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Ando K, Küçükali F, Doeraene E, Nagaraj S, Antonelli EM, Thazin Htut M, Yilmaz Z, Kosa AC, Lopez-Guitierrez L, Quintanilla-Sánchez C, Aydin E, Ramos AR, Mansour S, Turbant S, Schurmans S, Sleegers K, Erneux C, Brion JP, Leroy K. Alteration of gene expression and protein solubility of the PI 5-phosphatase SHIP2 are correlated with Alzheimer's disease pathology progression. Acta Neuropathol 2024; 147:94. [PMID: 38833073 PMCID: PMC11150309 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-024-02745-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
A recent large genome-wide association study has identified EGFR (encoding the epidermal growth factor EGFR) as a new genetic risk factor for late-onset AD. SHIP2, encoded by INPPL1, is taking part in the signalling and interactome of several growth factor receptors, such as the EGFR. While INPPL1 has been identified as one of the most significant genes whose RNA expression correlates with cognitive decline, the potential alteration of SHIP2 expression and localization during the progression of AD remains largely unknown. Here we report that gene expression of both EGFR and INPPL1 was upregulated in AD brains. SHIP2 immunoreactivity was predominantly detected in plaque-associated astrocytes and dystrophic neurites and its increase was correlated with amyloid load in the brain of human AD and of 5xFAD transgenic mouse model of AD. While mRNA of INPPL1 was increased in AD, SHIP2 protein undergoes a significant solubility change being depleted from the soluble fraction of AD brain homogenates and co-enriched with EGFR in the insoluble fraction. Using FRET-based flow cytometry biosensor assay for tau-tau interaction, overexpression of SHIP2 significantly increased the FRET signal while siRNA-mediated downexpression of SHIP2 significantly decreased FRET signal. Genetic association analyses suggest that some variants in INPPL1 locus are associated with the level of CSF pTau. Our data support the hypothesis that SHIP2 is an intermediate key player of EGFR and AD pathology linking amyloid and tau pathologies in human AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunie Ando
- Alzheimer and Other Tauopathies Research Group, ULB Neuroscience Institute (UNI), ULB Center for Diabetes Research (UCDR), Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 808 Route de Lennik, Bldg GE, 1070, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Fahri Küçükali
- Complex Genetics of Alzheimer's Disease Group, VIB Center for Molecular Neurology, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Emilie Doeraene
- Alzheimer and Other Tauopathies Research Group, ULB Neuroscience Institute (UNI), ULB Center for Diabetes Research (UCDR), Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 808 Route de Lennik, Bldg GE, 1070, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Siranjeevi Nagaraj
- Alzheimer and Other Tauopathies Research Group, ULB Neuroscience Institute (UNI), ULB Center for Diabetes Research (UCDR), Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 808 Route de Lennik, Bldg GE, 1070, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Eugenia Maria Antonelli
- Alzheimer and Other Tauopathies Research Group, ULB Neuroscience Institute (UNI), ULB Center for Diabetes Research (UCDR), Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 808 Route de Lennik, Bldg GE, 1070, Brussels, Belgium
| | - May Thazin Htut
- Alzheimer and Other Tauopathies Research Group, ULB Neuroscience Institute (UNI), ULB Center for Diabetes Research (UCDR), Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 808 Route de Lennik, Bldg GE, 1070, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Zehra Yilmaz
- Laboratory of Histology, Neuroanatomy and Neuropathology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, ULB Neuroscience Institute (UNI), 808 Route de Lennik, 1070, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Andreea-Claudia Kosa
- Alzheimer and Other Tauopathies Research Group, ULB Neuroscience Institute (UNI), ULB Center for Diabetes Research (UCDR), Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 808 Route de Lennik, Bldg GE, 1070, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Lidia Lopez-Guitierrez
- Alzheimer and Other Tauopathies Research Group, ULB Neuroscience Institute (UNI), ULB Center for Diabetes Research (UCDR), Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 808 Route de Lennik, Bldg GE, 1070, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Carolina Quintanilla-Sánchez
- Alzheimer and Other Tauopathies Research Group, ULB Neuroscience Institute (UNI), ULB Center for Diabetes Research (UCDR), Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 808 Route de Lennik, Bldg GE, 1070, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Emmanuel Aydin
- Alzheimer and Other Tauopathies Research Group, ULB Neuroscience Institute (UNI), ULB Center for Diabetes Research (UCDR), Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 808 Route de Lennik, Bldg GE, 1070, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ana Raquel Ramos
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Research in Molecular Human Biology (IRIBHM), Université Libre de Bruxelles, 808 Route de Lennik, 1070, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Salwa Mansour
- Laboratory of Histology, Neuroanatomy and Neuropathology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, ULB Neuroscience Institute (UNI), 808 Route de Lennik, 1070, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sabrina Turbant
- Biobanque Neuro-CEB, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpétrière, Paris, France
- Plateforme de Ressources Biologiques (PRB), Hôpital de La Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Stéphane Schurmans
- Laboratory of Functional Genetics, GIGA Research Centre, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Kristel Sleegers
- Complex Genetics of Alzheimer's Disease Group, VIB Center for Molecular Neurology, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Christophe Erneux
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Research in Molecular Human Biology (IRIBHM), Université Libre de Bruxelles, 808 Route de Lennik, 1070, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jean-Pierre Brion
- Alzheimer and Other Tauopathies Research Group, ULB Neuroscience Institute (UNI), ULB Center for Diabetes Research (UCDR), Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 808 Route de Lennik, Bldg GE, 1070, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Karelle Leroy
- Alzheimer and Other Tauopathies Research Group, ULB Neuroscience Institute (UNI), ULB Center for Diabetes Research (UCDR), Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 808 Route de Lennik, Bldg GE, 1070, Brussels, Belgium.
