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Yu M, Zhang Y, Zhang L, Wang S, Liu Y, Xu Z, Liu P, Chen Y, Guo R, Meng L, Zhang T, Fan W, Qi X, Gao L, Zhang Y, Cui H, Gao Y. N123I mutation in the ALV-J receptor-binding domain region enhances viral replication ability by increasing the binding affinity with chNHE1. PLoS Pathog 2024; 20:e1011928. [PMID: 38324558 PMCID: PMC10878525 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The subgroup J avian leukosis virus (ALV-J), a retrovirus, uses its gp85 protein to bind to the receptor, the chicken sodium hydrogen exchanger isoform 1 (chNHE1), facilitating viral invasion. ALV-J is the main epidemic subgroup and shows noteworthy mutations within the receptor-binding domain (RBD) region of gp85, especially in ALV-J layer strains in China. However, the implications of these mutations on viral replication and transmission remain elusive. In this study, the ALV-J layer strain JL08CH3-1 exhibited a more robust replication ability than the prototype strain HPRS103, which is related to variations in the gp85 protein. Notably, the gp85 of JL08CH3-1 demonstrated a heightened binding capacity to chNHE1 compared to HPRS103-gp85 binding. Furthermore, we showed that the specific N123I mutation within gp85 contributed to the enhanced binding capacity of the gp85 protein to chNHE1. Structural analysis indicated that the N123I mutation primarily enhanced the stability of gp85, expanded the interaction interface, and increased the number of hydrogen bonds at the interaction interface to increase the binding capacity between gp85 and chNHE1. We found that the N123I mutation not only improved the viral replication ability of ALV-J but also promoted viral shedding in vivo. These comprehensive data underscore the notion that the N123I mutation increases receptor binding and intensifies viral replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Yu
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Suyan Wang
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yongzhen Liu
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Zhuangzhuang Xu
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Peng Liu
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yuntong Chen
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Ru Guo
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Lingzhai Meng
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Wenrui Fan
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaole Qi
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Li Gao
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yanping Zhang
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Hongyu Cui
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yulong Gao
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
- National Poultry Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Harbin, China
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2
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Krchlíková V, Lotke R, Haußmann I, Reinišová M, Kučerová D, Pecnová Ľ, Ungrová L, Hejnar J, Sauter D, Elleder D. Independent loss events of a functional tetherin gene in galliform birds. J Virol 2023; 97:e0080323. [PMID: 37712707 PMCID: PMC10617486 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00803-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Birds represent important hosts for numerous viruses, including zoonotic viruses and pathogens with the potential to cause major economic losses to the poultry industry. Viral replication and transmission can be inhibited or blocked by the action of antiviral restriction factors (RFs) encoded by the host. One well-characterized RF is tetherin, a protein that directly blocks the release of newly formed viral particles from infected cells. Here, we describe the evolutionary loss of a functional tetherin gene in two galliform birds, turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) and Mikado pheasant (Syrmaticus mikado). Moreover, we demonstrate that the structurally related protein TMCC(aT) exerts antiviral activity in several birds, albeit by a mechanism different from that of tetherin. The evolutionary scenario described here represents the first documented loss-of-tetherin cases in vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Krchlíková
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Rishikesh Lotke
- Institute for Medical Virology and Epidemiology of Viral Diseases, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Isabell Haußmann
- Institute for Medical Virology and Epidemiology of Viral Diseases, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Markéta Reinišová
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Dana Kučerová
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ľubomíra Pecnová
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Ungrová
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Hejnar
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Sauter
- Institute for Medical Virology and Epidemiology of Viral Diseases, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Daniel Elleder
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
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3
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Fandiño S, Gomez-Lucia E, Benítez L, Doménech A. Avian Leukosis: Will We Be Able to Get Rid of It? Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2358. [PMID: 37508135 PMCID: PMC10376345 DOI: 10.3390/ani13142358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Avian leukosis viruses (ALVs) have been virtually eradicated from commercial poultry. However, some niches remain as pockets from which this group of viruses may reemerge and induce economic losses. Such is the case of fancy, hobby, backyard chickens and indigenous or native breeds, which are not as strictly inspected as commercial poultry and which have been found to harbor ALVs. In addition, the genome of both poultry and of several gamebird species contain endogenous retroviral sequences. Circumstances that support keeping up surveillance include the detection of several ALV natural recombinants between exogenous and endogenous ALV-related sequences which, combined with the well-known ability of retroviruses to mutate, facilitate the emergence of escape mutants. The subgroup most prevalent nowadays, ALV-J, has emerged as a multi-recombinant which uses a different receptor from the previously known subgroups, greatly increasing its cell tropism and pathogenicity and making it more transmissible. In this review we describe the ALVs, their different subgroups and which receptor they use to infect the cell, their routes of transmission and their presence in different bird collectivities, and the immune response against them. We analyze the different systems to control them, from vaccination to the progress made editing the bird genome to generate mutated ALV receptors or selecting certain haplotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Fandiño
- Department of Animal Health, Veterinary Faculty, Complutense University of Madrid, Av. Puerta de Hierro s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), C. de José Antonio Novais 12, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Research Group, "Animal Viruses" of Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Esperanza Gomez-Lucia
- Department of Animal Health, Veterinary Faculty, Complutense University of Madrid, Av. Puerta de Hierro s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Research Group, "Animal Viruses" of Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Benítez
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), C. de José Antonio Novais 12, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Research Group, "Animal Viruses" of Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Doménech
- Department of Animal Health, Veterinary Faculty, Complutense University of Madrid, Av. Puerta de Hierro s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Research Group, "Animal Viruses" of Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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4
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Mo G, Wei P, Hu B, Nie Q, Zhang X. Advances on genetic and genomic studies of ALV resistance. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2022; 13:123. [PMID: 36217167 PMCID: PMC9550310 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-022-00769-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Avian leukosis (AL) is a general term for a variety of neoplastic diseases in avian caused by avian leukosis virus (ALV). No vaccine or drug is currently available for the disease. Therefore, the disease can result in severe economic losses in poultry flocks. Increasing the resistance of poultry to ALV may be one effective strategy. In this review, we provide an overview of the roles of genes associated with ALV infection in the poultry genome, including endogenous retroviruses, virus receptors, interferon-stimulated genes, and other immune-related genes. Furthermore, some methods and techniques that can improve ALV resistance in poultry are discussed. The objectives are willing to provide some valuable references for disease resistance breeding in poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guodong Mo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China.,Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China.,State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Ping Wei
- Institute for Poultry Science and Health, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530001, Guangxi, China
| | - Bowen Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China.,Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China.,State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Qinghua Nie
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China.,Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China.,State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiquan Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China. .,Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China. .,State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China.
