1
|
Matsuura K, Yamaura M, Sakawaki H, Himeno A, Pisil Y, Kobayakawa T, Tsuji K, Tamamura H, Matsushita S, Miura T. Sensitivity to a CD4 mimic of a consensus clone of monkey-adapted CCR5-tropic SHIV-MK38C. Virology 2023; 578:171-179. [PMID: 36580864 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2022.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
By acclimatizing CCR5-tropic tier 1B SHIV-MK1 to rhesus monkeys, a tier 2 SHIV-MK38 strain with neutralization resistance and high replication ability was generated. In this study, we generated SHIV-MK38C, a monkey-infectious consensus molecular clone of SHIV-MK38. Analysis using pseudotype viruses showed that MK38C was tier 1C because it lacked the N169D mutation, which is the most important mutation for neutralization resistance. MK38C harboring the N169D mutation became tier 2. However, the replication ability of SHIV-MK38C with N169D was low; more than 17 weeks elapsed before its detection in monkeys. Tier 1C MK38C was sensitive to a CD4 mimic. Therefore, SHIV-MK38C could be used to evaluate CD4 mimics in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kanako Matsuura
- Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, 53 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Mizuki Yamaura
- Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, 53 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Hiromi Sakawaki
- Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, 53 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Ai Himeno
- Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, 53 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Yalcin Pisil
- Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, 53 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Takuya Kobayakawa
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-0062, Japan
| | - Kohei Tsuji
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-0062, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Tamamura
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-0062, Japan
| | - Shuzo Matsushita
- Division of Clinical Retrovirology, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Kumamoto University, 2-2-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-0811, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Miura
- Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, 53 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ishida Y, Yoneda M, Otsuki H, Watanabe Y, Kato F, Matsuura K, Kikukawa M, Matsushita S, Hishiki T, Igarashi T, Miura T. Generation of a neutralization-resistant CCR5 tropic simian/human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV-MK38) molecular clone, a derivative of SHIV-89.6. J Gen Virol 2016; 97:1249-1260. [PMID: 26850058 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.000421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Previously, we reported that a new genetically diverse CCR5 (R5) tropic simian/human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV-MK38) adapted to rhesus monkeys became more neutralization resistant to SHIV-infected plasma than did the parental SHIV-KS661 clone. Here, to clarify the significance of the neutralization-resistant phenotype of SHIV in a macaque model, we initially investigated the precise neutralization phenotype of the SHIVs, including SHIV-MK38 molecular clones, using SHIV-MK38-infected plasma, a pooled plasma of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals, soluble CD4 and anti-HIV-1 neutralizing mAbs, the epitopes of which were known. The results show that SHIV-KS661 had tier 1 neutralization sensitivity, but monkey-adapted R5 tropic SHIV-MK38 acquired neutralization resistance similar to that of tier 2 or 3 as a clone virus. Sequence analysis of the env gene suggested that the neutralization-resistant phenotype of SHIV-MK38 was acquired by conformational changes in Env associated with the net charge and potential N-linked glycosylation sites. To examine the relationship between neutralization phenotype and stably persistent infection in monkeys, we performed in vivo rectal inoculation experiments using a SHIV-MK38 molecular clone. The results showed that one of three rhesus monkeys exhibited durable infection with a plasma viral load of 105 copies ml- 1 despite the high antibody responses that occurred in the host. Whilst further improvements are required in the development of a challenge virus, it will be useful to generate a neutralization-resistant R5 tropic molecular clone of the SHIV-89.6 lineage commonly used for vaccine development - a result that can be used to explore the foundation of AIDS pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Ishida
- Laboratory of Primate Model, Experimental Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute for Virus Research,Kyoto University, 53 Shogoinkawaharacho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507,Japan
| | - Mai Yoneda
- Laboratory of Primate Model, Experimental Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute for Virus Research,Kyoto University, 53 Shogoinkawaharacho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507,Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Otsuki
- Laboratory of Primate Model, Experimental Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute for Virus Research,Kyoto University, 53 Shogoinkawaharacho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507,Japan
| | - Yuji Watanabe
- Laboratory of Primate Model, Experimental Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute for Virus Research,Kyoto University, 53 Shogoinkawaharacho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507,Japan
| | - Fumihiro Kato
- Laboratory of Primate Model, Experimental Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute for Virus Research,Kyoto University, 53 Shogoinkawaharacho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507,Japan
| | - Kanako Matsuura