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Shchelkunov SN, Bauer TV, Yakubitskiy SN, Sergeev AA, Kabanov AS, Pyankov SA. [Mutations in the A34R gene increase the immunogenicity of vaccinia virus]. Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genet Selektsii 2021; 25:139-146. [PMID: 34901711 PMCID: PMC8627874 DOI: 10.18699/vj21.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Самым простым и надежным способом защиты от вирусных инфекций является вакцинопрофилактика. При этом наибольшей протективной эффективностью обладают живые вакцины, в основе которых
используют слабовирулентные для человека вирусы, близкородственные патогенным, или аттенуированные
(ослабленные за счет мутаций/делеций в вирусном геноме) варианты патогенного для человека вируса. Вакцинация против оспы с использованием живого вируса осповакцины (vaccinia virus, VACV), близкородственного вирусу натуральной оспы, сыграла важнейшую роль в успехе программы глобальной ликвидации оспы,
которая осуществлялась под эгидой Всемирной организации здравоохранения. Прекращение после 1980 г.
противооспенной вакцинации привело к тому, что огромная часть населения Земли в настоящее время не
имеет иммунитета не только к оспе, но и любым другим зоонозным ортопоксвирусным инфекциям. Это создает возможность циркуляции зоонозных ортопоксвирусов в человеческой популяции и, как следствие, приводит к изменению экологии и круга чувствительных хозяев для разных видов ортопоксвирусов. При этом
использование классической живой вакцины на основе VACV для защиты от этих инфекций в настоящее время не приемлемо, так как она может обусловливать тяжелые побочные реакции. В связи с этим все более
актуальной становится разработка новых безопасных вакцин против ортопоксвирусных инфекций человека
и животных. Аттенуация (ослабление вирулентности) VACV достигается в результате направленной инактивации определенных генов вируса и обычно приводит к уменьшению эффективности размножения VACV in vivo.
Следствием этого может быть снижение иммунного ответа при введении аттенуированного вируса пациентам в стандартных дозах. Часто используемым для встройки/инактивации в геноме VACV является ген тимидинкиназы, нарушение которого приводит к аттенуации вируса. В данной работе изучено, как введение двух
точечных мутаций в ген A34R аттенуированного штамма LIVP-GFP (ТК-), увеличивающих выход внеклеточных
оболочечных вирионов (EEV), влияет на свойства пато- и иммуногенности варианта VACV LIVP-GFP-A34R при
интраназальном заражении лабораторных мышей. Показано, что увеличение продукции EEV рекомбинантным штаммом VACV LIVP-GFP-A34R не меняет аттенуированный фенотип, характерный для родительского
штамма LIVP-GFP, но приводит к существенно большей продукции VACV-специфичных антител.
Ключевые слова: вирус осповакцины; направленные мутации; аттенуация; иммуногенность.
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Affiliation(s)
- S N Shchelkunov
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology "Vector", Rospotrebnadzor, Koltsovo, Novosibirsk region, Russia Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - T V Bauer
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology "Vector", Rospotrebnadzor, Koltsovo, Novosibirsk region, Russia
| | - S N Yakubitskiy
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology "Vector", Rospotrebnadzor, Koltsovo, Novosibirsk region, Russia
| | - A A Sergeev
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology "Vector", Rospotrebnadzor, Koltsovo, Novosibirsk region, Russia
| | - A S Kabanov
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology "Vector", Rospotrebnadzor, Koltsovo, Novosibirsk region, Russia
| | - S A Pyankov
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology "Vector", Rospotrebnadzor, Koltsovo, Novosibirsk region, Russia
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Enhancing the Protective Immune Response to Administration of a LIVP-GFP Live Attenuated Vaccinia Virus to Mice. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10030377. [PMID: 33801026 PMCID: PMC8004012 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10030377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Following the WHO announcement of smallpox eradication, discontinuation of smallpox vaccination with vaccinia virus (VACV) was recommended. However, interest in VACV was soon renewed due to the opportunity of genetic engineering of the viral genome by directed insertion of foreign genes or introduction of mutations or deletions into selected viral genes. This genomic technology enabled production of stable attenuated VACV strains producing antigens of various infectious agents. Due to an increasing threat of human orthopoxvirus re-emergence, the development of safe highly immunogenic live orthopoxvirus vaccines using genetic engineering methods has been the challenge in recent years. In this study, we investigated an attenuated VACV LIVP-GFP (TK-) strain having an insertion of the green fluorescent protein gene into the viral thymidine kinase gene, which was generated on the basis of the LIVP (Lister-Institute for Viral Preparations) strain used in Russia as the first generation smallpox vaccine. We studied the effect of A34R gene modification and A35R gene deletion on the immunogenic and protective properties of the LIVP-GFP strain. The obtained data demonstrate that intradermal inoculation of the studied viruses induces higher production of VACV-specific antibodies compared to their levels after intranasal administration. Introduction of two point mutations into the A34R gene, which increase the yield of extracellular enveloped virions, and deletion of the A35R gene, the protein product of which inhibits presentation of antigens by MHC II, enhances protective potency of the created LIVP-TK--A34R*-dA35R virus against secondary lethal orthopoxvirus infection of BALB/c mice even at an intradermal dose as low as 103 plaque forming units (PFU)/mouse. This virus may be considered not only as a candidate attenuated live vaccine against smallpox and other human orthopoxvirus infections but also as a vector platform for development of safe multivalent live vaccines against other infectious diseases using genetic engineering methods.