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5
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Koslová A, Trefil P, Mucksová J, Krchlíková V, Plachý J, Krijt J, Reinišová M, Kučerová D, Geryk J, Kalina J, Šenigl F, Elleder D, Kožich V, Hejnar J. Knock-Out of Retrovirus Receptor Gene Tva in the Chicken Confers Resistance to Avian Leukosis Virus Subgroups A and K and Affects Cobalamin (Vitamin B 12)-Dependent Level of Methylmalonic Acid. Viruses 2021; 13:v13122504. [PMID: 34960774 PMCID: PMC8708277 DOI: 10.3390/v13122504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The chicken Tva cell surface protein, a member of the low-density lipoprotein receptor family, has been identified as an entry receptor for avian leukosis virus of classic subgroup A and newly emerging subgroup K. Because both viruses represent an important concern for the poultry industry, we introduced a frame-shifting deletion into the chicken tva locus with the aim of knocking-out Tva expression and creating a virus-resistant chicken line. The tva knock-out was prepared by CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing in chicken primordial germ cells and orthotopic transplantation of edited cells into the testes of sterilized recipient roosters. The resulting tva −/− chickens tested fully resistant to avian leukosis virus subgroups A and K, both in in vitro and in vivo assays, in contrast to their susceptible tva +/+ and tva +/− siblings. We also found a specific disorder of the cobalamin/vitamin B12 metabolism in the tva knock-out chickens, which is in accordance with the recently recognized physiological function of Tva as a receptor for cobalamin in complex with transcobalamin transporter. Last but not least, we bring a new example of the de novo resistance created by CRISPR/Cas9 editing of pathogen dependence genes in farm animals and, furthermore, a new example of gene editing in chicken.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Koslová
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic; (A.K.); (V.K.); (J.P.); (M.R.); (D.K.); (J.G.); (F.Š.); (D.E.)
| | - Pavel Trefil
- BIOPHARM, Research Institute of Biopharmacy and Veterinary Drugs, Pohoří-Chotouň 90, 254 49 Jílové u Prahy, Czech Republic; (P.T.); (J.M.); (J.K.)
| | - Jitka Mucksová
- BIOPHARM, Research Institute of Biopharmacy and Veterinary Drugs, Pohoří-Chotouň 90, 254 49 Jílové u Prahy, Czech Republic; (P.T.); (J.M.); (J.K.)
| | - Veronika Krchlíková
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic; (A.K.); (V.K.); (J.P.); (M.R.); (D.K.); (J.G.); (F.Š.); (D.E.)
| | - Jiří Plachý
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic; (A.K.); (V.K.); (J.P.); (M.R.); (D.K.); (J.G.); (F.Š.); (D.E.)
| | - Jakub Krijt
- Department of Pediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, Charles University, First Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital in Prague, 128 08 Prague, Czech Republic; (J.K.); (V.K.)
| | - Markéta Reinišová
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic; (A.K.); (V.K.); (J.P.); (M.R.); (D.K.); (J.G.); (F.Š.); (D.E.)
| | - Dana Kučerová
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic; (A.K.); (V.K.); (J.P.); (M.R.); (D.K.); (J.G.); (F.Š.); (D.E.)
| | - Josef Geryk
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic; (A.K.); (V.K.); (J.P.); (M.R.); (D.K.); (J.G.); (F.Š.); (D.E.)
| | - Jiří Kalina
- BIOPHARM, Research Institute of Biopharmacy and Veterinary Drugs, Pohoří-Chotouň 90, 254 49 Jílové u Prahy, Czech Republic; (P.T.); (J.M.); (J.K.)
| | - Filip Šenigl
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic; (A.K.); (V.K.); (J.P.); (M.R.); (D.K.); (J.G.); (F.Š.); (D.E.)
| | - Daniel Elleder
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic; (A.K.); (V.K.); (J.P.); (M.R.); (D.K.); (J.G.); (F.Š.); (D.E.)
| | - Viktor Kožich
- Department of Pediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, Charles University, First Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital in Prague, 128 08 Prague, Czech Republic; (J.K.); (V.K.)
| | - Jiří Hejnar
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic; (A.K.); (V.K.); (J.P.); (M.R.); (D.K.); (J.G.); (F.Š.); (D.E.)
- Correspondence:
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6
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Glycosylation of ALV-J envelope protein at sites 17 and 193 is pivotal in the virus replication. J Virol 2021; 96:e0154921. [PMID: 34878920 PMCID: PMC8865534 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01549-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycans on envelope glycoprotein (Env) of the subgroup J avian leukosis virus (ALV-J) play an essential role in virion integrity and infection process. In this study, we found that among the 13 predicted N-linked glycosylation sites (NGSs) in gp85 of Tibetan chicken strain TBC-J6, N17 and N193/N191 are pivotal in the virus replication. Further research illustrated that mutation at N193 weakened Env-receptor binding in blocking assay of viral entrance, co-immunoprecipitation and ELISA. Our studies also showed that N17 was involved in Env protein processing and later virion incorporation, based on the detection of p27 and Env protein in the supernatant and gp37 in the cell culture. This report is a systematic research on clarifying the biological function of NGSs on ALV-J gp85, which would provide valuable insights in the role of gp85 in ALV life cycle as well as anti-ALV-J strategies. Importance ALV-J is a retrovirus that can cause multiple types of tumors in chickens. Among all the viral proteins, the heavily glycosylated envelope protein is especially crucial. Glycosylation plays a major role in Env protein function, including protein processing, receptor attachment and immune evasion. Notably, viruses isolated recently seem to lose the 6th and 11st NGSs, which are proved to be important in receptor binding. In our study, the 1st (N17) and 8th (N193) NGS of gp85 of strain TBC-J6 can largely influence the titer of this virus. Deglycosylation at N193 weakened Env-receptor binding, while mutation at N17 influenced Env protein processing. This study systemically analyzed the function of NGSs in ALV-J in different aspects, which may help us to understand the lifecycle of ALV-J and provide antiviral targets for the control of ALV-J.
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7
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Söllner JH, Mettenleiter TC, Petersen B. Genome Editing Strategies to Protect Livestock from Viral Infections. Viruses 2021; 13:1996. [PMID: 34696426 PMCID: PMC8539128 DOI: 10.3390/v13101996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The livestock industry is constantly threatened by viral disease outbreaks, including infections with zoonotic potential. While preventive vaccination is frequently applied, disease control and eradication also depend on strict biosecurity measures. Clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats (CRISPR) and associated proteins (Cas) have been repurposed as genome editors to induce targeted double-strand breaks at almost any location in the genome. Thus, CRISPR/Cas genome editors can also be utilized to generate disease-resistant or resilient livestock, develop vaccines, and further understand virus-host interactions. Genes of interest in animals and viruses can be targeted to understand their functions during infection. Furthermore, transgenic animals expressing CRISPR/Cas can be generated to target the viral genome upon infection. Genetically modified livestock can thereby reduce disease outbreaks and decrease zoonotic threats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny-Helena Söllner
- Institute of Farm Animal Genetics, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, 31535 Neustadt am Rübenberge, Germany;
| | | | - Björn Petersen
- Institute of Farm Animal Genetics, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, 31535 Neustadt am Rübenberge, Germany;
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8
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Kheimar A, Klinger R, Bertzbach LD, Sid H, Yu Y, Conradie AM, Schade B, Böhm B, Preisinger R, Nair V, Kaufer BB, Schusser B. A Genetically Engineered Commercial Chicken Line Is Resistant to Highly Pathogenic Avian Leukosis Virus Subgroup J. Microorganisms 2021; 9:1066. [PMID: 34069313 PMCID: PMC8157034 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9051066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral diseases remain a major concern for animal health and global food production in modern agriculture. In chickens, avian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J) represents an important pathogen that causes severe economic loss. Until now, no vaccine or antiviral drugs are available against ALV-J and strategies to combat this pathogen in commercial flocks are desperately needed. CRISPR/Cas9 targeted genome editing recently facilitated the generation of genetically modified chickens with a mutation of the chicken ALV-J receptor Na+/H+ exchanger type 1 (chNHE1). In this study, we provide evidence that this mutation protects a commercial chicken line (NHE1ΔW38) against the virulent ALV-J prototype strain HPRS-103. We demonstrate that replication of HPRS-103 is severely impaired in NHE1ΔW38 birds and that ALV-J-specific antigen is not detected in cloacal swabs at later time points. Consistently, infected NHE1ΔW38 chickens gained more weight compared to their non-transgenic counterparts (NHE1W38). Histopathology revealed that NHE1W38 chickens developed ALV-J typical pathology in various organs, while no pathological lesions were detected in NHE1ΔW38 chickens. Taken together, our data revealed that this mutation can render a commercial chicken line resistant to highly pathogenic ALV-J infection, which could aid in fighting this pathogen and improve animal health in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Kheimar
- Institute of Virology, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany; (A.K.); (L.D.B.); (Y.Y.); (A.M.C.)
- Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sohag University, 82424 Sohag, Egypt
| | - Romina Klinger
- Reproductive Biotechnology, Department of Molecular Life Sciences, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany; (R.K.); (H.S.)
| | - Luca D. Bertzbach
- Institute of Virology, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany; (A.K.); (L.D.B.); (Y.Y.); (A.M.C.)
| | - Hicham Sid
- Reproductive Biotechnology, Department of Molecular Life Sciences, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany; (R.K.); (H.S.)
| | - You Yu
- Institute of Virology, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany; (A.K.); (L.D.B.); (Y.Y.); (A.M.C.)
| | - Andelé M. Conradie
- Institute of Virology, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany; (A.K.); (L.D.B.); (Y.Y.); (A.M.C.)
| | - Benjamin Schade
- Bavarian Animal Health Service, Department of Pathology, 85586 Poing, Germany; (B.S.); (B.B.)
| | - Brigitte Böhm
- Bavarian Animal Health Service, Department of Pathology, 85586 Poing, Germany; (B.S.); (B.B.)
| | | | | | - Benedikt B. Kaufer
- Institute of Virology, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany; (A.K.); (L.D.B.); (Y.Y.); (A.M.C.)
| | - Benjamin Schusser
- Reproductive Biotechnology, Department of Molecular Life Sciences, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany; (R.K.); (H.S.)
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9
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Khwatenge CN, Nahashon SN. Recent Advances in the Application of CRISPR/Cas9 Gene Editing System in Poultry Species. Front Genet 2021; 12:627714. [PMID: 33679892 PMCID: PMC7933658 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.627714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
CRISPR/Cas9 system genome editing is revolutionizing genetics research in a wide spectrum of animal models in the genetic era. Among these animals, is the poultry species. CRISPR technology is the newest and most advanced gene-editing tool that allows researchers to modify and alter gene functions for transcriptional regulation, gene targeting, epigenetic modification, gene therapy, and drug delivery in the animal genome. The applicability of the CRISPR/Cas9 system in gene editing and modification of genomes in the avian species is still emerging. Up to date, substantial progress in using CRISPR/Cas9 technology has been made in only two poultry species (chicken and quail), with chicken taking the lead. There have been major recent advances in the modification of the avian genome through their germ cell lineages. In the poultry industry, breeders and producers can utilize CRISPR-mediated approaches to enhance the many required genetic variations towards the poultry population that are absent in a given poultry flock. Thus, CRISPR allows the benefit of accessing genetic characteristics that cannot otherwise be used for poultry production. Therefore CRISPR/Cas9 becomes a very powerful and robust tool for editing genes that allow for the introduction or regulation of genetic information in poultry genomes. However, the CRISPR/Cas9 technology has several limitations that need to be addressed to enhance its use in the poultry industry. This review evaluates and provides a summary of recent advances in applying CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology in poultry research and explores its potential use in advancing poultry breeding and production with a major focus on chicken and quail. This could aid future advancements in the use of CRISPR technology to improve poultry production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Collins N. Khwatenge
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tennessee State University, Nashville, IN, United States
- Department of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Samuel N. Nahashon
- Department of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN, United States
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10
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Chen J, Li J, Li L, Liu P, Xiang Y, Cao W. Single Amino Acids G196 and R198 in hr1 of Subgroup K Avian Leukosis Virus Glycoprotein Are Critical for Tva Receptor Binding. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:596586. [PMID: 33391214 PMCID: PMC7772352 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.596586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Avian leukosis viruses (ALVs), a type of retrovirus responsible for various tumor diseases in chickens, are divided into 11 subgroups: ALV-A to ALV-K. After the envelope glycoproteins of ALV interact with the cellular receptor to initiate viral invasion, alterations in a few amino acids of the viral glycoproteins or cell receptors may trigger changes in their conformation and binding affinity. To identify the functional determinants of the ALV-K envelope protein that binds to Tva (a recently identified cellular receptor of ALV-K), using the strategy of continuous, segment-by-segment substitution of the gp85-encoded surface glycoprotein (SU) of ALV-K GDFX0602 with ALV-E ev-1 (using Tvb as the receptor), a series of chimeric soluble gp85 proteins were expressed for co-immunoprecipitation (co-IP) analysis and a series of recombinant viruses with replication-competent avian retrovirus vectors containing Bryan polymerase (RCASBP) as their skeleton were created for transfecting to DF-1 cells and titer determination. The co-IP analysis, fluorescence-activated cell sorting, and virus titer measurements revealed that the substitution of residues 194–198, 206–216 of hr1, residues 251–256 between hr1 and hr2, and residues 269–280 of hr2 were identified to reduce the binding of gp85 to Tva. The substitution of residues 194–221 in hr1 nullified the infectiveness of these viruses, similar to the effect of single amino acid mutations in K251E and L252I located between hr1 and hr2; continuous amino acid mutations in hr2 could not produce the same effect despite reducing their infectiveness. Finally, single amino acid mutations G196A and R198H nearly abolished the binding of gp85 to Tva and nullified the infectiveness of these viruses to DF-1. This study paves the way for exploring the molecular mechanisms of the binding of Tva to ALV-K SU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinqun Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lizhen Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peng Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yong Xiang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weisheng Cao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Veterinary Vaccine Innovation of the Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China.,National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Guangzhou, China
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11
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Lee J, Kim DH, Lee K. Current Approaches and Applications in Avian Genome Editing. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21113937. [PMID: 32486292 PMCID: PMC7312999 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21113937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Advances in genome-editing technologies and sequencing of animal genomes enable researchers to generate genome-edited (GE) livestock as valuable animal models that benefit biological researches and biomedical and agricultural industries. As birds are an important species in biology and agriculture, their genome editing has gained significant interest and is mainly performed by using a primordial germ cell (PGC)-mediated method because pronuclear injection is not practical in the avian species. In this method, PGCs can be isolated, cultured, genetically edited in vitro, and injected into a recipient embryo to produce GE offspring. Recently, a couple of GE quail have been generated by using the newly developed adenovirus-mediated method. Without technically required in vitro procedures of the PGC-mediated method, direct injection of adenovirus into the avian blastoderm in the freshly laid eggs resulted in the production of germ-line chimera and GE offspring. As more approaches are available in avian genome editing, avian research in various fields will progress rapidly. In this review, we describe the development of avian genome editing and scientific and industrial applications of GE avian species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joonbum Lee
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (J.L.); (D.-H.K.)
- The Ohio State University Interdisciplinary Human Nutrition Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Dong-Hwan Kim
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (J.L.); (D.-H.K.)
| | - Kichoon Lee
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (J.L.); (D.-H.K.)
