can often result in more severe clinical outcomes. Therefore, regarding the treatment of viral infections, restoring the balance of the immune system is crucial in addition to specific antiviral medications. In recent years, scientists have made an interesting finding that low dose IL-2 (ld-IL-2) could potentially have a crucial function in regulating the immune system and reducing the chances of infection, especially viral infection. Ld-IL-2 exerts immune regulatory effects in different types of viral infections by modulating CD4+ T subsets, CD8+ T cells, natural killer cells, and so on. Our review summarised the role of IL-2 or IL-2 complexes in viral infections. Ld-IL-2 may be an effective strategy for enhancing host antiviral immunity and preventing infection from becoming chronic; additionally, the appropriate use of it can help prevent excessive inflammatory response after infection. In the long term, it may reduce the occurrence of infection-related autoimmune diseases and tumours by promoting the restoration of early immune homeostasis. Furthermore, we have also summarised the application of ld-IL-2 in the context of autoimmune diseases combined with viral infections; it may be a safe and effective strategy for restoring immune homeostasis without compromising the antiviral immune response. In conclusion, focusing on the role of ld-IL-2 in viral infections may provide a new perspective for regulating immune responses following viral infections and improving prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Su
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Immunomicroecology, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Immunomicroecology, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Immunomicroecology, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Gaofei Yan
- Second department, Hamony Long Stomatological Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Ruihe Wu
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Immunomicroecology, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Immunomicroecology, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Chong Gao
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital/Children's Hospital Boston, Joint Program in Transfusion Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Xiaofeng Li
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Immunomicroecology, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Caihong Wang
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Immunomicroecology, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
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2
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Hogeboom C. Does multiple sclerosis have a zoonotic origin? Correlations with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1217176. [PMID: 37398653 PMCID: PMC10313729 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1217176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
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Peng Q, Guo X, Luo Y, Wang G, Zhong L, Zhu J, Li Y, Zeng X, Feng Z. Dynamic Immune Landscape and VZV-Specific T Cell Responses in Patients With Herpes Zoster and Postherpetic Neuralgia. Front Immunol 2022; 13:887892. [PMID: 35720399 PMCID: PMC9199063 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.887892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) can induce herpes zoster (HZ) and postherpetic neuralgia (PHN). Immune cells play an important role in regulating HZ and PHN pathogenesis, but the dynamic immune profiles and molecular mechanisms remain unclear. This study aimed to screen dynamic immune signatures during HZ progression and elucidate the mechanism of VZV-specific T cells in PHN. Methods We used cytometry by time-of-flight (CyTOF) to analyze peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) samples from 45 patients with HZ and eight age-sex-matched healthy controls, eight PHN samples and seven non-PHN samples. Correlations between the immune subsets and clinical pain-related scores were performed. Further, the characteristics of VZV-specific T cells between PHN and non-PHN patients were evaluated by VZV peptide pools stimulation. The expression level of cytokines, including granzyme B, interleukin (IL)-2, interferon (IFN)-γ, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α was performed via cytometric bead array. Finally, we analyzed the alteration of Ca2+ signals in dorsal root ganglion (DRG)-derived cells after TNF-α stimulation. Results We investigated the dynamic characteristics of the immune landscape of peripheral blood samples of patients with HZ and PHN, and depicted two major dynamic signatures in NK, CD4+ and CD8+ T subsets in patients with HZ, which closely correlated with clinical pain-related scores. The frequency of PD-1+CD4+ T cells, VZV-specific PD-1+CD4+ T cells, and the amount of TNF-α produced by VZV-specific T cells were higher in patients with PHN than without PHN. Furthermore, we showed that TNF-α could induce calcium influx in DRG-derived cells in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusions Our results profiled the dynamic signatures of immune cells in patients with HZ and highlighted the important role of VZV-specific T cells in the pathogenesis of PHN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuejiao Guo
- Department of Pain Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yang Luo