- Laboratory of Primate Model, Experimental Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute for Virus Research,Kyoto University, 53 Shogoinkawaharacho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507,Japan
| | - Minako Kikukawa
- Laboratory of Primate Model, Experimental Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute for Virus Research,Kyoto University, 53 Shogoinkawaharacho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507,Japan
| | - Shuzo Matsushita
- Division of Clinical Retrovirology and Infectious Diseases, Center for AIDS Research,Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-0811,Japan
| | - Takayuki Hishiki
- Laboratory of Primate Model, Experimental Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute for Virus Research,Kyoto University, 53 Shogoinkawaharacho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507,Japan
| | - Tatsuhiko Igarashi
- Laboratory of Primate Model, Experimental Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute for Virus Research,Kyoto University, 53 Shogoinkawaharacho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507,Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Miura
- Laboratory of Primate Model, Experimental Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute for Virus Research,Kyoto University, 53 Shogoinkawaharacho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507,Japan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Shingai M, Donau OK, Plishka RJ, Buckler-White A, Mascola JR, Nabel GJ, Nason MC, Montefiori D, Moldt B, Poignard P, Diskin R, Bjorkman PJ, Eckhaus MA, Klein F, Mouquet H, Cetrulo Lorenzi JC, Gazumyan A, Burton DR, Nussenzweig MC, Martin MA, Nishimura Y. Passive transfer of modest titers of potent and broadly neutralizing anti-HIV monoclonal antibodies block SHIV infection in macaques. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 211:2061-74. [PMID: 25155019 PMCID: PMC4172223 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20132494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 257] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Five potent and broadly anti-HIV neutralizing monoclonal antibodies are able to block infection by two different SHIVs in monkeys. The authors show that antibodies targeting the outer glycan coat were the most effective and determined that titers of roughly 1:100 protected half the animals. It is widely appreciated that effective human vaccines directed against viral pathogens elicit neutralizing antibodies (NAbs). The passive transfer of anti–HIV-1 NAbs conferring sterilizing immunity to macaques has been used to determine the plasma neutralization titers, which must be present at the time of exposure, to prevent acquisition of SIV/HIV chimeric virus (SHIV) infections. We administered five recently isolated potent and broadly acting anti-HIV neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to rhesus macaques and challenged them intrarectally 24 h later with either of two different R5-tropic SHIVs. By combining the results obtained from 60 challenged animals, we determined that the protective neutralization titer in plasma preventing virus infection in 50% of the exposed monkeys was relatively modest (∼1:100) and potentially achievable by vaccination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Shingai
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Virology Laboratory, Vaccine Research Center, and Biostatistics Research Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Olivia K Donau
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Virology Laboratory, Vaccine Research Center, and Biostatistics Research Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Ronald J Plishka
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Virology Laboratory, Vaccine Research Center, and Biostatistics Research Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Alicia Buckler-White
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Virology Laboratory, Vaccine Research Center, and Biostatistics Research Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - John R Mascola
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Virology Laboratory, Vaccine Research Center, and Biostatistics Research Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Gary J Nabel
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Virology Laboratory, Vaccine Research Center, and Biostatistics Research Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Martha C Nason
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Virology Laboratory, Vaccine Research Center, and Biostatistics Research Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - David Montefiori
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710
| | - Brian Moldt
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, and Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine immunology and Immunogen Discovery, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037 Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, and Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine immunology and Immunogen Discovery, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037 Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, and Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine immunology and Immunogen Discovery, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Pascal Poignard
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, and Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine immunology and Immunogen Discovery, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037 Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, and Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine immunology and Immunogen Discovery, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037 Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, and Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine immunology and Immunogen Discovery, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Ron Diskin
- Department of Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Pamela J Bjorkman