- The Ohio State University Interdisciplinary Human Nutrition Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-614-688-7963
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12
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Hellmich R, Sid H, Lengyel K, Flisikowski K, Schlickenrieder A, Bartsch D, Thoma T, Bertzbach LD, Kaufer BB, Nair V, Preisinger R, Schusser B. Acquiring Resistance Against a Retroviral Infection via CRISPR/Cas9 Targeted Genome Editing in a Commercial Chicken Line. Front Genome Ed 2020; 2:3. [PMID: 34713212 PMCID: PMC8525359 DOI: 10.3389/fgeed.2020.00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Genome editing technology provides new possibilities for animal breeding and aid in understanding host-pathogen interactions. In poultry, retroviruses display one of the most difficult pathogens to control by conventional strategies such as vaccinations. Avian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J) is an oncogenic, immunosuppressive retrovirus that causes myeloid leukosis and other tumors in chickens. Severe economic losses caused by ALV-J remain an unsolved problem in many parts of the world due to inefficient eradication strategies and lack of effective vaccines. ALV-J attachment and entry are mediated through the specific receptor, chicken Na+/H+ exchanger type 1 (chNHE1). The non-conserved amino acid tryptophan 38 (W38) in chNHE1 is crucial for virus entry, making it a favorable target for the introduction of disease resistance. In this study, we obtained ALV-J-resistance in a commercial chicken line by precise deletion of chNHE1 W38, utilizing the CRISPR/Cas9-system in combination with homology directed repair. The genetic modification completely protected cells from infection with a subgroup J retrovirus. W38 deletion did neither have a negative effect on the development nor on the general health condition of the gene edited chickens. Overall, the generation of ALV-J-resistant birds by precise gene editing demonstrates the immense potential of this approach as an alternative disease control strategy in poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romina Hellmich
- Department of Animal Sciences, Reproductive Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Hicham Sid
- Department of Animal Sciences, Reproductive Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Kamila Lengyel
- Department of Animal Sciences, Reproductive Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Krzysztof Flisikowski
- Department of Animal Sciences, Chair of Livestock Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Antonina Schlickenrieder
- Department of Animal Sciences, Reproductive Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Denise Bartsch
- Department of Animal Sciences, Reproductive Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Theresa Thoma
- Department of Animal Sciences, Reproductive Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University Munich, Freising, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Benjamin Schusser
- Department of Animal Sciences, Reproductive Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University Munich, Freising, Germany
- *Correspondence: Benjamin Schusser
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13
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Precise CRISPR/Cas9 editing of the NHE1 gene renders chickens resistant to the J subgroup of avian leukosis virus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:2108-2112. [PMID: 31964810 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1913827117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Avian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J) is an important concern for the poultry industry. Replication of ALV-J depends on a functional cellular receptor, the chicken Na+/H+ exchanger type 1 (chNHE1). Tryptophan residue number 38 of chNHE1 (W38) in the extracellular portion of this molecule is a critical amino acid for virus entry. We describe a CRISPR/Cas9-mediated deletion of W38 in chicken primordial germ cells and the successful production of the gene-edited birds. The resistance to ALV-J was examined both in vitro and in vivo, and the ΔW38 homozygous chickens tested ALV-J-resistant, in contrast to ΔW38 heterozygotes and wild-type birds, which were ALV-J-susceptible. Deletion of W38 did not manifest any visible side effect. Our data clearly demonstrate the antiviral resistance conferred by precise CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing in the chicken. Furthermore, our highly efficient CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing in primordial germ cells represents a substantial addition to genotechnology in the chicken, an important food source and research model.
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14
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Hejnar J, Ruml T. The Current View of Retroviruses as Seen from the Shoulders of a Giant. Viruses 2019; 11:v11090828. [PMID: 31491994 PMCID: PMC6784152 DOI: 10.3390/v11090828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
It has now been more than two years since we said our last goodbye to Jan Svoboda (14 [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiří Hejnar
- Department of Viral and Cellular Genetics, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, CZ-14220 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Tomáš Ruml
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology, CZ-166 28 Prague, Czech Republic.
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15
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The Novel Avian Leukosis Virus Subgroup K Shares Its Cellular Receptor with Subgroup A. J Virol 2019; 93:JVI.00580-19. [PMID: 31217247 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00580-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Avian leukosis virus subgroup K (ALV-K) is composed of newly emerging isolates, which, in sequence analyses, cluster separately from the well-characterized subgroups A, B, C, D, E, and J. However, it remains unclear whether ALV-K represents an independent ALV subgroup with regard to receptor usage, host range, and superinfection interference. In the present study, we examined the host range of the Chinese infectious isolate JS11C1, an ALV-K prototype, and we found substantial overlap of species that were either resistant or susceptible to ALV-A and JS11C1. Ectopic expression of the chicken tva gene in mammalian cells conferred susceptibility to JS11C1, while genetic ablation of the tva gene rendered chicken DF-1 cells resistant to infection by JS11C1. Thus, tva expression is both sufficient and necessary for JS11C1 entry. Receptor sharing was also manifested in superinfection interference, with preinfection of cells with ALV-A, but not ALV-B or ALV-J, blocking subsequent JS11C1 infection. Finally, direct binding of JS11C1 and Tva was demonstrated by preincubation of the virus with soluble Tva, which substantially decreased viral infectivity in susceptible chicken cells. Collectively, these findings indicate that JS11C1 represents a new and bona fide ALV subgroup that utilizes Tva for cell entry and binds to a site other than that for ALV-A.IMPORTANCE ALV consists of several subgroups that are particularly characterized by their receptor usage, which subsequently dictates the host range and tropism of the virus. A few newly emerging and highly pathogenic Chinese ALV strains have recently been suggested to be an independent subgroup, ALV-K, based solely on their genomic sequences. Here, we performed a series of experiments with the ALV-K strain JS11C1, which showed its dependence on the Tva cell surface receptor. Due to the sharing of this receptor with ALV-A, both subgroups were able to interfere with superinfection. Because ALV-K could become an important pathogen and a significant threat to the poultry industry in Asia, the identification of a specific receptor could help in the breeding of resistant chicken lines with receptor variants with decreased susceptibility to the virus.
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16
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Lee HJ, Park KJ, Lee KY, Yao Y, Nair V, Han JY. Sequential disruption of ALV host receptor genes reveals no sharing of receptors between ALV subgroups A, B, and J. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2019; 10:23. [PMID: 30976416 PMCID: PMC6444617 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-019-0333-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Previously, we showed that targeted disruption of viral receptor genes in avian leukosis virus (ALV) subgroups using clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9))-based genome editing confers resistance to ALV subgroups B and J. Here, we used the same strategy to target the receptor expressed by ALV subgroup A (TVA) and generate chicken cells resistant to infection by this virus. Results CRISPR/Cas9-based disruption of exon 2 within the tva gene of DF-1 fibroblasts conferred resistance to infection by ALV subgroup A regardless of whether frameshift mutations were introduced during editing. Conversely, overexpression of the wild-type TVA receptor (wtTVA) by tva-modified DF-1 clones restored susceptibility to ALV subgroup A. The results confirm that exon 2, which contains the low-density lipoprotein receptor class A domain of TVA, is critical for virus entry. Furthermore, we sequentially modified DF-1 cells by editing the tva, tvb, and Na+/H+ exchange 1 (chNHE1) genes, which are the specific receptors for ALV subgroups A, B, and J, respectively. Conclusions Simultaneous editing of multiple receptors to block infection by different subgroups of ALV confirmed that ALV subgroups A, B, and J do not share host receptors. This strategy could be used to generate cells resistant to multiple viral pathogens that use distinct receptors for cell entry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Jo Lee
- 1Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 Korea
| | - Kyung Je Park
- 1Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 Korea
| | - Kyung Youn Lee
- 1Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 Korea
| | - Yongxiu Yao
- 2The Pirbright Institute, Woking, Surrey GU24 0NF UK
| | | | - Jae Yong Han
- 1Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 Korea
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17
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Zhang Y, Guan X, Chen Z, Cao D, Kang Z, Shen Q, Lei Q, Li F, Li H, Leghari MF, Wang Y, Qi X, Wang X, Gao Y. The high conserved cellular receptors of avian leukosis virus subgroup J in Chinese local chickens contributes to its wide host range. Poult Sci 2019; 97:4187-4192. [PMID: 30107614 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pey331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Avian leukosis virus (ALV) is a tumor-inducing virus that spreads among most chicken species, causing serious financial losses for the poultry industry. Subgroup J avian leukosis virus (ALV-J) is a recombinant exogenous ALV, which shows more extensive host range in comparison with other subgroups, especially in Chinese local chickens. To identify the relationship between ALV-J host range and the polymorphism of its cellular receptors, we performed a wide range epidemiological investigation of current ALV-J infection in Chinese local chickens, and discovered that all the 18 local chicken breeds being investigated from main local chicken breeding provinces were ALV-J positive. Furthermore, we cloned ALV-J cellular receptor genes of chNHE1 and chANXA2 of these 18 chicken breeds. Sequence alignment demonstrated that despite several regular mutations at the nucleotide level, there were no corresponding amino acid mutations for either chNHE1 gene or chANXA2 gene. Additionally, virus entry assay indicated that the level of viral enter into cells is stable among different chicken breeds. Results of this study indicated that the wide host range of ALV-J in Chinese local chickens was partially due to the high conservatism of its cellular receptors, and also provide target sites for drug design of resistance to ALV-J infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Zhang
