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Hoang HD, Neault S, Pelin A, Alain T. Emerging translation strategies during virus-host interaction. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-RNA 2020; 12:e1619. [PMID: 32757266 PMCID: PMC7435527 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Translation control is crucial during virus-host interaction. On one hand, viruses completely rely on the protein synthesis machinery of host cells to propagate and have evolved various mechanisms to redirect the host's ribosomes toward their viral mRNAs. On the other hand, the host rewires its translation program in an attempt to contain and suppress the virus early on during infection; the antiviral program includes specific control on protein synthesis to translate several antiviral mRNAs involved in quenching the infection. As the infection progresses, host translation is in turn inhibited in order to limit viral propagation. We have learnt of very diverse strategies that both parties utilize to gain or retain control over the protein synthesis machinery. Yet novel strategies continue to be discovered, attesting for the importance of mRNA translation in virus-host interaction. This review focuses on recently described translation strategies employed by both hosts and viruses. These discoveries provide additional pieces in the understanding of the complex virus-host translation landscape. This article is categorized under: Translation > Translation Mechanisms Translation > Translation Regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huy-Dung Hoang
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Apoptosis Research Centre, Ottawa, Ontario, K1H8L1, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Serge Neault
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Centre for Innovative Cancer Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Adrian Pelin
- Centre for Innovative Cancer Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tommy Alain
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Apoptosis Research Centre, Ottawa, Ontario, K1H8L1, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Avian Influenza Virus PB1 Gene in H3N2 Viruses Evolved in Humans To Reduce Interferon Inhibition by Skewing Codon Usage toward Interferon-Altered tRNA Pools. mBio 2018; 9:mBio.01222-18. [PMID: 29970470 PMCID: PMC6030557 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01222-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza A viruses cause an annual contagious respiratory disease in humans and are responsible for periodic high-mortality human pandemics. Pandemic influenza A viruses usually result from the reassortment of gene segments between human and avian influenza viruses. These avian influenza virus gene segments need to adapt to humans. Here we focus on the human adaptation of the synonymous codons of the avian influenza virus PB1 gene of the 1968 H3N2 pandemic virus. We generated recombinant H3N2 viruses differing only in codon usage of PB1 mRNA and demonstrated that codon usage of the PB1 mRNA of recent H3N2 virus isolates enhances replication in interferon (IFN)-treated human cells without affecting replication in untreated cells, thereby partially alleviating the interferon-induced antiviral state. High-throughput sequencing of tRNA pools explains the reduced inhibition of replication by interferon: the levels of some tRNAs differ between interferon-treated and untreated human cells, and evolution of the codon usage of H3N2 PB1 mRNA is skewed toward interferon-altered human tRNA pools. Consequently, the avian influenza virus-derived PB1 mRNAs of modern H3N2 viruses have acquired codon usages that better reflect tRNA availabilities in IFN-treated cells. Our results indicate that the change in tRNA availabilities resulting from interferon treatment is a previously unknown aspect of the antiviral action of interferon, which has been partially overcome by human-adapted H3N2 viruses. Pandemic influenza A viruses that cause high human mortality usually result from reassortment of gene segments between human and avian influenza viruses. These avian influenza virus gene segments need to adapt to humans. Here we focus on the human adaptation of the avian influenza virus PB1 gene that was incorporated into the 1968 H3N2 pandemic virus. We demonstrate that the coding sequence of the PB1 mRNA of modern H3N2 viruses enhances replication in human cells in which interferon has activated a potent antiviral state. Reduced interferon inhibition results from evolution of PB1 mRNA codons skewed toward the pools of tRNAs in interferon-treated human cells, which, as shown here, differ significantly from the tRNA pools in untreated human cells. Consequently, avian influenza virus-derived PB1 mRNAs of modern H3N2 viruses have acquired codon usages that better reflect tRNA availabilities in IFN-treated cells and are translated more efficiently.
