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Hadar D, Strugach DS, Amiram M. Conjugates of Recombinant Protein‐Based Polymers: Combining Precision with Chemical Diversity. ADVANCED NANOBIOMED RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/anbr.202100142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Dagan Hadar
- Avram and Stella Goldstein-Goren Department of Biotechnology Engineering Ben-Gurion University of the Negev P.O. Box 653 Beer-Sheva 8410501 Israel
| | - Daniela S. Strugach
- Avram and Stella Goldstein-Goren Department of Biotechnology Engineering Ben-Gurion University of the Negev P.O. Box 653 Beer-Sheva 8410501 Israel
| | - Miriam Amiram
- Avram and Stella Goldstein-Goren Department of Biotechnology Engineering Ben-Gurion University of the Negev P.O. Box 653 Beer-Sheva 8410501 Israel
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Mie M, Matsumoto R, Mashimo Y, Cass AEG, Kobatake E. Development of drug-loaded protein nanoparticles displaying enzymatically-conjugated DNA aptamers for cancer cell targeting. Mol Biol Rep 2018; 46:261-269. [PMID: 30421127 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-018-4467-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Modification of protein-based drug carriers with tumor-targeting properties is an important area of research in the field of anticancer drug delivery. To this end, we developed nanoparticles comprised of elastin-like polypeptides (ELPs) with fused poly-aspartic acid chains (ELP-D) displaying DNA aptamers. DNA aptamers were enzymatically conjugated to the surface of the nanoparticles via genetic incorporation of Gene A* protein into the sequence of the ELP-D fusion protein. Gene A* protein, derived from bacteriophage ϕX174, can form covalent complexes with single-stranded DNA via the latter's recognition sequence. Gene A* protein-displaying nanoparticles exhibited the ability to deliver the anticancer drug paclitaxel (PTX), whilst retaining activity of the conjugated Gene A* protein. PTX-loaded protein nanoparticles displaying DNA aptamers known to bind to the MUC1 tumor marker resulted in increased cytotoxicity with MCF-7 breast cancer cells compared to PTX-loaded protein nanoparticles without the DNA aptamer modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayasu Mie
- Department of Life Science and Technology, School of Life Science and Technology and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259, Midori-ku, Nagatsuta, Yokohama, 226-8502, Japan
| | - Rie Matsumoto
- Department of Life Science and Technology, School of Life Science and Technology and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259, Midori-ku, Nagatsuta, Yokohama, 226-8502, Japan
| | - Yasumasa Mashimo
- Department of Life Science and Technology, School of Life Science and Technology and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259, Midori-ku, Nagatsuta, Yokohama, 226-8502, Japan
| | - Anthony E G Cass
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Eiry Kobatake
- Department of Life Science and Technology, School of Life Science and Technology and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259, Midori-ku, Nagatsuta, Yokohama, 226-8502, Japan.
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The coat protein of the yeast double-stranded RNA virus L-A attaches covalently to the cap structure of eukaryotic mRNA. Mol Cell Biol 1992. [PMID: 1630453 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.12.8.3390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The eukaryotic mRNA 5' cap structure m7GpppX (where X is any nucleotide) interacts with a number of cellular proteins. Several of these proteins were studied in mammalian, yeast, and drosophila cells and found to be involved in translation initiation. Here we describe a novel cap-binding protein, the coat protein of L-A, a double-stranded RNA virus that is persistently maintained in many Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains. The results also suggest that the coat protein of a related double-stranded RNA virus (L-BC) is likewise a cap-binding protein. Strikingly, in contrast to the cellular cap-binding proteins, the interaction between the L-A virus coat protein and the cap structure is through a covalent bond.