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, Heilongjiang Province, PR China
| | - Xiaolu Guan
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, Heilongjiang Province, PR China
| | - Zhiwu Chen
- Guangxi Jinling Husbandry Group CO., LTD, Lu Ping Country, Nanning 530000, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, PR China
| | - Dingguo Cao
- Institute of Poultry Science, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Science, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Zhaofeng Kang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Science, Nanchang 330200, China
| | - Qiancheng Shen
- Guangxi Jinling Husbandry Group CO., LTD, Lu Ping Country, Nanning 530000, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, PR China
| | - Qiuxia Lei
- Institute of Poultry Science, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Science, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Fuwei Li
- Institute of Poultry Science, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Science, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Haiqin Li
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Science, Nanchang 330200, China
| | - Muhammad Farooque Leghari
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, Heilongjiang Province, PR China
| | - Yongqiang Wang
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, Heilongjiang Province, PR China
| | - Xiaole Qi
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, Heilongjiang Province, PR China
| | - Xiaomei Wang
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, Heilongjiang Province, PR China
| | - Yulong Gao
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, Heilongjiang Province, PR China
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18
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Koslová A, Kučerová D, Reinišová M, Geryk J, Trefil P, Hejnar J. Genetic Resistance to Avian Leukosis Viruses Induced by CRISPR/Cas9 Editing of Specific Receptor Genes in Chicken Cells. Viruses 2018; 10:E605. [PMID: 30400152 PMCID: PMC6266994 DOI: 10.3390/v10110605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Avian leukosis viruses (ALVs), which are pathogens of concern in domestic poultry, utilize specific receptor proteins for cell entry that are both necessary and sufficient for host susceptibility to a given ALV subgroup. This unequivocal relationship offers receptors as suitable targets of selection and biotechnological manipulation with the aim of obtaining virus-resistant poultry. This approach is further supported by the existence of natural knock-outs of receptor genes that segregate in inbred lines of chickens. We used CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing tools to introduce frame-shifting indel mutations into tva, tvc, and tvj loci encoding receptors for the A, C, and J ALV subgroups, respectively. For all three loci, the homozygous frame-shifting indels generating premature stop codons induced phenotypes which were fully resistant to the virus of respective subgroup. In the tvj locus, we also obtained in-frame deletions corroborating the importance of W38 and the four amino-acids preceding it. We demonstrate that CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knock-out or the fine editing of ALV receptor genes might be the first step in the development of virus-resistant chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Koslová
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, CZ 14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic.
| | - Dana Kučerová
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, CZ 14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic.
| | - Markéta Reinišová
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, CZ 14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic.
| | - Josef Geryk
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, CZ 14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic.
| | - Pavel Trefil
- BIOPHARM, Research Institute of Biopharmacy and Veterinary Drugs, 254 49 Jílové u Prahy, Czech Republic.
| | - Jiří Hejnar
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, CZ 14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic.
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19
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Sid H, Schusser B. Applications of Gene Editing in Chickens: A New Era Is on the Horizon. Front Genet 2018; 9:456. [PMID: 30356667 PMCID: PMC6189320 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The chicken represents a valuable model for research in the area of immunology, infectious diseases as well as developmental biology. Although it was the first livestock species to have its genome sequenced, there was no reverse genetic technology available to help understanding specific gene functions. Recently, homologous recombination was used to knockout the chicken immunoglobulin genes. Subsequent studies using immunoglobulin knockout birds helped to understand different aspects related to B cell development and antibody production. Furthermore, the latest advances in the field of genome editing including the CRISPR/Cas9 system allowed the introduction of site specific gene modifications in various animal species. Thus, it may provide a powerful tool for the generation of genetically modified chickens carrying resistance for certain pathogens. This was previously demonstrated by targeting the Trp38 region which was shown to be effective in the control of avian leukosis virus in chicken DF-1 cells. Herein we review the current and future prospects of gene editing and how it possibly contributes to the development of resistant chickens against infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Benjamin Schusser
- Department of Animal Sciences, Reproductive Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University Munich, Freising, Germany
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20
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Li X, Chen W, Zhang H, Li A, Shu D, Li H, Dai Z, Yan Y, Zhang X, Lin W, Ma J, Xie Q. Naturally Occurring Frameshift Mutations in the tvb Receptor Gene Are Responsible for Decreased Susceptibility of Chicken to Infection with Avian Leukosis Virus Subgroups B, D, and E. J Virol 2018; 92:e01770-17. [PMID: 29263268 PMCID: PMC5874434 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01770-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The group of highly related avian leukosis viruses (ALVs) in chickens are thought to have evolved from a common retroviral ancestor into six subgroups, A to E and J. These ALV subgroups use diverse cellular proteins encoded by four genetic loci in chickens as receptors to gain entry into host cells. Hosts exposed to ALVs might be under selective pressure to develop resistance to ALV infection. Indeed, resistance alleles have previously been identified in all four receptor loci in chickens. The tvb gene encodes a receptor, which determines the susceptibility of host cells to ALV subgroup B (ALV-B), ALV-D, and ALV-E. Here we describe the identification of two novel alleles of the tvb receptor gene, which possess independent insertions each within exon 4. The insertions resulted in frameshift mutations that reveal a premature stop codon that causes nonsense-mediated decay of the mutant mRNA and the production of truncated Tvb protein. As a result, we observed that the frameshift mutations in the tvb gene significantly lower the binding affinity of the truncated Tvb receptors for the ALV-B, ALV-D, and ALV-E envelope glycoproteins and significantly reduce susceptibility to infection by ALV-B, ALV-D and ALV-E in vitro and in vivo Taken together, these findings suggest that frameshift mutation can be a molecular mechanism of reducing susceptibility to ALV and enhance our understanding of virus-host coevolution.IMPORTANCE Avian leukosis virus (ALV) once caused devastating economic loss to the U.S. poultry industry prior the current eradication schemes in place, and it continues to cause severe calamity to the poultry industry in China and Southeast Asia, where deployment of a complete eradication scheme remains a challenge. The tvb gene encodes the cellular receptor necessary for subgroup B, D, and E ALV infection. Two tvb allelic variants that resulted from frameshift mutations have been identified in this study, which have been shown to have significantly reduced functionality in mediating subgroup B, D, and E ALV infection. Unlike the control of herpesvirus-induced diseases by vaccination, the control of avian leukosis in chickens has relied totally on virus eradication measures and host genetic resistance. This finding enriches the allelic pool of the tvb gene and expands the potential for genetic improvement of ALV resistance in varied chicken populations by selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinjian Li
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University and Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Health Aquaculture and Environmental Control, Guangdong, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiguo Chen
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University and Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Health Aquaculture and Environmental Control, Guangdong, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Huanmin Zhang
- USDA, Agriculture Research Service, Avian Disease and Oncology Laboratory, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Aijun Li
- College of Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Dingming Shu
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongxing Li
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University and Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Health Aquaculture and Environmental Control, Guangdong, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenkai Dai
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University and Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Health Aquaculture and Environmental Control, Guangdong, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiming Yan
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University and Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Health Aquaculture and Environmental Control, Guangdong, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinheng Zhang
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University and Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Health Aquaculture and Environmental Control, Guangdong, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wencheng Lin
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University and Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Health Aquaculture and Environmental Control, Guangdong, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingyun Ma
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University and Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Health Aquaculture and Environmental Control, Guangdong, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingmei Xie
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University and Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Health Aquaculture and Environmental Control, Guangdong, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
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21