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Justesen J, Worm-Leonhard H, Ferbus D, Petersen HU. The interferon-induced enzyme 2-5A synthetase adenylates tRNA. Biochimie 1985; 67:651-5. [PMID: 2413907 DOI: 10.1016/s0300-9084(85)80207-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The interferon-induced enzyme 2-5A synthetase is shown to adenylate tRNA. Yeast tRNAPhe was incubated with the enzyme in the presence of double stranded RNA (in this case polyI-polyC) and ATP or deoxyATP. The reaction products were analyzed by ribonuclease T1 digestion of the tRNA, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and autoradiography. Using ATP, the 2-5A synthetase adds one, two or three AMP residues to the 3'-end of the tRNA whereas when dATP is replacing ATP, only one nucleotide unit is added. It is concluded that one of the mechanisms of the interferon-induced antiviral effect may be an inhibition of the translation process caused by an inactivation of tRNA molecules by a 2-5A synthetase catalyzed 2'-adenylation of the 3'-end.
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Whelly SM, Barker KL. Inhibition of the aminoacylation of selected tRNA molecules by an estrogen-regulated factor on uterine ribosomes. Regulation of aminoacylation of tRNA by estrogens. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1985; 146:245-53. [PMID: 3967659 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1985.tb08646.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Administration of estradiol to ovariectomized mature rats for 1 h induces a transient increase in the peptide elongation rate on uterine ribosomes. An inhibitor of the peptide elongation rate, which appears to be regulated by estrogen treatment in vivo, can be extracted from ribosomes of estrogen-deprived rats. The extracted inhibitor or a native inhibitor-ribosome complex affects the rate of the peptide elongation reaction in a uterine cell-free protein synthesis system by inhibiting the ability of selected tRNAs in the assay to be charged with amino acids by their respective aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases. The degree of inhibition of charging of the affected tRNAs ranges from 22% to 78%, the order of inhibition being Pro greater than Val greater than Arg greater than Try greater than Leu greater than Glu greater than Ile greater than Gly greater than His greater than Ser greater than Lys. Inhibition results from a specific dose-dependent, and presumably reversible, effect of the inhibitor on tRNA, but not on the aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase. The effect does not result from removal of A-C-C terminal nucleotides from the 3' end of tRNA, but does inhibit the ability of selected tRNAs to bind to the aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases. We propose that regulation of the peptide elongation rate on uterine ribosomes by estradiol occurs through the estradiol-induced inactivation of a ribosome-associated inhibitor, which causes a reversible alteration to selected tRNAs. The modified tRNAs are unable to bind to their respective aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase to become charged with an amino acid thus causing the availability of selected aminoacyl-tRNAs to become rate-limiting in the sequential elongation of peptides.
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Abstract
Infectious leukemia virus production by two chronically infected NIH/MOL lines was strongly inhibited by interferon treatment of the cells. The corresponding degree of inhibition in JLSV-11 cells was much lower. Multiplication of encephalomyocarditis virus in all three cell lines was barely affected by interferon treatment. Replication of vesicular stomatitis virus, on the other hand, was highly sensitive to interferon in the JLSV-11 line and in one NIH/MOL line but was practically insensitive in the other NIH/MOL line. Anticellular actions of interferon were more pronounced in the JLSV-11 line than in the others. In response to interferon treatment, 2',5'-oligoadenylate synthetase activity was induced to a high level in JLSV-11 cells and to lower levels in the NIH/MOL lines. We failed to detect any 2',5'-oligoadenylate-dependent endonuclease activity in extracts of these cells. Double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase activity was present in extracts of interferon-treated NIH/MOL cells, but it was barely detectable in extracts of interferon-treated JLSV-11 cells. The above studies demonstrated that interferon could differentially affect the replication of three different viruses in three different cell lines, including two seemingly identical NIH/MOL lines, and that certain tentative conclusions can be drawn regarding the roles of different interferon-inducible enzyme markers in the different antiviral actions of interferons.
