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Miller JS, Ricciardi RP, Roberts BE, Paterson BM, Mathews MB. Arrangement of messenger RNAs and protein coding sequences in the major late transcription unit of adenovirus 2. J Mol Biol 1980; 142:455-88. [PMID: 7463481 DOI: 10.1016/0022-2836(80)90258-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Spector DJ, Crossland LD, Halbert DN, Raskas HJ. A 28K polypeptide is the translation product of 9 S RNA encoded by region 1A of adenovirus 2. Virology 1980; 102:218-21. [PMID: 7368568 DOI: 10.1016/0042-6822(80)90084-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Green M, Wold WS, Brackmann KH, Cartas MA. Identification of families of overlapping polypeptides coded by early "transforming" gene region 1 of human adenovirus type 2. Virology 1979; 97:275-86. [PMID: 473597 DOI: 10.1016/0042-6822(79)90339-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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5
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Spector DJ, McGrogan M, Raskas HJ. Regulation of the appearance of cytoplasmic RNAs from region 1 of the adenovirus 2 genome. J Mol Biol 1978; 126:395-414. [PMID: 745234 DOI: 10.1016/0022-2836(78)90048-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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6
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Eggerding F, Raskas HJ. Regulation of an early RNA transcribed from the transforming segment of the adenovirus 2 genome. Virology 1978; 91:312-20. [PMID: 741655 DOI: 10.1016/0042-6822(78)90379-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Abstract
All late adenovirus 2 messenger RNAs, except perhaps that for peptide IX, are composite molecules with sequences derived from at least two to five or more separate portions of the genome, as determined by electron microscopic analyses of polysomal RNA hybridized to single- or double-stranded DNA. We previously reported that eight different rightward-transcribed mRNAs contain, at their 5' ends, a common three-part leader sequence derived from coordinates 16.6, 19.6 and 26.6, and that a ninth mRNA consists of sequences from 4.6--6.1 linked directly to those from 9.7--11.0 (Chow et al., 1977a; revised coordinates). We now demonstrate that four additional RNA species also have the same tripartite leader joined to messages with 5' ends located at coordinates at 29.1, 30.5, 33.9 and 42.8. The RNA transcript extending from 29.1--39.0 covers most or all of the viral associated (VA) RNA genes (29.0--30.1). The late RNAs can be grouped into several families of transcripts in which two or three mRNAs have the same 3' end and 3' proximal sequences, but differ substantially in length at the 5' end and, therefore, the coordinate at which the leader sequences are attached to the main body of the message. The number of RNA species transcribed from the Ad2 chromosome between coordinates 29 and 50 exceeds the number of identified Ad2 proteins. Several pairs of messages differing in length by a few percent may thus encode the same protein or have a precursor-product relationship. We have also found that a subpopulation of the polysomal mRNAs for the fiber protein, the most distal gene (86.3--91.2) in the rightward transcription unit, has a fourth leader component "y" (78.6--79.1) in addition to the common tripartite leader sequences. Less frequent fiber RNA species have fifth "x" (76.9--77.3) and/or sixth "z" (84.7--85.1) leader segments. Transcripts with x, y or z segments might be processing intermediates, and it is possible to arrange these species into an array suggestive of multiple pathways for the maturation of fiber mRNA. mRNA transcribed at late times from the L strand between coordinates 15.0 and 11.0 has a single component leader located 200 bases from the main body of the gene from coordinate 16.1 to 15.7. This leader originates from a site very close to the first leader component (16.5--16.6) of the R strand messages and suggests the presence of adjacent L and R strand promoters from which transcription diverges. Taken together, these results emphasize the diversity of splicing patterns and the variety of recombined sequences generated during the synthesis of late Ad2 mRNAs.