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Residues 28 to 39 of the Extracellular Loop 1 of Chicken Na +/H + Exchanger Type I Mediate Cell Binding and Entry of Subgroup J Avian Leukosis Virus. J Virol 2017; 92:JVI.01627-17. [PMID: 29070685 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01627-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Chicken Na+/H+ exchanger type I (chNHE1), a multispan transmembrane protein, is a cellular receptor of the subgroup J avian leukosis virus (ALV-J). To identify the functional determinants of chNHE1 responsible for the ALV-J receptor activity, a series of chimeric receptors was created by exchanging the extracellular loops (ECL) of human NHE1 (huNHE1) and chNHE1 and by ECL replacement with a hemagglutinin (HA) tag. These chimeric receptors then were used in binding and entry assays to map the minimal ALV-J gp85-binding domain of chNHE1. We show that ECL1 of chNHE1 (chECL1) is the critical functional ECL that interacts directly with ALV-J gp85; ECL3 is also involved in ALV-J gp85 binding. Amino acid residues 28 to 39 of the N-terminal membrane-proximal region of chECL1 constitute the minimal domain required for chNHE1 binding of ALV-J gp85. These residues are sufficient to mediate viral entry into ALV-J nonpermissive cells. Point mutation analysis revealed that A30, V33, W38, and E39 of chECL1 are the key residues mediating the binding between chNHE1 and ALV-J gp85. Further, the replacement of residues 28 to 39 of huNHE1 with the corresponding chNHE1 residues converted the nonfunctional ALV-J receptor huNHE1 to a functional one. Importantly, soluble chECL1 and huECL1 harboring chNHE1 residues 28 to 39 both could effectively block ALV-J infection. Collectively, our findings indicate that residues 28 to 39 of chNHE1 constitute a domain that is critical for receptor function and mediate ALV-J entry.IMPORTANCE chNHE1 is a cellular receptor of ALV-J, a retrovirus that causes infections in chickens and serious economic losses in the poultry industry. Until now, the domains determining the chNHE1 receptor function remained unknown. We demonstrate that chECL1 is critical for receptor function, with residues 28 to 39 constituting the minimal functional domain responsible for chNHE1 binding of ALV-J gp85 and efficiently mediating ALV-J cell entry. These residues are located in the membrane-proximal region of the N terminus of chECL1, suggesting that the binding site of ALV-J gp85 on chNHE1 is probably located on the apex of the molecule; the receptor-binding mode might be different from that of retroviruses. We also found that soluble chECL1, as well as huECL1 harboring chNHE1 residues 28 to 39, effectively blocked ALV-J infection. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the ALV-J infection mechanism and also provide new insights into the control strategies for ALV-J infection.
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22
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Lee HJ, Lee KY, Jung KM, Park KJ, Lee KO, Suh JY, Yao Y, Nair V, Han JY. Precise gene editing of chicken Na+/H+ exchange type 1 (chNHE1) confers resistance to avian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J). DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 77:340-349. [PMID: 28899753 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2017.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2017] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Avian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J), first isolated in the late 1980s, has caused economic losses to the poultry industry in many countries. As all chicken lines studied to date are susceptible to ALV infection, there is enormous interest in developing resistant chicken lines. The ALV-J receptor, chicken Na+/H+ exchange 1 (chNHE1) and the critical amino acid sequences involved in viral attachment and entry have already been characterized. However, there are no reported attempts to induce resistance to the virus by targeted genome modification of the receptor sequences. In an attempt to induce resistance to ALV-J infection, we used clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-associated (CRISPR/Cas9)-based genome editing approaches to modify critical residues of the chNHE1 receptor in chicken cells. The susceptibility of the modified cell lines to ALV-J infection was examined using enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP)-expressing marker viruses. We showed that modifying the chNHE1 receptor by artificially generating a premature stop codon induced absolute resistance to viral infection, with mutations of the tryptophan residue at position 38 (Trp38) being very critical. Single-stranded oligodeoxynucleotide (ssODN)-mediated targeted recombination of the Trp38 region revealed that deletions involving the Trp38 residue were most effective in conferring resistance to ALV-J. Moreover, protein structure analysis of the chNHE1 receptor sequence suggested that its intrinsically disordered region undergoes local conformational changes through genetic alteration. Collectively, these results demonstrate that targeted mutations on chNHE1 alter the susceptibility to ALV-J and the technique is expected to contribute to develop disease-resistant chicken lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Jo Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea.
| | - Kyung Youn Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea.
| | - Kyung Min Jung
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea.
| | - Kyung Je Park
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea.
| | - Ko On Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea.
| | - Jeong-Yong Suh
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea; Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Shinshu University, Nagano, Japan.
| | - Yongxiu Yao
- The Pirbright Institute, Woking, Surrey GU24 0NF, United Kingdom.
| | - Venugopal Nair
- The Pirbright Institute, Woking, Surrey GU24 0NF, United Kingdom.
| | - Jae Yong Han
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea; Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Shinshu University, Nagano, Japan.
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23
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Chen W, Liu Y, Li A, Li X, Li H, Dai Z, Yan Y, Zhang X, Shu D, Zhang H, Lin W, Ma J, Xie Q. A premature stop codon within the tvb receptor gene results in decreased susceptibility to infection by avian leukosis virus subgroups B, D, and E. Oncotarget 2017; 8:105942-105956. [PMID: 29285305 PMCID: PMC5739692 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Avian leukosis virus (ALV) is an oncogenic virus causing a variety of neoplasms in chickens. The group of avian leukosis virus in chickens contains six closely related subgroups, A to E and J. The prevalence of ALVs in hosts may have imposed strong selective pressure toward resistance to ALVs infection. The tvb gene encodes Tvb receptor and determines susceptibility or resistance to the subgroups B, D, and E ALV. In this study, we characterized a novel resistant allele of the tvb receptor gene, tvbr3, which carries a single-nucleotide substitution (c.298C>T) that constitutes a premature termination codon within the fourth exon and leads to the production of a truncated TvbR3 receptor protein. As a result, we observed decreased susceptibility to infection by ALV-B, ALV-D and ALV-E both in vitro and in vivo, and decreased the binding affinity of the TvbR3 receptor for the subgroups B, D, and E ALV envelope glycoproteins. Additionally, we found that the tvbr3 allele was prevalent in Chinese broiler lines. This study demonstrated that premature termination codon in the tvb receptor gene can confer genetic resistance to subgroups B, D, and E ALV in the host, and indicates that tvbr3 could potentially serve as a resistant target against ALV-B, ALV-D and ALV-E infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- WeiGuo Chen
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University & Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Health Aquaculture and Environmental Control, Guangdong, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China
- South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China
| | - Yang Liu
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University & Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Health Aquaculture and Environmental Control, Guangdong, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China
| | - Aijun Li
- College of Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China
| | - Xinjian Li
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University & Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Health Aquaculture and Environmental Control, Guangdong, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China
| | - Hongxing Li
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University & Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Health Aquaculture and Environmental Control, Guangdong, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China
| | - Zhenkai Dai
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University & Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Health Aquaculture and Environmental Control, Guangdong, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China
| | - Yiming Yan
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University & Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Health Aquaculture and Environmental Control, Guangdong, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China
| | - Xinheng Zhang
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University & Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Health Aquaculture and Environmental Control, Guangdong, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China
| | - Dingming Shu
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Huanmin Zhang
- USDA, Agriculture Research Service, Avian Disease and Oncology Laboratory, East Lansing, MI 48823, USA
| | - Wencheng Lin
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University & Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Health Aquaculture and Environmental Control, Guangdong, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China
- South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China
| | - Jingyun Ma
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University & Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Health Aquaculture and Environmental Control, Guangdong, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China
- South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China
| | - Qingmei Xie
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University & Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Health Aquaculture and Environmental Control, Guangdong, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China
- South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China
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24
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Lee HJ, Lee KY, Park YH, Choi HJ, Yao Y, Nair V, Han JY. Acquisition of resistance to avian leukosis virus subgroup B through mutations on tvb cysteine-rich domains in DF-1 chicken fibroblasts. Vet Res 2017; 48:48. [PMID: 28903753 PMCID: PMC5598054 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-017-0454-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Avian leukosis virus (ALV) is a retrovirus that causes tumors in avian species, and its vertical and horizontal transmission in poultry flocks results in enormous economic losses. Despite the discovery of specific host receptors, there have been few reports on the modulation of viral susceptibility via genetic modification. We therefore engineered acquired resistance to ALV subgroup B using CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing technology in DF-1 chicken fibroblasts. Using this method, we efficiently modified the tumor virus locus B (tvb) gene, encoding the TVB receptor, which is essential for ALV subgroup B entry into host cells. By expanding individual DF-1 clones, we established that artificially generated premature stop codons in the cysteine-rich domain (CRD) of TVB receptor confer resistance to ALV subgroup B. Furthermore, we found that a cysteine residue (C80) of CRD2 plays a crucial role in ALV subgroup B entry. These results suggest that CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing can be used to efficiently modify avian cells and establish novel chicken cell lines with resistance to viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Jo Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Kyung Youn Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Young Hyun Park
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Hee Jung Choi
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Yongxiu Yao
- The Pirbright Institute, Woking, Pirbright, Surrey, GU24 0NF, UK
| | - Venugopal Nair
- The Pirbright Institute, Woking, Pirbright, Surrey, GU24 0NF, UK
| | - Jae Yong Han
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea. .,Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Shinshu University, Minamiminowa, Nagano, 399-4598, Japan.