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Blanc A, Goyer C, Sonenberg N. The coat protein of the yeast double-stranded RNA virus L-A attaches covalently to the cap structure of eukaryotic mRNA. Mol Cell Biol 1992; 12:3390-8. [PMID: 1630453 PMCID: PMC364587 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.12.8.3390-3398.1992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The eukaryotic mRNA 5' cap structure m7GpppX (where X is any nucleotide) interacts with a number of cellular proteins. Several of these proteins were studied in mammalian, yeast, and drosophila cells and found to be involved in translation initiation. Here we describe a novel cap-binding protein, the coat protein of L-A, a double-stranded RNA virus that is persistently maintained in many Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains. The results also suggest that the coat protein of a related double-stranded RNA virus (L-BC) is likewise a cap-binding protein. Strikingly, in contrast to the cellular cap-binding proteins, the interaction between the L-A virus coat protein and the cap structure is through a covalent bond.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Blanc
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Snyder RO, Im DS, Muzyczka N. Evidence for covalent attachment of the adeno-associated virus (AAV) rep protein to the ends of the AAV genome. J Virol 1990; 64:6204-13. [PMID: 2173787 PMCID: PMC248795 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.64.12.6204-6213.1990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We have demonstrated that when the covalently joined ends of linear adeno-associated virus (AAV) DNA are resolved in vitro, the virus-encoded Rep protein becomes covalently attached to the 5' ends of the DNA. The covalent bond is between a tyrosine residue of the AAV Rep protein and a 5' phosphate of a thymidine residue in the AAV genome. Only the Rep protein encoded by the AAV p5 promoter, Rep68, was capable of becoming covalently attached to the ends of the AAV genome; the Rep proteins encoded by the p19 promoter were not. We also investigated some of the requirements for the complete in vitro resolution reaction. Inhibitor studies suggested that terminal resolution required DNA polymerase delta, ATP, and the deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates but did not require the remaining ribonucleoside triphosphates, DNA polymerase alpha, RNA polymerase II, or topoisomerases I and II. Finally, purified AAV Rep68, when added to the crude cytosol from uninfected HeLa cells, was sufficient for resolution. This suggested that terminal resolution relies on host enzymes and the virus-encoded p5 Rep proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- R O Snyder
- Department of Microbiology, State University of New York, Stony Brook Medical School 11794-8621
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Abstract
The poliovirus terminal protein, VPg, was covalently linked to poliovirus RNA in a reaction that required synthetic VPg, Mg2+, and a replication intermediate synthesized in vitro. The VPg linkage reaction did not require the viral polymerase, host factor, or ribonucleoside triphosphates and was specific for template-linked minus-strand RNA synthesized on poliovirion RNA. The covalent nature of the bond between VPg and the RNA was demonstrated by the isolation of VPg-pUp from VPg-linked RNA. A model is proposed in which the tyrosine residue in VPg forms a phosphodiester bond with the 5'UMP in minus-strand RNA in a self-catalyzed transesterification reaction. It appears that either the RNA, VPg, or a combination of both forms the catalytic center for this reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- G J Tobin
- Department of Immunology and Medical Microbiology College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville 32610
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Goetz GS, Schmidt-Glenewinkel T, Hu MH, Belgado N, Hurwitz J. Studies on the role of the phi X174 gene A protein in phi X viral strand synthesis. II. Effects of DNA replication of mutations in the 30-nucleotide icosahedral bacteriophage origin. J Biol Chem 1988. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)37611-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Goetz GS, Hurwitz J. Studies on the role of the phi X174 gene A protein in phi X viral strand synthesis. I. Replication of DNA containing an alteration in position 1 of the 30-nucleotide icosahedral bacteriophage origin. J Biol Chem 1988. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)37610-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Drygin YF, Zuklys KL, Terskich AV, Bogdanov AA. A protein covalently bound to ColE1 DNA. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1988; 175:57-63. [PMID: 3042396 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1988.tb14166.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
