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Abstract
The genomic organization of cbl genes from a variety of mammalian and non-mammalian species was determined by a combination of cloning and database searches. Humans and mice have three cbl genes (c-cbl,(1) cblb, and cblc) which show remarkable conservation of the intron/exon structure over the region of the genes which encode the highly conserved N-terminal region of the proteins including the RING finger. Searches of genomic, cDNA, and EST databases revealed that one or more cbl genes exist in chordates, insects, and worms. Comparison of the complexity and genomic organization of the cbl gene family and the predicted Cbl proteins from various species suggests that the three mammalian cbl genes arose by two duplications of an ancestral gene. The genomic organization of the cbl genes from various species provides insight into the evolution of the cbl gene family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion M Nau
- Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Building 8, Room 5101, National Naval Medical Center, Bethesda, MD 20889, USA
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2
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Hime GR, Abud HE, Garner B, Harris KL, Robertson H. Dynamic expression of alternate splice forms of D-cbl during embryogenesis. Mech Dev 2001; 102:235-8. [PMID: 11287200 DOI: 10.1016/s0925-4773(01)00292-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The Cbl family of proteins act as E3 ubiquitin-protein ligases and have been associated with the down regulation of a variety of receptor tyrosine kinases. Cbl proteins associate with many different cell signalling molecules suggesting that they may have functions outside of the RING finger-mediated ubiquitin ligase activity. The Drosophila melanogaster cbl gene (D-cbl) encodes two splice forms (Oncogene 19 (2000) 3299). Here we report on the differential expression of these isoforms during Drosophila embryogenesis. Both isoforms are maternally expressed but the long isoform of D-cbl is also transiently expressed in the invaginating mesoderm and later is specifically expressed in neurons of the central nervous system (CNS). Cbl protein is shown to be localised to axons of the longitudinal connectives and commissures in the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- G R Hime
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Melbourne, 3010, Victoria, Australia.
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3
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Robertson H, Langdon WY, Thien CB, Bowtell DD. A c-Cbl yeast two hybrid screen reveals interactions with 14-3-3 isoforms and cytoskeletal components. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1997; 240:46-50. [PMID: 9367879 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1997.7608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The protein product of c-cbl proto-oncogene is known to interact with several proteins, including Grb2, Crk and PI3 kinase, and is thought to regulate signalling by many cell surface receptors. The precise function of c-Cbl in these pathways is not clear, although a genetic analysis in Caenorhabditis elegans suggests that c-Cbl is a negative regulator of the epidermal growth factor receptor. Here we describe a yeast two hybrid screen performed with c-Cbl in an attempt to further elucidate its role in signal transduction. The screen identified interactions involving c-Cbl and two 14-3-3 isoforms, cytokeratin 18, human unconventional myosin IC, and a recently identified SH3 domain containing protein, SH3 P17. We have used the yeast two hybrid assay to localise regions of c-Cbl required for its interaction with each of the proteins. Interaction with 14-3-3 is demonstrated in mammalian cell extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Robertson
- Trescowthick Research Laboratories, Peter MacCallum Cancer Institute, Victoria, Australia
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4
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Goddard AD, Yuan JQ, Fairbairn L, Dexter M, Borrow J, Kozak C, Solomon E. Cloning of the murine homolog of the leukemia-associated PML gene. Mamm Genome 1995; 6:732-7. [PMID: 8563172 DOI: 10.1007/bf00354296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
PML, a Ring-finger protein, participates in the disruption of normal myeloid differentiation when fused to the retinoic acid receptor alpha (RAR alpha) by the translocation between chromosomes (Chrs) 15 and 17 in acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). As an initial step in the characterization of PML in species other than human, a murine cDNA clone of the PML gene was isolated and sequenced, and the intron/exon organization of the murine locus determined. The predicted amino acid sequence of the mouse PML protein shows 80% similarity to that of its human homolog. However, the mouse and human proteins show greater than 90% similarity in the proposed functional domains of the proteins. Despite its role in the etiology of APL, PML expression is not detectably altered during granulocytic differentiation in a murine in vitro system. Chromosomal localization of the Pml locus by somatic cell hybrids and by linkage analysis indicates that the gene maps to a region of mouse Chr 9 with known linkage homology to the region on human Chr 15q to which PML has been localized.