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guocan Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lingyu Zhong
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiamin Zhu
- Department of Pain Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yunze Li
- Department of Pain Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xun Zeng
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhiying Feng
- Department of Pain Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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4
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Sabuz Vidal O, Deepika D, Schuhmacher M, Kumar V. EDC-induced mechanisms of immunotoxicity: a systematic review. Crit Rev Toxicol 2022; 51:634-652. [PMID: 35015608 DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2021.2009438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) refer to a group of chemicals that cause adverse effects in human health, impairing hormone production and regulation, resulting in alteration of homeostasis, reproductive, and developmental, and immune system impairments. The immunotoxicity of EDCs involves many mechanisms altering gene expression that depend on the activation of nuclear receptors such as the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), the estrogen receptor (ER), and the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR), which also results in skin and intestinal disorders, microbiota alterations and inflammatory diseases. This systematic review aims to review different mechanisms of immunotoxicity and immunomodulation of T cells, focusing on T regulatory (Treg) and Th17 subsets, B cells, and dendritic cells (DCs) caused by specific EDCs such as 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), bisphenols (BPs) and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs). To achieve this objective, a systematic study was conducted searching various databases including PubMed and Scopus to find in-vitro, in-vivo, and biomonitoring studies that examine EDC-dependent mechanisms of immunotoxicity. While doing the systematic review, we found species- and cell-specific outcomes and a translational gap between in-vitro and in-vivo experiments. Finally, an adverse outcome pathway (AOP) framework is proposed, which explains mechanistically toxicity endpoints emerging from different EDCs having similar key events and can help to improve our understanding of EDCs mechanisms of immunotoxicity. In conclusion, this review provides insights into the mechanisms of immunotoxicity mediated by EDCs and will help to improve human health risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Sabuz Vidal
- Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Departament d'Enginyeria Quimica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Deepika Deepika
- Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Departament d'Enginyeria Quimica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Marta Schuhmacher
- Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Departament d'Enginyeria Quimica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Vikas Kumar
- Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Departament d'Enginyeria Quimica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain.,IISPV, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Reus, Universitat Rovira I Virgili, Reus, Spain
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5
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Al-Utaibi KA, Nutini A, Sohail A, Arif R, Tunc S, Sait SM. Forecasting the action of CAR-T cells against SARS-corona virus-II infection with branching process. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 8:3413-3421. [PMID: 34667828 PMCID: PMC8516624 DOI: 10.1007/s40808-021-01312-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The CAR-T cells are the genetically engineered T cells, designed to work specifically for the virus antigens (or other antigens, such as tumour specific antigens). The CAR-T cells work as the living drug and thus provides an adoptive immunotherapy strategy. The novel corona virus treatment and control designs are still under clinical trials. One of such techniques is the injection of CAR-T cells to fight against the COVID-19 infection. In this manuscript, the hypothesis is based on the CAR-T cells, that are suitably engineered towards SARS-2 viral antigen, by the N protein. The N protein binds to the SARS-2 viral RNA and is found in abundance in this virus, thus for the engineered cell research, this protein sequence is chosen as a potential target. The use of the sub-population of T-reg cells is also outlined. Mathematical modeling of such complex line of action can help to understand the dynamics. The modeling approach is inspired from the probabilistic rules, including the branching process, the Moran process and kinetic models. The Moran processes are well recognized in the fields of artificial intelligence and data science. The model depicts the infectious axis “virus—CAR-T cells—memory cells”. The theoretical analysis provides a positive therapeutic action; the delay in viral production may have a significant impact on the early stages of infection. Although it is necessary to carefully evaluate the possible side effects of therapy. This work introduces the possibility of hypothesizing an antiviral use by CAR-T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled A Al-Utaibi