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Shchelkunov SN, Yakubitskiy SN, Bauer TV, Sergeev AA, Kabanov AS, Bulichev LE, Yurganova IA, Odnoshevskiy DA, Kolosova IV, Pyankov SA, Taranov OS. The Influence of an Elevated Production of Extracellular Enveloped Virions of the Vaccinia Virus on Its Properties in Infected Mice. Acta Naturae 2020; 12:120-132. [PMID: 33456984 PMCID: PMC7800600 DOI: 10.32607/actanaturae.10972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The modern approach to developing attenuated smallpox vaccines usually consists in targeted inactivation of vaccinia virus (VACV) virulence genes. In this work, we studied how an elevated production of extracellular enveloped virions (EEVs) and the route of mouse infection can influence the virulence and immunogenicity of VACV. The research subject was the LIVP strain, which is used in Russia for smallpox vaccination. Two point mutations causing an elevated production of EEVs compared with the parental LIVP strain were inserted into the sequence of the VACV A34R gene. The created mutant LIVP-A34R strain showed lower neurovirulence in an intracerebral injection test and elevated antibody production in the intradermal injection method. This VACV variant can be a promising platform for developing an attenuated, highly immunogenic vaccine against smallpox and other orthopoxvirus infections. It can also be used as a vector for designing live-attenuated recombinant polyvalent vaccines against various infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. N. Shchelkunov
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology VECTOR, Rospoterbnadzor, Novosibirsk region, Koltsovo, 630559 Russia
| | - S. N. Yakubitskiy
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology VECTOR, Rospoterbnadzor, Novosibirsk region, Koltsovo, 630559 Russia
| | - T. V. Bauer
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology VECTOR, Rospoterbnadzor, Novosibirsk region, Koltsovo, 630559 Russia
| | - A. A. Sergeev
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology VECTOR, Rospoterbnadzor, Novosibirsk region, Koltsovo, 630559 Russia
| | - A. S. Kabanov
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology VECTOR, Rospoterbnadzor, Novosibirsk region, Koltsovo, 630559 Russia
| | - L. E. Bulichev
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology VECTOR, Rospoterbnadzor, Novosibirsk region, Koltsovo, 630559 Russia
| | - I. A. Yurganova
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology VECTOR, Rospoterbnadzor, Novosibirsk region, Koltsovo, 630559 Russia
| | - D. A. Odnoshevskiy
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology VECTOR, Rospoterbnadzor, Novosibirsk region, Koltsovo, 630559 Russia
| | - I. V. Kolosova
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology VECTOR, Rospoterbnadzor, Novosibirsk region, Koltsovo, 630559 Russia
| | - S. A. Pyankov
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology VECTOR, Rospoterbnadzor, Novosibirsk region, Koltsovo, 630559 Russia
| | - O. S. Taranov
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology VECTOR, Rospoterbnadzor, Novosibirsk region, Koltsovo, 630559 Russia
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Ramos AR, Ghosh S, Dedobbeleer M, Robe PA, Rogister B, Erneux C. Lipid phosphatases SKIP and SHIP2 regulate fibronectin-dependent cell migration in glioblastoma. FEBS J 2019; 286:1120-1135. [PMID: 30695232 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cell migration is an important process that occurs during development and has also been linked to the motility of cancer cells. Cytoskeleton reorganization takes place in the migration process leading to lamellipodia formation. Understanding the molecular underpinnings of cell migration is particularly important in studies of glioblastoma, a highly invasive and aggressive cancer type. Two members of the phosphoinositide 5-phosphatase family, SKIP and SHIP2, have been associated with cell migration in glioblastoma; however, the precise role these enzymes play in the process-and whether they work in concert-remains unclear. Here, we compared phosphoinositide 5-phosphatases expression in glioblastoma primary cells and cell lines and showed that SHIP2 and SKIP expression greatly varies between different cell types, while OCRL, another phosphoinositide 5-phosphatase, is constitutively expressed. Upon adhesion of U-251 MG cells to fibronectin, SHIP2, SKIP, and PI(4,5)P2 colocalized in membrane ruffles. Upregulation of PI(4,5)P2 was observed in SKIP-depleted U-251 MG cells compared to control cells, but only when cells were adhered to fibronectin. Both PTEN-deficient (U-251) and PTEN-containing (LN229) glioblastoma cells showed a decrease in cell migration velocity in response to SKIP downregulation. Moreover, a SHIP2 catalytic inhibitor lowered cell migration velocity in the U-251 MG cell line. We conclude that integrin activation in U-251 cells leads to colocalization of both SKIP and SHIP2 in ruffles, where they act as potential drivers of cell migration. Depending on their expression levels in glioblastoma, phosphoinositide 5-phosphatases could cooperate and synergize in the regulation of cell migration and adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Pierre A Robe
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Utrecht University Medical Center, The Netherlands
| | - Bernard Rogister
- GIGA-Neurosciences Research Center, Université de Liège, Belgium
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Li J, Yin W, Jing Y, Kang D, Yang L, Cheng J, Yu Z, Peng Z, Li X, Wen Y, Sun X, Ren B, Liu C. The Coordination Between B Cell Receptor Signaling and the Actin Cytoskeleton During B Cell Activation. Front Immunol 2019; 9:3096. [PMID: 30687315 PMCID: PMC6333714 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.03096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
B-cell activation plays a crucial part in the immune system and is initiated via interaction between the B cell receptor (BCR) and specific antigens. In recent years with the help of modern imaging techniques, it was found that the cortical actin cytoskeleton changes dramatically during B-cell activation. In this review, we discuss how actin-cytoskeleton reorganization regulates BCR signaling in different stages of B-cell activation, specifically when stimulated by antigens, and also how this reorganization is mediated by BCR signaling molecules. Abnormal BCR signaling is associated with the progression of lymphoma and immunological diseases including autoimmune disorders, and recent studies have proved that impaired actin cytoskeleton can devastate the normal activation of B cells. Therefore, to figure out the coordination between the actin cytoskeleton and BCR signaling may reveal an underlying mechanism of B-cell activation, which has potential for new treatments for B-cell associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Li
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Yin
- Wuhan Children's Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yukai Jing
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Danqing Kang
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lu Yang
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiali Cheng
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ze Yu
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zican Peng
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xingbo Li
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yue Wen
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xizi Sun