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5
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Thaon S, Quaranta JF, Régnier D. Genetic expression of the C-CBL proto-oncogene in human thymocytes. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 1994; 355:9-13. [PMID: 7709849 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4615-2492-2_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S Thaon
- Laboratoire de Physiol. Animale, U.L.B., Rhode-SaintGenèse, Brussels, Belgium
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6
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O'Brien SJ, Womack JE, Lyons LA, Moore KJ, Jenkins NA, Copeland NG. Anchored reference loci for comparative genome mapping in mammals. Nat Genet 1993; 3:103-12. [PMID: 8499943 DOI: 10.1038/ng0293-103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 336] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in gene mapping technologies have led to increased emphasis in developing representative genetic maps for several species, particularly domestic plants and animals. These maps are being compiled with two distinct goals: to provide a resource for genetic analysis, and to help dissect the evolution of genome organization by comparing linkage relationships of homologous genes. We propose here a list of 321 reference anchor loci suitable for comparative gene mapping in mammals and other vertebrate classes. We selected cloned mouse and human functional genes spaced an average of 5-10 centiMorgans throughout their respective genomes. We also attempted to include loci that are evolutionarily conserved and represented in comparative gene maps in other mammalian orders, particularly cattle and the domestic cat. We believe that the map may provide the basis for a unified approach to comparative analysis of mammalian species genomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J O'Brien
- Laboratory of Viral Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702-1201
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7
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Dissen E, Hunt SV, Rolstad B, Fossum S. Localization of the rat T-cell receptor beta-chain and carboxypeptidase A1 loci to chromosome 4. Immunogenetics 1993; 37:153-6. [PMID: 8093691 DOI: 10.1007/bf00216841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- E Dissen
- Department of Anatomy, University of Oslo, Norway
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8
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Li Y, Hoffman R, Le Beau M, Espinosa R, Jenkins N, Gilbert D, Copeland N, Deuel T. Characterization of the human pleiotrophin gene. Promoter region and chromosomal localization. J Biol Chem 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)35709-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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9
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Nadeau JH, Davisson MT, Doolittle DP, Grant P, Hillyard AL, Kosowsky MR, Roderick TH. Comparative map for mice and humans. Mamm Genome 1992; 3:480-536. [PMID: 1392257 DOI: 10.1007/bf00778825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J H Nadeau
- Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine 04609
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10
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Danciger M, Chakraborti A, Farber DB, Kozak CA. Localization of the gene for a third G protein beta-subunit to mouse chromosome 6 near Raf-1. Genomics 1992; 12:688-92. [PMID: 1572642 DOI: 10.1016/0888-7543(92)90295-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The large family of signal transducing proteins known as G proteins are heterotrimers that dissociate into an independent alpha-subunit and beta gamma-subunit complex after ligand binding or other stimulation. For G alpha, at least 30 distinct sequences representing 10 different classes have been identified. On the other hand, cDNAs for only three G beta-subunit genes have been isolated so far. All three of the G beta genes have been chromosomally mapped in the human, but only two in the mouse. Using a human retinal cDNA for the third G protein beta-subunit, we have mapped the corresponding gene, termed Gnb-3, to mouse Chromosome 6 with somatic cell hybrids and have positioned it distal to but near the marker Raf-1 by analysis of the progeny of three genetic crosses.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Danciger
- Jules Stein Eye Institute, UCLA School of Medicine
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11