- Division of Biology, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815
| | - Michael A Eckhaus
- Diagnostic and Research Services Branch, Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Florian Klein
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065
| | - Hugo Mouquet
- Laboratory of Humoral Response to Pathogens, Department of Immunology, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris, France
| | | | - Anna Gazumyan
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065
| | - Dennis R Burton
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, and Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine immunology and Immunogen Discovery, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037 Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, and Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine immunology and Immunogen Discovery, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037 Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, and Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine immunology and Immunogen Discovery, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037 Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Boston, MA 021142
| | - Michel C Nussenzweig
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815 Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065
| | - Malcolm A Martin
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Virology Laboratory, Vaccine Research Center, and Biostatistics Research Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Yoshiaki Nishimura
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Virology Laboratory, Vaccine Research Center, and Biostatistics Research Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Fujita Y, Otsuki H, Watanabe Y, Yasui M, Kobayashi T, Miura T, Igarashi T. Generation of a replication-competent chimeric simian-human immunodeficiency virus carrying env from subtype C clinical isolate through intracellular homologous recombination. Virology 2012; 436:100-11. [PMID: 23219366 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2012.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2012] [Revised: 09/10/2012] [Accepted: 10/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A new simian-human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV), carrying env from an uncloned HIV-1 subtype C clinical isolate (97ZA012), was generated through intracellular homologous recombination, a DNA repair mechanism of the host cell. PCR fragments amplified from an existing SHIV plasmid (a 7-kb fragment from the 5' end and a 1.5-kb fragment from the 3' end) and a 4-kb fragment amplified from 97ZA012 cDNA containing env were co-transfected to human lymphoid cells. The resulting recombinant was subjected to serial passage in rhesus peripheral blood mononuclear cells (RhPBMCs). The resulting SHIV 97ZA012 was replication competent in RhPBMCs and monkey alveolar macrophages, and possessed CCR5 preference as an entry co-receptor. Experimental infection of rhesus macaques with SHIV 97ZA012 caused high titers of plasma viremia and a transient but profound depletion of CD4(+) T lymphocytes in the lung. Animal-to-animal passage was shown to be a promising measure for further adaptation of the virus in monkeys.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhisa Fujita
- Laboratory of Primate Model, Experimental Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Shingai M, Donau OK, Schmidt SD, Gautam R, Plishka RJ, Buckler-White A, Sadjadpour R, Lee WR, LaBranche CC, Montefiori DC, Mascola JR, Nishimura Y, Martin MA. Most rhesus macaques infected with the CCR5-tropic SHIV(AD8) generate cross-reactive antibodies that neutralize multiple HIV-1 strains. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2012; 109:19769-74. [PMID: 23129652 PMCID: PMC3511737 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1217443109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The induction of broadly reacting neutralizing antibodies has been a major goal of HIV vaccine research. Characterization of a pathogenic CCR5 (R5)-tropic SIV/HIV chimeric virus (SHIV) molecular clone (SHIV(AD8-EO)) revealed that eight of eight infected animals developed cross-reactive neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) directed against an envelope glycoprotein derived from the heterologous HIV-1(DH12) strain. A panel of plasmas, collected from monkeys inoculated with either molecularly cloned or uncloned SHIV(AD8) stocks, exhibited cross-neutralization against multiple tier 1 and tier 2 HIV-1 clade B isolates. One SHIV(AD8)-infected animal also developed NAbs against clades A and C HIV-1 strains. In this particular infected macaque, the cross-reacting anti-HIV-1 NAbs produced between weeks 7 and 13 were directed against a neutralization-sensitive virus strain, whereas neutralizing activities emerging at weeks 41-51 targeted more neutralization-resistant HIV-1 isolates. These results indicate that the SHIV(AD8) macaque model represents a potentially valuable experimental system for investigating B-cell maturation and the induction of cross-reactive NAbs directed against multiple HIV-1 strains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Stephen D. Schmidt
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; and
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - John R. Mascola
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; and