- Computer Science and Software Engineering Department, University of Ha'il, Ha'il, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alessandro Nutini
- Centro Studi Attività Motorie, Department of Biology and Biomechanics, 94 via di Tiglio, loc. Arancio, 55100 Lucca, Italy
| | - Ayesha Sohail
- Department of Mathematics, Comsats University Islamabad, Lahore, 54000 Pakistan
| | - Robia Arif
- Department of Mathematics, Comsats University Islamabad, Lahore, 54000 Pakistan
| | - Sümeyye Tunc
- Physiotherapy Programme, Vocational School of Sciences, Medipol University, Unkapanı, Atatürk Bulvarı, No: 27, Halic Campus, Fatih, 34083 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sadiq M Sait
- Center for Communications and IT Research, Research Institute, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran, 31261 Saudi Arabia
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Wan Z, Zhou Z, Liu Y, Lai Y, Luo Y, Peng X, Zou W. Regulatory T cells and T helper 17 cells in viral infection. Scand J Immunol 2020; 91:e12873. [PMID: 32090360 DOI: 10.1111/sji.12873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
CD4+ T cells are the central element of the adaptive immune responses and protect the body from a variety of pathogens. Starting from naive cells, CD4+ T cells can differentiate into various effector cell subsets with specialized functions including T helper (Th) 1, Th2, Th17, regulatory T (Treg) and T follicular helper (Tfh) cells. Among them, Tregs and Th17 cells show a strong plasticity allowing the functional adaptation to various physiological and pathological environments during immune responses. Although they are derived from the same precursor cells and their differentiation pathways are interrelated, the terminally differentiated cells have totally opposite functions. Studies have shown that Tregs and Th17 cells have rather complex interplays in viral infection: Th17 cells may contribute to immune activation and disease progression while Tregs may inhibit this process and play a key role in the maintenance of immune homoeostasis, possibly at the cost of compromised viral control. In this review, we take respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), hepatitis B virus (HBV)/hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections as examples to discuss these interplays and their impacts on disease progression in viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhikai Wan
- Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhifeng Zhou
- Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yao Liu
- Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yuhan Lai
- Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yuan Luo
- Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiaoping Peng
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Wei Zou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
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7
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Daniels KA, O'Donnell CL, Castonguay C, Strutt TM, McKinstry KK, Swain SL, Welsh RM. Virus-induced natural killer cell lysis of T cell subsets. Virology 2019; 539:26-37. [PMID: 31670188 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2019.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In addition to direct anti-viral activity, NK cells regulate viral pathogenesis by virtue of their cytolytic attack on activated CD4 and CD8 T cells. To gain insight into which differentiated T cell subsets are preferred NK targets, transgenic T cells were differentiated in vitro into Th0, Th1, Th2, Th17, Treg, Tc1, and Tc2 effector cells and then tested for lysis by enriched populations of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV)-induced activated NK cells. There was a distinct hierarchy of cytotoxicity in vitro and in vivo, with Treg, Th17, and Th2 cells being more sensitive and Th0 and Th1 cells more resistant. Some distinctions between in vitro vs in vivo generated T cells were explainable by type 1 interferon induction of class 1 histocompatibility antigens on the effector T cell subsets. NK receptor (NKR)-deficient mice and anti-NKR antibody studies identified no one essential NKR for killing, though there could be redundancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith A Daniels
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 368 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Carey L O'Donnell
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 368 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Catherine Castonguay
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 368 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Tara M Strutt
- Immunity and Pathogenesis Division, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32827, USA; NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32826, USA
| | - K Kai McKinstry
- Immunity and Pathogenesis Division, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32827, USA; NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32826, USA
| | - Susan L Swain
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 368 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Raymond M Welsh
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 368 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA.