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Moore KJ, D'Amore-Bruno MA, Korfhagen TR, Glasser SW, Whitsett JA, Jenkins NA, Copeland NG. Chromosomal localization of three pulmonary surfactant protein genes in the mouse. Genomics 1992; 12:388-93. [PMID: 1346779 DOI: 10.1016/0888-7543(92)90389-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary surfactant, a protein-phospholipid mixture, maintains surface tension at the lung epithelium/air interface preventing alveolar collapse during respiration. For mammals appropriate developmental production of surfactant is necessary for adaptation to the air breathing environment. Deficiency of pulmonary surfactant results in respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), a leading cause of death in premature infants. Recently, three lung-specific pulmonary surfactant proteins designated SP-A, SP-B, and SP-C have been described. Cloned sequences for the genes that encode each of these proteins have been partially characterized in humans and other species. Analysis of interspecific backcross mice has allowed us to map the chromosomal locations of these three genes in the mouse. The gene encoding SP-A (Sftp-1) and the gene encoding SP-C (Sftp-2) both map to mouse chromosome 14, although at separate locations, while the gene encoding SP-B (Sftp-3) maps to chromosome 6. The mouse map locations determined in this study for the Sftp genes are consistent with the locations of these genes on the human genetic map and the syntenic relationships between the human and the mouse genomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- K J Moore
- ABL-Basic Research Program, NCI-Frederick Cancer Research and Development Center, Maryland 21702
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12
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Kingsley
- Department of Developmental Biology, Beckman Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, California 94305-5427
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13
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Affiliation(s)
- R W Elliott
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York 14263
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14
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Charmley P, Nguyen J, Wei S, Gatti RA. Genetic linkage analysis and homology relationships of genes located on human chromosome 11q. Genomics 1991; 10:608-17. [PMID: 1679745 DOI: 10.1016/0888-7543(91)90443-i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
We have used DNA polymorphisms detected by probes for 11q to order 16 genes and to determine the genetic distances between them. Our map includes the genes for CD20, tyrosinase, progesterone receptor, stromelysin, collagenase, N-CAM, dopamine-D2 receptor, apolipoproteins AI-CIII-AIV, CD3-epsilon, -delta, and -gamma, porphobilinogen deaminase, thy-1, and ets-1. These genes have previously been sequenced as well as placed on the 11q cytogenetic map, which now makes them anchor points between the cytogenetic, genetic, and physical maps of this region. The ordering and distances between these genes are of immediate use in testing hypotheses of candidate genes for human genetic diseases associated with chromosome 11q. A comparison between our genetic map and similar maps from other species defines regions of homologous synteny that may be useful in mapping human genetic disease genes localized to the 11q region. Analysis of such homology provides additional bases for speculation of the evolutionary histories of gene families in this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Charmley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Los Angeles 90024
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15
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Siracusa LD, Rosner MH, Vigano MA, Gilbert DJ, Staudt LM, Copeland NG, Jenkins NA. Chromosomal location of the octamer transcription factors, Otf-1, Otf-2, and Otf-3, defines multiple Otf-3-related sequences dispersed in the mouse genome. Genomics 1991; 10:313-26. [PMID: 1676977 DOI: 10.1016/0888-7543(91)90314-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Chromosomal locations have been assigned for the octamer transcription factor, Otf, gene family (previously named the octamer-binding protein, Oct, gene family) using an interspecific backcross of [(C57BL/6J x Mus spretus)F1 x C57BL/6J] mice and the BXH recombinant inbred strains. Molecular probes for Otf-1 and Otf-2 recognized single loci on mouse chromosomes 1 and 7, respectively, whereas probes for Otf-3 recognized a minimum of eight independently segregating loci (designated Otf-3a through Otf-3h). Members of the Otf-3 family mapped to mouse chromosomes 1, 2, 3, 6, 14, 17, and the X chromosome, indicating that the Otf family has become widely dispersed during evolution. Several Otf loci mapped near developmental mutations, raising the possibility that these mutations result from defects in Otf family members.