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Boxu Ren
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
- Clinical Molecular Immunology Center, School of Medicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Chaohong Liu
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Wang Z, Nie Y, Zhang K, Xu H, Ramelot TA, Kennedy MA, Liu M, Zhu J, Yang Y. Solution structure of SHIP2 SH2 domain and its interaction with a phosphotyrosine peptide from c-MET. Arch Biochem Biophys 2018; 656:31-37. [PMID: 30165040 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2018.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
SH2 domain-containing inositol 5-phosphatase 2 (SHIP2) binds with the Y1356-phosphorylated hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) receptor, c-MET, through its SH2 domain, which is essential for the role of SHIP2 in HGF-induced cell scattering and cell spreading. Previously, the experimental structure of the SH2 domain from SHIP2 (SHIP2-SH2) had not been reported, and its interaction with the Y1356-phosphorylated c-MET had not been investigated from a structural point of view. In this study, the solution structure of SHIP2-SH2 was determined by NMR spectroscopy, where it was found to adopt a typical SH2-domain fold that contains a positively-charged pocket for binding to phosphotyrosine (pY). The interaction between SHIP2-SH2 and a pY-containing peptide from c-MET (Y1356 phosphorylated) was investigated through NMR titrations. The results showed that the binding affinity of SHIP2-SH2 with the phosphopeptide is at low micromolar level, and the binding interface consists of the positively-charged pocket and its surrounding regions. Furthermore, R28, S49 and R70 were identified as key residues for the binding and may directly interact with the pY. Taken together, these findings provide structural insights into the binding of SHIP2-SH2 with the Y1356-phosphorylated c-MET, and lay a foundation for further studies of the interactions between SHIP2-SH2 and its various binding partners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic Molecular Physics, Wuhan Center for Magnetic Resonance, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yao Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic Molecular Physics, Wuhan Center for Magnetic Resonance, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Kunxiao Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, Huaihai Institute of Technology, Lianyungang, 222005, China
| | - Henghao Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, Huaihai Institute of Technology, Lianyungang, 222005, China
| | - Theresa A Ramelot
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Northeast Structural Genomics Consortium, Miami University, Oxford, OH, 45056, United States
| | - Michael A Kennedy
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Northeast Structural Genomics Consortium, Miami University, Oxford, OH, 45056, United States
| | - Maili Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic Molecular Physics, Wuhan Center for Magnetic Resonance, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Jiang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic Molecular Physics, Wuhan Center for Magnetic Resonance, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China.
| | - Yunhuang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic Molecular Physics, Wuhan Center for Magnetic Resonance, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China.
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Improved immune response against HIV-1 Env antigen by enhancing EEV production via a K151E mutation in the A34R gene of replication-competent vaccinia virus Tiantan. Antiviral Res 2018; 153:49-59. [DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2018.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Thomas MP, Erneux C, Potter BVL. SHIP2: Structure, Function and Inhibition. Chembiochem 2017; 18:233-247. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201600541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark P. Thomas
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology; University of Bath; Claverton Down Bath BA2 7AY UK
| | - Christophe Erneux
- I.R.I.B.H.M.; Université Libre de Bruxelles; Campus Erasme 808 Route de Lennik 1070 Brussels Belgium
| | - Barry V. L. Potter
- Drug Discovery and Medicinal Chemistry; Department of Pharmacology; University of Oxford; Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3QT UK
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10
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Edimo WE, Ghosh S, Derua R, Janssens V, Waelkens E, Vanderwinden JM, Robe P, Erneux C. SHIP2 controls plasma membrane PI(4,5)P2 thereby participating in the control of cell migration in 1321 N1 glioblastoma. J Cell Sci 2016; 129:1101-14. [DOI: 10.1242/jcs.179663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphoinositides, particularly PI(3,4,5)P3, and PI(4,5)P2, are recognized by SHIP2 a member of the inositol polyphosphate 5-phosphatase family. SHIP2 dephosphorylates PI(3,4,5)P3 to form PI(3,4)P2; the latter interacts with specific target proteins (e.g. lamellipodin). Although the SHIP2 preferred substrate is PI(3,4,5)P3, PI(4,5)P2 could also be dephosphorylated to PI4P. Through depletion of SHIP2 in a glioblastoma cell line 1321 N1 cells, we show that SHIP2 inhibits cell migration. In different glioblastoma cell lines and primary cultures, SHIP2 staining at the plasma membrane partly overlaps with PI(4,5)P2 immunoreactivity. PI(4,5)P2 was upregulated in SHIP2-deficient N1 cells as compared to control cells; in contrast, PI4P was very much decreased in SHIP2-deficient cells. Therefore, SHIP2 controls both PI(3,4,5)P3 and PI(4,5)P2 levels in intact cells. In N1 cells, the PI(4,5)P2 binding protein myosin-1c was identified as a new interactor of SHIP2. Regulation of PI(4,5)P2 and PI4P content by SHIP2 controls N1 cell migration through the organization of focal adhesions. Thus, our results reveal a novel role of SHIP2 in the control of PI(4,5)P2, PI4P and cell migration in PTEN-deficient glioblastoma N1 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- William's Elong Edimo
- IRIBHM, Campus Erasme, ULB Bâtiment C, 808 route de Lennik B-1070 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Somadri Ghosh
- IRIBHM, Campus Erasme, ULB Bâtiment C, 808 route de Lennik B-1070 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Rita Derua
- Protein Phosphorylation & Proteomics Lab, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49 PO-box 901, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Veerle Janssens
- Protein Phosphorylation & Proteomics Lab, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49 PO-box 901, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Etienne Waelkens
- Protein Phosphorylation & Proteomics Lab, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49 PO-box 901, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jean-Marie Vanderwinden
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, ULB Bâtiment C, 808 route de Lennik B-1070 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Pierre Robe
- Génétique Humaine, GIGA center, Ulg, Belgium
| | - Christophe Erneux
- IRIBHM, Campus Erasme, ULB Bâtiment C, 808 route de Lennik B-1070 Bruxelles, Belgium
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11