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Kafiani CA, Itkes AV, Kartasheva ON, Kochetkova MN, Turpaev KT, Severin ES. A study on the relationship between the interferon enzyme system and the system of cyclic nucleotide metabolism. ADVANCES IN ENZYME REGULATION 1983; 21:353-65. [PMID: 6085824 DOI: 10.1016/0065-2571(83)90023-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
In order to study interrelationships between the components of the interferon enzyme system and the cyclic AMP system, NIH 3T3 cells were incubated in the presence of theophylline or adrenaline that cause a rise of intracellular cAMP, respectively, through inhibition of phosphodiesterase of cAMP and activation of adenylate cyclase. In doses that caused a transient, 2-to 3-fold elevation of the cAMP level, theophylline and adrenaline elicited about 2.5-fold elevation of 2',5'-oligoadenylate synthetase (2-5A synthetase) activity. This increase could be prevented by actinomycin D. This suggests that the elevation of the enzyme activity in the cells was due to a transcription-dependent induction process. Theophylline and adrenaline treatment of the cell cultures also led to a 2-to 3-fold fall of the activity of the phosphodiesterase of 2',5'-oligoadenylate (2'-phosphodiesterase). This effect of adrenaline was prevented by propanolol but not by actinomycin D. In the case of adrenaline, the fall of 2'-phosphodiesterase activity was accompanied by at least 5-fold increase in the enzyme activity which did not occur if actinomycin D was present in the culture. Similarities and differences between these effects and those induced by interferon are discussed. It is concluded that cAMP is an important regulator of the enzyme system of the 2',5'-oligoadenylate metabolism. 2',5'-Oligoadenylate, in turn, was found to act on the activity of phosphodiesterase of cyclic AMP. The cAMP phosphodiesterase activity in the NIH 3T3 cell lysates was activated 2- to 2.5-fold at physiological concentrations (10(-9) to 10(-7) M) of both the phosphorylated form of oligoisoadenylate, ppp(5'A2'p)n5'A2'OH, and the dephosphorylated form, HO(5'A2'p)25'A2'OH. The phosphorylated form of oligoisoadenylate also activated partially purified preparations of cAMP phosphodiesterase. The data obtained in this study allow us to consider cAMP and 2',5'-oligoadenylate as the key metabolites that may be used in the cells to form a complex, interconnected, multifunctional circuit that involves the interferon enzyme system and the system of cyclic AMP metabolism and governs essential cell functions, as regulation of RNA metabolism and protein synthesis, cell growth and differentiation.
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Sen GC. Mechanism of interferon action: progress toward its understanding. PROGRESS IN NUCLEIC ACID RESEARCH AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 1982; 27:105-56. [PMID: 6179128 DOI: 10.1016/s0079-6603(08)60599-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Ramabhadran TV, Thach RE. Translational elongation rate changes in encephalomyocarditis virus-infected and interferon-treated cells. J Virol 1981; 39:573-83. [PMID: 6168777 PMCID: PMC171367 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.39.2.573-583.1981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Infection of mouse L cells with encephalomyocarditis virus results in a rapid inhibition of host protein synthesis before the synthesis of viral proteins. Although no alterations in initiation factor activities have been demonstrated in encephalomyocarditis virus-infected mouse cells, a defect in polypeptide chain elongation has been shown to occur in infected cell extracts. We investigated the significance of this elongation defect in the host shutoff phenomenon in vivo. Average polypeptide chain elongation rates were measured at various times after infection. Interferon was used as a reagent to separate temporarily the virus-induced alterations. Encephalomyocarditis virus infection of L cells was shown to lead to a progressive reduction in the elongation rate. Whereas interferon pretreatment delayed the decrease in elongation rate in a dose-dependent manner, it failed to alter the kinetics of host shutoff, suggesting that slowing of elongation steps played no significant role in this phenomenon. In addition, interferon pretreatment of either mock-infected or virus-infected cells led to no elongation defect that could be attributed to interferon action.
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Miyamoto NG, Samuel CE. Mechanism of interferon action. Interferon-mediated inhibition of reovirus mRNA translation in the absence of detectable mRNA degradation but in the presence of protein phosphorylation. Virology 1980; 107:461-475. [PMID: 6161476 DOI: 10.1016/0042-6822(80)90313-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Lengyel P, Samanta H, Pichon J, Dougherty J, Slattery E, Farrell P. Double-stranded RNA and the enzymology of interferon action. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1980; 350:441-7. [PMID: 6165295 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1980.tb20647.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Extracts from interferon-treated, not virus-infected Ehrlich ascites tumor cells differ in various biochemical characteristics from extracts of control cells. We studied three enzymes whose level is enhanced in cells upon treatment with IF and which are causing some of the differences. (2'-5')(A)n synthetase, an enzyme converting ATP into a series of (2'-5') linked oligoadenylates ((2'-5')(An)) in the presence of dsRNA was purified to homogeneity and characterized. The second enzyme, RNase L, a latent endonuclease, which can be activated by (2'-5')(A)n to cleave single-stranded RNAs, was purified several hundredfold. The activation of this enzyme is reversible and is lost upon removal of (2'-5')(A)n. The activation is not accompanied by a large change in shape of conformation of the enzyme. The third enzyme is a protein kinase which if activated by dsRNA can phosphorylate the peptide chain initiation factor eIF-2 and a protein designated P1 of 67,000 daltons. This enzyme was purified several thousandfold. The most highly purified preparation consists of three proteins with P1 as the most abundant component.