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Moore C, Sidney J, English AM, Wriston A, Hunt DF, Shabanowitz J, Southwood S, Bradley K, Lafont BAP, Mothé BR, Sette A. Identification of the peptide-binding motif recognized by the pigtail macaque class I MHC molecule Mane-A1*082:01 (Mane A*0301). Immunogenetics 2012; 64:461-8. [PMID: 22278177 PMCID: PMC3626442 DOI: 10.1007/s00251-012-0600-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2011] [Accepted: 01/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Rhesus and pigtail macaques have proven to be valuable animal models for several important human diseases, including HIV, where they exhibit similar pathology and disease progression. Because rhesus macaques have been extensively characterized in terms of their major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I alleles, their demand has soared, making them increasingly difficult to obtain for research purposes. This problem has been exacerbated by a continued export ban in place since 1978. Pigtail macaques represent a potential alternative animal model. However, because their MHC class I alleles have not been characterized in detail, their use has been hindered. To address this, in the present study, we have characterized the peptide binding specificity of the pigtail macaque class I allele Mane-A1*082:01 (formerly known as Mane A*0301), representative of the second most common MHC class I antigen detected across several cohorts. The motif was defined on the basis of binding studies utilizing purified MHC protein and panels of single amino acid substitution analog peptides, as well as sequences of peptide ligands eluted from Mane-A1*082:01. Based on these analyses, Mane-A1*082:01 was found to recognize a motif with H in position 2 and the aromatic residues F and Y, or the hydrophobic/aliphatic residue M, at the C-terminus. Finally, analysis of the binding of a combinatorial peptide library allowed the generation of a detailed quantitative motif that proved effective in the prediction of a set of high-affinity binders derived from chimeric SIV/HIV, an important model virus for studying HIV infection in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carrie Moore
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - John Sidney
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - A. Michelle English
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Amanda Wriston
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Donald F. Hunt
- Department of Chemistry and Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Jeffrey Shabanowitz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Scott Southwood
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Kate Bradley
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Bernard A. P. Lafont
- Non-Human Primate Immunogenetics and Cellular Immunology Unit, Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, NIAID/NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Bianca R. Mothé
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University–San Marcos, San Marcos, CA 92069, USA
| | - Alessandro Sette
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Recombination-mediated changes in coreceptor usage confer an augmented pathogenic phenotype in a nonhuman primate model of HIV-1-induced AIDS. J Virol 2011; 85:10617-26. [PMID: 21813599 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.05010-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Evolution of the env gene in transmitted R5-tropic human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) strains is the most widely accepted mechanism driving coreceptor switching. In some infected individuals, however, a shift in coreceptor utilization can occur as a result of the reemergence of a cotransmitted, but rapidly controlled, X4 virus. The latter possibility was studied by dually infecting rhesus macaques with X4 and R5 chimeric simian simian/human immunodeficiency viruses (SHIVs) and monitoring the replication status of each virus using specific primer pairs. In one of the infected monkeys, both SHIVs were potently suppressed by week 12 postinoculation, but a burst of viremia at week 51 was accompanied by an unrelenting loss of total CD4+ T cells and the development of clinical disease. PCR analyses of plasma viral RNA indicated an env gene segment containing the V3 region from the inoculated X4 SHIV had been transferred into the genetic background of the input R5 SHIV by intergenomic recombination, creating an X4 virus with novel replicative, serological, and pathogenic properties. These results indicate that the effects of retrovirus recombination in vivo can be functionally profound and may even occur when one of the recombination participants is undetectable in the circulation as cell-free virus.
Collapse
|
8
|
Some human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Vpu proteins are able to antagonize macaque BST-2 in vitro and in vivo: Vpu-negative simian-human immunodeficiency viruses are attenuated in vivo. J Virol 2011; 85:9708-15. [PMID: 21775449 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00626-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Vpu enhances the release of viral particles from infected cells by targeting BST-2/tetherin, a cellular protein inhibiting virus release. The widely used HIV-1(NL4-3) Vpu functionally inactivates human BST-2 but not murine or monkey BST-2, leading to the notion that Vpu antagonism is species specific. Here we investigated the properties of the CXCR4-tropic simian-human immunodeficiency virus DH12 (SHIV(DH12)) and the CCR5-tropic SHIV(AD8), each of which carries vpu genes derived from different primary HIV-1 isolates. We found that virion release from infected rhesus peripheral blood mononuclear cells was enhanced to various degrees by the Vpu present in both SHIVs. Transfer of the SHIV(DH12) Vpu transmembrane domain to the HIV-1(NL4-3) Vpu conferred antagonizing activity against macaque BST-2. Inactivation of the SHIV(DH12) and SHIV(AD8) vpu genes impaired virus replication in 6 of 8 inoculated rhesus macaques, resulting in lower plasma viral RNA loads, slower losses of CD4(+) T cells, and delayed disease progression. The expanded host range of the SHIV(DH12) Vpu was not due to adaptation during passage in macaques but was an intrinsic property of the parental HIV-1(DH12) Vpu protein. These results demonstrate that the species-specific inhibition of BST-2 by HIV-1(NL4-3) Vpu is not characteristic of all HIV-1 Vpu proteins; some HIV-1 isolates encode a Vpu with a broader host range.