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Carter TH, Blanton RA. Possible role of the 72,000 dalton DNA-binding protein in regulation of adenovirus type 5 early gene expression. J Virol 1978; 25:664-74. [PMID: 203722 PMCID: PMC353979 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.25.2.664-674.1978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Relative abundances of early virus RNA species in the cytoplasm of cells infected with wild-type adenovirus type 5 (WT Ad5) and a temperature-sensitive "early" mutant, H5ts125 (ts125), were compared by hybridization kinetics using separated strands of HindIII restriction endonuclease fragments of Ad5 DNA. 1-beta-D-Arabinofuranosylcytosine (ara-C) was used to limit transcription to early virus genes in cells infected by WT virus. At 40.5 degrees C, a restrictive temperature for ts125, three to seven times as much virus RNA from all four early regions of the genome accumulated in the cytoplasm of cells infected by the mutant as accumulated in cells infected by WT. At 32 degrees C, no such difference in the relative abundances of cytoplasmic virus RNA was observed. The capacity to synthesize a 72,000-dalton (72K) virus polypeptide, presumably the single-stranded DNA-binding protein that is defective in ts125 at restrictive temperatures, was compared in cells infected at 40.5 degrees C in the presence of ara-C with the mutant or WT Ad5. The rate of 72K polypeptide synthesis, measured by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gradient gel electrophoresis of [35S]methionine-labeled polypeptides and autoradiography, was greater at 15 h after infection in ts125-infected cells than in cells infected by WT. A time course experiment showed that the rate of synthesis of the 72K polypeptide increased continuously in ts125-infected cells during the first 15 h of infection, relative to the rate in WT-infected cells. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that Ad5 early gene expression is modulated by the product of an early gene, the 72K DNA-binding protein.
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Eggerding F, Raskas HJ. Effect of protein synthesis inhibitors on viral mRNA's synthesized early in adenovirus type 2 infection. J Virol 1978; 25:453-8. [PMID: 621786 PMCID: PMC353949 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.25.1.453-458.1978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral mRNA species synthesized early in adenovirus type 2 infection in the presence of cycloheximide were compared with those synthesized in the absence of drug or in the presence of the DNA synthesis inhibitor 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine. Cycloheximide caused approximately a 10-fold stimulation in the accumulation of [3H]uridine into early viral mRNA species. The only exception was a 24s mRNA transcribed from the transforming end of the genome; in the presence of cycloheximide, accumulation of this mRNA species was stimulated no more than 2-fold. Treatment with cycloheximide also resulted in the accumulation of polyadenylated RNAs transcribed from EcoRI-C that are heterogeneous and smaller than the 20S mRNA. Other translation inhibitors were shown to have similar effects, suggesting that inhibition of protein synthesis early after infection induces alterations in the metabolism of specific RNA sequences.
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Wilson MC, Sawicki SG, Salditt-Georgieff M, Darnell JE. Adenovirus type 2 mRNA in transformed cells: map positions and difference in transport time. J Virol 1978; 25:97-103. [PMID: 621789 PMCID: PMC353905 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.25.1.97-103.1978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenovirus type 2 rat transformed cells produced two polyadenylic acid-terminated mRNA's with approximate coordinates 1.5-4.4 and 4.4-11.0 on the physical map of the adenovirus type 2 genome. These mRNA's were also formed early during lytic infection in addition to one or more smaller mRNA's from the 4.4-11.0 region. In transformed cells, the 1.5-4.4 mRNA appeared in the cell cytoplasm without detectable lag, whereas the 4.4-11.0 mRNA required at least 20 to 30 min for the maximal rate of accumulation.
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12
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Jaehning J, Woods P, Roeder R. Purification, properties, and subunit structure of deoxyribonucleic acid-dependent ribonucleic acid polymerase III from uninfected and adenovirus 2-infected KB cells. J Biol Chem 1977. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)75287-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Dunn AR, Hassell JA. A novel method to map transcripts: evidence for homology between an adenovirus mRNA and discrete multiple regions of the viral genome. Cell 1977; 12:23-36. [PMID: 198139 DOI: 10.1016/0092-8674(77)90182-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A method has been devised which permits mapping of transcripts by a two-step hybridization procedure (sandwich hybridization). RNA extracted from cells infected with an adenovirus-SV40 hybrid (Ad2+ND1) was hybridized to restriction endonuclease fragments of adenovirus type 2 (Ad2) DNA immobilized on nitrocellulose filters. RNAs containing both Ad2 and SV40 sequences formed duplexes through their Ad2 sequences, leaving their SV40 sequences as protruding tails. Annealing with 32P-labeled SV40 DNA caused these tails to become labeled, permitting autoradiographic identification of the sequences of Ad2 DNA which are homologous to the RNA. The high sensitivity of this technique, achieved through the use of 32P-labeled RNA of high specific activity, has led to the observation that hybridization of Ad2+ND1 RNA occurs at several locations on the Ad2 genome, in addition to the expected sites of hybridization proximal to the SV40 insertion.