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25
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Plachý J, Reinišová M, Kučerová D, Šenigl F, Stepanets V, Hron T, Trejbalová K, Elleder D, Hejnar J. Identification of New World Quails Susceptible to Infection with Avian Leukosis Virus Subgroup J. J Virol 2017; 91:e02002-16. [PMID: 27881654 PMCID: PMC5244330 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02002-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The J subgroup of avian leukosis virus (ALV-J) infects domestic chickens, jungle fowl, and turkeys. This virus enters the host cell through a receptor encoded by the tvj locus and identified as Na+/H+ exchanger 1. The resistance to avian leukosis virus subgroup J in a great majority of galliform species has been explained by deletions or substitutions of the critical tryptophan 38 in the first extracellular loop of Na+/H+ exchanger 1. Because there are concerns of transspecies virus transmission, we studied natural polymorphisms and susceptibility/resistance in wild galliforms and found the presence of tryptophan 38 in four species of New World quails. The embryo fibroblasts of New World quails are susceptible to infection with avian leukosis virus subgroup J, and the cloned Na+/H+ exchanger 1 confers susceptibility on the otherwise resistant host. New World quails are also susceptible to new avian leukosis virus subgroup J variants but resistant to subgroups A and B and weakly susceptible to subgroups C and D of avian sarcoma/leukosis virus due to obvious defects of the respective receptors. Our results suggest that the avian leukosis virus subgroup J could be transmitted to New World quails and establish a natural reservoir of circulating virus with a potential for further evolution. IMPORTANCE Since its spread in broiler chickens in China and Southeast Asia in 2000, ALV-J remains a major enzootic challenge for the poultry industry. Although the virus diversifies rapidly in the poultry, its spillover and circulation in wild bird species has been prevented by the resistance of most species to ALV-J. It is, nevertheless, important to understand the evolution of the virus and its potential host range in wild birds. Because resistance to avian retroviruses is due particularly to receptor incompatibility, we studied Na+/H+ exchanger 1, the receptor for ALV-J. In New World quails, we found a receptor compatible with virus entry, and we confirmed the susceptibilities of four New World quail species in vitro We propose that a prospective molecular epidemiology study be conducted to identify species with the potential to become reservoirs for ALV-J.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiří Plachý
- Department of Viral and Cellular Genetics, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Markéta Reinišová
- Department of Viral and Cellular Genetics, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Dana Kučerová
- Department of Viral and Cellular Genetics, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Filip Šenigl
- Department of Viral and Cellular Genetics, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Volodymyr Stepanets
- Department of Viral and Cellular Genetics, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Hron
- Department of Viral and Cellular Genetics, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Trejbalová
- Department of Viral and Cellular Genetics, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Elleder
- Department of Viral and Cellular Genetics, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Hejnar
- Department of Viral and Cellular Genetics, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
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26
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Reinišová M, Plachý J, Kučerová D, Šenigl F, Vinkler M, Hejnar J. Genetic Diversity of NHE1, Receptor for Subgroup J Avian Leukosis Virus, in Domestic Chicken and Wild Anseriform Species. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0150589. [PMID: 26978658 PMCID: PMC4792377 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0150589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
J subgroup avian leukosis virus (ALV-J) infects domestic chicken, jungle fowl, and turkey and enters the host cell through a receptor encoded by tvj locus and identified as Na+/H+ exchanger 1 (NHE1). The resistance to ALV-J in a great majority of examined galliform species was explained by deletions or substitutions of the critical tryptophan 38 in the first extracellular loop of NHE1, and genetic polymorphisms around this site predict the susceptibility or resistance of a given species or individual. In this study, we examined the NHE1 polymorphism in domestic chicken breeds and documented quantitative differences in their susceptibility to ALV-J in vitro. In a panel of chicken breeds assembled with the aim to cover the maximum variability encountered in domestic chickens, we found a completely uniform sequence of NHE1 extracellular loop 1 (ECL1) without any source of genetic variation for the selection of ALV-J-resistant poultry. In parallel, we studied the natural polymorphisms of NHE1 in wild ducks and geese because of recent reports on ALV-J positivity in feral Asian species. In anseriform species, we demonstrate a specific and highly conserved critical ECL1 sequence without any homologue of tryptophan 38 in accordance with the resistance of duck cells to prototype ALV-J. Last, we demonstrated that the new Asian strains of ALV-J have not evolved their envelope glycoprotein to the entry the duck cells. Our results contribute substantially to the current discussion of possible heterotransmission of ALV-J and its spill-over into the wild ducks and geese.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markéta Reinišová
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Videnska 1083, CZ-14220, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Plachý
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Videnska 1083, CZ-14220, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Dana Kučerová
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Videnska 1083, CZ-14220, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Filip Šenigl
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Videnska 1083, CZ-14220, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Vinkler
- Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Science, Department of Zoology, Vinicna 7, CZ-12844, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Hejnar
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Videnska 1083, CZ-14220, Prague 4, Czech Republic
- * E-mail:
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27
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Chen W, Liu Y, Li H, Chang S, Shu D, Zhang H, Chen F, Xie Q. Intronic deletions of tva receptor gene decrease the susceptibility to infection by avian sarcoma and leukosis virus subgroup A. Sci Rep 2015; 5:9900. [PMID: 25873518 PMCID: PMC4397534 DOI: 10.1038/srep09900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The group of avian sarcoma and leukosis virus (ASLV) in chickens contains six highly related subgroups, A to E and J. Four genetic loci, tva, tvb, tvc and tvj, encode for corresponding receptors that determine the susceptibility to the ASLV subgroups. The prevalence of ASLV in hosts may have imposed strong selection pressure toward resistance to ASLV infection, and the resistant alleles in all four receptor genes have been identified. In this study, two new alleles of the tva receptor gene, tvar5 and tvar6, with similar intronic deletions were identified in Chinese commercial broilers. These natural mutations delete the deduced branch point signal within the first intron, disrupting mRNA splicing of the tva receptor gene and leading to the retention of intron 1 and introduction of premature TGA stop codons in both the longer and shorter tva isoforms. As a result, decreased susceptibility to subgroup A ASLV in vitro and in vivo was observed in the subsequent analysis. In addition, we identified two groups of heterozygous allele pairs which exhibited quantitative differences in host susceptibility to ASLV-A. This study demonstrated that defective splicing of the tva receptor gene can confer genetic resistance to ASLV subgroup A in the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiguo Chen
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University &Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Guangzhou, 510642, P. R. China
| | - Yang Liu
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University &Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Guangzhou, 510642, P. R. China
| | - Hongxing Li
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University &Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Guangzhou, 510642, P. R. China
| | - Shuang Chang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, P. R. China