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Affiliation(s)
- L D Siracusa
- Mammalian Genetics Laboratory, NCI-Frederick Cancer Research and Development Center, Maryland 21702
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16
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Ballantyne CM, Kozak CA, O'Brien WE, Beaudet AL. Assignment of the gene for intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (Icam-1) to proximal mouse chromosome 9. Genomics 1991; 9:547-50. [PMID: 1674500 DOI: 10.1016/0888-7543(91)90423-c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) is an integral membrane protein, a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily, and a ligand for LFA-1, a beta 2 leukocyte integrin. ICAM-1 has a tissue distribution similar to that of the major histocompatibility complex class II antigens and is likely to play a role in inflammatory responses. We have mapped this gene to proximal mouse chromosome 9 by using mouse-hamster somatic cell hybrids and an interspecies backcross. Since human ICAM-1 maps to chromosome 19, it joins the LDL receptor to establish a new conserved syntenic segment between human chromosome 19 and proximal mouse chromosome 9. Murine Icam-1 maps between Cbl-2 and the centromere in the same region as one of the susceptibility genes for insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (Idd-2) that is postulated to play a role in immune function and inflammation leading to insulitis. The mapping of Icam-1 to the region known to contain the Idd-2 gene raises the question of whether the phenotypic differences attributed to the Idd-2 locus might be due to genetic variation in Icam-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Ballantyne
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
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17
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Nadeau JH, Davisson MT, Doolittle DP, Grant P, Hillyard AL, Kosowsky M, Roderick TH. Comparative map for mice and humans. Mamm Genome 1991; 1 Spec No:S461-515. [PMID: 1799811 DOI: 10.1007/bf00656504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J H Nadeau
- Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609
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18
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Eng CM, Kozak CA, Beaudet AL, Zoghbi HY. Mapping of multiple subunits of the neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor to chromosome 15 in man and chromosome 9 in mouse. Genomics 1991; 9:278-82. [PMID: 2004777 DOI: 10.1016/0888-7543(91)90253-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The alpha 3, alpha 5, and beta 4 genes (human gene symbols CHRNA3, CHRNA5, and CHRNB4 respectively; mouse gene symbols Acra-3, Acra-5, and Acrb-4, respectively) are members of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor gene family and are clustered within a 68-kb segment of the rat genome (Boulter et al., 1990, J. Biol. Chem. 265:4472). By somatic cell hybrid analysis, three cDNAs corresponding to these genes were used to map the homologous loci to human chromosome 15 and to mouse chromosome 9. Linkage analysis using CEPH pedigrees showed that the CHRNA5 gene was closely linked to the following chromosome 15 loci: D15S46, D15S52, D15S28, D15S34, and D15S35. Using interspecies crosses in mice, the Acra-5 gene was found closely linked to the Mpi-1 locus. The mapping of these members of a neurotransmitter receptor gene family may facilitate the identification of relationships between the neurotransmitter receptors and murine or human phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Eng
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
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19
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Norman DJ, Fletcher C, Heintz N. Genetic mapping of the lurcher locus on mouse chromosome 6 using an intersubspecific backcross. Genomics 1991; 9:147-53. [PMID: 1672287 DOI: 10.1016/0888-7543(91)90232-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The lurcher (Lc) mutant mouse strain exhibits postnatal degeneration of cerebellar Purkinje cells. We have typed progeny from an intersubspecific, phenotypic backcross at seven loci to develop a genetic linkage map which spans approximately 35 cM surrounding and including the Lc locus on mouse chromosome 6. [(Mus musculus castaneus x B6CBA-Aw-J/A-Lc)F1 x B6CBA-Aw-J/A]N2 progeny were scored visually for the lurcher phenotype and molecularly, through restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis, for six cloned markers. Two candidate genes, Npy and Pcp-1, which map to mouse chromosome 6 and which are expressed in the cerebellum, are demonstrated to be distinct from Lc. Three genes are shown to be closely linked to the Lc locus, and the map order cen-Cpa-Npy-Cbl-1-Lc-Igk, Fabpl-Pcp-1 is determined. The molecular genetic linkage map presented here represents progress toward isolating a clone of the Lc gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Norman
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10021
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20