ColE1 DNA was isolated from Escherichia coli as a relaxation complex of supercoiled DNA and proteins. Treatment of the complex with either protein-denaturing agents (SDS, phenol etc.) or proteolytic enzymes converted the supercoiled DNA to an open-circular form (relaxation). The relaxation complex was separately labelled in vivo with [3H]Leu or [14C]Leu, [35S]Met or (32P)phosphate and extensively purified. Complete hydrolysis of the relaxed complex with DNase I and P1 nuclease produced a 36-kDa protein which, we believe, is covalently bound to ColE1 DNA. On the other hand, the relaxed complex was treated with tosylphenylalanylchloromethane-treated-trypsin and the DNA-peptide(s) produced was (were) isolated and digested with the nucleases as above. The resulting nucleotidylpeptide(s) was (were) isolated by DEAE-Sephadex chromatography. The only 5'-dCMP was released from the nucleotidylpeptide(s) by snake venom phosphodiesterase treatment. O-Phosphoserine was found in acid hydrolysates of the DNA-peptide(s). We suggest that in the relaxation event the 36-kDa protein becomes covalently linked to ColE1 DNA via a phosphodiester bond between dC and the serine residue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y F Drygin
- A. N. Belozersky Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow State University, U.S.S.R
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Vartapetian AB, Bogdanov AA. Proteins covalently linked to viral genomes. PROGRESS IN NUCLEIC ACID RESEARCH AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 1987; 34:209-51. [PMID: 3326040 DOI: 10.1016/s0079-6603(08)60497-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Fluit AC, Baas PD, Jansz HS. Termination and reinitiation signals of bacteriophage phi X174 rolling circle DNA replication. Virology 1986; 154:357-68. [PMID: 2945311 DOI: 10.1016/0042-6822(86)90461-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The nucleotide sequence requirements for termination and reinitiation of rolling circle DNA replication within the 30-bp phi X174 origin region were studied. Plasmids were constructed which contained a complete and a partial phi X174 origin region in the same orientation. The partial origin consisted of the first 16, 24, 25, 26, 27, or 28 bp of the origin region. Plasmids harboring a complete origin region are subject to rolling circle DNA replication and packaging of single-stranded plasmid DNA into phage coats in phi X174 or G4 phage infected cells. The plasmids with a complete and partial origin region were tested in these in vivo transduction systems. The results lead to the following conclusions: The phi X174 and G4 in vivo transduction systems are useful in studying termination and reinitiation of rolling circle DNA replication. The first 24 bp of the origin region are sufficient for termination of a round of rolling circle DNA replication coupled to DNA packaging. The first 16 bp, however, are not recognized as a termination signal. Reinitiation of rolling circle DNA replication coupled to DNA packaging on a partial origin region occurs with low frequency.
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The FLP recombinase of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae 2 microns plasmid attaches covalently to DNA via a phosphotyrosyl linkage. Mol Cell Biol 1986. [PMID: 2427927 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.5.11.3274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The FLP recombinase, encoded by the 2 micron plasmid of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, promotes efficient recombination in vivo and in vitro between its specific target sites (FLP sites). It was previously determined that FLP interacts with DNA sequences within its target site (B. J. Andrews, G. A. Proteau, L. G. Beatty, and P. D. Sadowski. Cell 40:795-803, 1985), generates a single-stranded break on both DNA strands within the FLP site, and remains covalently attached to the 3' end of each break. We now show that the FLP protein is bound to the 3' side of each break by an O-phosphotyrosyl residue and that it appears that the same tyrosyl residue(s) is used to attach to either DNA strand within the FLP site.