| | - Dingming Shu
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Huanmin Zhang
- USDA, Agriculture Research Service, Avian Disease and Oncology Laboratory, East Lansing, MI, 48823, U.S.A
| | - Feng Chen
- 1] College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University &Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Guangzhou, 510642, P. R. China [2] South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou, 510642, P. R. China
| | - Qingmei Xie
- 1] College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University &Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Guangzhou, 510642, P. R. China [2] Key Laboratory of Animal Health Aquaculture and Environmental Control, Guangdong, Guangzhou, 510642, P. R. China [3] South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou, 510642, P. R. China
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28
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Mei M, Ye J, Qin A, Wang L, Hu X, Qian K, Shao H. Identification of novel viral receptors with cell line expressing viral receptor-binding protein. Sci Rep 2015; 5:7935. [PMID: 25604889 PMCID: PMC4300512 DOI: 10.1038/srep07935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The viral cell receptors and infection can be blocked by the expression of the viral receptor-binding protein. Thus, the viral cell receptor is an attractive target for anti-viral strategies, and the identification of viral cell receptor is critical for better understanding and controlling viral disease. As a model system for viral entry and anti-retroviral approaches, avian sarcoma/leukosis virus (ASLV, including the A-J ten subgroups) has been studied intensively and many milestone discoveries have been achieved based on work with ASLV. Here, we used a DF1 cell line expressed viral receptor-binding protein to efficiently identify chicken Annexin A2 (chANXA2) as a novel receptor for retrovirus ALV-J (avian leukosis virus subgroup J). Our data demonstrate that antibodies or siRNA to chANXA2 significantly inhibited ALV-J infection and replication, and over-expression of chANXA2 permitted the entry of ALV-J into its non-permissible cells. Our findings have not only identified chANXA2 as a novel biomarker for anti-ALV-J, but also demonstrated that cell lines with the expression of viral receptor-binding protein could be as efficient tools for isolating functional receptors to identify novel anti-viral targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Mei
- 1] Ministry of Education Key Lab for Avian Preventive Medicine, Yangzhou University, No.12 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu. 225009, P. R. China [2] Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou. 225009, P. R. China
| | - Jianqiang Ye
- 1] Ministry of Education Key Lab for Avian Preventive Medicine, Yangzhou University, No.12 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu. 225009, P. R. China [2] Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou. 225009, P. R. China
| | - Aijian Qin
- 1] Ministry of Education Key Lab for Avian Preventive Medicine, Yangzhou University, No.12 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu. 225009, P. R. China [2] Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou. 225009, P. R. China [3] Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou. 225009, P. R. China
| | - Lin Wang
- 1] Ministry of Education Key Lab for Avian Preventive Medicine, Yangzhou University, No.12 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu. 225009, P. R. China [2] Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou. 225009, P. R. China
| | - Xuming Hu
- 1] Ministry of Education Key Lab for Avian Preventive Medicine, Yangzhou University, No.12 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu. 225009, P. R. China [2] Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou. 225009, P. R. China
| | - Kun Qian
- 1] Ministry of Education Key Lab for Avian Preventive Medicine, Yangzhou University, No.12 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu. 225009, P. R. China [2] Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou. 225009, P. R. China [3] Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou. 225009, P. R. China
| | - Hongxia Shao
- 1] Ministry of Education Key Lab for Avian Preventive Medicine, Yangzhou University, No.12 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu. 225009, P. R. China [2] Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou. 225009, P. R. China [3] Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou. 225009, P. R. China
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Elamurugan A, Karthik K, Badasara SK, Hajam IA, Saravanan M. Novel insights into identification of shedders and transmitters of avian leukosis virus. ASIAN PACIFIC JOURNAL OF TROPICAL DISEASE 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s2222-1808(15)60889-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Wang Q, Li X, Ji X, Wang J, Shen N, Gao Y, Qi X, Wang Y, Gao H, Zhang S, Wang X. A recombinant avian leukosis virus subgroup j for directly monitoring viral infection and the selection of neutralizing antibodies. PLoS One 2014; 9:e115422. [PMID: 25522008 PMCID: PMC4270768 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0115422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Accepted: 11/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Avian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J) has induced serious clinical outbreaks and has become a serious infectious disease of chickens in China. We describe here the creation of a recombinant ALV-J tagged with the enhanced green fluorescent protein (named rHPRS-103EGFP). We successfully utilize the rHPRS-103EGFP to visualize viral infection and for development of a simplified serum-neutralization test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Xiaofei Li
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Xiaolin Ji
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Jingfei Wang
- Centre for Animal Infectious Disease Diagnosis and Technical Services and State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Nan Shen
- Centre for Animal Infectious Disease Diagnosis and Technical Services and State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Yulong Gao
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Xiaole Qi
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Yongqiang Wang
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Honglei Gao
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Shide Zhang
- Departments of Radiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China
- * E-mail: (SZ); (XW)
| | - Xiaomei Wang
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150001, China
- * E-mail: (SZ); (XW)
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Zeng X, Gao Y, Li D, Hao R, Liu W, Han C, Gao H, Qi X, Wang Y, Liu L, Wang X. Molecular characteristics of the complete genome of a J-subgroup avian leukosis virus strain isolated from Eurasian teal in China. Virus Genes 2014; 49:250-8. [PMID: 24854142 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-014-1081-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2014] [Accepted: 05/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The J-subgroup avian leukosis virus (ALV-J) strain WB11098J was isolated from a wild Eurasian teal, and its proviral genomic sequences were determined. The complete proviral sequence of WB11098J was 7868 nt long. WB11098J was 95.3.9 % identical to the prototype strain HPRS-103, 94.2 % identical to the American strain ADOL-7501, 94.5-94.7 % identical to Chinese broiler isolates, 94.8-97.5 % identical to layer chicken isolates, and 94.4-95.0 % identical to Chinese local chicken isolates at the nucleotide level. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the WB11098J isolate shared the greatest homology with the layer strain SD09DP03 and was included in the same cluster. Interestingly, two 19-bp insertions in the U3 regions of the 5'LTR and 5'UTR that were most likely derived from other retroviruses were found in the WB11098J isolate. These insertions separately introduced one E2BP-binding site in the U3 region of the 5'LTR and a RNA polymerase II transcription factor IIB and core promoter motif of ten elements in the 5'UTR. A 5-bp deletion was identified in the U3 region of the 5'LTR. No nucleotides were deleted in the rTM or DR-1 regions in the 3'UTR. A 1-bp deletion was detected in the E element and introduced a specific and distinct binding site for c-Ets-1. Our study is the first to report the molecular characteristics of the complete genome of an ALV-J that was isolated from a wild bird and will provide necessary information for further understanding of the evolution of ALV-J.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangwei Zeng
- College of Wildlife Resources, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
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