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8
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Ambrosio LF, Insfran C, Volpini X, Acosta Rodriguez E, Serra HM, Quintana FJ, Cervi L, Motrán CC. Role of Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor (AhR) in the Regulation of Immunity and Immunopathology During Trypanosoma cruzi Infection. Front Immunol 2019; 10:631. [PMID: 30984194 PMCID: PMC6450169 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistance to Trypanosoma cruzi infection is dependent on a rapid induction of Th1-type and CD8+ T cell responses that should be promptly balanced to prevent immunopathology. T. cruzi-infected B6 mice are able to control parasite replication but show a limited expansion of Foxp3+regulatory T (Treg) cells that results in the accumulation of effector immune cells and the development of acute liver pathology. AhR is a ligand-activated transcription factor that promotes Treg cell development and suppression of pro-inflammatory cytokine production in dendritic cells, altering the course of adaptive immune response and the development of immunopathology. Here, we used different AhR-dependent activation strategies aiming to improve the Treg response, and B6 congenic mice carrying a mutant AhR variant with low affinity for its ligands (AhRd) to evaluate the role of AhR activation by natural ligands during experimental T. cruzi infection. The outcome of TCDD or 3-HK plus ITE treatments indicated that strong or weak AhR activation before or during T. cruzi infection was effective to regulate inflammation improving the Treg cell response and regularizing the ratio between CD4+ CD25- to Treg cells. However, AhR activation shifted the host-parasite balance to the parasite replication. Weak AhR activation resulted in Treg promotion while strong activation differentially modulated the susceptibility and resistance of cell death in activated T and Treg cells and the increase in TGF-β-producing Treg cells. Of note, T. cruzi-infected AhRd mice showed low levels of Treg cells associated with strong Th1-type response, low parasite burden and absence of liver pathology. These mice developed a Treg- and Tr1-independent mechanism of Th1 constriction showing increased levels of systemic IL-10 and IL-10-secreting CD4+ splenocytes. In addition, AhR activation induced by exogenous ligands had negative effects on the development of memory CD8+ T cell subsets while the lack/very weak activation in AhRd mice showed opposite results, suggesting that AhR ligation restricts the differentiation of memory CD8+T cell subsets. We propose a model in which a threshold of AhR activation exists and may explain how activation or inhibition of AhR-derived signals by infection/inflammation-induced ligands, therapeutic interventions or exposure to pollutants can modulate infections/diseases outcomes or vaccination efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Fernanda Ambrosio
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.,Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Constanza Insfran
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.,Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Ximena Volpini
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.,Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Eva Acosta Rodriguez
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.,Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Horacio Marcelo Serra
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.,Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Francisco J Quintana
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Laura Cervi
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.,Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Claudia Cristina Motrán
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.,Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina
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Jin L, Ge H, Long Y, Yang C, Chang YE, Mu L, Sayour EJ, De Leon G, Wang QJ, Yang JC, Kubilis PS, Bao H, Xia S, Lu D, Kong Y, Hu L, Shang Y, Jiang C, Nie J, Li S, Gu Y, Sun J, Mitchell DA, Lin Z, Huang J. CD70, a novel target of CAR T-cell therapy for gliomas. Neuro Oncol 2019. [PMID: 28651374 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nox116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cancer immunotherapy represents a promising treatment approach for malignant gliomas but is hampered by the limited number of ubiquitously expressed tumor antigens and the profoundly immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. We identified cluster of differentiation (CD)70 as a novel immunosuppressive ligand and glioma target. Methods Normal tissues derived from 52 different organs and primary and recurrent low-grade gliomas (LGGs) and glioblastomas (GBMs) were thoroughly evaluated for CD70 gene and protein expression. The association between CD70 and patients' overall survival and its impact on T-cell death was also evaluated. Human and mouse CD70-specific chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) were tested respectively against human primary GBMs and murine glioma lines. The antitumor efficacies of these CARs were also examined in orthotopic xenograft and syngeneic models. Results CD70 was not detected in peripheral and brain normal tissues but was constitutively overexpressed by isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) wild-type primary LGGs and GBMs in the mesenchymal subgroup and recurrent tumors. CD70 was also associated with poor survival in these subgroups, which may link to its direct involvement in glioma chemokine productions and selective induction of CD8+ T-cell death. To explore the potential for therapeutic targeting of this newly identified immunosuppressive axis in GBM tumors, we demonstrate that both human and mouse CD70-specific CAR T cells recognize primary CD70+ GBM tumors in vitro and mediate the regression of established GBM in xenograft and syngeneic models without illicit effect. Conclusion These studies identify a previously uncharacterized and ubiquitously expressed immunosuppressive ligand CD70 in GBMs that also holds potential for serving as a novel CAR target for cancer immunotherapy in gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linchun Jin
- UF Brain Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Preston A. Wells Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, Lillian S. Wells Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.,Fourth Section of the Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University(HMU), Harbin, China