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Eppstein DA, Peterson TC, Samuel CE. Mechanism of interferon action: synthesis and activity of the interferon-mediated low-molecular-weight oligonucleotide from murine and human cells. Virology 1979; 98:9-19. [PMID: 483575 DOI: 10.1016/0042-6822(79)90520-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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17
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Schmidt A, Chernajovsky Y, Shulman L, Federman P, Berissi H, Revel M. An interferon-induced phosphodiesterase degrading (2'-5') oligoisoadenylate and the C-C-A terminus of tRNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1979; 76:4788-92. [PMID: 228264 PMCID: PMC413022 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.76.10.4788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A phosphodiesterase characterized by a generally higher activity on 2'-5' than on 3'-5' phosphodiester bonds was isolated from mouse L cells treated with interferon. A similar enzyme was purified from mouse reticulocytes. The phosphodiesterase 2'-PDi splits the 2'-phosphate bond of pppA2'p5'A2'p5'A, the oligonucleotide activator of ribonuclease F. The level of phosphodiesterase 2'-PDi is increased by interferon treatment of L cells. The phosphodiesterase was also shown to degrade the C-C-A terminus of tRNA and to reduce the amino acid acceptance of tRNA in cell-free extracts, thereby causing a tRNA-reversible inhibition of mRNA translation.
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Koblet H, Wyler R, Kohler U. Altered or increased transfer-RNA methylation in the course of Interferon action on cells in culture? EXPERIENTIA 1979; 35:576-8. [PMID: 446645 DOI: 10.1007/bf01960327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The induction of the antiviral state by Interferon might reflect the decrease of the rate of biosynthesis, the degradation or the alteration of one or several tRNAs. This could result in rate-limiting concentrations for codons common in viral RNA but rare in host mRNA. Altered methylation of tRNA could be the basis of such a phenomenon. However, we could not find an altered extent of methylation of total tRNA or an altered pattern of methylation, if mixed tRNAs were chromatographed on MAK- or BD-cellulose columns, despite a large range of conditions of pretreatment of chick embryo fibroblast cultures with interferon.
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Aujean O, Sanceau J, Falcoff E, Falcoff R. Location of enhanced ribonuclease activity and of a phosphoprotein kinase in interferon-treated mengovirus-infected cells. Virology 1979; 92:583-6. [PMID: 218359 DOI: 10.1016/0042-6822(79)90162-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Gupta SL. Specific protein phosphorylation in interferon-treated uninfected and virus-infected mouse L929 cells: enhancement by double-stranded RNA. J Virol 1979; 29:301-11. [PMID: 219224 PMCID: PMC353119 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.29.1.301-311.1979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The enhanced phosphorylation of specific protein(s) observed in extracts from interferon-treated cells (in the presence of ATP and double-stranded [ds] RNA) was also seen in intact mouse L929 cells upon treatment with dsRNA, polyriboinosinic.polyribocytidylic acid [poly(rI.rC)] or reovirus dsRNA, using 32Pi as radiolabel. Labeling of a 65,000-dalton protein(s) with 32P was greatly increased in interferon-treated cells in the presence of added dsRNA, suggesting that the expression in vivo of the kinase activity involved is regulated by dsRNA. This was used as a test system to investigate whether the activity of interferon-induced enzyme(s) is stimulated following virus infection, possibly owing to the accumulation of dsRNA. No obvious increase in 32P-labeling of 65,000-dalton protein(s) was observed upon infection of interferon-treated cells with mengovirus or vesicular stomatitis virus. A basal level of 32P-labeling of the 65,000-dalton protein(s) was detected in interferon-treated cells in the absence of added dsRNA, indicating a basal level of expression of the kinase activity involved. The possible implications of these results are discussed.