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McGrogan M, Raskas HJ. Species identification and genome mapping of cytoplasmic adenovirus type 2 RNAs synthesized late in infection. J Virol 1977; 23:240-9. [PMID: 886649 PMCID: PMC515826 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.23.2.240-249.1977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenovirus type 2 cytoplasmic RNAs synthesized late in productive infection were resolved by electrophoresis on formamide gels. Regions of the adenovirus 2 genome specifying RNAs of distinct size were determined by hybridization to specific DNA fragments generated by cleavage with endo R.EcoRI and endo R.SmaI. From these studies 13 distinct viral RNA species were identified. A 26S to 28S size class and a 21S to 23S size class were each found to consist of four distinct RNA species. Three RNA species were identified in a 16S to 18S size class, and a fourth size class, 11S to 13S, was resolved into two components. The SmaI-D region (0.38 to 0.51 on the unit genome) and the EcoRI-F, D region (0.70 to 0.83) of the genome were found to code for multiple transcripts. Three RNAs (28S, 22S, and 18S) are specified by SmaI-D, and four components, 28S, 22S, 18S, and 16S, are encoded by EcoRI-F,D. The RNA represented by each set of multiple transcripts exceeds the coding capacity of the respective region, and the species within each set of RNAs appear to contain common sequences. The relationship between the cytoplasmic RNA species synthesized at late times and early cytoplasmic RNAs was determined by hybridization-inhibition experiments. The multiple transcripts encoded by the EcoRI-D fragment were found to contain sequences that are present in early cytoplasmic RNA. These studies enabled preparation of a map which accounts for transcription of approximately 67% of the r strand of the adenovirus 2 genome.
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Chow LT, Roberts JM, Lewis JB, Broker TR. A map of cytoplasmic RNA transcripts from lytic adenovirus type 2, determined by electron microscopy of RNA:DNA hybrids. Cell 1977; 11:819-36. [PMID: 890740 DOI: 10.1016/0092-8674(77)90294-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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17
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Abstract
mRNA isolated from adenovirus 2-infected HeLa cells at early times during the productive cycle and from two lines of adenovirus 2-transformed rat embryo cells (F17 and T2C4) was fractionated on sucrose gradients after disaggregation. Viral mRNA species were identified by hybridization across such gradients with the separated strands of restriction endonuclease fragments of 32P-labeled DNA known to be complementary to adeovirus 2 "early" and adenovirus 2-transformed cell mRNA. mRNA transcribed from the left-hand 14% of the adenovirus 2 genome was found to comprise two species, 16 to 17S and 20 to 21S: the same sized mRNA's were present both at early times during productive infection and in the two transformed rat cell lines. Direct comparison of the sequences present in these two mRNA species by additional saturation hybridizations suggests that they are not related to one another. Three additional regions of the adenovirus 2 genome, all of which are located in the right-hand 40% of the adenovirus 2 genome, are complementary to early mRNA sequences: each of these appears to specify one major mRNA species of about 22S. Thus, five major species of adenovirus type 2 early mRNA have been identified. Two of these, copied from the left-hand 14% of the viral genome, are also present in adenovirus 2-transformed rat cells.
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Craig EA, Sayavedra M, Raskas HJ. Strand assignment of polyadenylated nuclear RNAs synthesized early in infection with adenovirus 2. Virology 1977; 77:545-55. [PMID: 855184 DOI: 10.1016/0042-6822(77)90480-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Neuwald PD, Meyer J, Maizel JV, Westpahl H. Early gene expression of adenovirus type 2: R-loop mapping of mRNA and time course of viral DNA, mRNA, and protein synthesis. J Virol 1977; 21:1019-30. [PMID: 850303 PMCID: PMC515642 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.21.3.1019-1030.1977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenovirus type 2 DNA was hybridized to early mRNA isolated from the cytoplasm of infected cells prior to the initiation of viral DNA synthesis. Resulting R loops were visualized in the electron microscope, and their positions were oriented with the help of DNA fragments generated by digestion with the restriction endonuclease BamHI. Early RNA was found to map (in order of relative R-loop frequency) with midpoints near positions 0.95, 0.80, 0.03, 0.65, and 0.09 on the conventional adenovirus map. The time of appearance of individual viral mRNA's was compared to the time course of viral protein and DNA synthesis. We present a refined map of adenovirus gene functions which is based on results documented in this and the accompanying study by Meyer et al. (1977), as well as on data published by other laboratories.