| | - Haitao Ge
- Fourth Section of the Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University(HMU), Harbin, China
| | - Yu Long
- UF Brain Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Preston A. Wells Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, Lillian S. Wells Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.,Fourth Section of the Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University(HMU), Harbin, China
| | - Changlin Yang
- UF Brain Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Preston A. Wells Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, Lillian S. Wells Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Yifan Emily Chang
- UF Brain Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Preston A. Wells Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, Lillian S. Wells Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.,Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Luyan Mu
- Fourth Section of the Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University(HMU), Harbin, China
| | - Elias J Sayour
- UF Brain Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Preston A. Wells Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, Lillian S. Wells Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Gabriel De Leon
- UF Brain Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Preston A. Wells Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, Lillian S. Wells Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.,Duke University Medical Center, Department of Surgery, Division of Applied Therapeutics, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Qiong J Wang
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Oncology Research, MedImmune, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | - James C Yang
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Paul S Kubilis
- UF Brain Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Preston A. Wells Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, Lillian S. Wells Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Hongbo Bao
- Fourth Section of the Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University(HMU), Harbin, China
| | - Songsong Xia
- Fourth Section of the Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University(HMU), Harbin, China
| | - Dunyue Lu
- Fourth Section of the Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University(HMU), Harbin, China
| | - Yingjun Kong
- Second Section of the Department of Pulmonary Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Li Hu
- Fourth Section of the Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University(HMU), Harbin, China
| | - Yujiao Shang
- Second Section of the Department of Pulmonary Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Chencheng Jiang
- Second Section of the Department of Pulmonary Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jing Nie
- Second Section of the Department of Pulmonary Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Shimin Li
- Second Section of the Department of Pulmonary Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yunhe Gu
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jiahang Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Duane A Mitchell
- UF Brain Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Preston A. Wells Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, Lillian S. Wells Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Zhiguo Lin
- Fourth Section of the Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University(HMU), Harbin, China
| | - Jianping Huang
- UF Brain Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Preston A. Wells Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, Lillian S. Wells Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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10
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Sustained IFN-I Expression during Established Persistent Viral Infection: A "Bad Seed" for Protective Immunity. Viruses 2017; 10:v10010012. [PMID: 29301196 PMCID: PMC5795425 DOI: 10.3390/v10010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Type I interferons (IFN-I) are one of the primary immune defenses against viruses. Similar to all other molecular mechanisms that are central to eliciting protective immune responses, IFN-I expression is subject to homeostatic controls that regulate cytokine levels upon clearing the infection. However, in the case of established persistent viral infection, sustained elevation of IFN-I expression bears deleterious effects to the host and is today considered as the major driver of inflammation and immunosuppression. In fact, numerous emerging studies place sustained IFN-I expression as a common nexus in the pathogenesis of multiple chronic diseases including persistent infections with the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV), as well as the rodent-borne lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus clone 13 (LCMV clone 13). In this review, we highlight recent studies illustrating the molecular dysregulation and resultant cellular dysfunction in both innate and adaptive immune responses driven by sustained IFN-I expression. Here, we place particular emphasis on the efficacy of IFN-I receptor (IFNR) blockade towards improving immune responses against viral infections given the emerging therapeutic approach of blocking IFNR using neutralizing antibodies (Abs) in chronically infected patients.
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11