Collapse
|
9
|
Matsuda K, Inaba K, Fukazawa Y, Matsuyama M, Ibuki K, Horiike M, Saito N, Hayami M, Igarashi T, Miura T. In vivo analysis of a new R5 tropic SHIV generated from the highly pathogenic SHIV-KS661, a derivative of SHIV-89.6. Virology 2010; 399:134-143. [PMID: 20102777 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2010.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2009] [Revised: 12/14/2009] [Accepted: 01/05/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Although X4 tropic SHIVs have been studied extensively, they show distinct infection phenotypes from those of R5 tropic viruses, which play an important role in HIV-1 transmission and pathogenesis. To augment the variety of R5 tropic SHIVs, we generated a new R5 tropic SHIV from the highly pathogenic X4 tropic SHIV-KS661, a derivative of SHIV-89.6. Based on consensus amino acid alignment analyses of subtype B R5 tropic HIV-1, five amino acid substitutions in the third variable region successfully changed the secondary receptor preference from X4 to R5. Improvements in viral replication were observed in infected rhesus macaques after two passages, and reisolated virus was designated SHIV-MK38. SHIV-MK38 maintained R5 tropism through in vivo passages and showed robust replication in infected monkeys. Our study clearly demonstrates that a minimal number of amino acid substitutions in the V3 region can alter secondary receptor preference and increase the variety of R5 tropic SHIVs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Matsuda
- Laboratory of Primate Model, Experimental Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, 53 Shogoinkawaramachi, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Katsuhisa Inaba
- Laboratory of Primate Model, Experimental Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, 53 Shogoinkawaramachi, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Fukazawa
- Laboratory of Primate Model, Experimental Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, 53 Shogoinkawaramachi, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Megumi Matsuyama
- Laboratory of Primate Model, Experimental Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, 53 Shogoinkawaramachi, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Kentaro Ibuki
- Laboratory of Primate Model, Experimental Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, 53 Shogoinkawaramachi, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Mariko Horiike
- Laboratory of Primate Model, Experimental Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, 53 Shogoinkawaramachi, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Naoki Saito
- Laboratory of Primate Model, Experimental Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, 53 Shogoinkawaramachi, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Masanori Hayami
- Laboratory of Primate Model, Experimental Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, 53 Shogoinkawaramachi, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiko Igarashi
- Laboratory of Primate Model, Experimental Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, 53 Shogoinkawaramachi, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Miura
- Laboratory of Primate Model, Experimental Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, 53 Shogoinkawaramachi, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Igarashi T, Donau OK, Imamichi H, Nishimura Y, Theodore TS, Iyengar R, Erb C, Buckler-White A, Buckler CE, Martin MA. Although macrophage-tropic simian/human immunodeficiency viruses can exhibit a range of pathogenic phenotypes, a majority of isolates induce no clinical disease in immunocompetent macaques. J Virol 2007; 81:10669-79. [PMID: 17626082 PMCID: PMC2045473 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00517-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Unlike prototypical lentiviruses like visna and caprine arthritis-encephalitis viruses, which are mainly macrophage tropic (M-tropic), primate lentiviruses primarily target CD4+ T lymphocytes. We previously reported that during the late phase of highly pathogenic chimeric simian/human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV) infections of rhesus macaques, when CD4+ T cells have been systemically eliminated, high levels of viremia are maintained from productively infected macrophages. The availability of several different M-tropic SHIVs from such late-stage immunocompromised animals provided the opportunity to assess whether they might contribute to the immune deficiency induced by their T-cell-tropic parental viruses or possibly cause a distinct disease based on their capacity to infect macrophages. Pairs of rhesus monkeys were therefore inoculated intravenously with six different M-tropic SHIV preparations, and their plasma viral RNA loads, circulating lymphocyte subset numbers, and eventual disease outcomes were monitored. Only one of these six M-tropic SHIVs induced any disease; the disease phenotype observed was the typical rapid, complete, and irreversible depletion of CD4+ T cells induced by pathogenic SHIVs. An analysis of two asymptomatic monkeys, previously inoculated with an M-tropic SHIV recovered directly from alveolar macrophages, revealed that this inoculum targeted alveolar macrophages in vivo, compared to a T-cell-tropic virus, yet no clinical disease occurred. Although one isolate did, in fact, induce the prototypical rapid, irreversible, and complete loss of CD4+ T cells, indicating that M-tropism and pathogenicity may not be inversely related, the majority of M-tropic SHIVs induced no clinical disease in immunocompetent macaques.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuhiko Igarashi