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Raskas HJ, Craig EA. A comparison of nuclear and cytoplasmic viral RNAs synthesized early in productive infection with adenovirus 2. PROGRESS IN NUCLEIC ACID RESEARCH AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 1977; 19:293-300. [PMID: 1019348 DOI: 10.1016/s0079-6603(08)60926-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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23
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Wold WS, Green M, Brackmann KH, Cartas MA, Devine C. Genome expression and mRNA maturation at late stages of productive adenovirus type 2 infection. J Virol 1976; 20:465-77. [PMID: 978800 PMCID: PMC355014 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.20.2.465-477.1976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA from adenovirus 2-infected KB cells was annealed in liquid with RNA in vast excess to viral heavy (l) and light (r) 32P-labeled DNA strands. Hybridization kinetics were analyzed by computer to estimate the number of viral RNA abundance classes, their relative concentrations, and the fraction of each DNA strand from which they originated. Early whole cell RNA extracted 5 h postinfection annealed rapidly to 10 to 15% of l and r strands and then slowly to final values of 60 and 40% of l and r strands. By 9 h postinfection the expression of late genes was apparent and whole cell RNA annealed to 20 and 75% of l and r strands. Whole cell RNA extracted between 12 and 36 h postinfection annealed to 7 to 15% and 75 to 90% of l and r strands. Late nuclear RNA hybridized to 10 and 90% of l and r strands, and late polyribosomal RNA hybridized to 20 and 75% of l and r strands. Based upon kinetic analyses, we estimate that mRNA synthesized exclusively during late stages arises from about 6 to 8% and 45 to 49% of l and r strands. This assumes that the early class I mRNA (in low concentration late) originates from 8 to 10% and 6 to 10% of l and r strands and that early class II mRNA (in high concentration late) is derived from 2% and 8 to 13% of l and r strands. Mixing experiments indicated that early mRNA is a subset of RNA extracted from polyribosomes late after infection and that late nuclear RNA contains sequences complementary to early l strand class I nRNA. RNA-RNA hybrids were isolated from late mRNA containing sequences from 60% of l and r strands, but it is not known when these were synthesized, and therefore whether complementary RNA transcripts are synthesized late after infection, as they are known to be synthesized early. These results demonstrate that portions of the genome are transcribed into RNA sequences that remain confined to the nucleus and are not exported to polyribosomes as mRNA.
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Abstract
The methylated constituents of early adenovirus 2 mRNA were studied. RNA was isolated from polyribosomes of cells double labeled with [methyl-3H]methionine and 32PO4 from 2 to 7 g postinfection in the presence of cycloheximide. Cycloheximide ensures that methylation and processing are performed by preexisting host cell enzymes. RNA was fractionated into polyadenylic [poly(A)]+ and poly(A)- molecules using poly(U)-Sepharose, and undergraded virus-specific RNA was isolated by hybridization to viral DNA in 50% formamide at 37 degrees C. Viral mRNA was digested with RNase T2 and chromatographed on DEAE-Sephadex in 7 M urea. Two 3H-labeled RNase T2-resistant oligonucleotide fractions with charges between -5 and -6 were obtained, consistent with two classes of 5' terminal methyl "cap" structures, m7G(5')ppp(5')NmpNp (cap 1) and m7G(5')ppp(5')NmNmpNp (cap 2) (Nm is a ribose 2'-O-methylation). The putative cap 1 contains all the methylated constituents of cap 1 plus Cm. The molar ratios of m7G to 2'-O-methylnucleosides is about 1.0 for cap 1 and 0.5 for cap 2, consistent with the proposed cap structures. Most significant, compositional analysis indicates four different cap 1 structures and at least three different cap 2 structures. Thus there is a minimum of seven early viral mRNA species with different cap structures, unless each type of mRNA can have more than one 5' terminus. In addition to methylated caps, early mRNA contains internal base methylations, exclusively as m6A, as shown by analyses of the mononucleotide (-2 charge) fraction. m6A was present in the ratio of 1 mol of m6Ap per 450 nucleotides. Thus viral mRNA molecules contain two to three internal m6A residues per methyl cap, since there is on the average 1 cap per 1,250 nucleotides.