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Leite F, Way M. The role of signalling and the cytoskeleton during Vaccinia Virus egress. Virus Res 2015; 209:87-99. [PMID: 25681743 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2015.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Revised: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Viruses are obligate intracellular parasites that are critically dependent on their hosts to replicate and generate new progeny. To achieve this goal, viruses have evolved numerous elegant strategies to subvert and utilise the different cellular machineries and processes of their unwilling hosts. Moreover, they often accomplish this feat with a surprisingly limited number of proteins. Among the different systems of the cell, the cytoskeleton is often one of the first to be hijacked as it provides a convenient transport system for viruses to reach their site of replication with relative ease. At the latter stages of their replication cycle, the cytoskeleton also provides an efficient means for newly assembled viral progeny to reach the plasma membrane and leave the infected cell. In this review we discuss how Vaccinia virus takes advantage of the microtubule and actin cytoskeletons of its host to promote the spread of infection into neighboring cells. In particular, we highlight how analysis of actin-based motility of Vaccinia has provided unprecedented insights into how a phosphotyrosine-based signalling network is assembled and functions to stimulate Arp2/3 complex-dependent actin polymerization. We also suggest that the formin FHOD1 promotes actin-based motility of the virus by capping the fast growing ends of actin filaments rather than directly promoting filament assembly. We have come a long way since 1976, when electron micrographs of vaccinia-infected cells implicated the actin cytoskeleton in promoting viral spread. Nevertheless, there are still many unanswered questions concerning the role of signalling and the host cytoskeleton in promoting viral spread and pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Leite
- Cell Motility Laboratory, London Research Institute, Cancer Research UK, 44 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, WC2A 3LY, UK
| | - Michael Way
- Cell Motility Laboratory, London Research Institute, Cancer Research UK, 44 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, WC2A 3LY, UK.
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12
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Deneubourg L, Elong Edimo W, Moreau C, Vanderwinden JM, Erneux C. Phosphorylated SHIP2 on Y1135 localizes at focal adhesions and at the mitotic spindle in cancer cell lines. Cell Signal 2014; 26:1193-203. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2014.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Revised: 01/20/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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13
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Song W, Liu C, Seeley-Fallen MK, Miller H, Ketchum C, Upadhyaya A. Actin-mediated feedback loops in B-cell receptor signaling. Immunol Rev 2014; 256:177-89. [PMID: 24117821 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Upon recognizing cognate antigen, B cells mobilize multiple cellular apparatuses to propagate an optimal response. Antigen binding is transduced into cytoplasmic signaling events through B-cell antigen receptor (BCR)-based signalosomes at the B-cell surface. BCR signalosomes are dynamic and transient and are subsequently endocytosed for antigen processing. The function of BCR signalosomes is one of the determining factors for the fate of B cells: clonal expansion, anergy, or apoptosis. Accumulating evidence underscores the importance of the actin cytoskeleton in B-cell activation. We have begun to appreciate the role of actin dynamics in regulating BCR-mediated tonic signaling and the formation of BCR signalosomes. Our recent studies reveal an additional function of the actin cytoskeleton in the downregulation of BCR signaling, consequently contributing to the generation and maintenance of B-cell self-tolerance. In this review, we discuss how actin remodels its organization and dynamics in close coordination with BCR signaling and how actin remodeling in turn amplifies the activation and subsequent downregulation process of BCR signaling, providing vital feedback for optimal BCR activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxia Song
- Department of Cell Biology & Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
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14
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Primary human macrophages serve as vehicles for vaccinia virus replication and dissemination. J Virol 2014; 88:6819-31. [PMID: 24696488 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.03726-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Human monocytic and professional antigen-presenting cells have been reported only to exhibit abortive infections with vaccinia virus (VACV). We found that monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs), including granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF)-polarized M1 and macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF)-polarized M2, but not human AB serum-derived cells, were permissive to VACV replication. The titers of infectious virions in both cell-free supernatants and cellular lysates of infected M1 and M2 markedly increased in a time-dependent manner. The majority of virions produced in permissive MDMs were extracellular enveloped virions (EEV), a secreted form of VACV associated with long-range virus dissemination, and were mainly found in the culture supernatant. Infected MDMs formed VACV factories, actin tails, virion-associated branching structures, and cell linkages, indicating that MDMs are able to initiate de novo synthesis of viral DNA and promote virus release. VACV replication was sensitive to inhibitors against the Akt and Erk1/2 pathways that can be activated by VACV infection and M-CSF stimulation. Classical activation of MDMs by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) plus gamma interferon (IFN-γ) stimulation caused no effect on VACV replication, while alternative activation of MDMs by interleukin-10 (IL-10) or LPS-plus-IL-1β treatment significantly decreased VACV production. The IL-10-mediated suppression of VACV replication was largely due to Stat3 activation, as a Stat3 inhibitor restored virus production to levels observed without IL-10 stimulation. In conclusion, our data demonstrate that primary human macrophages are permissive to VACV replication. After infection, these cells produce EEV for long-range dissemination and also form structures associated with virions which may contribute to cell-cell spread. IMPORTANCE Our results provide critical information to the burgeoning fields of cancer-killing (oncolytic) virus therapy with vaccinia virus (VACV). One type of macrophage (M2) is considered a common presence in tumors and is associated with poor prognosis. Our results demonstrate a preference for VACV replication in M2 macrophages and could assist in designing treatments and engineering poxviruses with special considerations for their effect on M2 macrophage-containing tumors. Additionally, this work highlights the importance of macrophages in the field of vaccine development using poxviruses as vectors. The understanding of the dynamics of poxvirus-infected foci is central in understanding the effectiveness of the immune response to poxvirus-mediated vaccine vectors. Monocytic cells have been found to be an important part of VACV skin lesions in mice in controlling the infection as well as mediating virus transport out of infected foci.