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Farrell PJ, Sen GC, Dubois MF, Ratner L, Slattery E, Lengyel P. Interferon action: two distinct pathways for inhibition of protein synthesis by double-stranded RNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1978; 75:5893-7. [PMID: 282611 PMCID: PMC393082 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.75.12.5893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Double-stranded RNA inhibits protein synthesis in at least two ways. It activates a protein kinase that blocks peptide chain initiation by phosphorylating the peptide chain initiation factor eIF-2 and also activates an endonuclease that inactivates different mRNAs at different rates. The protein kinase and the endonuclease have been partially purified from interferon-treated Ehrlich ascites tumor cells. The 2',5'-oligoadenylates [pppA(2'p5'A)n], found found earlier to be mediators in the activation of the endonuclease by double-stranded RNA, are not mediators in the activation of the protein kinase by double-stranded RNA.
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Schmidt A, Zilberstein A, Shulman L, Federman P, Berissi H, Revel M. Interferon action: isolation of nuclease F, a translation inhibitor activated by interferon-induced (2'-5') oligo-isoadenylate. FEBS Lett 1978; 95:257-64. [PMID: 720619 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(78)81006-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Zilberstein A, Kimchi A, Schmidt A, Revel M. Isolation of two interferon-induced translational inhibitors: a protein kinase and an oligo-isoadenylate synthetase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1978; 75:4734-8. [PMID: 283387 PMCID: PMC336194 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.75.10.4734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Large-scale purification of translational inhibitors present in interferon-treated mouse L cells, but not in untreated cells, led to the isolation of two interferon-induced activities. One is a protein kinase system that is activatable by double-stranded RNA and ATP and that phosphorylates a Mr 67,000 protein and the smallest subunit of eukaryotic initiation factor-2. The purified protein kinase is a strong translational inhibitor. The second activity is an enzyme that, with double-stranded RNA, slowly polymerizes ATP into oligoadenylate with a 2'-5' phosphodiester linkage. The oligo-isoadenylate in turn activates a potent inhibitor of mRNA translation.
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Interferon, double-stranded RNA, and protein phosphorylation. Characteristics of a double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase system partially purified from interferon treated Ehrlich ascites tumor cells. J Biol Chem 1978. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)34555-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Yau PM, Godefroy-Colburn T, Birge CH, Ramabhadran TV, Thach RE. Specificity of interferon action in protein synthesis. J Virol 1978; 27:648-58. [PMID: 212587 PMCID: PMC525853 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.27.3.648-658.1978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibitors of elongation steps in protein synthesis such as cycloheximide and anisomycin mimic interferon treatment in that they specifically inhibit the synthesis of certain viral proteins. These specific effects are seen only at very low concentrations of the antibiotics, under conditions where host cellular protein synthesis, as well as cell viability, are not severely reduced. A qualitatively as well as quantitatively close correlation between the effects of the two types of agents has been established for encephalomyocarditis virus, vesicular stomatitis virus and murine leukemia virus protein synthesis. It is concluded that one of the primary mechanisms of interferon action may be a nonspecific retardation of one or more elongation steps, and that this may be sufficient to account for its effects on the replication of certain viruses such as encephalomyocarditis and vesicular stomatitis viruses.