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Büttner W, Veres-Molnár Z, Green M. Preparative isolation and mapping of adenovirus 2 early messenger RNA species. J Mol Biol 1976; 107:93-114. [PMID: 1003468 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-2836(76)80020-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Chinnadurai G, Rho HM, Horton RB, Green M. mRNA from the transforming segment of the adenovirus 2 genome in productively infected and transformed cells. J Virol 1976; 20:255-63. [PMID: 978792 PMCID: PMC354986 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.20.1.255-263.1976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We have identified two mRNA species transcribed from the adenovirus 2 genome section (HindIII-G fragment) believed to harbor genes for initiation and maintenance of cell transformation. The HindIII-G fragment occupies the left 7.5% of the genome and is transcribed from left to right [poly(U:G) r strand]. Poly(A)-terminated labeled mRNA was isolated from polyribosomes of adenovirus 2 early infected KB cells and from the transformed cell line 8617, hybridization purified using the HindIII-G fragment, and electrophoresed on formamide-polyacrylamide gels. Viral mRNA's of 24S (1.2 X 10(6) daltons) and 14S (4.5 X 10(5) daltons) were isolated from early infected cells and of 22S (1.0 X 10(6) daltons) and 14S from 8617 cells. Hybridization competition indicated that HindIII-G-specific mRNA was present in the polysomes at one-sixth the concentration late after infection as compared with early, indicating that the proteins coded by the transforming segment may be synthesized at reduced amounts during late stages. Only 1/10 the amount of RNA labeled late annealed to the G fragment as compared with that labeled early (per weight of RNA). Thus, synthesis of transforming gene mRNA is probably "turned off" late after infection. Both 24S (22S) and 14S mRNA's from infected and 8617 cells were complementary to the Hpa I-E fragment (left 4.1% of genome). The Hpa I-E fragment is too small to encode 24S and 14S species, which implies that the 5'-terminal regions of both species are coded by the same DNA sequences.
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Harter ML, Shanmugam G, Wold WS, Green M. Detection of adenovirus type 2-induced early polypeptides using cycloheximide pretreatment to enhance viral protein synthesis. J Virol 1976; 19:232-42. [PMID: 950686 PMCID: PMC354851 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.19.1.232-242.1976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
(35S) methionine-labeled polypeptides synthesized by adenovirus type 2-infected cells have been analyzed by polyacrylamide gradient gel electrophoresis and autoradiography. Cycloheximide (CH) was added to infected cultures to accumulate early viral mRNA relative to host cell mRNA. This allowed viral proteins to be synthesized in increased amounts relative to host proteins after removal of CH and pulse-labeling with (35S)methionine. During the labeling period arabinosyl cytosine was added to prevent the synthesis of late viral proteins. This procedure facilitated the detection of six early viral-induced polypeptides, designated EP1 through EP6 (early protein), with apparent molecular weights of 75,000 (75K), 42K, 21K, 18K, 15K, and 11K. Supportive data were obtained by coelectrophoresis of (35S)- and (3H)methionine-labeled polypeptides from infected and uninfected cells, respectively. Three of these early polypeptides have not been previously reported. CH pretreatment enhanced the rates of synthesis of EP4 and EP6 20- to 30-fold and enhanced that of the others approximately twofold. The maximal rates of synthesis of the virus-induced proteins varied, in a different manner, with time postinfection and CH pretreatment. Since CH pretreatment appears to increase the levels of early viral proteins, it may be a useful procedure to assist their isolation and functional characterization.
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Chin WW, Maizel JV. The polypeptides of adenovirus. VII. Further studies of early polypeptides in vivo and localization of E2 and E2A to the cell plasma membrane. Virology 1976; 71:518-30. [PMID: 936473 DOI: 10.1016/0042-6822(76)90378-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Pettersson U, Tibbetts C, Philipson L. Hybridization maps of early and late messenger RNA sequences on the adenovirus type 2 genome. J Mol Biol 1976; 101:479-501. [PMID: 1263260 DOI: 10.1016/0022-2836(76)90241-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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30
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Zimmer SG, Raskas HJ. Synthesis of complementary viral transcripts early in productive infection with adenovirus 2. Virology 1976; 70:118-26. [PMID: 1258373 DOI: 10.1016/0042-6822(76)90241-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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