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15
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Van den Broeke C, Jacob T, Favoreel HW. Rho'ing in and out of cells: viral interactions with Rho GTPase signaling. Small GTPases 2014; 5:e28318. [PMID: 24691164 DOI: 10.4161/sgtp.28318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Rho GTPases are key regulators of actin and microtubule dynamics and organization. Increasing evidence shows that many viruses have evolved diverse interactions with Rho GTPase signaling and manipulate them for their own benefit. In this review, we discuss how Rho GTPase signaling interferes with many steps in the viral replication cycle, especially entry, replication, and spread. Seen the diversity between viruses, it is not surprising that there is considerable variability in viral interactions with Rho GTPase signaling. However, several largely common effects on Rho GTPases and actin architecture and microtubule dynamics have been reported. For some of these processes, the molecular signaling and biological consequences are well documented while for others we just begin to understand them. A better knowledge and identification of common threads in the different viral interactions with Rho GTPase signaling and their ultimate consequences for virus and host may pave the way toward the development of new antiviral drugs that may target different viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Van den Broeke
- Department of Virology, Parasitology, and Immunology; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Ghent University; Ghent, Belgium
| | - Thary Jacob
- Department of Virology, Parasitology, and Immunology; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Ghent University; Ghent, Belgium
| | - Herman W Favoreel
- Department of Virology, Parasitology, and Immunology; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Ghent University; Ghent, Belgium
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16
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Elong Edimo W, Schurmans S, Roger PP, Erneux C. SHIP2 signaling in normal and pathological situations: Its impact on cell proliferation. Adv Biol Regul 2014; 54:142-151. [PMID: 24091101 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2013.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2013] [Accepted: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Phosphoinositide 5-phosphatases are critical enzymes in modulating the concentrations of PI(3,4,5)P3, PI(4,5)P2 and PI(3,5)P2. The SH2 domain containing inositol 5-phosphatases SHIP1 and SHIP2 belong to this family of enzymes that dephosphorylate the 5 position of PI(3,4,5)P3 to produce PI(3,4)P2. Data obtained in zebrafish and in mice have shown that SHIP2 is critical in development and growth. Exome sequencing identifies mutations in the coding region of SHIP2 as a cause of opsismodysplasia, a severe but rare chondrodysplasia in human. SHIP2 has been reported to have both protumorigenic and tumor suppressor function in human cancer very much depending on the cell model. This could be linked to the relative importance of PI(3,4)P2 (a product of SHIP2 phosphatase activity) which is also controlled by the PI 4-phosphatase and tumor suppressor INPP4B. In the glioblastoma cell line 1321 N1, that do not express PTEN, lowering SHIP2 expression has an impact on the levels of PI(3,4,5)P3, cell morphology and cell proliferation. It positively stimulates cell proliferation by decreasing the expression of key regulatory proteins of the cell cycle such as p27. Together the data point out to a role of SHIP2 in development in normal cells and at least in cell proliferation in some cancer derived cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- William's Elong Edimo
- Interdisciplinary Research Institute (IRIBHM), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Campus Erasme, Bldg C, 808 Route de Lennik, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Stéphane Schurmans
- Laboratoire de Génétique fonctionnelle, GIGA-Research Centre, Secteur de Biochimie Métabolique, Département des Sciences Fonctionnelles (Faculté de Médecine vétérinaire), Université de Liège, 1 rue de l'Hôpital, 4000 Liège, Belgium; Walloon Excellence in Lifesciences and Biotechnology (WELBIO), Belgium
| | - Pierre P Roger
- Interdisciplinary Research Institute (IRIBHM), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Campus Erasme, Bldg C, 808 Route de Lennik, 1070 Brussels, Belgium; Walloon Excellence in Lifesciences and Biotechnology (WELBIO), Belgium
| | - Christophe Erneux
- Interdisciplinary Research Institute (IRIBHM), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Campus Erasme, Bldg C, 808 Route de Lennik, 1070 Brussels, Belgium.