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Eppstein DA, Samuel CE. Mechanism of interferon action. Properties of an interferon-mediated ribonucleolytic activity from mouse L929 cells. Virology 1978; 89:240-51. [PMID: 28606 DOI: 10.1016/0042-6822(78)90056-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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27
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Mayr U, Parajsz C, Jungwirth C, Bodo G. Interferon-induced translation defects in a cell-free protein-synthesizing system from mouse erythroleukemia cells. Virology 1978; 88:54-61. [PMID: 676080 DOI: 10.1016/0042-6822(78)90109-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Lewis JA, Falcoff E, Falcoff R. Dual action of double-stranded RNA inhibiting protein synthesis in extracts of interferon-treated mouse L cells. Translation is impaired at the level of initiation and by mRNA degradation. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1978; 86:497-509. [PMID: 207529 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1978.tb12333.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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29
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Falcoff R, Falcoff E, Sanceau J, Lewis JA. Influence of preincubation on the development of the inhibition of protein synthesis in extracts from interferon-treated mouse L cells. Action on tRNA. Virology 1978; 86:507-15. [PMID: 208258 DOI: 10.1016/0042-6822(78)90089-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Ball LA, White CN. Effect of interferon pretreatment on coupled transcription and translation in cell-free extracts of primary chick embryo cells. Virology 1978; 84:496-508. [PMID: 203098 DOI: 10.1016/0042-6822(78)90265-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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31
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INTERFERON-INDUCED TRANSLATIONAL REGULATION. Gene Expr 1978. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-08-022624-8.50011-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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Samuel CE, Farris DA, Eppstein DA. Mechanism of interferon action Kinetics of interferon action in mouse L929 cells: Translation inhibition, protein phosphorylation, and messenger RNA methylation and degradation. Virology 1977; 83:56-71. [DOI: 10.1016/0042-6822(77)90210-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/21/1977] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Ratner L, Sen GC, Brown GE, Lebleu B, Kawakita M, Cabrer B, Slattery E, Lengyel P. Interferon, double-stranded RNA and RNA degradation. Characteristics of an endonuclease activity. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1977; 79:565-77. [PMID: 923567 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1977.tb11841.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Weissenbach J, Dirheimer G, Falcoff R, Sanceau J, Falcoff E. Yeast tRNALeu (anticodon U--A--G) translates all six leucine codons in extracts from interferon treated cells. FEBS Lett 1977; 82:71-6. [PMID: 334566 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(77)80888-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Mayr U, Bermayer HP, Weidinger G, Jungwirth C. Release of interferon-induced translation inhibition by tRNA in cell-free extracts from mouse erythroleukemia cells. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1977; 76:541-51. [PMID: 268283 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1977.tb11624.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Samuel CE, Farris DA. Mechanism of interferon action. Species specificity of interferon and of the interferon-mediated inhibitor of translation from mouse, monkey, and human cells. Virology 1977; 77:556-65. [PMID: 404755 DOI: 10.1016/0042-6822(77)90481-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Sen GC, Lebleu B, Brown GE, Kawakita M, Slattery E, Lengyel P. Interferon, double-stranded RNA and mRNA degradation. Nature 1976; 264:370-3. [PMID: 1004563 DOI: 10.1038/264370a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Samuel CE. Mechanism of interferon action. Studies on the mechanism of interferon-mediated inhibition of reovirus messenger RNA translation in cell-free protein synthesis systems from mouse ascites tumor cells. Virology 1976; 75:166-76. [PMID: 982845 DOI: 10.1016/0042-6822(76)90015-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Sela I, Grossberg SE, Sedmak JJ, Mehler AH. Discharge of aminoacyl-viral RNA by a factor from interferon-treated cells. Science 1976; 194:527-9. [PMID: 973135 DOI: 10.1126/science.973135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Colby C, Penhoet EE, Samuel CE. A comparison of transfer RNA from untreated and interferon-treated murine cells. Virology 1976; 74:262-4. [PMID: 982822 DOI: 10.1016/0042-6822(76)90153-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Lebleu B, Sen GC, Shaila S, Cabrer B, Lengyel P. Interferon, double-stranded RNA, and protein phosphorylation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1976; 73:3107-11. [PMID: 1067606 PMCID: PMC430945 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.73.9.3107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 257] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We reported earlier that the addition of double-stranded RNA and ATP increases the endonuclease activity more in an extract of Ehrlich ascites tumor cells which have been treated with an interferon preparation than in a comparable extract from control cells. We report here that the addition of double-stranded RNA to an extract from Ehrlich ascites tumor cells which have been treated with an interferon preparation [or with the interferon inducer poly(I)-poly(C)] promotes the phosphorylation by [gamma-32P]ATP of at least two proteins: P1 (molecular weight of 64,000) and P2 (molecular weight of 37,000). Double-stranded RNA also promotes the phosphorylation of at least one (i.e., P1) of these two proteins in an extract from cells which have not been treated with interferon, but the extent of phosphorylation is much smaller. Double-stranded RNA which has been degraded by RNase III, or DNA, does not promote the phosphorylation.
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Brown GE, Lebleu B, Kawakita M, Shaila S, Sen GC, Lengyel P. Increased endonuclease activity in an extract from mouse Ehrlich ascites tumor cells which had been treated with a partially purified interferon preparation: dependence of double-stranded RNA;. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1976; 69:114-22. [PMID: 1259747 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-291x(76)80280-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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