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van Mansfeld AD, van Teeffelen HA, Baas PD, Jansz HS. Two juxtaposed tyrosyl-OH groups participate in phi X174 gene A protein catalysed cleavage and ligation of DNA. Nucleic Acids Res 1986; 14:4229-38. [PMID: 2940511 PMCID: PMC339857 DOI: 10.1093/nar/14.10.4229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteriophage phi X174 encoded gene A protein is an enzyme required for initiation and termination of successive rounds of rolling circle phi X DNA replication. This enzyme catalyses cleavage and ligation of a phosphodiester bond between nucleotide residues G and A at the phi X origin. The cleavage reaction which occurs during initiation involves formation of a free GOH residue at one end and a covalent bond between tyrosine-OH of the gene A protein and 5' phosphate of the A residue, at the other end of the cleavage site. During termination the covalently bound gene A protein cleaves the phosphodiester bond between G and A at the regenerated origin and ligates the 3' and 5' ends of the displaced genome-length viral DNA to form a circle. Since tyrosyl-OH mediated rearrangements of phosphodiester bonds in DNA may also apply to other enzymes involved in replication or recombination such as topoisomerases we have studied this interesting mechanism in greater detail. Analysis of 32P-labelled gene A protein-DNA complex by tryptic digestion followed by sequencing of 32P-containing peptides showed that two tyrosyl residues in the repeating sequence tyr-val-ala-lys-tyr-val-asn-lys participate in phosphodiester bond cleavage. Either one of these tyrosyl residues can function as the acceptor of the DNA chain. In an alpha-helix the side chains of these tyrosyl residues are in juxtaposition. An enzymatic mechanism is proposed in which these two tyrosyl-OH groups participate in an alternating manner in successive cleavage and ligations which occur during phosphodiester bond rearrangements of DNA.
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van Mansfeld AD, van Teeffelen HA, Fluit AC, Baas PD, Jansz HS. Effect of SSB protein on cleavage of single-stranded DNA by phi X gene A protein and A* protein. Nucleic Acids Res 1986; 14:1845-61. [PMID: 2937018 PMCID: PMC339577 DOI: 10.1093/nar/14.4.1845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Gene A protein of bacteriophage phi X174 plays a role as a site-specific endonuclease in the initiation and termination of phi X rolling circle DNA replication. To clarify the sequence requirements of this protein we have studied the cleavage of single-stranded restriction fragments from phi X and G4 viral DNAs using purified gene A protein. The results show that in both viral DNAs cleavage occurs at the origin and at one additional site which shows striking sequence homology with the origin region. During rolling circle replication the single-stranded viral DNA tail is covered with single-stranded DNA binding (SSB) protein. Therefore, we have also studied the effect of SSB on phi X gene A protein cleavage. In these conditions only single-stranded fragments containing the complete or almost complete origin region of 30 bases are cleaved, whereas cleavage at the additional sites of phi X or G4 viral DNAs does not occur. A model for termination of rolling circle replication which is based on these findings is presented. Finally, we present evidence that the second product of gene A, the A* protein, cleaves phi X viral DNA at the additional cleavage site in the presence of SSB, not only in vitro but also in vivo. The functional significance of this cleavage in vivo is discussed.
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Gronostajski RM, Sadowski PD. The FLP recombinase of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae 2 microns plasmid attaches covalently to DNA via a phosphotyrosyl linkage. Mol Cell Biol 1985; 5:3274-9. [PMID: 2427927 PMCID: PMC369144 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.5.11.3274-3279.1985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The FLP recombinase, encoded by the 2 micron plasmid of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, promotes efficient recombination in vivo and in vitro between its specific target sites (FLP sites). It was previously determined that FLP interacts with DNA sequences within its target site (B. J. Andrews, G. A. Proteau, L. G. Beatty, and P. D. Sadowski. Cell 40:795-803, 1985), generates a single-stranded break on both DNA strands within the FLP site, and remains covalently attached to the 3' end of each break. We now show that the FLP protein is bound to the 3' side of each break by an O-phosphotyrosyl residue and that it appears that the same tyrosyl residue(s) is used to attach to either DNA strand within the FLP site.
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Baas PD. DNA replication of single-stranded Escherichia coli DNA phages. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1985; 825:111-39. [PMID: 3890949 DOI: 10.1016/0167-4781(85)90096-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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