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Building 4, Room 315, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kwon B, Ansari IH, Osorio FA, Pattnaik AK. Infectious clone-derived viruses from virulent and vaccine strains of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus mimic biological properties of their parental viruses in a pregnant sow model. Vaccine 2006; 24:7071-80. [PMID: 17049689 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2006.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2006] [Revised: 06/28/2006] [Accepted: 07/05/2006] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Understanding of the molecular basis of virulence and attenuation of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is important for the development of a safe and efficacious vaccine. Prime Pac (PP) is an attenuated vaccine strain of PRRSV which is being used in our laboratories as a source of gene(s) for the generation of chimeric constructs in the background of a highly virulent PRRSV derived from an infectious clone (FL12) to examine the molecular determinants of virulence and attenuation. To facilitate these studies, we generated a full-length cDNA clone of the PP vaccine strain by serially replacing the genomic fragments of the FL12 with the corresponding regions from the PP strain. The virus rescued from this newly assembled cDNA clone (PP18) exhibited in vitro growth properties and in vivo apathogenic characteristics of the parental PP virus. Using pregnant sows as the experimental model of reproductive pathogenesis, we have been able to unequivocally demonstrate the clearly contrasting phenotypes of the virulent and the attenuated viruses derived from the infectious clones (FL12 and PP18). The development of an infectious clone derived from a bona fide attenuated PRRSV vaccine strain should significantly facilitate ongoing studies to determine the molecular basis of virulence and attenuation.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cells, Cultured
- Cloning, Organism
- DNA Primers
- DNA, Complementary/genetics
- DNA, Complementary/immunology
- DNA, Viral/genetics
- DNA, Viral/immunology
- Electroporation
- Female
- Phenotype
- Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome/immunology
- Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome/virology
- Porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus/immunology
- Porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus/isolation & purification
- Porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus/pathogenicity
- Pregnancy
- RNA, Viral/genetics
- RNA, Viral/isolation & purification
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Survival Analysis
- Swine
- Transcription, Genetic
- Vaccines, Attenuated/immunology
- Viral Vaccines/immunology
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Byungjoon Kwon
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences and Nebraska Center for Virology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, E126 Beadle Center, 1901 Vine Street, Lincoln, NE 68588, United States
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Mao H, Lafont BAP, Igarashi T, Nishimura Y, Brown C, Hirsch V, Buckler-White A, Sadjadpour R, Martin MA. CD8+ and CD20+ lymphocytes cooperate to control acute simian immunodeficiency virus/human immunodeficiency virus chimeric virus infections in rhesus monkeys: modulation by major histocompatibility complex genotype. J Virol 2006; 79:14887-98. [PMID: 16282488 PMCID: PMC1287589 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.79.23.14887-14898.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously described two isogenic molecularly cloned simian immunodeficiency virus/human immunodeficiency virus chimeric viruses (SHIVs) that differ from one another by 9 amino acids and direct distinct clinical outcomes in inoculated rhesus monkeys. SHIV(DH12R-Clone 7), like other highly pathogenic CXCR4-tropic SHIVs, induces rapid and complete depletions of CD4+ T lymphocytes and immunodeficiency in infected animals. In contrast, macaques inoculated with SHIV(DH12R-Clone 8) experience only partial and transient losses of CD4+ T cells, show prompt control of their viremia, and remain healthy for periods of time extending for up to 4 years. The contributions of CD8+ and CD20+ lymphocytes in suppressing the replication of the attenuated SHIV(DH12R-Clone 8) and maintaining a prolonged asymptomatic clinical course was assessed by treating animals with monoclonal antibodies that deplete each lymphocyte subset at the time of virus inoculation. The absence of either CD8+ or CD20+ cells during the SHIV(DH12R-Clone 8) acute infection resulted in the rapid, complete, and irreversible loss of CD4+ T cells; sustained high levels of postpeak plasma viremia; and symptomatic disease in Mamu-A*01-negative Indian rhesus monkeys. In Mamu-A*01-positive animals, however, the aggressive, highly pathogenic phenotype was observed only in macaques depleted of CD8+ cells; SHIV(DH12R-Clone 8) was effectively controlled in Mamu-A*01-positive monkeys in the absence of B lymphocytes. Taken together, these results indicate that both CD8+ and CD20+ B cells contribute to the control of primate lentiviral infection in Mamu-A*01-negative macaques. Furthermore, the major histocompatibility complex genotype of an infected animal, as exemplified by the Mamu-A*01 allele in this study, has the additional capacity to shift the balance of the composite immune response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanwen Mao
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|