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17
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Liu C, Bai X, Wu J, Sharma S, Upadhyaya A, Dahlberg CIM, Westerberg LS, Snapper SB, Zhao X, Song W. N-wasp is essential for the negative regulation of B cell receptor signaling. PLoS Biol 2013; 11:e1001704. [PMID: 24223520 PMCID: PMC3818172 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.1001704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2013] [Accepted: 09/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Negative regulation of receptor signaling is essential for controlling cell activation and differentiation. In B-lymphocytes, the down-regulation of B-cell antigen receptor (BCR) signaling is critical for suppressing the activation of self-reactive B cells; however, the mechanism underlying the negative regulation of signaling remains elusive. Using genetically manipulated mouse models and total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy, we demonstrate that neuronal Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (N-WASP), which is coexpressed with WASP in all immune cells, is a critical negative regulator of B-cell signaling. B-cell-specific N-WASP gene deletion causes enhanced and prolonged BCR signaling and elevated levels of autoantibodies in the mouse serum. The increased signaling in N-WASP knockout B cells is concurrent with increased accumulation of F-actin at the B-cell surface, enhanced B-cell spreading on the antigen-presenting membrane, delayed B-cell contraction, inhibition in the merger of signaling active BCR microclusters into signaling inactive central clusters, and a blockage of BCR internalization. Upon BCR activation, WASP is activated first, followed by N-WASP in mouse and human primary B cells. The activation of N-WASP is suppressed by Bruton's tyrosine kinase-induced WASP activation, and is restored by the activation of SH2 domain-containing inositol 5-phosphatase that inhibits WASP activation. Our results reveal a new mechanism for the negative regulation of BCR signaling and broadly suggest an actin-mediated mechanism for signaling down-regulation.
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MESH Headings
- Actins/metabolism
- Animals
- Antibodies, Antinuclear/blood
- Antigens/immunology
- Autoantibodies/blood
- B-Lymphocytes/immunology
- B-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Cells, Cultured
- Humans
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/immunology
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, 129 Strain
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Inbred CBA
- Mice, Knockout
- Protein Transport
- Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome/immunology
- Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome/metabolism
- Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome Protein/metabolism
- Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome Protein, Neuronal/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaohong Liu
- Department of Cell Biology & Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Xiaoming Bai
- Division of Immunology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Junfeng Wu
- Division of Immunology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shruti Sharma
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Arpita Upadhyaya
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Carin I. M. Dahlberg
- Translational Immunology Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lisa S. Westerberg
- Translational Immunology Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Scott B. Snapper
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Xiaodong Zhao
- Division of Immunology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenxia Song
- Department of Cell Biology & Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
- Division of Immunology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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18
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Abstract
Intracellular pathogens have developed elaborate mechanisms to exploit the different cellular systems of their unwilling hosts to facilitate their entry, replication, and survival. In particular, a diverse range of bacteria and viruses have evolved unique strategies to harness the power of Arp2/3-mediated actin polymerization to enhance their cell-to-cell spread. In this review, we discuss how studying these pathogens has revolutionized our molecular understanding of Arp2/3-dependent actin assembly and revealed key signaling pathways regulating actin assembly in cells. Future analyses of microbe-host interactions are likely to continue uncovering new mechanisms regulating actin assembly and dynamics, as well as unexpected cellular functions for actin. Further, studies with known and newly emerging pathogens will also undoubtedly continue to enhance our understanding of the role of the actin cytoskeleton during pathogenesis and potentially highlight future therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D Welch
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
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19
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Awad A, Sar S, Barré R, Cariven C, Marin M, Salles JP, Erneux C, Samuel D, Gassama-Diagne A. SHIP2 regulates epithelial cell polarity through its lipid product, which binds to Dlg1, a pathway subverted by hepatitis C virus core protein. Mol Biol Cell 2013; 24:2171-85. [PMID: 23699395 PMCID: PMC3708724 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e12-08-0626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The main targets of hepatitis C virus (HCV) are hepatocytes, the highly polarized cells of the liver, and all the steps of its life cycle are tightly dependent on host lipid metabolism. The interplay between polarity and lipid metabolism in HCV infection has been poorly investigated. Signaling lipids, such as phosphoinositides (PIs), play a vital role in polarity, which depends on the distribution and expression of PI kinases and PI phosphatases. In this study, we report that HCV core protein, expressed in Huh7 and Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells, disrupts apicobasal polarity. This is associated with decreased expression of the polarity protein Dlg1 and the PI phosphatase SHIP2, which converts phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate into phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PtdIns(3,4)P2). SHIP2 is mainly localized at the basolateral membrane of polarized MDCK cells. In addition, PtdIns(3,4)P2 is able to bind to Dlg1. SHIP2 small interfering RNA or its catalytically dead mutant disrupts apicobasal polarity, similar to HCV core. In core-expressing cells, RhoA activity is inhibited, whereas Rac1 is activated. Of interest, SHIP2 expression rescues polarity, RhoA activation, and restricted core level in MDCK cells. We conclude that SHIP2 is an important regulator of polarity, which is subverted by HCV in epithelial cells. It is suggested that SHIP2 could be a promising target for anti-HCV treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Awad
- Université Paris-Sud, UMR-S 785, F-94800 Villejuif, France
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20
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Horsington J, Lynn H, Turnbull L, Cheng D, Braet F, Diefenbach RJ, Whitchurch CB, Karupiah G, Newsome TP. A36-dependent actin filament nucleation promotes release of vaccinia virus. PLoS Pathog 2013; 9:e1003239. [PMID: 23555252 PMCID: PMC3605287 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1003239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2012] [Accepted: 01/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-to-cell transmission of vaccinia virus can be mediated by enveloped virions that remain attached to the outer surface of the cell or those released into the medium. During egress, the outer membrane of the double-enveloped virus fuses with the plasma membrane leaving extracellular virus attached to the cell surface via viral envelope proteins. Here we report that F-actin nucleation by the viral protein A36 promotes the disengagement of virus attachment and release of enveloped virus. Cells infected with the A36(YdF) virus, which has mutations at two critical tyrosine residues abrogating localised actin nucleation, displayed a 10-fold reduction in virus release. We examined A36(YdF) infected cells by transmission electron microscopy and observed that during release, virus appeared trapped in small invaginations at the plasma membrane. To further characterise the mechanism by which actin nucleation drives the dissociation of enveloped virus from the cell surface, we examined recombinant viruses by super-resolution microscopy. Fluorescently-tagged A36 was visualised at sub-viral resolution to image cell-virus attachment in mutant and parental backgrounds. We confirmed that A36(YdF) extracellular virus remained closely associated to the plasma membrane in small membrane pits. Virus-induced actin nucleation reduced the extent of association, thereby promoting the untethering of virus from the cell surface. Virus release can be enhanced via a point mutation in the luminal region of B5 (P189S), another virus envelope protein. We found that the B5(P189S) mutation led to reduced contact between extracellular virus and the host membrane during release, even in the absence of virus-induced actin nucleation. Our results posit that during release virus is tightly tethered to the host cell through interactions mediated by viral envelope proteins. Untethering of virus into the surrounding extracellular space requires these interactions be relieved, either through the force of actin nucleation or by mutations in luminal proteins that weaken these interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacquelyn Horsington
- School of Molecular Bioscience, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Helena Lynn
- School of Molecular Bioscience, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Lynne Turnbull
- The ithree institute, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Delfine Cheng
- School of Medical Sciences (Discipline of Anatomy and Histology), The Bosch Institute, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Filip Braet
- School of Medical Sciences (Discipline of Anatomy and Histology), The Bosch Institute, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Australian Centre for Microscopy & Microanalysis, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Russell J. Diefenbach
- Centre for Virus Research, Westmead Millennium Institute, University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Cynthia B. Whitchurch
- The ithree institute, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Guna Karupiah
- John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Timothy P. Newsome
- School of Molecular Bioscience, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- * E-mail: .