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Bergeron D, Poliquin L, Kozak CA, Rassart E. Identification of a common viral integration region in Cas-Br-E murine leukemia virus-induced non-T-, non-B-cell lymphomas. J Virol 1991; 65:7-15. [PMID: 1845910 PMCID: PMC240483 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.65.1.7-15.1991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The Cas-Br-E murine leukemia virus is a nondefective retrovirus that induces non-T-, non-B-cell lymphomas in susceptible NIH/Swiss mice. By using a DNA probe derived from Cas-Br-E provirus-flanking sequences, we identified a DNA region, originally called Sic-1, rearranged in 16 of 24 tumors analyzed (67%). All proviruses were integrated in a DNA segment smaller than 100 bp and were in the same 5'-to-3' orientation. Ecotropic as well as mink cell focus-forming virus types were found integrated in that specific DNA region. On the basis of Southern blot analysis of somatic cell hybrids and progeny of an interspecies backcross, the Sic-1 region was localized on mouse chromosome 9 near the previously described proto-oncogenes or common viral integration sites: Ets-1, Cbl-2, Tpl-1, and Fli-1. Restriction map analysis shows that this region is identical to the Fli-1 locus identified in Friend murine leukemia virus-induced erythroleukemia cell lines and thus may contain sequences also responsible for the development of mouse non-T-, non-B-cell lymphomas.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Animals, Newborn
- Blotting, Southern
- Cloning, Molecular
- DNA Probes
- DNA, Neoplasm/genetics
- DNA, Neoplasm/isolation & purification
- DNA, Viral/genetics
- DNA, Viral/isolation & purification
- Gene Rearrangement
- Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains/genetics
- Leukemia Virus, Murine/genetics
- Leukemia Virus, Murine/pathogenicity
- Lymphoma/genetics
- Lymphoma/microbiology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred Strains
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/genetics
- Restriction Mapping
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Affiliation(s)
- D Bergeron
- Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, Canada
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21
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Nadeau
- Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609
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22
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Siracusa LD, Jenkins NA, Copeland NG. Identification and applications of repetitive probes for gene mapping in the mouse. Genetics 1991; 127:169-79. [PMID: 1673105 PMCID: PMC1204302 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/127.1.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Interspecific mouse hybrids that are viable and fertile provide a wealth of genetic variation that is useful for gene mapping. We are using this genetic variation to develop multilocus linkage maps of the mouse genome. As an outgrowth of this work, we have identified three repetitive probes that collectively identify 28 loci dispersed on 16 of the 19 mouse autosomes and the X chromosome. These loci establish a skeleton linkage map that can be used to detect linkage over much of the mouse genome. The molecular probes are derived from the mouse mammary tumor virus envelope gene, the ornithine decarboxylase gene, and the triose phosphate isomerase gene. The ability to scan the mouse genome quickly and efficiently in an interspecific cross using these three repetitive probes makes this system a powerful tool for identifying the chromosomal location of mutations that have yet to be cloned, mapping multigenic traits, and identifying recessive protooncogene loci associated with murine neoplastic disease. Ultimately, interspecific hybrids in conjunction with repetitive and single-copy probes will provide a rapid means to access virtually any gene of interest in the mouse genome at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- L D Siracusa
- NCI-Frederick Cancer Research and Development Center, Mammalian Genetics Laboratory, Maryland 21702
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23
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Kingsley
- Department of Developmental Biology, Beckman Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA 94305-5427
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24
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Affiliation(s)
- W Y Langdon
- Division of Human Immunology, Institute of Medical and Veterinary Science, Adelaide, South Australia
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25
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Langdon WY, Hyland CD, Grumont RJ, Morse HC. The c-cbl proto-oncogene is preferentially expressed in thymus and testis tissue and encodes a nuclear protein. J Virol 1989; 63:5420-4. [PMID: 2585608 PMCID: PMC251210 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.63.12.5420-5424.1989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cas NS-1 is an acutely transforming murine retrovirus that induces early B-lineage lymphomas and occasional myeloid leukemias. The transforming sequence of this virus, v-cbl, shows no homology to known oncogenes but has some similarities to the yeast transcriptional factor GCN4. In this study we used a v-cbl probe to analyze mRNAs from a wide range of murine and human hemopoietic tumor cell lines and detected an 11-kilobase mRNA in all lineages. In normal mouse tissues the expression of c-cbl was highest in testis and thymus tissues, the predominant species in testis tissue being a 3.5-kilobase mRNA. The v-cbl oncogene was inserted into a bacterial expression vector to produce protein for the immunization of rabbits. Affinity-purified v-cbl antibodies identified abundant levels of p100gag-cbl in Cas NS-1-transformed fibroblasts and lower levels of a 135-kilodalton protein (p135c-cbl) in both normal and transformed cells. Subcellular fractionation showed that p100gag-cbl and p135c-cbl are both located in the nucleus and retained following 420 mM salt extraction. These results indicate that the translational product of a c-cbl is a 135-kilodalton nuclear protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Y Langdon
- Division of Human Immunology, Institute of Medical and Veterinary Science, Adelaide, South Australia
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