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Lerner A, Arleevskaya M, Schmiedl A, Matthias T. Microbes and Viruses Are Bugging the Gut in Celiac Disease. Are They Friends or Foes? Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1392. [PMID: 28824555 PMCID: PMC5539691 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The links between microorganisms/viruses and autoimmunity are complex and multidirectional. A huge number of studies demonstrated the triggering impact of microbes and viruses as the major environmental factors on the autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. However, growing evidences suggest that infectious agents can also play a protective role or even abrogate these processes. This protective crosstalk between microbes/viruses and us might represent a mutual beneficial equilibrium relationship between two cohabiting ecosystems. The protective pathways might involve post-translational modification of proteins, decreased intestinal permeability, Th1 to Th2 immune shift, induction of apoptosis, auto-aggressive cells relocation from the target organ, immunosuppressive extracellular vesicles and down regulation of auto-reactive cells by the microbial derived proteins. Our analysis demonstrates that the interaction of the microorganisms/viruses and celiac disease (CD) is always a set of multidirectional processes. A deeper inquiry into the CD interplay with Herpes viruses and Helicobacter pylori demonstrates that the role of these infections, suggested to be potential CD protectors, is not as controversial as for the other infectious agents. The outcome of these interactions might be due to a balance between these multidirectional processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Lerner
- The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion Israel Institute of TechnologyHaifa, Israel.,Department of Research, AESKU.KIPP InstituteWendelsheim, Germany
| | - Marina Arleevskaya
- Central Research Laboratory, Kazan State Medical Academy KazanKazan, Russia
| | - Andreas Schmiedl
- Department of Research, AESKU.KIPP InstituteWendelsheim, Germany
| | - Torsten Matthias
- Department of Research, AESKU.KIPP InstituteWendelsheim, Germany
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12
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Snell LM, McGaha TL, Brooks DG. Type I Interferon in Chronic Virus Infection and Cancer. Trends Immunol 2017; 38:542-557. [PMID: 28579323 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2017.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 279] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Type I interferons (IFN-Is) are emerging as key drivers of inflammation and immunosuppression in chronic infection. Control of these infections requires IFN-I signaling; however, prolonged IFN-I signaling can lead to immune dysfunction. IFN-Is are also emerging as double-edged swords in cancer, providing necessary inflammatory signals, while initiating feedback suppression in both immune and cancer cells. Here, we review the proinflammatory and suppressive mechanisms potentiated by IFN-Is during chronic virus infections and discuss the similar, newly emerging dichotomy in cancer. We then discuss how this understanding is leading to new therapeutic concepts and immunotherapy combinations. We propose that, by modulating the immune response at its foundation, it may be possible to widely reshape immunity to control these chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M Snell
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center, Tumor Immunotherapy Program, University Health Network, Toronto, ONT, M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - Tracy L McGaha
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center, Tumor Immunotherapy Program, University Health Network, Toronto, ONT, M5G 2M9, Canada; Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ONT, M5S 1A8, Canada.
| | - David G Brooks
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center, Tumor Immunotherapy Program, University Health Network, Toronto, ONT, M5G 2M9, Canada; Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ONT, M5S 1A8, Canada.
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13
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Broad TCR repertoire and diverse structural solutions for recognition of an immunodominant CD8 + T cell epitope. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2017; 24:395-406. [PMID: 28250417 PMCID: PMC5383516 DOI: 10.1038/nsmb.3383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A keystone of antiviral immunity is CD8 T-cell recognition of viral peptides bound to MHC-I proteins. The recognition mode of individual T cell receptors (TCRs) has been studied in some detail, but how TCR variation functions in providing a robust response to viral antigen is unclear. The influenza M1 epitope is an immunodominant target of CD8 T cells helping to control influenza in HLA-A2+ individuals. Here, we show that many distinct TCRs are used by CD8 T cells to recognize HLA-A2/M1, encoding different structural solutions to the problem of specifically recognizing a relatively featureless peptide antigen. The vast majority of responding TCRs target small clefts between peptide and MHC. These broad repertoires lead to plasticity in antigen recognition and protection against T cell clonal loss and viral escape.
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14
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Davidson S, Maini MK, Wack A. Disease-promoting effects of type I interferons in viral, bacterial, and coinfections. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2015; 35:252-64. [PMID: 25714109 PMCID: PMC4389918 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2014.0227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
While type I interferons (IFNs) are universally acknowledged for their antiviral and immunostimulatory functions, there is increasing appreciation of the detrimental effects of inappropriate, excessive, or mistimed type I IFN responses in viral and bacterial infections. The underlying mechanisms by which type I IFNs promote susceptibility or severity include direct tissue damage by apoptosis induction or suppression of proliferation in tissue cells, immunopathology due to excessive inflammation, and cell death induced by TRAIL- and Fas-expressing immune cells, as well as immunosuppression through IL-10, IL-27, PD-L1, IL-1Ra, and other regulatory molecules that antagonize the induction or action of IL-1, IL-12, IL-17, IFN-γ, KC, and other effectors of the immune response. Bacterial superinfections following influenza infection are a prominent example of a situation where type I IFNs can misdirect the immune response. This review discusses current understanding of the parameters of signal strength, duration, timing, location, and cellular recipients that determine whether type I IFNs have beneficial or detrimental effects in infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Davidson
- 1 Division of Immunoregulation, MRC National Institute for Medical Research , Mill Hill, London, United Kingdom
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