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21
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Elong Edimo W, Vanderwinden JM, Erneux C. SHIP2 signalling at the plasma membrane, in the nucleus and at focal contacts. Adv Biol Regul 2013; 53:28-37. [PMID: 23040614 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2012.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2012] [Accepted: 09/04/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Phosphoinositide 5-phosphatases are critical enzymes in modulating the concentrations of PI(3,4,5)P(3), PI(4,5)P(2) and PI(3,5)P(2). The SH2 domain containing inositol 5-phosphatases SHIP1 and SHIP2 belong to this family of enzymes very much involved in physiopathology and development. Therefore activity and localization of the enzymes are particularly important taking into account both catalytic and non-catalytic mechanisms of the SHIP phosphatases. Several different mechanisms have been reported for SHIP2 targeting that often result from specific protein:protein interactions. In unstimulated astrocytoma cells, SHIP2 has a perinuclear and cytoplasmic localization. In serum-stimulated cells, SHIP2 can be localized at the plasma membrane and at focal contacts in polarized cells. A phosphorylated form of SHIP2 on S132 can be found in the nucleus and nuclear speckles. When present at the plasma membrane, SHIP2 may control the intracellular level of PI(3,4,5)P(3) thereby producing PI(3,4)P(2). When present in the nucleus, SHIP2 probably associates to other nuclear proteins such as lamin A/C and could potentially control nuclear PI(4,5)P(2). Finally, its presence at focal adhesions and lamellipodia could suggest a role in cell adhesion and migration. It is proposed that the complex phenotype observed in SHIP2 mutant mice in tissue development and growth could result from the addition of plasma membrane and nuclear effects consecutive to SHIP2 alteration.
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Affiliation(s)
- William's Elong Edimo
- Interdisciplinary Research Institute (IRIBHM), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Campus Erasme, Bldg. C, 808 Route de Lennik, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
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22
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Mills SJ, Persson C, Cozier G, Thomas MP, Trésaugues L, Erneux C, Riley AM, Nordlund P, Potter BVL. A synthetic polyphosphoinositide headgroup surrogate in complex with SHIP2 provides a rationale for drug discovery. ACS Chem Biol 2012; 7:822-8. [PMID: 22330088 PMCID: PMC3355655 DOI: 10.1021/cb200494d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Phosphoinositides regulate many cellular processes, and cellular levels are controlled by kinases and phosphatases. SHIP2 (SH2 (Src homology 2)-domain-containing inositol-phosphatase-2) plays a critical role in phosphoinositide signaling, cleaving the 5-phosphate from phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate. SHIP2 is thought to be involved in type-2 diabetes and obesity, conditions that could therefore be open to pharmacological modulation of the enzyme. However, rational design of SHIP2 inhibitors has been limited by the absence of a high-resolution structure. Here, we present a 2.1 Å resolution crystal structure of the phosphatase domain of SHIP2 bound to the synthetic ligand biphenyl 2,3',4,5',6-pentakisphosphate (BiPh(2,3',4,5',6)P(5)). BiPh(2,3',4,5',6)P(5) is not a SHIP2 substrate but inhibits Ins(1,3,4,5)P(4) hydrolysis with an IC(50) of 24.8 ± 3.0 μM, (K(m) for Ins(1,3,4,5)P(4) is 215 ± 28 μM). Molecular dynamics simulations suggest that when BiPh(2,3',4,5',6)P(5) binds to SHIP2, a flexible loop folds over and encloses the ligand. Compounds targeting such a closed conformation might therefore deliver SHIP2-specific drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J. Mills
- Wolfson Laboratory of Medicinal
Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K
| | | | - Gyles Cozier
- Wolfson Laboratory of Medicinal
Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K
| | - Mark P. Thomas
- Wolfson Laboratory of Medicinal
Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K
| | | | - Christophe Erneux
- Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire
(IRIBHM), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Campus Erasme, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Andrew M. Riley
- Wolfson Laboratory of Medicinal
Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K
| | - Pär Nordlund
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551
| | - Barry V. L. Potter
- Wolfson Laboratory of Medicinal
Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K
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